Articles de revues : « Multimineral method »

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Cheng, Liwei, Manika Prasad, Reinaldo J. Michelena, Ali Tura, Shamima Akther, Petar Vladov Angelov et Rao Narhari Srinivasa. « Using rock-physics models to validate rock composition from multimineral log analysis ». GEOPHYSICS 87, n^o 2 (21 janvier 2022) : MR49—MR62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0918.1.

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Multimineral log analysis is a quantitative formation evaluation tool for geologic and petrophysical reservoir characterization. Rock composition can be estimated by solving equations that relate log measurements to the petrophysical endpoints of minerals and fluids. Due to errors in log data and uncertainties in petrophysical endpoints of constituents, we have used effective medium models from rock physics as additional independent information to validate or constrain the results. We examine the Voigt-Reuss (VR) bound model, self-consistent approximation (SCA), and differential effective medium (DEM). The VR bound model provides the first-order quality control of multimineral results. We first show a conventional carbonate reservoir study with intervals in which the predicted effective medium models from multimineral results are inconsistent with measured elastic properties. We use the VR bound model as an inequality constraint in multimineral analysis for plausible alternative solutions. The SCA and DEM models provide good estimates in low-porosity intervals and imply geologic information for porous intervals. Then, we present a field case of the Bakken and Three Forks formations. A linear interpolation of the VR bound model helps validate multimineral results and approximate the elastic moduli of clay. There are two major advantages to using our new method: (1) Rock-physics effective medium models provide independent quality control of petrophysical multimineral results and (2) multimineral information leads to realistic rock-physics models.

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Feng, Zhou, Xin-Tong Li, Hong-Liang Wu, Shou-Ji Xia et Ying-Ming Liu. « Multimineral optimization processing method based on elemental capture spectroscopy logging ». Applied Geophysics 11, n^o 1 (mars 2014) : 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11770-014-0419-3.

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Li, Xuejiao, Wensheng Wang, Zhiqing Zhu et Kunkun Zheng. « Investigation on Durability Behaviour and Optimization of Concrete with Triple-Admixtures Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles in Salt Solution ». Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (9 février 2021) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5572011.

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In the seasonal frozen area of northeast China, cement concrete is usually in a working environment of cold climate and chlorine erosion coupling effect. In general, with a reasonable addition of air entraining agent (AEA) and multimineral admixtures such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume, the durability of cement concrete under the effects of freeze-thaw and salt solution can be significantly improved in cold regions. However, due to several more compositions of cement concrete with multiple mineral admixtures, it would take excessive trial mixtures to select the desired mixture proportion based on the conventional method. This means a great deal of costs of raw materials and laboratory experimental time. In this paper, the experimental scheme of mixture proportion for air-entrained concrete with multimineral admixtures was designed based on the orthogonal experiment design method. Based on the compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability, and weight loss and relative dynamic elastic modulus after salt freeze-thaw cycles, the influence of different mineral admixtures and their dosages on the durability of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw in salt solution was analyzed. After that, based on genetic algorithm, an optimization of mixture proportion was proposed, which only requires less trial mixes and accessible optimization process. The test results indicated the superiority of air-entrained concrete with multimineral admixtures when serving in salt freeze-thaw environment. Eventually, it was also verified that the optimized concrete in this paper could achieve pleasurable durability performances under salt freeze-thaw cycles.

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Chen, Pei, Renata Atkinson et Wayne R. Wolf. « Single-Laboratory Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic-Diode Array Detector-Fluorescence Detector/Mass Spectrometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Multivitamin Dietary Tablets ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, n^o 2 (1 mars 2009) : 680–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.2.680.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a single-laboratory validated (SLV) method using high-performance liquid chromatography with different detectors diode array detector (DAD); fluorescence detector (FLD); and mass spectrometry (MS) for determination of 7 B-complex vitamins (B1-thiamin, B2-riboflavin, B3-nicotinamide, B6-pyridoxine, B9-folic acid, pantothenic acid, and biotin) and vitamin C in multivitamin/multimineral dietary supplements. The method involves the use of a reversed-phase octadecylsilyl column (4 m, 250 2.0 mm id) and a gradient mobile phase profile. Gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. After a 5 min isocratic elution at 100 A (0.1 formic acid in water), a linear gradient to 50 A and 50 B (0.1 formic acid in acetonitrile) at 15 min was employed. Detection was performed with a DAD as well as either an FLD or a triple-quadrupole MS detector in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. SLV was performed using Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3280 Multivitamin/Multimineral Tablets, being developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, with support by the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. Phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 2.0) extracts of the NIST SRM 3280 were analyzed by the liquid chromatographic (LC)-DAD-FLD/MS method. Following extraction, the method does not require any sample cleanup/preconcentration steps except centrifugation and filtration.

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Felice, Valeria, Denise O’Gorman, Nora O’Brien et Niall Hyland. « Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of a Marine-Derived Multimineral, Aquamin-Magnesium ». Nutrients 10, n^o 7 (17 juillet 2018) : 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070912.

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Introduction: Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in a range of key biochemical pathways. Several magnesium supplements are present on the market and their degree of bioavailability differs depending on the form of magnesium salt used. Aquamin-Mg is a natural source of magnesium, containing 72 additional trace minerals derived from the clean waters off the Irish coast. However, the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Aquamin-Mg in comparison with other supplement sources of magnesium has yet to be tested. Method: Aquamin-Mg, magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were subjected to gastrointestinal digestion according to the harmonized INFOGEST in vitro digestion method and in vitro bioavailability tested using the Caco-2 cell model. Magnesium concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: Magnesium recovery from both Aquamin-Mg and MgCl2 was greater than for MgO. Magnesium from all three sources was transported across the epithelial monolayer with Aquamin-Mg displaying a comparable profile to the more bioavailable MgCl2. Conclusions: Our data support that magnesium derived from a marine-derived multimineral product is bioavailable to a significantly greater degree than MgO and displays a similar profile to the more bioavailable MgCl2 and may offer additional health benefits given its multimineral profile.

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Clarke, D. L., et A. P. Clare. « AN INTEGRATED PETROPHYSICAL WORKFLOW TO GENERATING FLUID SUBSTITUTED LOGS FOR AVO CHARACTERISATION—GIPSY AND NORTH GIPSY FIELDS CASE STUDY, NORTH WEST SHELF, AUSTRALIA ». APPEA Journal 42, n^o 1 (2002) : 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01026.

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As part of a multi-well field study an integrated petrophysical workflow was developed to include the generation of fluid substituted logs for AVO characterisation.The workflow relied upon the construction of a multimineral model that best approximated the actual mineral content of the reservoir. Any limitations or assumptions were noted and taken into account when creating the multi-mineral model. Other petrophysical results were derived from the same model to validate its consistency such as intrinsic permeability, porosity, water saturation, etc. Iteration between the model and the results was required until a consistent model was achieved.The estimation of an intrinsic permeability log was based upon the k-Lambda method that uses the multimineral model and porosities.The estimation of a shear slowness log and the fluid substituted logs was based upon elastic rock properties derived from the multi-mineral model and the acquired compressional slowness log and bulk density log. This integrated approach provides a higher confidence in the derived results, which are then used as input into the reservoir model, thereby improving the reserve calculations.The interdependence of each derived result on the same input multi-mineral model ensures consistency and predictability in a complex geological environment, which captures all available information.The method is demonstrated with the Gipsy–1 and North Gipsy–1 wells, which were part of the original field study.

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Nicolás-López, Rubén, Oscar C. Valdiviezo-Mijangos, Jaime Meléndez-Martínez et Valeriy M. Levin. « A multimineral Rock Physics Template built from the Perfectly Disordered Method for shale lithology interpretation ». Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 176 (mai 2019) : 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.01.095.

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Burke, Lauri A., Justin E. Birdwell et Stanley T. Paxton. « Multimineral petrophysics of thermally immature Eagle Ford Group and Cretaceous mudstones, U.S. Geological Survey Gulf Coast 1 research wellbore in central Texas ». Interpretation 10, n^o 1 (24 décembre 2021) : T151—T165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2021-0094.1.

