Articles de revues : « Multi phase flow measurements »

1

Williams, R. A., C. G. Xie, F. J. Dickin, S. J. R. Simons et M. S. Beck. « Multi-phase flow measurements in powder processing ». Powder Technology 66, n^o 3 (juin 1991) : 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(91)80033-f.

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Kim, Seok, Dongjin Euh, Bokdeuk Kim, Wonman Park, Byongjo Yun, Chul-Hwa Song et Kyungdoo Kim. « ICONE19-44025 MULTI-DIMENSIONAL TWO-PHASE FLOW IN A LARGE SLAB GEOMETRY USING IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS ». Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011) : _ICONE1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1944_15.

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Nowakowski, Jacek, Robert Banasiak, Radosław Wajman et Dominik Sankowski. « MULTI PHASE FLOW MEASUREMENTS WITH THE APPLICATION OF ECT/ERT DECART MULTIMODALITY TOMOGRAPH ». Informatics Control Measurement in Economy and Environment Protection 7, n^o 1 (30 mars 2017) : 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4581.

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The multi-phase flow measurements are very important tasks in many areas of industrial processes applications. One of them is undersea exploration of oil in the petroleum industry. The submitted paper presents application of DECART tomograph designed and built in Lodz University of Technology - together with combined measurements of signals acquired from gamma ray measurement system. Use of all measuring modalities allowed for performing measurements of a flow composed of sea water, oil and gas. The paper presents theoretical principles applied to design multimodality tomograph and results of experiments performed in the University of Bergen. Measurement confirmed that multi-modality approach allows giving fast and reliable on-line results of measurements of composition of multi-phase flow. Applied algorithms allowed to speed up on-line measurements and presenting results in a form required in industrial applications. The derived conclusions can be used as guidelines for preparation of industrial applicable construction of tomograph.

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KANAI, Taizo, Masahiro FURUYA, Takahiro ARAI, Kenetsu SHIRAKAWA, Yoshihisa NISHI et Nobuyuki UEDA. « ICONE19-44020 Multi-dimensional Two-Phase Flow Measurements in a Large-Diameter Pipe Using Wire-Mesh Sensor ». Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011) : _ICONE1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1944_12.

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Babu, C. Rajesh. « CFD Analysis Of Multi-Phase Flow And Its Measurements ». IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 9, n^o 4 (2013) : 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-0943037.

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Wang, Yue Ming, Ling Fu Kong et Ying Wei Li. « The Study of Electrode Size on Sensitive Field Effect of Electromagnetic Flow Meter in the Measuring Fluids Containing Non-Conductive Body ». Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (septembre 2013) : 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.551.

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Electromagnetic flow meters are widely used in two-phase or multi-phase flow measurements in recent years. In this paper, simulation model is established to study the flow meter response characteristics which exist a non-conductive body (oil bubble) in the fluid by use finite element software ANSYS. We analyze different electrode size impact on the response characteristics of electromagnetic flow meter in the measurement of two-phase or multi-phase flow which includes non-conductive material in the fluid, which provides reference for design of the sensor electrode sizes, and provides a theoretical basis for error analysis measuring two-phase or multi-phase flow under different electrode sizes of electromagnetic flowmeter.

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Hansen, Lærke Skov, Simon Pedersen et Petar Durdevic. « Multi-Phase Flow Metering in Offshore Oil and Gas Transportation Pipelines : Trends and Perspectives ». Sensors 19, n^o 9 (11 mai 2019) : 2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092184.

