Articles de revues : « Multi-Tier Supply Chain »

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Gong, Yu, Fu Jia, Steve Brown et Lenny Koh. « Supply chain learning of sustainability in multi-tier supply chains ». International Journal of Operations & ; Production Management 38, n^o 4 (3 avril 2018) : 1061–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-05-2017-0306.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how multinational corporations (MNCs) orchestrate internal and external resources to help their multi-tier supply chains learn sustainability-related knowledge. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory multiple case study approach was adopted and three MNCs’ sustainable initiatives in China were examined. The data were primarily collected through 43 semi-structured interviews with managers of focal companies and their multi-tier suppliers. Findings The authors found that in order to facilitate their supply chains to learn sustainability, MNCs tend to orchestrate in breadth by internally setting up new functional departments and externally working with third parties, and orchestrate in depth working directly with their extreme upstream suppliers adopting varied governance mechanisms on lower-tier suppliers along the project lifecycle. The resource orchestration in breadth and depth and along the project lifecycle results in changes of supply chain structure. Practical implications The proposed conceptual model provides an overall framework for companies to design and implement their multi-tier sustainable initiatives. Companies could learn from the suggested learning stages and the best practices of case companies. Originality/value The authors extend and enrich resource orchestration perspective (ROP), which is internally focused, to a supply chain level, and answer a theoretical question of how MNCs orchestrate their internal and external resources to help their supply chains to learn sustainability. The extension of ROP refutes the resource dependence theory, which adopts a passive approach of relying on external suppliers and proposes that MNCs should proactively work with internal and external stakeholders to learn sustainability.

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M. Tachizawa, Elcio, et Chee Yew Wong. « Towards a theory of multi-tier sustainable supply chains : a systematic literature review ». Supply Chain Management : An International Journal 19, n^o 5/6 (2 septembre 2014) : 643–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-02-2014-0070.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive framework that synthesizes approaches and contingency variables to manage the sustainability of multi-tier supply chains and sub-suppliers. Design/methodology/approach – Using a systematic literature review, the authors analyse 39 studies and relevant theories to develop a comprehensive framework that integrates research efforts so far. Findings – The authors build a conceptual framework that incorporates four approaches to manage the sustainability of multi-tier supply chains. They also identify several contingency variables (e.g. power, dependency, distance, industry, knowledge resources) and their effect on the proposed approaches. Research limitations/implications – Based on the framework, six research propositions that advance the theories on multi-tier supply chain management, allow lead firms to develop comprehensive sustainable supply chain strategies and set the ground for future research in the area were developed. Originality/value – This study provides a novel framework for studying sustainability in multi-tier supply chains that goes beyond the single-tier perspective and incorporates the extended supply chain.

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Wang-Mlynek, Liyuan, et Kai Foerstl. « Barriers to multi-tier supply chain risk management ». International Journal of Logistics Management 31, n^o 3 (6 août 2020) : 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-09-2019-0256.

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PurposeMulti-tier supply chain risk management (MSCRM) is an evolving and dynamic field, as any defaults or glitches in supply chains can potentially harm the efficiency and competitiveness of the entire supply chain. This study aims to investigate barriers to MSCRM in the automotive and civil aircraft industries.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts an inductive case study research design. The case analysis includes two parts. First, the within-case analysis develops case profiles and identifies critical categories. Second, the cross-case analysis compares MSCRM patterns across the cases.FindingsThis study argues that narrow information sharing and communication covering only the immediate supply chain partners obstruct the efficiency of MSCRM. Similarly, high dependency on strategic alliances with suppliers hinders efficient MSCRM. Additionally, relying on information and communication technologies (ICT) increases companies' exposure to risks and poses another barrier to efficient MSCRM.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research should be pursued to expand generalizability and test the validity of the findings using other forms of data collection and methodologies, such as large-scale surveys, experiments or secondary data across different sectors and typical supply networks.Practical implicationsThis study provides empirical evidence on the obstacles faced by companies during the process of MSCRM. These findings can guide practitioners in developing initiatives to overcome these challenges.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to investigate the barriers to MSCRM in the automotive and civil aircraft industries using in-depth case studies across three tiers of the supply chain.

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Fraser, Iain J., Martin Müller et Julia Schwarzkopf. « Transparency for Multi-Tier Sustainable Supply Chain Management : A Case Study of a Multi-tier Transparency Approach for SSCM in the Automotive Industry ». Sustainability 12, n^o 5 (28 février 2020) : 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051814.

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Sustainability in supply chain management (SSCM) has become established in both academia and increasingly in practice. As stakeholders continue to require focal companies (FCs) to take more responsibility for their entire supply chains (SCs), this has led to the development of multi-tier SSCM (MT-SSCM). Much extant research has focused on simple supply chains from certain industries. Recently, a comprehensive traceability for sustainability (TfS) framework has been proposed, which outlines how companies could achieve MT-SSCM through traceability. Our research builds on this and responds to calls for cases from the automotive industry by abductively analysing a multi-tier supply chain (MT-SC) transparency case study. This research analyses a raw material SC that is particularly renowned for sustainability problems—the cobalt supply chain for electric vehicles—and finds that the extant literature has oversimplified the operationalisation of transparency in MT-SSCM. We compare the supply chain maps of the MT-SC before and after an auditing and mapping project to demonstrate the transparency achieved. Our findings identify challenges to the operationalisation of SC transparency and we outline how FCs might set to increase MT-SC transparency for sustainability.