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Traditional petrophysical methods to evaluate organic richness and mineralogy using gamma-ray and resistivity log responses are not diagnostic in source rocks. We have developed a deterministic, nonproprietary method to quantify formation variability in total organic carbon (TOC) and three key mudrock mineralogical components of nonhydrocarbon-bearing source rock strata of the Eagle Ford Group by developing a set of log-derived multimineral models calibrated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy core data from the research borehole U.S. Geological Survey Gulf Coast 1 West Woodway. We determined that bulk density response is a reliable indicator of organic content in these thermally immature, water-bearing source rocks. Multimineral findings indicate that a high degree of laminae-scale mineralogical heterogeneity exists due to thinly interbedded carbonate cements amid clay-rich mudstone layers. The lower part of the Eagle Ford Group contains the highest average TOC content (4.7 wt%) and the highest average carbonate volume (64.1 vol%), making it the optimal target in thermally mature areas for source-rock potential and hydraulic-fracture placement. In contrast, the uppermost portion of the Eagle Ford Group contains the highest average volume of clay minerals (42.6 vol%), which increases the potential for wellbore stability issues. Petrophysical characterization reveals that porosity is approximately 30% in this relatively uncompacted formation. In this thermally immature source rock, water saturation is nearly 100% and no free hydrocarbons were observed on the resistivity logs. No evidence of borehole ellipticity was observed on the three-arm caliper log, and horizontal stresses are presumed to be directionally uniform in the vicinity of this near-surface wellbore. This shallow wellbore has a temperature gradient of 1.87°F/100 ft (16.3°C/km) and is likely influenced by earth surface heating.

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Yu, Anghong, Haizeng Liu, Chuanzhen Wang, Jintao Lv, Feng Wang, Siyang He et Lei Wang. « Online Ash Content Monitor by Automatic Composition Identification and Dynamic Parameter Adjustment Method in Multicoal Preparation ». Processes 10, n^o 8 (22 juillet 2022) : 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081432.

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The online measurement of coal ash has overcome the shortcomings of chemical tests. However, there could be large fluctuations and errors in the results of online ash monitors because of the transient change in coal quality resulting from different geological conditions in the mining process. In this study, to resolve the problems of the dual-energy γ-ray online ash monitor in the Linhuan Coal Preparation Plant, we investigated the internal factors, such as the composition of multimineral and multicoal, and external factors, such as the moisture and impurities, which affect the measurement results of the coal ash monitor. Furthermore, we developed a mathematical model to determine the effect of relevant factors on the coefficient of the online ash monitor, which revealed the relationship between coal composition and the parameters of the ash monitor, ensuring the stable and accurate measurement of ash in clean coal. The method of determining parameters used in the case of coal blending has been applied in the Linhuan Coal Preparation Plant. By comparing with tested ash content, the average absolute error and relative error for daily ash content measured in April are 0.21 and 2.18%, respectively. Meanwhile, it shows certain accuracy and reproducibility while opposed to the daily average absolute error of 0.22 and relative error of 2.39% in May.

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Patil, Suyog S., et Ashwini K. Srivastava. « Development and Validation of Rapid Ion-Pair RPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Certain B-Complex Vitamins Along with Vitamin C ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2012) : 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-014.

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Abstract A rapid, simple, and accurate ion-pair RPLC method has been developed for simultaneous analysis of vitamin C and major B-complex vitamins. An RP C18 column thermostated at 30°C was used with gradient elution of mobile phase comprising 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (containing 3 mM sodium hexane-1-sulfonate, adjusted to pH 2.80 with o-phosphoric acid) and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min to achieve the best possible separation and resolution of all vitamins in about 11.00 min. The detection was performed at 274 nm. The method has been implemented successfully for simultaneous determination of vitamins present in 12 multivitamin/multimineral pharmaceutical preparations, as well as in human urine. Typical validation characteristics were evaluated in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Good linearity over the investigated concentration levels was observed. Intraday repeatability was ≤2.0%, and interday variation was ≤2.6%, for all vitamins. The method can be used for assay of these vitamins over a wide concentration range with good precision and accuracy; hence, it would be appropriate for routine QC as well as in clinical analysis.

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Wallace, Taylor, Cara Frankenfeld, Balz Frei, Alpa Shah, Ching-Ray Yu, Jan-Willem van Klinken et Maryann Adeleke. « Multivitamin Use Is Associated with Increased Micronutrient Intakes and Biomarkers and Decreased Prevalence of Inadequacies in Middle-Aged and Older Adults ». Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29 mai 2020) : 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_129.

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Abstract Objectives Micronutrient inadequacies are common in older adults. We sought to assess if multivitamin/multimineral supplement (MVM) use improved micronutrient intake and biomarker status among older adults enrolled in NHANES. Methods The National Cancer Institute Method was used to estimate usual intakes of 18 micronutrients stratified by age and frequency of MVM use. Insufficiency and deficiency prevalence were evaluated using nutrient biomarkers. Results Compared with food alone, MVM use was associated with higher nutrient intake and lower prevalence of inadequacies of almost all micronutrients exam- ined and improved nutrient biomarker status of folate, iodine, selenium, and vitamins B6, B12, and D. Regular MVM use (!16days/month) decreased the odds of clinical deficiency (defined by biomarker status) of vitamins B6 and D but increased the proportion exceeding the tolerable upper intake level of folic acid. Vitamin B6 deficiency in MVM non-users was common and increased with age. Conclusions Recommending MVM in the middle-aged and older adult population in the US may help to ensure opti- mal long-term nutritional status and contribute to health maintenance. Funding Sources GSK Consumer Healthcare.

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CASONI, Dorina, Michaela PONTA, Mihaela-Nicoleta BIBICA, Ioana-Violeta LAZAR et Tiberiu FRENTIU. « A free non-spectral interferences method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for multielemental determination in multimineral/multivitamin preparations ». Revue Roumaine de Chimie 65, n^o 6 (2020) : 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33224/rrch.2020.65.6.07.

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Szabó, Norbert Péter, et Mihály Dobróka. « Robust estimation of reservoir shaliness by iteratively reweighted factor analysis ». GEOPHYSICS 82, n^o 2 (1 mars 2017) : D69—D83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0393.1.

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We suggest a statistical method for the simultaneous processing of electric, nuclear, and sonic-logging data using a robust iteratively reweighted factor analysis (IRFA). After giving a first estimate by Jöreskog’s approximate method, we refine the factor loadings and factor scores jointly in an iterative procedure, during which the deviation between the measured and calculated data is weighted in proportion to its magnitude for giving an outlier-free solution. We show a strong nonlinear relation between the first factor and the shale volume of multimineral hydrocarbon formations. We test the noise rejection capability of the new statistical procedure by making synthetic modeling experiments. The IRFA of simulated well-logging data including a high amount of noise gives a well log of the shale volume purified of large errors. Case studies from Hungary and the USA show that the results of factor analysis are consistent with that of independent deterministic modeling and core data. The statistical workflow can be effectively used for the processing of not normally distributed and extremely noisy well-logging data sets to evaluate the shale content and derived petrophysical properties more accurately in reservoir rocks.

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Mohd Zaki, Nor Azian, Mohd Naim Rasidi, S. Maria Awaluddin, Tee Guat Hiong, Hasimah Ismail et Noor Safiza Mohamad Nor. « Prevalence and Characteristic of Dietary Supplement Users in Malaysia : Data From the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2014 ». Global Journal of Health Science 10, n^o 12 (27 novembre 2018) : 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n12p127.

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BACKGROUND: There has been an increase trend of dietary supplements intake among Malaysians over the last decade. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristic of dietary supplements users among adults in Malaysia. METHODS: Data of 3000 respondents aged 18–59 years from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2014 were utilized. A multi-stage stratified sampling method was employed and eligible respondent from each household was selected using Kish method. Validated questionnaire was used to gather information on vitamin/mineral supplements (VMS) and food supplements (FS). Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regressions were conducted using SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of VMS and FS intakes among adults in Malaysian were 28.1% and 34.0% respectively. Women, older aged adults with higher education level and monthly income were more likely to consume dietary supplements. Vitamin C and multivitamin/ multimineral, were the commonest VMS consumed by the respondents. The most common FS taken were fish oil and royal jelly. The main causes for dietary supplements intake include for health reasons, doctor’s prescription, to increase energy level and for beauty. CONCLUSIONS: About one third of the Malaysian adults took variety of dietary supplements. Thus, information based on the scientific evidences of health benefits for each type of the dietary supplements is needed to enable consumers to make informed choices on the dietary supplements.

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Heidari, Zoya, Carlos Torres-Verdín et William E. Preeg. « Improved estimation of mineral and fluid volumetric concentrations from well logs in thinly bedded and invaded formations ». GEOPHYSICS 77, n^o 3 (1 mai 2012) : WA79—WA98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0454.1.