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Multi-phase flow meters are of huge importance to the offshore oil and gas industry. Unreliable measurements can lead to many disadvantages and even wrong decision-making. It is especially important for mature reservoirs as the gas volume fraction and water cut is increasing during the lifetime of a well. Hence, it is essential to accurately monitor the multi-phase flow of oil, water and gas inside the transportation pipelines. The objective of this review paper is to present the current trends and technologies within multi-phase flow measurements and to introduce the most promising methods based on parameters such as accuracy, footprint, safety, maintenance and calibration. Typical meters, such as tomography, gamma densitometry and virtual flow meters are described and compared based on their performance with respect to multi-phase flow measurements. Both experimental prototypes and commercial solutions are presented and evaluated. For a non-intrusive, non-invasive and inexpensive meter solution, this review paper predicts a progress for virtual flow meters in the near future. The application of multi-phase flows meters are expected to further expand in the future as fields are maturing, thus, efficient utilization of existing fields are in focus, to decide if a field is still financially profitable.

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King, Nicholas W. « Multi-Phase Flow Measurement at NEL ». Measurement and Control 21, n^o 8 (octobre 1988) : 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029408802100802.

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Yeung, Hoi. « Editorial to : Multi-Phase Flow Measurement ». Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 14, n^o 4-5 (août 2003) : 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-5986(03)00043-8.

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Shi, Jun-Feng, Feng Deng, Li-Zhi Xiao, Hua-Bing Liu, Feng-Qin Ma, Meng-Ying Wang, Rui-Dong Zhao, Shi-Wen Chen, Jian-Jun Zhang et Chun-Ming Xiong. « A proposed NMR solution for multi-phase flow fluid detection ». Petroleum Science 16, n^o 5 (25 septembre 2019) : 1148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-019-00367-3.

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Abstract In the petroleum industry, detection of multi-phase fluid flow is very important in both surface and down-hole measurements. Accurate measurement of high rate of water or gas multi-phase flow has always been an academic and industrial focus. NMR is an efficient and accurate technique for the detection of fluids; it is widely used in the determination of fluid compositions and properties. This paper is aimed to quantitatively detect multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines and to propose an innovative method for online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection. The online NMR data acquisition, processing and interpretation methods are proposed to fill the blank of traditional methods. A full-bore straight tube design without pressure drop, a Halbach magnet structure design with zero magnetic leakage outside the probe, a separate antenna structure design without flowing effects on NMR measurement and automatic control technology will achieve unattended operation. Through the innovation of this work, the application of NMR for the real-time and quantitative detection of multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines can be implemented.

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Farahani, Abolfazl Varvani, Mohsen Montazeri et Mahdi Pourgholi. « Robust optimal decentralized observer for multi-phase flow measurement ». Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, n^o 4 (4 décembre 2019) : 904–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219884807.

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In this paper, a non-fragile optimal observer is proposed for the decentralized multiphase flow measurement based on the interconnections between the two subsystems, that is, gas and liquid, constituting the whole system. Due to the dynamic model of system and presence of disturbances and slowly varying quantities, a non-fragile decentralized observer is designed and the states of the condensate and gas sub-systems were separately estimated. Lyapunov-based stability conditions are converted to linear matrix inequality (LMI) and observer gains are optimally selected from solution set such that the effect of the disturbance on the states’ estimation error becomes minimized. The estimation is conducted using the real-time measurements including lines pressures, single-phase gas flow, and single-phase liquid flow in the refinery outlet. To check the stability and performance of the system against the changes, the Lyapunov theory has been used. Finally, the estimation results are compared with real-world data from the industry showing the high accuracy of this method as the estimations were consistent with the operation data. In all stages, the investigations were based on the data collected from the actual process in the South Pars Gas Complex (SPGC), Iran. Additionally, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based on the simplified drift flux model (DFM) was used to estimate the states then both methods’ results are compared and using the HYSYS simulator with the real process data, it is found that both observers are capable to identify the states with some differences in performance and DFM model is sufficient for estimation of parameters and states of the multiphase flow entering the gas refinery. As a result, these techniques not only can be substituted for the existing system at the gas refinery, but also can be as a backup for available measurement systems.