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Nath, Shobod Deba, et Gabriel Eweje. « Inside the multi-tier supply firm : exploring responses to institutional pressures and challenges for sustainable supply management ». International Journal of Operations & ; Production Management 41, n^o 6 (15 juillet 2021) : 908–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-09-2020-0651.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how multi-tier suppliers respond to the institutional pressures for the implementation of sustainable supply management (SSM) practices in supply chains, and what institutional logics allow them to do so.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a qualitative research design, drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with 46 owners and managers of multi-tier suppliers and 18 key informants of diverse stakeholders. Following an abductive approach, institutional theory conceptually guides the analytical iteration processes between theory and interview data.FindingsThe findings demonstrate two kinds of thematic responses to institutional pressures – coupling (good side) and decoupling (dark side) of the supply chain – used by the factory management of multi-tier suppliers. This paper also identifies multiple institutional logics – market-led logic, values-led logic and holistic sustainability logic – that are perceived to conflict (trade-offs) and complement (synergies) the SSM implementation.Research limitations/implicationsBy investigating the perspectives of the factory management of upstream apparel suppliers, this study enhances the understanding of the connection between (de)coupling responses and institutional logics inside the multi-tier supplier firms. Further research would be required to include more downstream tiers including the ultimate users.Practical implicationsThe findings may be of particular attention to brand-owning apparel retailers, industry leaders and policymakers who are seeking to understand multi-tier suppliers' challenges, conflicts and (de)coupling responses, and become aware of how they can be dealt with.Originality/valueThis study contributes to and expands the embryonic research stream of sustainable multi-tier supply chain management by connecting it to the wider application of institutional theory.

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Jia, Fu, Yu Gong et Steve Brown. « Multi-tier sustainable supply chain management : The role of supply chain leadership ». International Journal of Production Economics 217 (novembre 2019) : 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.07.022.

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Karaer, Özgen, Tim Kraft et Pınar Yalçın. « Supplier development in a multi-tier supply chain ». IISE Transactions 52, n^o 4 (16 octobre 2019) : 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2019.1659523.

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Sarkis, Joseph, Ernesto DR Santibanez Gonzalez et S. C. Lenny Koh. « Effective multi-tier supply chain management for sustainability ». International Journal of Production Economics 217 (novembre 2019) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.09.014.

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Kembro, Joakim, et Kostas Selviaridis. « Exploring information sharing in the extended supply chain : an interdependence perspective ». Supply Chain Management : An International Journal 20, n^o 4 (8 juin 2015) : 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-07-2014-0252.

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Purpose – This paper aims to empirically explore demand-related information sharing in the extended supply chain. Design/methodology/approach – Through a single, embedded case design, a range of methods are used to collect data from companies representing three different supply chain tiers, including focal company, first-tier suppliers and first-tier customers. The collected data are analysed through the theoretical lens of interdependence. Findings – The findings indicate that the supply chain actors adapt information sharing to the pooled, serial or reciprocal type of interdependence. Information sharing is thus increased with key dyadic partners representing, for example, unique offerings and high market shares as percentage of total expenditure/sales. The study also unearths several barriers to information sharing beyond dyadic ties, including problems related to dis-aggregated, misinterpreted and/or incomplete information. Research limitations/implications – The study empirically contributes to the existing literature by exploring information sharing in the extended supply chain and by suggesting different approaches to information sharing depending on the type and intensity of interdependence between supply chain partners. Further, the paper contributes to the existing literature on barriers of information sharing in supply chains by identifying barriers specific to multi-tier information sharing. “Meta-information” (i.e. information about the shared information) is needed to overcome some of the barriers of sharing information in cases of weak, pooled interdependencies in the supply chain. Practical implications – Similar to previous empirical research, this exploratory study indicates that companies, in general, refrain from sharing information beyond dyadic ties. Supply chain managers would instead mostly focus on stronger, reciprocal interdependencies and emphasise dyadic information sharing. To further guide managers, a demand profiling framework considering market share and demand uncertainty is presented. It may be interesting to engage in multi-tier information sharing in particular cases where strong interdependence exists between three or more partners. Originality/value – This study contributes to existing research on information sharing in supply chains by empirically studying information sharing in an extended supply chain, applying interdependence theory as its analytical framework and unearthing several barriers that are specific to multi-tier information sharing.

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Young, Steven, Shannon Fernandes et Michael Wood. « Jumping the Chain : How Downstream Manufacturers Engage with Deep Suppliers of Conflict Minerals ». Resources 8, n^o 1 (26 janvier 2019) : 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8010026.

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Global manufacturing firms are engaging distant suppliers of critical raw materials to participate in responsible sourcing. Downstream firms are concerned about risks in mineral supply chains of violent conflict, human rights violations, and poor governance, but they are limited in seeing their suppliers. Descriptive data on 323 smelters and refiners of tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold (the “conflict minerals”) were complemented by interviews with downstream firms in the electronics industry. Results provided a narrative of supplier engagement, describing tactics used to identify “deep suppliers” at chokepoints in metals supply and to persuade producers into joining due diligence programs. Top-tier firms collaborate through a standards program to overcame barriers of geography and cultural distance in supply chain management beyond the visible horizon. Curiously, manufacturers do not need line-of-sight transparency to lower-tier suppliers. Rather, top-tier firms are “jumping the chain” to engage directly with “deep suppliers” who may—or may not—be their own actual physical suppliers. The research contributes empirical evidence to understanding multi-tier supply chains, examines how power is exercised by top-tier firms managing suppliers, and provides insights on supply chain transparency. Responsible sourcing, based on due diligence guidance and standards, is becoming expected of companies that are involved in supply chains of raw materials.