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Calculation of mineral and fluid volumetric concentrations from well logs is one of the most important outcomes of formation evaluation. Conventional estimation methods assume linear or quasi-linear relationships between volumetric concentrations of solid/fluid constituents and well logs. Experience shows, however, that the relationship between neutron porosity logs and mineral concentrations is generally nonlinear. More importantly, linear estimation methods do not explicitly account for shoulder-bed and/or invasion effects on well logs, nor do they account for differences in the volume of investigation of the measurements involved in the estimation. The latter deficiencies of linear estimation methods can cause appreciable errors in the calculation of porosity and hydrocarbon pore volume. We investigated three nonlinear inversion methods for assessment of volumetric concentrations of mineral and fluid constituents of rocks from multiple well logs. All three of these methods accounted for the general nonlinear relationship between well logs, mineral concentrations, and fluid saturations. The first method accounted for the combined effects of invasion and shoulder beds on well logs. The second method also accounted for shoulder-bed effects but was intended for cases where mud-filtrate invasion is negligible or radially deep. Finally, the third method was designed specifically for analysis of thick beds where mud-filtrate invasion is either negligible or radially deep. Numerical synthetic examples of application indicated that nonlinear inversion of multiple well logs is a reliable method to quantify complex mineral and fluid compositions in the presence of thin beds and invasion. Comparison of results against those obtained with conventional multimineral estimation methods confirmed the advantage of nonlinear inversion of multiple well logs in quantifying thinly bedded invaded formations with variable and complex lithology, such as those often encountered in carbonate formations.

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Li, Kelei, Chunxiao Liu, Xiaotong Kuang, Qingxue Deng, Feng Zhao et Duo Li. « Effects of Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplementation on Blood Pressure : A Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials ». Nutrients 10, n^o 8 (3 août 2018) : 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081018.

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Previous studies have not drawn a consistent conclusion about effect of multivitamin and multimineral supplementation (MVMS) on blood pressure. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library (up to May 2018) and references of relevant articles was undertaken. The present meta-analysis included 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), of which eight RCTs in 2011 subjects evaluated the effect of MVMS on blood pressure and four RCTs in 21,196 subjects evaluated the effect of MVMS on the risk of hypertension. MVMS had a lowering effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP): the weighted mean difference (WMD) was −1.31 mmHg (95% CI, −2.48 to −0.14 mmHg) and −0.71 mmHg (95% CI, −1.43 to 0.00 mmHg), respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the lowering effect of MVMS on blood pressure was only significant in 134 subjects with chronic disease but not in 1580 healthy subjects, and the WMD for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP in subjects with chronic disease was −6.29 mmHg (95% CI, −11.09 to −1.50 mmHg) and −2.32 mmHg (95% CI, −4.50 to −0.13 mmHg), respectively. The effect size of MVMS on SBP in 58 hypertensive subjects (WMD, −7.98 mmHg; 95% CI, −14.95 to −1.02 mmHg) was more than six times of that in 1656 normotensive subjects (WMD, −1.25 mmHg; 95% CI, −2.48 to −0.02 mmHg). However, no significant effect on DBP was observed in both hypertensive and normotensive subgroups. There was no significant effect of MVMS on risk of hypertension in 22,852 subjects with a normal blood pressure at baseline. In conclusion, although MVMS had a significant lowering effect on blood pressure in normotensive subjects, the lowering effect was too small to effectively prevent future hypertension. MVMS may be an effective method for blood pressure control in subjects with chronic disease including hypertension, but the sample size of subjects with hypertension or other chronic disease was too small, and more well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm this result.

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Priyanka, Feni, Ordas Dewanto, Bagus Sapto Mulyatno et Riezal Ariffiandhany. « KLASIFIKASI PETROFISIKA TIPE BATUAN UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI KUALITAS RESERVOAR PASIR SERPIHAN PADA FORMASI TALANG AKAR, CEKUNGAN ONWJ ». Jurnal Geofisika Eksplorasi 4, n^o 3 (17 janvier 2020) : 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jge.v4i3.39.

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Hydrocarbons were accumulated in reservoir, the reservoir has a lot of types depending on the geological conditions and the constituent mineral. In ONWJ basins, sub-basins Arjuna, Talang Akar Formation is sand splintersreservoir type. The presence of clay in a reservoir will reduce the resistivity and increase thesaturation, so it takes a multimineral analysis and the reservoir qualityclassification. In this study, physical properties (porosity, permeability, Rw, and saturation) and the quality of the reservoir can be identified through petrophysical analysis by utilizing log data and core analysis, and the rocktypeprediction(using R35 Winland or HFU method). In this study 5 wells (IX-A1, IX-13, IX-4, IX-7 and IX-8)used and found eight hydrocarbon zones, 6 are validated by the DST (drill steam test)data, androck type method that suitable is the method of HFU (hydraulic flow units) due to the coefficient of correlation between porosity and permeability shows a value of 0.75, based on the calculations, the eight types of rock is conclude, where the dominance of the rock typeis the type 12 with a pore size between 5-10 microns, type reservoir rocks in this study belong to the lithofacies distributary channel and mouthbar sand. By knowing the petrophysical property values, it can determine reservoir productivity and determine the zone eligible to be produced or not, by using curve SMLP (Stratigraphic Modified Lorenz Plot).

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Lis-Śledziona, Anita. « Multiscale evaluation of a thin-bed reservoir ». Geology, Geophysics and Environment 47, n^o 1 (27 avril 2021) : 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2021.47.1.5.

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A thin-bed laminated shaly-sand reservoir of the Miocene formation was evaluated using two methods: high resolution microresistivity data from the XRMI tool and conventional well logs. Based on high resolution data, the Earth model of the reservoir was defined in a way that allowed the analyzed interval to be subdivided into thin layers of sandstones, mudstones, and claystones. Theoretical logs of gamma ray, bulk density, horizontal and vertical resistivity were calculated based on the forward modeling method to describe the petrophysical properties of individual beds and calculate the clay volume, porosity, and water saturation. The relationships amongst the contents of minerals were established based on the XRD data from the neighboring wells; hence, the high-resolution lithological model was evaluated. Predicted curves and estimated volumes of minerals were used as an input in multimineral solver and based on the assumed petrophysical model the input data were recalculated, reconstructed and compared with the predicted curves. The volumes of minerals and input curves were adjusted during several runs to minimalize the error between predicted and recalculated variables. Another approach was based on electrofacies modeling using unsupervised self-organizing maps. As an input, conventional well logs were used. Then, the evaluated facies model was used during forward modeling of the effective porosity, horizontal resistivity and water saturation. The obtained results were compared and, finally, the effective thickness of the reservoir was established based on the results from the two methods.

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Brämswig, Susanne, Reinhild Prinz-Langenohl, Yvonne Lamers, Oliver Tobolski, Eva Wintergerst, Heiner K. Berthold et Klaus Pietrzik. « Supplementation with a multivitamin containing 800 µg of folic acid shortens the time to reach the preventive red blood cell folate concentration in healthy women ». International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 79, n^o 2 (1 mars 2009) : 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.79.2.61.

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Background: The lowest risk of having a child with a neural tube defect (NTD) was related to red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations of >906 nmol/L. For NTD prevention, it is recommended that women use periconceptional supplementation of 400 µg/day folic acid. Using this dose previous studies indicate that RBC folate >906 nmol/L was not reached within four weeks of supplementation. Objective: The effectiveness of a multivitamin/multimineral supplement containing 800 µg folic acid (verum) was evaluated using RBC folate concentration exceeding 906 nmol/L as primary endpoint. In addition, the time frame of achieving the threshold level was established as well as the effect of supplementation of other B vitamins on folate metabolism. Subjects and Methods: 46 healthy females received 800 µg/day of folic acid or placebo for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected in four-week intervals. Plasma and RBC folate were measured with the microbiological method. Results: Mean (±SED) RBC folate increased over time to 1430±53 nmol/L, but did not reach a steady state after 16 weeks of intervention. Mean time to reach the target level was 4.2 ± 3.5 weeks in the verum group. Intake of verum also led to an increase over time of plasma folate. Conclusions: Preventive RBC folate concentration of more than 906 nmol/L can be reached within four weeks of supplementation with daily intake of 800 µg folic acid. With respect to NTD prevention, we suggest the re-evaluation of the current recommendation of folic acid supplementation.

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Heidari, Zoya, et Carlos Torres-Verdín. « Inversion-based method for estimating total organic carbon and porosity and for diagnosing mineral constituents from multiple well logs in shale-gas formations ». Interpretation 1, n^o 1 (1 août 2013) : T113—T123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2013-0014.1.