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Sirilertsuwan, Petchprakai, Sébastien Thomassey et Xianyi Zeng. « A Strategic Location Decision-Making Approach for Multi-Tier Supply Chain Sustainability ». Sustainability 12, n^o 20 (10 octobre 2020) : 8340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208340.

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Few studies on supply location decisions focus on enhancing triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability in supply chains; they rarely employ objective quantifiable measurements which help ensure consistent and transparent decisions or reveal relationships between business and environmental trade-off criteria. Therefore, we propose a decision-making approach for objectively selecting multi-tier supply locations based on cost and carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) from manufacturing, logistics, and sustainability-assurance activities, including certificate implementation, sample-checking, living wage and social security payments, and factory visits. Existing studies and practices, logic models, activity-based costing, and feedback from an application and experts help develop the approach. The approach helps users in location decisions and long-term supply chain planning by revealing relationships among factors, TBL sustainability, and potential risks. This approach also helps users evaluate whether supplier prices are too low to create environmental and social compliance. Its application demonstrates potential and flexibility in revealing both lowest- and optimized-cost and CO2e supply chains, under various contexts and constraints, for different markets. Very low cost/CO2e supply chains have proximity between supply chain stages and clean manufacturing energy. Considering sustainability-assurance activities differentiates our approach from existing studies, as the activities significantly impact supply chain cost and CO2e in low manufacturing unit scenarios.

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Abbasi, Muhammad Nauman, Nadir Munir et Javaria Abbas. « Theoretical Analysis of a Multi-Tier Supply Chain Management Process Integration : A Case Study Method ». Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies 4, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2298.

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Purpose: - Case studies of 12 automotive supply chains are used to build a theory of multi-tier supply chain management (SCM) processes integration which links patterns of multi-tier process integration with cost and differentiation strategies of the focal firms. Design/Methodology/Approach: The cases build on previous researches by examining the rationales and extents in which a focal firm integrates the key supply chain management processes across first, second and third-tier suppliers, logistics service providers and authorized dealers. Data was collected in two rounds, followed by codification and analysis. Findings: The analyses suggest that firms with lower scope and span of process integration prioritized cost efficiency and firms with larger scope and span of process integration prioritized both cost efficiency and customer service differentiation. As a result, propositions for explaining strategic priorities driving multi-tier SCM process integration are developed. Implications/Originality/Value: This study provides managerial accounts and theoretical foundation to explain the needs for different levels, scopes and span of SCM process integration and the extent to which the span of integration (tiers) should be extended.

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Mena, Carlos, Andrew Humphries et Thomas Y. Choi. « Toward a Theory of Multi-Tier Supply Chain Management ». Journal of Supply Chain Management 49, n^o 2 (avril 2013) : 58–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12003.

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Dou, Yijie, Qinghua Zhu et Joseph Sarkis. « Green multi-tier supply chain management : An enabler investigation ». Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management 24, n^o 2 (mars 2018) : 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2017.07.001.

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Sancha, Cristina, Josep F. Mària S.J. et Cristina Gimenez. « Managing sustainability in lower-tier suppliers : how to deal with the invisible zone ». African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 10, n^o 4 (2 décembre 2019) : 458–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-09-2018-0266.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how a focal firm can manage sustainability in its lower-tier suppliers which lie beyond the firm’s visible horizon. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a new approach to managing sustainability in multi-tier supply chains with an illustrative case study that analyzes how electronic equipment firms make efforts to verify that they are not using conflict minerals. Findings The nexus supplier (smelters in the electronics supply chain) plays a relevant role in increasing visibility and tracing the source of minerals, thus guaranteeing sustainability upstream in the supply chain. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on a specific supply chain (i.e. electronics supply chain) and therefore its conclusions might be only partially generalized to other sectors. Practical implications Firms in complex supply chains need to make efforts to identify and manage nexus suppliers to extend sustainability upstream in the supply chain, especially beyond their visible horizon. Originality/value The paper focuses on management of sustainability in the invisible zone of the supply chain, which has been neglected in previous literature and is increasingly important to the managerial world in an economy with a growing number of global supply chains.

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Hornibrook, S., et A. Fearne. « Managing perceived risk : a multi-tier case study of a uk retail beef supply chain ». Journal on Chain and Network Science 1, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2001) : 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2001.x008.

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This paper examines the effect of increased environmental uncertainty and information asymmetry on contractual relationships between all members of the beef supply chain. It offers an alternative theoretical framework to the traditional Transaction Cost Economics view of the treatment of information by viewing co-ordinated supply chains as a series of Principal Agent relationships, and draws on Perceived Risk Theory to explain both consumer and organisational behaviour. The paper also presents a supply chain methodology and submits empirical evidence of the perceived risks, associated management strategies and benefits for all members, including consumers, of one particular UK retail co-ordinated supply chain for an own brand fresh beef product.

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Sauer, Philipp C., et Stefan Seuring. « A three-dimensional framework for multi-tier sustainable supply chain management ». Supply Chain Management : An International Journal 23, n^o 6 (10 septembre 2018) : 560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-06-2018-0233.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the under-researched role of the sub-supplier’s direct environment in achieving compliance with multi-tier sustainable supply chain management (MT-SSCM) objectives. Design/methodology/approach Building on conceptual research, this study aims to generalize the characteristics of multi-tier supply chains in light of institutional theory and supply chain (SC) uncertainty to enhance the understanding of their complex interrelationship. Findings A three-dimensional framework is built around the supply and demand uncertainty as well as the pressures for sustainability exerted by the supplier’s direct environment to propose ideal constellations for the application of MT-SSCM. Moreover, research directions and implications for the alteration of suboptimal constellations are developed. Practical implications Incorporating the supplier’s environment in the choice of MT-SSCM practices couples the sustainability priorities of the focal firm and the supplier. This enables a more complete picture of the sustainability objectives and sustainable development aims of the SC partners. Originality/value On the basis of institutional theory, the study extends current MT-SSCM concepts by including the supplier’s direct environment in the choice of ideal management practices in a particular SC setup. It provides a definition of a multi-tier SC as an institutional field and a number of research implications regarding MT-SSCM as well as generic SSCM. Moreover, the proposed framework helps SC managers to understand the complex interplay of the SC partners’ sustainability aims and provides implications for choosing the most suitable MT-SSCM practices.

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Hofmann, Hannes, Martin C. Schleper et Constantin Blome. « Conflict Minerals and Supply Chain Due Diligence : An Exploratory Study of Multi-tier Supply Chains ». Journal of Business Ethics 147, n^o 1 (26 novembre 2015) : 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2963-z.

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Sauer, Philipp C., et Stefan Seuring. « Extending the reach of multi-tier sustainable supply chain management – Insights from mineral supply chains ». International Journal of Production Economics 217 (novembre 2019) : 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.05.030.

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Sakuramoto, Carlos, Luiz Carlos Di Serio et Alexandre de Vicente Bittar. « Impact of supply chain on the competitiveness of the automotive industry ». RAUSP Management Journal 54, n^o 2 (8 avril 2019) : 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rausp-07-2018-0051.

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Purpose There is a great reliance on fiscal incentives to sustain the automotive industry competitiveness due to several structural problems, among them the inefficiency of the supply chain. This paper aims to compare the supply chain structure of traditional automotive industry with the supply chains from South Korea and China. Based on strategic decision and transaction cost theory, this comparison seeks to exploit the factors that led to the inefficiency of automotive supply chains. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a qualitative approach and applied a multi-method research. They conducted semi-structured interviews with six executives from automakers representing the selected countries, carried individual meetings during one workshop and used secondary data from several sources. Findings Concepts identified in the research such as reliability, supply chain governance and automaker competencies led the authors to propose that the traditional automakers have higher transaction costs when compared to the new automakers due to the horizontal structure of their supply chain. While new competitors have vertical upstream supply chains, which indicates better profitability, traditional automotive industry is horizontal, depends on fewer Tier 1 suppliers and is disconnected from Tier 2, impacting negatively in the transaction costs and supply chain management. Practical implications This study suggests that automotive executives rethink the current upstream supply chain model by identifying the competencies required for their current and future competitiveness and implementing a vertical integration of these competencies. Originality/value This research exploited the inefficiency of supply chain as one of the explanations for the low competitiveness of the national automotive industry.

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Zehendner, Axel Georg, Philipp C. Sauer, Patrick Schöpflin, Anni-Kaisa Kähkönen et Stefan Seuring. « Paradoxical tensions in sustainable supply chain management : insights from the electronics multi-tier supply chain context ». International Journal of Operations & ; Production Management 41, n^o 6 (5 août 2021) : 882–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-10-2020-0709.

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PurposeManaging supply chains (SCs) for sustainability often results in conflicting demands, which can be conceptualized as sustainability tensions. This paper studies sustainability tensions in electronics SC contexts and the related management responses by applying a paradox perspective.Design/methodology/approachA single case study on the electronics SC is conducted with companies and third-party organizations as embedded units of analysis, using semi-structured interviews that are triangulated with publicly available data.FindingsThe study identifies tension elements (learning, belonging, organizing and economic performing) conflicting with general social–ecological objectives in the electronics SC. The results indicate a hierarchal structure among the sustainability tensions in SC contexts. The management responses of contextualization and resolution are assigned to the identified tensions.Practical implicationsFraming social–ecological objectives with their conflicting elements as paradoxical tensions enables organizations and SCs to develop better strategies for responding to complex sustainability issues in SC contexts.Originality/valueThe study contributes toward filling the gap on paradoxical sustainability tensions in SCs. Empirical insights are gained from different actors in the electronics SC. The level of emergence and interconnectedness of sustainability tensions in a larger SC context is explored through an outside-in perspective.

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Kalaitzi, Dimitra, Aristides Matopoulos et Ben Clegg. « Managing resource dependencies in electric vehicle supply chains : a multi-tier case study ». Supply Chain Management : An International Journal 24, n^o 2 (11 mars 2019) : 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-03-2018-0116.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate dependencies that arise between companies during the ramp-up of production volume in the electric vehicle (EV) supply chain. Design/methodology/approach An inter-company case study method has been used. Data were collected via tours of manufacturing plants, workshops and interviews from multiple tiers in a supply chain, namely, a niche EV manufacturer, as well as two of its tier-one suppliers and five of its tier-two suppliers. Findings As production volumes increased, a more relational approach was found to be necessary in inter-company relationships. The authors’ research showed that key suppliers, in addition to providing the parts, pursued a supply chain orchestrator’s role by offering direct support and guidance to the niche EV manufacturer in designing and executing its development plans. Research limitations/implications The resource dependence theory (RDT) is used to analyse and explain the changing dependencies throughout the planning and execution of production ramp-up. Practical implications This study will help supply chain managers to better manage resource dependencies during production ramp-up. Originality/value This study explores dependencies during the early stages of the production ramp-up process in the EV sector, which is in itself in the early stages of evolution. RDT is used for the first time in this context. This study has moved beyond a simple dyadic context, by providing empirical insights into the actions taken by an EV manufacturer and its suppliers, towards a multi-tier supply chain context, to better manage resource dependencies.