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Reliable estimates of petrophysical and compositional properties of organic shale are critical for detecting perforation zones or candidates for hydro-fracturing jobs. Current methods for in situ formation evaluation of organic shale largely rely on qualitative responses and empirical formulas. Even core measurements can be inconsistent and inaccurate when evaluating clay minerals and other grain constituents. We implement a recently introduced inversion-based method for organic-shale evaluation from conventional well logs. The objective is to estimate total porosity, total organic carbon (TOC), and volumetric/weight concentrations of mineral/fluid constituents. After detecting bed boundaries, the first step of the method is to perform separate inversion of individual well logs to estimate bed physical properties such as density, neutron migration length, electrical conductivity, photoelectric factor (PEF), and thorium, uranium , and potassium volumetric/weight concentrations. Next, a multilayer petrophysical model specific to organic shale is constructed with an initial guess obtained from conventional well-log interpretation or X-ray diffraction data; bed physical properties are calculated with the initial layer-by-layer values. Final estimates of organic shale petrophysical and compositional properties are obtained by progressively minimizing the difference between calculated and measured bed properties. A unique advantage of this method is the correction of shoulder-bed effects on well logs, which are prevalent in shale-gas plays. Another advantage is the explicit calculation of accurate well-log responses for specific petrophysical, mineral, fluid, and kerogen properties based on chemical formulas and volumetric concentrations of minerals/kerogen and fluid constituents. Examples are described of the successful application of the new organic-shale evaluation method in the Haynesville shale-gas formation. This formation includes complex solid compositions and thin beds where rapid depth variations of mineral/fluid constituents are commonplace. Comparison of estimates for total porosity, total water saturation, and TOC obtained with (a) commercial software for multimineral analysis, (b) our organic-shale evaluation method, and (c) core/X-ray diffraction measurements indicates a significant improvement in estimates of total porosity and water saturation yielded by our interpretation method. The estimated TOC is also in agreement with core laboratory measurements.

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Fraga, Edmundo, Ana Cuesta, Jesus Zea-Garcia, Angeles De la Torre, Armando Yáñez-Casal et Miguel Aranda. « Rietveld Quantitative Phase Analysis of Oil Well Cement : In Situ Hydration Study at 150 Bars and 150 °C ». Materials 12, n^o 12 (12 juin 2019) : 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121897.

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Oil and gas well cements are multimineral materials that hydrate under high pressure and temperature. Their overall reactivity at early ages is studied by a number of techniques including through the use of the consistometer. However, for a proper understanding of the performance of these cements in the field, the reactivity of every component, in real-world conditions, must be analysed. To date, in situ high energy synchrotron powder diffraction studies of hydrating oil well cement pastes have been carried out, but the quality of the data was not appropriated for Rietveld quantitative phase analyses. Therefore, the phase reactivities were followed by the inspection of the evolution of non-overlapped diffraction peaks. Very recently, we have developed a new cell specially designed to rotate under high pressure and temperature. Here, this spinning capillary cell is used for in situ studies of the hydration of a commercial oil well cement paste at 150 bars and 150 °C. The powder diffraction data were analysed by the Rietveld method to quantitatively determine the reactivities of each component phase. The reaction degree of alite was 90% after 7 h, and that of belite was 42% at 14 h. These analyses are accurate, as the in situ measured crystalline portlandite content at the end of the experiment, 12.9 wt%, compares relatively well with the value determined ex situ by thermal analysis, i.e., 14.0 wt%. The crystalline calcium silicates forming at 150 bars and 150 °C are also discussed.

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Kumar, Sunaj, Debarati Mishra, Soma Chatterjee, R. R. Tiwari et V. L. N. Avadhani. « Rock Physics Modeling of Gas Hydrate Reservoirs Through Integrated Core and Well-Log Data in NGHP-02 Area in KG Offshore Basin, India ». Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 63, n^o 2 (1 avril 2022) : 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv63n2-2022a6.

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Since gas hydrates are unconventional reservoirs, they pose unique challenges for identification, characterization, quantification, and extraction. The conventional approach—elastic logs—can provide a better method for identification through attribute analysis. On the other hand, geomechanical studies for wellbore stability analysis pave the way for the effective exploitation of gas hydrates. It is crucial to predict elastic logs against gas-hydrate-bearing sediments, which requires an effective rock physics model. In the present work, a study pertaining to the National Gas Hydrate Program-02 (NGHP-02) campaign in the Krishna‐Godavari (KG) Offshore Basin, India, where gas hydrates are deposited primarily in two facies—a shale-dominated shallower one and a sand-dominated deeper one that has been identified by responses of conventional and spectroscopy logs—is discussed. It is commonly known that depositional heterogeneity impacts petrophysical and elastic properties. To address this issue, an innovative approach has been adopted to model compressional and shear log data using rock physics modeling of gas hydrate reservoirs based on the depositional type of gas hydrate. Guidance from the change of compressional velocity data from log and core with an increase of gas hydrate saturation shows gas hydrate deposition in the study area can be explained through a matrix/grain-supported model. The Jason grain-supported rock physics model appeared best suited among different available rock physics models, depending on the clay volume and porosity in our study area. Using input from a robust multimineral petrophysical evaluation and rock physics modeling, the finalized model is propagated to test wells for predicting compressional, shear, and density logs, with the predicted data validated by core-measured compressional and shear data. Model consistency is indicated by a high correlation from multiwell crossplots of modeled and recorded elastic logs (compressional and shear velocity) with acoustic impedance. The developed rock physics model better discriminates gas hydrate in the shaly sand layer and gas hydrate in the sand-dominated layer, calcite, and shale in the VpVs domain.

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Fanani, Anhar Faisal, Nurul Fajrih et Wa Laili Salido. « Penggunaan Minyak Ikan dalam Ransum Ayam Kampung terhadap Profil Lemak Darah ». Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis 6, n^o 1 (7 février 2019) : 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jitro.v6i1.5572.

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ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi level penambahan minyak ikan lemuru dalam ransum ayam kampung terhadap profil lemak darah.Materi penelitian yang digunakan adalahayam kampung betina umur 24 minggu. Bahan pakan yang digunakan adalah minyak ikan lemuru, bekatul, jagung giling, bungkil kedelai, minyak sawit, tepung ikan, dan premix multi mineral dan vitamin. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah T0 = Penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 0%, T1 = Penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 2%, T2 = Penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 4%, T3 = Penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 6%. Parameter yang diamati adalah kolesterol total, kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) darah ayam kampung. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi yang dilanjutkan uji duncan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan minyak ikan lemuru pada level tertinggi berpengaruhnyata (P<0,05) terhadap kolesterol total, kadar HDL dan LDL darah.Kesimpulan penelitian adalah pemberian minyak ikan lemuru sampai 6% dapat digunakan dalam campuran pakan ayam kampung.Kata kunci: Profil lemak darah, ayam lokal, minyak ikan lemuruABSTRACTThe aimed of the study was to evaluate the level of addition lemuru fish oil in the ration of local chicken on the blood fat profile. The research materials used was female local chickens aged 24 weeks. The feed materials used are lemuru fish oil, rice bran, milled corn, soybean meal, palm oil, fish meal as well as multimineral and vitamin premix. The research method using a complete by randomized design. The treatments are given wereT0= lemuru fish oil as much as 0%, T1 = lemuru fish oil as much as 2%, T2 = lemuru fish oil as much as 4%, T3 = lemuru fish oil as much as 6%. The observed variables were total cholesterol, levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of local chicken blood. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and was continued with Duncan test. The results showed that the treatment with lemuru fish oil at the highest level had a significant effect (P<0.05) on total cholesterol, HDL levels, and LDL blood. The conclusion of the study is that the provision of lemuru fish oil up to 6% can be used in native chicken feed mix.Keywords: The blood fat profile, local chicken, lemuru fish oil

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Cavalleri, Chiara, Gerrit Brouwer, Dimas Kodri, David Rose et Jan-Bart Theodoor Brinks. « Maximizing the Value of Pulsed-Neutron Logs : A Complex Case Study of Gas Pressure Assessment Through Casing ». Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 61, n^o 6 (1 décembre 2020) : 610–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv61n6-2020a6.

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Casedhole logging for formation evaluation and input to determine the redevelopment potential of an oil producer with a challenging production history was conducted. This included an intelligent assessment of formation gas pressure through casing, which was later confirmed by perforating. The target reservoirs are Triassic sandstones drilled as a gas exploration prospect. Based on openhole log data, the prospect appeared to be oil bearing. The well has been producing oil for several years and is now a candidate for a gas cap blowdown. The presence of heterogeneous layers with varied rock quality and producibility indexes coupled to complexity in fluids distribution and zonal isolation issues complicates the development process and ability to optimize recovery from any contributing level. Recently, a new-generation casedhole formation evaluation tool that provides multiple independent formation property measurements was deployed to enhance knowledge of the formation parameters while describing the current gas and oil volumes. Sigma, neutron porosity, fast-neutron cross section (FNXS), and elemental concentrations, including total organic carbon from inelastic and capture spectroscopy, were simultaneously recorded. Because the well is highly deviated in the zones of interest, the tool was efficiently conveyed on wireline using tractor technology. The evaluation techniques used to study this rich set of data reveal several pieces of information that are essential to the petrophysicists and geologists, and to the reservoir and production engineers. A multimineral solver analysis guided by the prior knowledge of the rocks using cores from offset wells was conducted to quantify the porosity and gas-oil contact levels while giving access to detailed knowledge of matrix and rock composition for refining the reservoir models. Additionally, a novel method to determine gas pressure at the current time from the casedhole log measurements was applied to support reservoir management. The highly sensitive sigma, neutron porosity, and FNXS gas properties can be parameterized as a function of pressure and temperature if the formation and fluid properties are known. This is a well-established principle that can finally be applied independently and directly to multiple measurements. The computations are done independently and checked against each other for consistency and to support optimal parameter setting, in an iterative manner. This is particularly important in this scenario where the complexity of the wellbore environment and history of the well could have complicated the ability to achieve enough precision on the estimated pressures when coming from a single method or if modeling is required. The log results, with validation, and implications for the well redevelopment are presented together with a general discussion on the methodology and applicability based on this well experience. The importance of meticulous job preparation, prejob modeling, and data quality control is also highlighted. The information is key to defining the future well development management strategy and clarify the role that casedhole logging can play as part of the complete well evaluation process.

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Lopez-Cepero, Andrea, Roxana Torres, Augusto Elias, Milagros C. Rosal et Cristina Palacios. « Micronutrient Intake among Children in Puerto Rico : Dietary and Multivitamin-Multimineral Supplement Sources ». International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 85, n^o 5-6 (décembre 2015) : 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000252.

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Abstract. Background: Micronutrients are critical for healthy growth and development of children. Micronutrient intake from dietary sources is inadequate among some children and may be improved by use of multivitamin and multimineral (MVMM) supplements. Objective: To assess micronutrient intake from dietary and MVMM supplement sources among 12-year-old children in Puerto Rico. Methods: A representative sample of 732 children enrolled in an oral health study in Puerto Rico, who completed dietary and MVMM assessments through one 24-h recall, were included in this analysis. Micronutrient intake sources were described and compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using the Estimated Average Requirement when available (used Adequate Intake for vitamin K and pantothenic acid). Micronutrient profiles of MVMM users and non-users were compared using t-tests. Results: Mean intakes of vitamins A, D, E, and K, pantothenic acid, calcium, and magnesium from food and beverage sources were below the DRIs. From food and beverage sources, MVMM users had higher intakes of riboflavin and folate compared to non-users (p < 0.05). When MVMM supplements were taken into account, users had higher intakes of all nutrients except vitamin K. With the help of MVMM, users increased intake of vitamins E, A, D, and pantothenic acid to IOM-recommended levels but calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K remained below guidelines. Conclusion: Micronutrient intake from diet was below the IOM-recommended levels in the total sample. MVMM use improved intake of selected micronutrients and facilitated meeting recommendations for some nutrients. Public health measures to improve micronutrient intake among children in Puerto Rico are needed.

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Robert, M., M. Hardy et F. Elsass. « Crystallochemistry, properties and organization of soil clays derived from major sedimentary rocks in France ». Clay Minerals 26, n^o 3 (septembre 1991) : 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1991.026.3.09.

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AbstractThe nature, crystallochemistry, organization and surface properties of soil clays derived from the most representative sedimentary formations of France are described, using qualitative and quantitative mineralogical methods and high resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM). The main results show that soil clays differ significantly from reference clays. Even when 2:1 phyllosilicates are dominant, the clays always contain multimineral phases. The smectitic component is dioctahedral and of beidellite type. Soil clay organization is specific: all the clay particles have a short lateral extension and few layers (mean 5 layers, and even mono-layers occur). The superposition of such small particles leads to the formation of what are called “texturally interstratified minerals” which are dominant in soil clays. Exchange and surface properties (high ratio of external surface to total surface area), are related to clay organization.

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Gehring, A. U., et R. Karthein. « An ESR and calorimetric study of iron oolitic samples from the Northampton ironstone ». Clay Minerals 25, n^o 3 (septembre 1990) : 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1990.025.3.06.

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AbstractElectron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and calorimetric methods were used to characterize conversion processes in multimineral samples from the Northampton ironstone (NIS) at temperatures between 25°C and 800°C. The beginning of the thermal conversion processes can be determined by the formation of asymmetric ESR spectra with g ≈ 2 at 250°C. The breakdown of the berthierine structure between 250°C and 520°C is indicated by the disappearance of the hyperfine splitting in the Mn2+ spectrum and the formation of magnetite. The decomposition of siderite and calcite was found by calorimetric methods at 580°C and 700°C, respectively. The hematite formation between 550°C and 800°C is explained by the decomposition of siderite but also by the oxidation of previously formed magnetite. The occurrence of hematite as the dominant ferric oxide at 800°C signifies the end of the conversion process of the major mineral phases in the NIS samples.

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Bhalerao, Pramod P., et Chandrakant S. Waghmare. « Drug utilisation study in medicine outpatient department at Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari, Solapur, India ». International Journal of Basic & ; Clinical Pharmacology 8, n^o 8 (23 juillet 2019) : 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20193203.

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Background: Drug utilization studies are used to analyze different aspects of the use of drugs and to implement methods of improving therapeutic quality. This study was conducted to study drug prescription pattern in Medicine Outpatient Department (OPD) in Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari. Methods: Six hundred prescriptions were screened & analyzed as per the study parameters at Medicine OPD of Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari. Study parameters like demographic profile of the patient like age, sex and diagnosis were recorded. Doctor details and patient details like age, sex and address were analyzed. Also, groups of drugs commonly prescribed, number of drugs per patient, drug profile and drawbacks of prescription if any were recorded and analyzed.Results: Most common group of drugs prescribed by physicians were Analgesics (21.84%), followed by Drugs for Peptic ulcer (17.92%) and Multivitamins/multimineral (14.70%). The average number of drugs prescribed per patient was 2.38. The incidence of Polypharmacy was common occurrence and some prescriptions had small drawbacks like absence of diagnosis, absence of doctor’s signature, etc.Conclusions: Authors conclude that most of the prescriptions which were analyzed at Ashwini Rural Medical College Hospital, Kumbhari, were according to the standard norms of WHO prescriptions and also most of the drugs prescribed were from the list of essential drug list. But still there is scope for improvement in prescription pattern.

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Pillich, C., T. Bogdan, J. Landers, G. Wurm et H. Wende. « Drifting inwards in protoplanetary discs ». Astronomy & ; Astrophysics 652 (août 2021) : A106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140601.

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In previous laboratory experiments, we measured the temperature dependence of sticking forces between micrometer grains of chondritic composition. The data showed a decrease in surface energy by a factor ~5 with increasing temperature. Here, we focus on the effect of surface water on grains. Under ambient conditions in the laboratory, multiple water layers are present. At the low pressure of protoplanetary discs and for moderate temperatures, grains likely only hold a monolayer. As dust drifts inwards, even this monolayer eventually evaporates completely in higher temperature regions. To account for this, we measured the tensile strength for the same chondritic material as was prepared and measured under normal laboratory conditions in our previous work, but now introducing two new preparation methods: drying dust cylinders in air (dry samples), and heating dust pressed into cylinders in vacuum (super-dry samples). For all temperatures up to 1000 K, the data of the dry samples are consistent with a simple increase in the sticking force by a factor of ~10 over wet samples. Up to 900 K super-dry samples behave like dry samples. However, the sticking forces then exponentially increase up to another factor ~100 at about 1200 K. The increase in sticking from wet to dry extends a trend that is known for amorphous silicates to multimineral mixtures. The findings for super-dry dust imply that aggregate growth is boosted in a small spatial high-temperature region around 1200 K, which might be a sweet spot for planetesimal formation.

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Li, Nianqi, Li-Yun Fu, Jian Yang et Tongcheng Han. « On three-stage temperature dependence of elastic wave velocities for rocks ». Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 18, n^o 3 (juin 2021) : 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxab017.