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Yoo, Seung Ho, Thomas Y. Choi et DaeSoo Kim. « Integrating sourcing and financing strategies in multi-tier supply chain management ». International Journal of Production Economics 234 (avril 2021) : 108039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108039.

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Tse, Ying Kei, et Kim Hua Tan. « Managing product quality risk in a multi-tier global supply chain ». International Journal of Production Research 49, n^o 1 (janvier 2011) : 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2010.508942.

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Winter, Matthias, Monika Eick, Julian M. Müller, Silvia Dopler et Alexander Zeisler. « Reasons for SMEs to engage in Multi-tier Supply Chain Management ». International Journal of Integrated Supply Management 1, n^o 1 (2022) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijism.2022.10052938.

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Kanyoma, Kizito Elijah, Frank Wogbe Agbola et Richard Oloruntoba. « An evaluation of supply chain integration across multi-tier supply chains of manufacturing-based SMEs in Malawi ». International Journal of Logistics Management 29, n^o 3 (13 août 2018) : 1001–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-10-2017-0277.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the interrelationships in internal and external supply chain integration (SCI) across multiple tiers of manufacturing-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a developing country, Malawi. Design/methodology/approach Utilizing the resource-based view, resource-dependence and network theory perspectives, and drawing on a multiple embedded case-study approach, the research investigated the internal and external linkages within three-tier supplier, manufacturer and retailer SCs and described varying perspectives of SCI across supply chain positions. Findings Firms with strategic intra-firm resources were less committed to external integration, deploying their resources as a source of power to dominate and exploit their dependent partners. The SCI across multiple tiers was impaired by dependence but enhanced by interdependence strategies of firms. Although lack of trust, promotion of non-overlapping self-interests, corruption in sourcing processes and resource constraints negatively affected SCI, firm commitment to external integration promoted greater commitment among firms, thus having a positive effect on SCI. Research limitations/implications Further analysis of SCI of SME triads and a more systematic longitudinal analysis across other market segments should be explored to generalize the conclusions of this study. Practical implications The external influences on dyadic relationships go beyond the interactions of heterogeneous firms in the network to encompass interpersonal interactions across the network, where individuals may potentially prioritize personal connections and sabotage the interests of their firms. Originality/value The research explored the internal and external dimensions of SCI in multi-tier SCs of SMEs, and provided for the first time new evidence to show that firm commitment to engaging with partners complements the mechanisms of SCI within a developing country context. It highlights the need to develop trust, eliminate corruption, promote greater commitment of SC partners and encourage greater investment in firms’ resource capabilities to enhance SCI among SMEs.

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Bagul, Avinash Dinkarrao, et Indrajit Mukherjee. « Centralized vs decentralized sourcing strategy for multi-tier automotive supply network ». International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 68, n^o 3 (4 mars 2019) : 578–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-02-2018-0083.

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Purpose Multiple stages of procurement for a product in a supply chain (SC) altogether form a “multi-Tier” supply network. The purpose of this paper is to develop and verify a systematic solution approach to ascertain the realistic cost advantage of a coordinated centralized sourcing strategy as compared to an isolated decentralized sourcing strategy for a multi-tier supply network under demand uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach The proposed systematic solution approach consists of seven steps to compare and contrast the cost advantage of a centralized coordinated sourcing strategy over a decentralized stage-wise sourcing strategy for a multi-tier supply network. A real-life automotive industry case analysis of two distinct products provides sufficient empirical evidence on the expected cost advantage of centralized coordinated sourcing strategy under demand uncertainty. Findings The case analysis affirms the practicability of the proposed seven-step solution approach to determine the realistic cost advantage of coordinated sourcing. Research limitations/implications The scope of this research is restricted to a single product and two-tier supply network analysis. This research work also considers a restrictive assumption of negligible coordination cost. Practical implications The suitability of the proposed solution approach is verified using real-life case examples. This research provides theoretical insights and factual evidence to SC practitioners, so as to adopt a centralized sourcing strategy in a varied manufacturing environment. Originality/value There is no evidence of a systematic step-by-step solution approach to determine the cost advantage of a coordinated sourcing strategy over an isolated decentralized sourcing strategy for a multi-tier supply network under demand uncertainty.

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White, Anthony S., et Michael Censlive. « A state-space model of a three tier APVIOBPCS supply chain ». Journal of Modelling in Management 10, n^o 1 (16 mars 2015) : 76–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-10-2012-0036.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a control engineering-based system model that allows for any value of production delay for a three-tier supply chain with information delays between tiers or systems with epos. Design/methodology/approach – A discrete z transform model of automatic pipeline, variable inventory and order based production control system three-tier supply chain is obtained using a state-space model using a reachable control formulation. This model provides a discrete time state-space model conversion using an exponential production delay with no loss of generality. Findings – This work allows a three-tier supply chain model to be computed via a spreadsheet using any production delay and can be modified to include different sales smoothing procedures. The model is fully controllable and observable. Stability of these models is obtained from the system eigenvalues and agrees with our previously published stability boundaries. Practical implications – The system is described by a linear control model of the production process and does not include production limits or other resource limitations, including history of sales demand and response. Originality/value – This present model is an extension of the model devised by White and Censlive, in that it allows accurate modelling of multi-tier inventory production systems by permitting flexible selection of delay parameter values for real systems.

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Viswanathan, S., Handik Widiarta et Rajesh Piplani. « Value of information exchange and synchronization in a multi-tier supply chain ». International Journal of Production Research 45, n^o 21 (26 septembre 2007) : 5057–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540600930057.