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Abstract For most rocks, the typical temperature behavior of elastic wave velocities generally features a three-stage nonlinear characteristic that could be expressed by a reverse S-shape curve with two inflexion points. The mechanism regulating the slow-to-fast transition of elastic constants remains elusive. The physics of critical points seems related to the multimineral composition of rocks with differentiated thermodynamic properties. Based on laboratory experiments for several rocks with different levels of heterogeneity in compositions, we conduct theoretical and empirical simulations by nonlinear thermoelasticity methods and a S-shape model, respectively. The classical theory of linear thermoelasticity based on the Taylor expansion of strain energy functions has been widely used for crystals, but suffers from a deficiency in describing thermal-associated velocity variations for rocks as a polycrystal mixture. Current nonlinear thermoelasticity theory describes the third-order temperature dependence of velocity variations by incorporating the fourth-order elastic constants. It improves the description of temperature-induced three-stage velocity variations in rocks, but involves with some divergences around two inflexion points, especially at high temperatures. The S-shape model for empirical simulations demonstrates a more accurate depiction of thermal-associated three-stage variations of P-wave velocities. We investigate the physics of the parameters ${a_1}$ and ${b_1}$ in the S-shape model. These fitting parameters are closely related to thermophysical properties by being proportional to the specific heat and thermal conductivity of rocks. We discuss the mechanism that regulates the slow-to-fast transition in the three-stage nonlinear behavior for various rocks.

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Afsan, Mohammad, Muhammad Mahbubul Alam, Nushrat Noor et AH Hamid Ahmed. « Prescribing patterns of a garment medical centre in Bangladesh ». Update Dental College Journal 3, n^o 1 (17 février 2014) : 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v3i1.17978.

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Objectives: The aim of the study was to audit the prescription and dispensing pattern in a garment medical center to observe the rational use of drug. Irrational use of medicine is a global problem. Polypharmacy, injudicial use of antibiotics, unnecessary use of vitamins are commonly seen in Bangladesh. To find out the current status of the prescribing and dispensing practices and identify factors underlying irrational prescription writing in a Garment medical center for factory workers in Gajipur and to sensitize the future prescribers about the rational prescriptions, this study was carried out. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to analyze the patterns of prescriptions by using World Health Organization , WHO/INRUD- core drug prescribing indicators and some additional indices. Place and period of study: A total of 300 prescriptions of the patients (garment workers) who had attended in Hannan Textile and Garment Medical Centre, Board Bazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh in between January and November2008 were considered for analysis. Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.1 and no single drug was prescribed by generic name. Use of antibiotic (50% of encounters) was frequent. Only 50.75% drugs were prescribed from national essential drug list (EDL). Percentage of encounters with an antiulcerant, a NSAID and a multivitamin & multimineral prescribed were 41.67%, 46.67% and 23.67% respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed some of irrational practices like poly pharmacy, overuse of antibiotics and vitamins, no use of generic names, and less prescribed from essential drug list. It is suggested that the periodic evaluation of prescribing practices at the healthcare facilities should be done by proper involvement of physician, nurse and pharmacist for the rational use of medicine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v3i1.17978 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2013; 3 (1): 07-11

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Afsan, Mohammad, Muhammad Mahbubul Alam, Nushrat Noor, Abul Kalam Mohyammad Yousuf et MM Ekramul Haque. « Audit of Typical Prescription Format Among the Prescribers of a Garment Medical Centre in Bangladesh ». Update Dental College Journal 1, n^o 2 (28 février 2013) : 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13979.

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Objective: To audit the typical prescription or general format according to WHO guidelines for good prescription writing.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted after collecting data from medical records to observe standard of prescriptions and identify factors underlying inappropriate prescription writing.Place and period of study: A total of 300 prescriptions of the patients (garment workers) who had attended in Hannan Textile and Garment Medical Centre, Board Bazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh in between January and November2008 were considered for analysis. Results: Audit of the prescription pattern revealed that most of the prescriptions did not conform to the pattern of a typical prescription. The patients identity was mentioned in all prescriptions (100%). Date of the prescription and superscription symbol (Rx) were also mentioned in all prescriptions (100%). Inscription which includes name of the drug, dosage form and total amount of medication prescribed was mentioned in all prescriptions (100%) but dose and duration of treatment were mentioned in 66% and 70% prescriptions respectively. In this study, about 91.67% instructions to the pharmacist and 50% special instructions to the patient regarding the dosage form and total amount to be dispensed were found adequately. Almost 100% of the prescriptions adequately mentioned the dosage schedules and also precautions/warnings about the drug therapy. Almost 100% of the prescriptions were signed by the doctors mentioning their full name, address with qualification and registration number. But telephone/mobile number of the doctors was not found in all prescriptions (100%). Most common diagnosis among garment workers was ARI (19.33%). Most commonly prescribed group of drug was antiulcerent (17.13%) and most commonly prescribed antibiotic was amoxicillin (13.67%). Most of the drugs were prescribed in oral form (97.77%). No single drug interaction (0%) was found in any prescription. The fixed dose-drug combinations (FDCs) accounted for 67% drugs prescribed. The most commonly FDC was multivitamin and multimineral which was not included in essential medicine list (EML).Conclusion: Large numbers of prescriptions did not conform to ideal pattern and lack in their rationality. This study revealed a lot of scope for educating the prescribers to improve prescribing practices.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13979 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 07-12

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Pacheva, Iliyana, et Ivan Ivanov. « Targeted Biomedical Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders ». Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, n^o 41 (8 janvier 2020) : 4430–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666191205091312.

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Background: A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represents presentations with impairment in communication and behaviour that vary considerably in their clinical manifestations and etiology as well as in their likely pathophysiology. A growing body of data indicates that the deleterious effect of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation, as well as their interconnections are important aspects of the pathophysiology of ASD. Glutathione deficiency decreases the mitochondrial protection against oxidants and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; immune dysregulation and inflammation inhibit mitochondrial function through TNF-α; autoantibodies against the folate receptors underpin cerebral folate deficiency, resulting in disturbed methylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Such pathophysiological processes can arise from environmental and epigenetic factors as well as their combined interactions, such as environmental toxicant exposures in individuals with (epi)genetically impaired detoxification. The emerging evidence on biochemical alterations in ASD is forming the basis for treatments aimed to target its biological underpinnings, which is of some importance, given the uncertain and slow effects of the various educational interventions most commonly used. Methods: Literature-based review of the biomedical treatment options for ASD that are derived from established pathophysiological processes. Results: Most proposed biomedical treatments show significant clinical utility only in ASD subgroups, with specified pre-treatment biomarkers that are ameliorated by the specified treatment. For example, folinic acid supplementation has positive effects in ASD patients with identified folate receptor autoantibodies, whilst the clinical utility of methylcobalamine is apparent in ASD patients with impaired methylation capacity. Mitochondrial modulating cofactors should be considered when mitochondrial dysfunction is evident, although further research is required to identify the most appropriate single or combined treatment. Multivitamins/multiminerals formulas, as well as biotin, seem appropriate following the identification of metabolic abnormalities, with doses tapered to individual requirements. A promising area, requiring further investigations, is the utilization of antipurinergic therapies, such as low dose suramin. Conclusion: The assessment and identification of relevant physiological alterations and targeted intervention are more likely to produce positive treatment outcomes. As such, current evidence indicates the utility of an approach based on personalized and evidence-based medicine, rather than treatment targeted to all that may not always be beneficial (primum non nocere).

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Kurniasari, Yulinda, Siti Madanijah et Mira Dewi. « Multiple micronutrients supplementation (sprinkles) increased energy and nutrient intake of children aged 1-3 years ». Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) 6, n^o 1 (10 janvier 2019) : 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2018.6(1).7-13.

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ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Usia balita merupakan periode emas (golden periods) dalam proses tumbuh kembang sehingga asupan zat gizi makro dan zat gizi mikro sangat dibutuhkan. Taburia merupakan bubuk multivitamin dan multimineral yang dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan zat gizi mikro anak dan mengatasi permasalahan kekurangan gizi mikro. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian Taburia terhadap perubahan asupan energi dan zat gizi anak usia 1-3 tahun. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah quasi experimental study dengan pretest postest control group design, dilakukan pada bulan Januari–Juli 2012 di wilayah Puskesmas Banjar Serasan Kecamatan Pontianak Timur sebagai wilayah intervensi dan di wilayah Puskesmas Tambelan Sampit Kecamatan Pontianak Timur sebagai wilayah kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada 85 anak, terdiri dari 45 sampel dalam kelompok intervensi dan 40 sampel dalam kelompok kontrol yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Uji beda pada karakteristik dianalisis dengan chi-square. Uji beda rata-rata perubahan asupan energi dan zat gizi antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan uji independent samples t-test. Asupan energi dan zat gizi pretest dan post test dalam satu kelompok dianalisis menggunakan paired samples t-test. Hasil: Hasil uji t-test terhadap rata-rata asupan energi dan zat gizi antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan adanya perbedaan secara bermakna, kecuali vitamin B12 (p<0,05). Rata-rata asupan energi dan zat gizi pretest dan post test setelah dua bulan intervensi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Pemberian Taburia menghasilkan pengaruh positif berupa peningkatan rata-rata asupan energi dan zat gizi. Peningkatan asupan energi secara statistik menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok. KATA KUNCI: anak usia 1-3 tahun, zat gizi mikro, sprinkle, suplementasi, Taburia ABSTRACT Background: Children under-five is the golden period in the process of child growth, therefore the macronutrient and micronutrient intake are needed. Taburia is a multiple micronutrients supplementation (sprinkles) that is intended to supply the multiple micronutrients needs of the child and resolve the micronutrient deficiencies problems of children. Objectives: To analyze the effect of Taburia intervention on the energy and nutrient intake of children under three years old. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to examine children’s energy and nutrient intake at baseline, one month, and two months after the Taburia supplementation. The study was carried out from January-July 2012 at community Health Centers Banjar Serasan as an intervention area and Community Health Centers of Tambelan Sampit as a control area. Data was collected on 85 children, consisting of 45 subjects of the intervention group and 40 subjects of the control group, selected by purposive sampling. Characteristic variables were analyzed by chi-square. Intake of energy and nutrients between the intervention group and the control group were analyzed using independent samples t-test. The average of energy and nutrients intake between pre-test and post-test in one group were analyzed using paired samples t-test. Results: Intake of energy and nutrients between the two groups showed significant differences, except for vitamin B12 (p<0.05). Intake of energy and nutrients between pre-test and post-test after two months of intervention showed a significant improvement (p<0.05). Conclusion: The multiple micronutrients intervention has a positive impact on increasing energy and nutrients intake. KEYWORDS: children, multiple micronutrient, sprinkle, supplementation, Taburia

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Cheng, Liwei, Ge Jin, Reinaldo Michelena et Ali Tura. « Practical Bayesian Inversions for Rock Composition and Petrophysical Endpoints in Multimineral Analysis ». SPE Reservoir Evaluation & ; Engineering, 1 juin 2022, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210576-pa.

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Summary Rock composition can be related to conventional well logs through theoretical equations and petrophysical endpoints. Multimineral analysis is a formation evaluation tool that uses inversions to quantify rock composition from well logs. However, because of data errors and the multivariate selection of petrophysical endpoints, solutions from the multimineral analysis are nonunique. Many plausible realizations exhibit comparable data misfits. Therefore, the uncertainties in rock composition and petrophysical endpoints must be quantified but cannot be fulfilled by deterministic solvers. Stochastic Bayesian methods have been applied to assess the uncertainties, but the high run time, tedious parameter tuning, and need for specific prior information hinder their practical use. We implement Markov chain Monte Carlo with ensemble samplers (MCMCES) to assess the uncertainties of rock composition or petrophysical endpoints in the Bayesian framework. The resultant posterior probability density functions (PDFs) quantify the uncertainties. Our method has fewer tuning parameters and is more efficient in convergence than the conventional random walk Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods in high-dimensional problems. We present two independent applications of MCMCES in multimineral analysis. We first apply MCMCES to assess the uncertainties in volume fractions with a suite of well logs and petrophysical endpoints. However, defining the petrophysical endpoints can be challenging in complex geological settings because the values of standard endpoints may not be optimal. Next, we use MCMCES to estimate petrophysical endpoints’ posterior PDFs when the endpoints are uncertain. Our methods provide posterior volume-fraction or petrophysical-endpoint realizations for interpreters to evaluate multimineral solutions. We demonstrate our approach with synthetic and field examples. Reproducible results are supplemented with the paper.

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Sumit A. Shinde, Dr. Abhijeet S. Kulkarni, Ashvini N. Chavan, Sourabh V. Pawar, Sourabh S. Patil, Samruddhi C. Khandagale et Vinayak T. Mali. « Separation and Validation of Manganese in Various Multimineral Formulations by using UV Spectrum Technique ». International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 5 novembre 2022, 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst229623.

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Manganese is necessary for the proper function body containing enzyme & the necessary small size nutrient for the function of the brain, nervous systems or normal growth. It optimizes enzyme and membrane transport function. It plays an role in the plants respiratory process such as oxidation of carbohydrate to CO2 and H2O. This process is catalysed by enzyme which activated by manganese. The deficiency of manganese has been observed main with vitamin deficiency, similar to other essential metal both excess on deficiency of manganese in the bad cause serious impairment of vital physiological and biochemical process. Lot of time and resources are used to separation and identification of manganese. The most of case Manganese are separate by using atomic absorption spectroscopy & radio analytical process. The costly and time-consuming method are difficult in all formulation are separate manganese. We are developing a new method are very accurate and reproducible result at wavelength 525nm in UV spectrophotometer. Oral solution, Tablets, Capsule formulation was separated and identified in same method. Potassium meta iodate are catalyst in colorimetric reaction used manganese detection. That type methods first choice to upcoming research of method development in analytical R&D.

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A, Ghone Rahul, Bhagat Sonali S, Bhagat Sonali S et Karnik AC. « ATTENUATION OF IRON OVERLOAD AND EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS SUPPLEMENTATION ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HOMOZYGOUS β-THALASSEMIA ». International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 29 avril 2020, 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31878/ijcbr.2020.62.06.

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It has been projected that ferritin and iron yoke in homozygous thalassemic children is coupled with the enhanced free radical formation and blemished in antioxidative defense coordination. Aim: The purpose of the current study was to analyze the consequence of serum iron, erythrocyte catalase, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (ESOD) in patients with beta-thalassemia major. Method: 60 beta-thalassemia major patients were studied before and after supplementation of A – Z antioxidants for 20 weeks, and status were compared with 60 age and sex-matched healthy normal. Serum Iron estimation was carried out by Ramsay’s Dipyridyl Method. Estimation of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase was done by Kajari Das Method. The levels of Catalase concentration in erythrocytes were analyzed by the Goth method. All the objectives mentioned above were run by using a UV visible Spectrophotometer (Systronix). Results: A marked enhancement was seen in the intensity of serum iron, and superoxide dismutase (p<0.001) with parallel decline was observed in the level of erythrocyte catalase (p<0.001) in homozygous thalassemia patients when compared with healthy subjects. After 20 weeks of regular supplementation of antioxidants A-Z syrup, which consists of multimineral multivitamins, the concentration of catalase was increased whereas iron and ESOD (p<0.001) were reduced significantly when compared with normal and baselines thalassemic patients. Conclusion: Due to multiple blood transfusions, beta-thalassemia major children are at advanced risk due to secondary iron surplus and intense oxidative stress. Such kind of circumstances may be handled with supplementation of antioxidants A-Z syrup with their regular treatment.

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Dash, Sabyasachi, Artur Posenato Garcia et Zoya Heidari. « A New Workflow for Improved Resistivity-Based Water Saturation Assessment in Organic-Rich Mudrocks : Application to Haynesville, Eagle Ford, and Woodford Formations ». SPE Reservoir Evaluation & ; Engineering, 1 février 2023, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214656-pa.

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Summary Reliable fluid saturation assessment in organic-rich mudrocks has been a challenge for the oil and gas industry. The composition and spatial distribution of rock components have a significant impact on electrical resistivity and, thus, on hydrocarbon reserves estimates. Clays are typically considered, in resistivity models, to be distributed in laminated or dispersed forms. Additionally, conventional resistivity models do not incorporate conductive components other than brine. Such assumptions can lead to uncertainty in fluid saturation assessment in organic-rich mudrocks. We introduce a well-log-based workflow that quantitatively assimilates the type and spatial distribution of all conductive components to improve reserves evaluation in organic-rich mudrocks and demonstrate its field application in the Eagle Ford, the Woodford, and the Haynesville formations. The introduced workflow consists of an inversion algorithm to estimate geometry-dependent parameters (depolarization factors or geometric model parameters) and water saturation. Inputs to the inversion algorithms include volume concentrations of minerals, estimated from the multimineral analysis. Other inputs are conductivity of rock components and porosity obtained from laboratory experiments and interpretation of well logs. The petrophysical model considers that brine forms the conductive background to which conductive (e.g., clay, pyrite, and kerogen) and nonconductive (e.g., grains and hydrocarbon) components are incorporated. The assumed/estimated petrophysical properties have an impact on the effective conductivity of the rock and thereby can impact the performance of the new resistivity-based method. We applied the new method to different organic-rich mudrock formations to test the universal nature of the method and its efficacy in organic-rich mudrock reservoirs with varying volumetric concentrations of minerals within the rock. We successfully applied the workflow to four wells in the Eagle Ford, the Woodford, and the Haynesville formations. The formation-by-formation inversion showed a variation in geometric model parameters in different petrophysical zones, resulting in improved water saturation estimates. A comparison of the results obtained from the new workflow against those from the Waxman-Smits and Archie models indicated a relative improvement in saturation estimates of 9.5 and 26.3% in the Eagle Ford formation. Similar improvements were noted in the Woodford and the Haynesville formations as well. The improvement can be enhanced in formations with larger fractions of conductive components. The results confirmed that the new workflow improves the reliability of water saturation estimates in organic-rich mudrocks, which has been a challenge for the oil and gas industry. In contrast to conventional techniques, the new method does not need water saturation obtained from core measurements for calibration efforts. All the parameters in the new workflow are geometry- or physics-based. We verified that formation-based geometric model parameters in the Eagle Ford formation were consistent in both wells, which is promising for calibration-free assessment of water/hydrocarbon saturation in the field-scale domain using electrical resistivity measurements. The new method minimizes the need for expensive and time-consuming core measurements of water saturation, which is a unique contribution of this work. Finally, the new workflow is physics-based and incorporates the volumetric concentration and electrical conductivity of all rock components. This enables the introduced workflow to be applied to different formations with ease for improved assessment of water saturation.