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Nejma, Maryam, et Abdelghani Cherkaoui. « Enabling multi-tier collaboration between supply chain dyads : a conceptual modelling framework ». Supply Chain Forum : An International Journal 21, n^o 1 (26 décembre 2019) : 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2019.1702444.

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Thomé, Antonio Márcio T., Luiz Felipe Scavarda, Sílvio R. I. Pires, Paula Ceryno et Katja Klingebiel. « A multi-tier study on supply chain flexibility in the automotive industry ». International Journal of Production Economics 158 (décembre 2014) : 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.07.024.

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Lee, Amos Wei Lun, Kentaroh Toyoda, Ivan Yeow, Zhiquan Yeo, Jonathan Sze Choong Low et Wen Feng Lu. « Blockchain-enabled carbon emission management system in a multi-tier supply chain ». Procedia CIRP 116 (2023) : 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.02.040.

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Gong, Yu, Steve Brown, Fu Jia et Jiang Duan. « IKEA : Sustainable Cotton Initiative in China ». Asian Case Research Journal 23, n^o 02 (décembre 2019) : 491–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927519500202.

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This case presents an industry leading company — IKEA’s multi-tier sustainable cotton initiative in China. The case begins with the background information of IKEA, cotton production in China and cotton-textile supply chain. It then presents IKEA’s sustainable cotton practice globally. This is followed by IKEA China’s motivation to implement sustainable cotton initiatives, its processes and the impacts on its cotton-textile supply chain. Finally, it ends with the case summary.

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Azizian, Mojtaba, Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri et Seyed Mohammad Javad Mirzapour Al-e-Hashem. « Simulation-Based Models of Multi-Tier Financial Supply Chain Management Problem : Application in the Pharmacy Sector ». Mathematics 11, n^o 19 (7 octobre 2023) : 4188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11194188.

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A crucial role in the continuation of economic activities is played by the financing of services and production in supply chains. A key element of optimizing the financial flow of these complex networks is to pay attention to the financial aspects of these complex networks since they are becoming more and more complex and expanding. This study aims to investigate the supply chain of a pharmaceutical company’s holding company and its subsidiaries while using internal resource valuation to develop a new strategy for financing the company’s operations. There is a process of money circulation through the chain, which consists of passing through two treasuries (primary and secondary), which provide liquidity to compensate the deficits of some institutions with the excess liquidity of other institutions. In this article, we present three simulation-based models based on a case study conducted at Shafa Darou Investment Company in Tehran-Iran, a leading pharmaceutical investment company in the country, to examine the impact of implementing this idea in the real world. Considering the study’s results, it has been shown that the supply chain as a whole has improved in terms of its working capital. Using a set of local treasuries is generally associated with reducing risks and a greater level of stability when relying on the excess liquidity of chain members provided that financial independence from external institutions, such as banks, is maintained. In addition, if the members’ excess liquidity is deposited in a set of local treasuries rather than a bank, the profit and internal financial flow within the chain will be circulated throughout the chain, and more added value will be generated.

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Xu, Ming-Xing, Shu Li, Li-Lin Rao et Lei Zheng. « The Relationship between Distance and Risk Perception in Multi-Tier Supply Chain : The Psychological Typhoon Eye Effect ». Sustainability 15, n^o 9 (4 mai 2023) : 7507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097507.

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Previous research has shown that an individual’s proximity to the epicenter can influence their perception and response to risk. However, this aspect has been largely overlooked in the supply chain risk literature. This paper aims to fill this gap by investigating the impact of distance on the perception and response to supply chain disruption risk. An online survey was conducted with 1055 managers working within the supply chain of ZTE, a Chinese multinational company providing integrated communications and information solutions. The survey aimed to examine how their distance from the disruption epicenter (i.e., ZTE) affected their risk perception and subsequent managerial responses. The findings indicate that those closer to the epicenter perceive a lower risk of disruption compared to those farther away, resulting in a reduced likelihood of taking management action. This phenomenon is referred to as the “psychological typhoon eye” (PTE) effect in supply chain disruption risk. Further analysis revealed that risk information quality mediated the relationship between distance and risk perception, while an individual’s job position level moderated the relationship between risk information quality and disruption risk perception. To mitigate the PTE effect in the multi-tier supply chain, the focal firm must prioritize high-quality information synchronization, extending beyond single-company initiatives.

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Soosay, Claudine Antoinette, et Paul Hyland. « A decade of supply chain collaboration and directions for future research ». Supply Chain Management : An International Journal 20, n^o 6 (14 septembre 2015) : 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-06-2015-0217.

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Purpose – This paper aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature on supply chain collaboration published over a 10-year period from 2005 to 2014. It explores the nature and extent of research undertaken to identify key themes emerging in the field and gaps that need to be addressed. Design/methodology/approach – The authors review a sample of 207 articles from 69 journals, after using an iterative cycle of defining appropriate search keywords, searching the literature and conducting the analysis. Findings – Key themes include the meaning of collaboration; considerations for supply chain collaboration theory; emerging areas in collaboration for sustainability, technology-enabled supply chains and humanitarian supply chains; and the need for a more holistic approach, multi-tier perspectives and research into B2C collaborations. Research limitations/implications – The paper provides discussion and scope for future research into the area which would contribute to the field tremendously. Originality/value – There have been very few reviews in the past on supply chain collaboration, and this is one of the first extensive reviews conducted to address how well the body of knowledge on supply chain collaboration corresponds with our contemporary society.

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Lyons, Andrew C., et Azanizawati Ma’aram. « An examination of multi-tier supply chain strategy alignment in the food industry ». International Journal of Production Research 52, n^o 7 (9 juin 2013) : 1911–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2013.787172.