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Korchin, Vladimir I., et Tatyana Ya Korchina. « Occupation and Psychophysiological Status of the Male Population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area ». ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT, juin 2022, 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-6-52-58.

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Introduction: The progressively growing road traffic intensity leads to a steady increase in the informational, emotional and psychological burden in drivers. Truck drivers are exposed to numerous occupational risk factors, including hard labor, constant psychological stress, vibration, noise, a fixed working position, poor visibility, and excess concentrations of noxious gases, all affecting their psychophysiological status. Objective: To study the relationship between professional work and characteristics of the psychophysiological status of the male population of the northern region and to establish the presence and strength of correlations between their elemental and psychoemotional status. Materials and methods: We assessed the psychoemotional status of 182 men aged 32.6 ± 6.2 years, including 94 truck drivers and 88 office workers, living in three northern cities of the Russian Federation. We also established their blood and urinary levels of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) using enzyme immunoassay and measured hair magnesium and potassium levels using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: We observed that the professional drivers of the northern region were more susceptible to psychological stress (p = 0.042…0.001), had higher levels of stress hormones (cortisol and adrenaline) in blood (p = 0.049…0.005) and urine (p = 0.004…0.003), but lower hair levels of magnesium and potassium, the trace elements essential for mental health (p = 0.004…0.003), than male office workers. The correlation analysis of the above parameters proved that psychological stress of the truck drivers was attributed to magnesium and potassium deficiency (r = -0.475…—0.601) and a high level of stress hormones (r = –0.514…–0.828). Conclusion: In order to stabilize emotional and psychological status and to improve the performance, physical health, and the quality of life of professional drivers, it is important to correct their micronutrient status using multivitamin/multimineral supplements and enriched foods.

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Protano, C., A. De Giorgi, F. Valeriani, F. Gallè, G. Liguori, VR Spica et M. Vitali. « Dietary supplements intake among youth : preliminary results of a multicentric survey ». European Journal of Public Health 32, Supplement_3 (1 octobre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.230.

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Abstract Background In the last decades, a wide spread of dietary supplements (DSs) has been observed worldwide. However, DS use is not always motivated by real nutritional needs. In this context, commercial strategies and peers’ suggestions seem to play an important role in determining this habit, with harmful effects on consumers’ health. This cross-sectional study was aimed to evaluate the DS consumption patterns among a sample of undergraduate students attending 14 Italian universities. Methods An anonymous web questionnaire was used to collect information about DS use and consumption habits, related motivations and possible adverse effects. The survey is still ongoing and its conclusion is expected to be on May 2022. Results On a total of 2019 participants enrolled so far (69.7% female, mean age 22.8±4.7), 72.6% reported the use of at least a DS in the last six months. Multivitamin and multimineral products were the most used, being reported by 35.8% of the participants, while caffeinated energy supplements were the less reported (2.0%). The main reason for DS use was to deal with a specific deficiency following a physician or nutritionist indication (47.8%). The 3.4% of participants reported the occurrence of negative outcomes, mainly gastrointestinal disorders (74%). Conclusions These preliminary results evidenced a wide use of DSs in the studied population. Although the main motivation was a nutritional need with a medical recommendation, a notable proportion of the sample assumed DSs without any specific prescription. Thus, it is essential to increase the knowledge about DSs and related threats deriving from their inappropriate use in the population, especially among youths. Further analysis will allow to identify possible correlations with socio-demographic and behavioural variables. Key messages • It is essential to increase the knowledge about dietary supplements to avoid an inappropriate use in the population. • Youths are the most exposed to this consumption.

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Sesso, Howard D., Pamela M. Rist, Aaron K. Aragaki, Susanne Rautiainen, Lisa G. Johnson, Georgina Friedenberg, Trisha Copeland et al. « Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease : the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial ». American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 16 mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac056.

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ABSTRACT Background Although older adults commonly take multivitamin-multimineral (MVM) supplements to promote health, evidence on the use of daily MVMs on invasive cancer is limited. Objectives The study objective was to determine if a daily MVM decreases total invasive cancer among older adults. Methods We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-by-2 factorial trial of a daily MVM and cocoa extract for prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among 21,442 US adults (12,666 women aged ≥65 y and 8776 men aged ≥60 y) free of major CVD and recently diagnosed cancer. The intervention phase was from June 2015 through December 2020. This article reports on the MVM intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to daily MVM or placebo. The primary outcome was total invasive cancer, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer. Secondary outcomes included major site-specific cancers, total CVD, all-cause mortality, and total cancer risk among those with a baseline history of cancer. Results During a median follow-up of 3.6 y, invasive cancer occurred in 518 participants in the MVM group and 535 participants in the placebo group (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.09; P = 0.57). We observed no significant effect of a daily MVM on breast cancer (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.42) or colorectal cancer (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.80, 2.12). We observed a protective effect of a daily MVM on lung cancer (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.92). The composite CVD outcome occurred in 429 participants in the MVM group and 437 participants in the placebo group (HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.12). MVM use did not significantly affect all-cause mortality (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.08). There were no safety concerns. Conclusions A daily MVM supplement, compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce the incidence of total cancer among older men and women. Future studies are needed to determine the effects of MVMs on other aging-related outcomes among older adults. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02422745.

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Lamas, Gervasio A., Erminia Guarneri, Daniel B. Mark, Robin Boineau, Ryan Bradley, Christine Goertz, Yves Rosenberg et al. « Abstract 10476 : Effect of High-dose Oral Multi-vitamins and Minerals in Patients Not Treated With Statins in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy ». Circulation 132, suppl_3 (10 novembre 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.10476.

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Introduction: Trials of conventional dose vitamin therapy have been largely negative for coronary prevention. TACT studied an ultra-high dose regimen of oral multivitamins and multiminerals (MVM) in post-MI patients. Patients off statins were a pre-specified subgroup. Methods: 1708 patients were randomized in a double-blind factorial trial, to EDTA-based chelation or placebo, and oral MVM or oral placebo. MVM consisted of a 28-component mixture (or placebo), taken as 3 caplets twice daily throughout the 5 year study participation. To our knowledge, the oral antioxidant doses are the highest tested in a clinical trial. The primary endpoint was total mortality, recurrent MI, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for angina. The results of oral vitamins versus placebo were not significant [HR (95%CI) 0.89 (0.75,1.07), p=0.212]. However, the pre-specified subgroup of patients not taking statins demonstrated an interaction with MVM (p=0.012). Both unadjusted analyses and comparisons adjusted for baseline prognostic factors were performed. Results: There were 460 (27%) (MVM: 224, placebo: 236) TACT participants not taking statins at baseline. Common reasons were: patient refusal 32%, physician preference 28%, and other 23%. Median duration of MVM therapy was 31 months (IQR 13-59 months).76% of patients completed one full year on vitamins, while 48% completed all 5 years. MVM patients had a 38% reduction in the primary composite endpoint compared with placebo (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.44-0.87, p=0.006, FIGURE). Adjusted analyses reduced the significance of the findings without materially changing the HR (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.96, p=0.03). In patients taking statins, there was no beneficial effect of MVM (p=0.774). Conclusion: The present analyses cannot exclude a beneficial effect of MVM treatment for post-MI patients not taking statins. This unexpected result deserves confirmatory testing since it could be quite useful in practice if correct.

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