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DeYong, Gregory D., et Hubert Pun. « Is dishonesty the best policy ? Supplier behaviour in a multi-tier supply chain ». International Journal of Production Economics 170 (décembre 2015) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.09.006.

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Hannibal, Claire, et Katri Kauppi. « Third party social sustainability assessment : Is it a multi-tier supply chain solution ? » International Journal of Production Economics 217 (novembre 2019) : 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.08.030.

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NIE, LANSHUN, XIAOFEI XU et DECHEN ZHAN. « COLLABORATIVE PLANNING IN SUPPLY CHAINS BY LAGRANGIAN RELAXATION AND GENETIC ALGORITHMS ». International Journal of Information Technology & ; Decision Making 07, n^o 01 (mars 2008) : 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622008002879.

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A collaborative planning framework combining the Lagrangian Relaxation method and Genetic Algorithms is developed to coordinate and optimize the production planning of the independent partners linked by material flows in multiple tier supply chains. Linking constraints and dependent demand constraints were added to the monolithic Multi-Level, multi-item Capacitated Lot Sizing Problem (MLCLSP) for supply chains. Model MLCLSP was Lagrangian relaxed and decomposed into facility-separable sub-problems based on the separability of it. Genetic Algorithms was incorporated into Lagrangian Relaxation method to update Lagrangian multipliers, which coordinated decentralized decisions of the facilities in supply chains. Production planning of independent partners could be appropriately coordinated and optimized by this framework without intruding their decision authorities and private information. This collaborative planning schema was applied to a large set problem in supply chain production planning. Experimental results show that the proposed coordination mechanism and procedure come close to optimal results as obtained by central coordination in terms of both performance and robustness.

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Köksal, Deniz, et Jochen Strähle. « Social Sustainability in Fashion Supply Chains—Understanding Social Standard Implementation Failures in Vietnam and Indonesia Using Agency Theory ». Sustainability 13, n^o 4 (17 février 2021) : 2159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042159.

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This paper explores why and how dominant international social standards used in the fashion industry are prone to implementation failures. A qualitative multiple-case study method was conducted, using purposive sampling to select 13 apparel supply chain actors. Data were collected through on-site semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The findings of the study are interpreted by using core tenets of agency theory. The case study findings clearly highlight why and how multi-tier apparel supply chains fail to implement social standards effectively. As a consequence of substantial goal conflicts and information asymmetries, sourcing agents and suppliers are driven to perform opportunistic behaviors in form of hidden characteristics, hidden intentions, and hidden actions, which significantly harm social standards. Fashion retailers need to empower their corporate social responsibility (CSR) departments by awarding an integrative role to sourcing decisions. Moreover, accurate calculation of orders, risk sharing, cost sharing, price premiums, and especially guaranteed order continuity for social compliance are critical to reduce opportunistic behaviors upstream of the supply chain. The development of social standards is highly suggested, e.g., by including novel metrics such as the assessment of buying practices or the evaluation of capacity planning at factories and the strict inclusion of subcontractors’ social performances. This paper presents evidence from multiple Vietnamese and Indonesian cases involving sourcing agents as well as Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers on a highly sensitive topic. With the development of the conceptual framework and the formulation of seven related novel propositions, this paper unveils the ineffectiveness of social standards, offers guidance for practitioners, and contributes to the neglected social dimension in sustainable supply chain management research and accountability literature.

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Simangunsong, Elliot, Linda C. Hendry et Mark Stevenson. « Managing supply chain uncertainty with emerging ethical issues ». International Journal of Operations & ; Production Management 36, n^o 10 (3 octobre 2016) : 1272–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-12-2014-0599.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate effective management strategies for 14 sources of supply chain uncertainty, with a particular emphasis on uncertainties or strategies that involve ethical issues. Design/methodology/approach Manufacturing strategy theory, underpinned by alignment and contingency theory, is used as the theoretical foundation. Multi-case study data are collected from 12 companies in the Indonesian food industry, including four focal manufacturers, four first-tier suppliers, and four first-tier customers (retailers). Findings Within the context of appropriately aligned management strategies to address 14 sources of uncertainty, three ethical issues are empirically identified: first, collusion amongst suppliers to ration supplies and increase prices; second, unethical influences on government policy; and third, “abuse” of power by large retailers at the expense of smaller competitors. Joint purchasing is argued to be a key strategy for combatting the first of these ethical issues. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to the Indonesian food industry, and so further research is needed in other cultures/contexts. Practical implications Management strategies that aim to reduce an uncertainty at its source lead to better overall supply chain performance than strategies that merely cope with uncertainty, which only have an impact on firm-level performance. Social implications The ethical issues identified have implications for fair negotiations between customers and suppliers. Originality/value This study is unique in its in-depth case study-based empirical investigation of the management of multiple supply chain uncertainties; and in its discussion of ethical issues in this context.

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Sayed, Maysara, Linda C. Hendry et Marta Zorzini Bell. « Institutional complexity and sustainable supply chain management practices ». Supply Chain Management : An International Journal 22, n^o 6 (11 septembre 2017) : 542–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-10-2016-0365.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of institutional pressures, institutional logics and institutional complexity on Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) practices across mixed public and private sector supply chains. Design/methodology/approach Multi-case study data were collected from three tiers of food and catering supply chains: the customer/consumer tier; focal public sector UK Universities; and private sector suppliers/contractors. Findings The findings indicate that: normative and mimetic pressures are more prevalent in focal Universities, compared to suppliers; there is typically no single dominant logic across these supply chains; and the multiplicity of institutional logics (e.g. sustainability logic versus financial logic) increases institutional complexity. Therefore, in the typical case of homogeneity in terms of institutional pressures and logics, e.g. with a dominant sustainability logic throughout the supply chain, radical change in SSCM practices is facilitated. In contrast, in the more typical case when there is heterogeneity, with competing logics at different supply chain tiers, this limits SSCM to more incremental changes in practices. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to three tiers of the food and catering supply chains of UK Universities. Practical implications To aid in the successful implementation of SSCM, this study suggests a need for managers to develop an initial understanding of the prevailing institutional logics and pressures at different tiers of the supply chain. Social implications A number of the SSCM practices studied address social sustainability. Originality/value No previous studies have empirically investigated the impact of institutional complexity in the context of SSCM practices across supply chains, involving both mixed public and private sector organisations.

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Jacob-John, Jubin. « Adherence to responsibility in organic dry food supply chains ». European Business Review 30, n^o 1 (8 janvier 2018) : 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-01-2016-0025.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the sharing of sustainability and social responsibility-centric values along the export-oriented organic dry food supply chain (ODFSC) using an institutional lens. Design/methodology/approach To understand the perceptions of the shared ethos of the organic food industry along the entire supply chain, the research employed a multi-tier qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and observations. The study focussed on supply chain actors including farmers and traders from the Indian sub-continent, and traders and retailers based in Europe and North America. Findings Isomorphism, brought about by the vertical channelling of consumer preferences and values resulted in a higher degree of responsibility within the industry. The responsibility-centric ethos of the supply chain affected the responsibility-orientation of the supply chain actors and their operations. Research limitations/implications The research focused mainly on the ODFSC actors in Kerala, a state in India, and this focus of the research could be a significant limitation in generalizing the findings to the rest of the emerging economy context because of cultural and educational differences. Originality/value Literature lacks in the studies of sharing of responsibility-centric values in supply chains through an institutional lens and this investigation contributes to the scant literature on isomorphism, shared values and responsible supply chain management.

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SCAVARDA, LUIZ FELIPE, PAULA SANTOS CERYNO, SILVIO PIRES et KATJA KLINGEBIEL. « SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE ANALYSIS : A BRAZILIAN AUTOMOTIVE CASE ». Revista de Administração de Empresas 55, n^o 3 (juin 2015) : 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-759020150306.

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Supply chain (SC) resilience and flexibility are important research topics receiving growing attention. However, the academic literature needs empirical studies on SC resilience capable of investigating the inter-organizational components of flexibility along different tiers. Therefore, this paper analyzes the main lack of flexibilities in three Brazilian automotive SCs that limit their resilience and therefore their capacity to better support and meet the demand changes in the marketplace. A multi-tier case study approach is adopted. Research findings identify lack of flexibilities in different tiers that inhibit the SC resilience as well as manufacturing and SC flexibilities that build SC resilience. The findings also highlight that the same SC may have the flexibility to be resilient for one of its products but not for another product, what sheds new lights on the academic literature. Finally, flexible SCs should be designed to increase SC resilience to cope with mishaps as significant demand changes.

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Yoon, Jiho, Srinivas Talluri et Claudia Rosales. « Procurement decisions and information sharing under multi-tier disruption risk in a supply chain ». International Journal of Production Research 58, n^o 5 (27 juin 2019) : 1362–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1634296.

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Sharma, Mahak, Sachin Kamble, Venkatesh Mani, Rajat Sehrawat, Amine Belhadi et Vardaan Sharma. « Industry 4.0 adoption for sustainability in multi-tier manufacturing supply chain in emerging economies ». Journal of Cleaner Production 281 (janvier 2021) : 125013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125013.

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Movahedi, Bahar, et Kayvan Miri Lavassani. « Multi-tier firm-level analysis of global auto supply chain : centrality and financial performance ». International Journal of Enterprise Network Management 14, n^o 4 (2023) : 316–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijenm.2023.10060093.

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Lavassani, Kayvan Miri, et Bahar Movahedi. « Multi-tier firm-level analysis of global auto supply chain : centrality and financial performance ». International Journal of Enterprise Network Management 14, n^o 4 (2023) : 316–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijenm.2023.134577.

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Matenga, Alice Elizabeth, et Khumbulani Mpofu. « Blockchain-Based Cloud Manufacturing SCM System for Collaborative Enterprise Manufacturing : A Case Study of Transport Manufacturing ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 17 (29 août 2022) : 8664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178664.

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Sheet metal part manufacture is a precursor to various upstream assembly processes, including the manufacturing of mechanical and body parts of railcars, automobiles, ships, etc., in the transport manufacturing sector. The (re)manufacturing of railcars comprises a multi-tier manufacturing supply chain, mainly supported by local small and medium enterprises (SMEs), where siloed information leads to information disintegration between supplier and manufacturer. Technology spillovers in information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) are disrupting traditional supply chains, leading to a sustainable digital economy, driven by new innovations and business models in manufacturing. This paper presents application of industrial DevOps by merging industry 4.0 technologies for collaborative and sustainable supply chains. A blockchain-based information system (IS) and a cloud manufacturing (CM) process system were integrated, for a supply chain management (SCM) system for the railcar manufacturer. A systems thinking methodology was used to identify the multi-hierarchical system, and a domain-driven design approach (DDD) was applied to develop the event-driven microservice architecture (MSA). The result is a blockchain-based cloud manufacturing as a service (BCMaaS) SCM system for outsourcing part production for boxed sheet metal parts. In conclusion, the BCMaaS system performs part provenance, traceability, and analytics in real time for improved quality control, inventory management, and audit reliability.

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