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Biddinika, M. K., D. Ito, H. Takahashi, H. Kikura et M. Aritomi. « Velocity Profile measurements in two-phase flow using multi-wave sensors ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 147 (1 février 2009) : 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/147/1/012006.

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Pietrzak, Marcin, et Stanisław Witczak. « Multiphase Flow Mixture In 180° Pipe Bends ». Chemical and Process Engineering 34, n^o 2 (1 juin 2013) : 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2013-0019.

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This paper presents the results of research regarding measurements of the values of pressure drops during horizontal flow of gas-liquid and gas-liquid-liquid mixture through 180o pipe bends. The conducted insightful analysis and assessment during multi-phase flow in pipe bends has enabled to develop a new method for determination of their values. This new method for determining pressure drops ensures higher precision of calculation in comparison to other methods presented in literature and can be applied for calculation of these parameters during multi-phase flows in pipe bends with various geometries.

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Sun, Xiaodong, Sidharth Paranjape, Seungjin Kim, Hiroshi Goda, Mamoru Ishii et Joseph M. Kelly. « Local Liquid Velocity in Vertical Air-Water Downward Flow ». Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, n^o 4 (1 juillet 2004) : 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1777235.

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This paper presents an experimental study of local liquid velocity measurement in downward air-water bubbly and slug flows in a 50.8 mm inner-diameter round pipe. The axial liquid velocity and its fluctuations were measured by a laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) system. It was found that the maximum liquid velocity in a downward two-phase flow could occur off the pipe centerline at relatively low liquid flow rates and this observation is consistent with other researchers’ results. The comparisons between the liquid flow rates measured by a magnetic flow meter and those obtained from the local LDA and multi-sensor conductivity probe measurements showed good agreement. In addition, based on the local measurements the distribution parameter and the drift velocity in the drift-flux model were obtained for the current downward flow tests.

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Dyakowski, T. « Process tomography applied to multi-phase flow measurement ». Measurement Science and Technology 7, n^o 3 (1 mars 1996) : 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/7/3/015.

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Ryu, Yong Uk, et Tae Hwa Jung. « Use of Fiber Optics for Bubble Studies ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (septembre 2013) : 3284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3284.

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Air-water flows are of importance for all the areas related to fluid mechanics. Especially, although kinematic investigations of the multi-phase flows have been conducted for a long time, velocity measurements are still considered as a very challenging part. This study introduces an imaging technique applying shadowgraphy and coupled fiber optic probes for velocity measurements of air bubbles. The fiber optic probes apply optical fibers to the well-known intrusive phase detection probe with a shape to reduce flow disturbance. The present method is used for bubble plume measurements and obtained velocity result is discussed. Finally, the velocities are compared to examine the reliability of the methods.

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Nguyen, Thi Huong Ly, et Suhyun Park. « Multi-Angle Liquid Flow Measurement Using Ultrasonic Linear Array Transducer ». Sensors 20, n^o 2 (10 janvier 2020) : 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020388.

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Most ultrasonic flowmeters utilize several wedge sensors for transmission and reception. Thus, the location and alignment of the sensors are critical factors that determine the performance of the ultrasonic flowmeter. In this study, we proposed an ultrasound liquid flowmeter utilizing a 128-element linear array transducer with a transmit delay control for varying the incidence angles of ultrasound wave transmission. The performance of the flowmeter was evaluated at flow rates of 0–50 L/min in a specially designed pipe system. Flow estimation was performed with the transit-time method using cross-correlation with phase zero-crossing for sub-sample estimation. While a single plane wave approach performed invasive electromagnetic measurements with only 74% accuracy as a reference, a multiple angular compensation method with 24 angles was proposed to increase the accuracy of measurements up to 93%. This study demonstrated the capability of the non-invasive single-sided ultrasonic flowmeter with a linear array transducer for liquid flow measurements in the metal pipe system.

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Ismayilova, F. B. « On the pressure distribution in multi-phase pipelines ». Azerbaijan Oil Industry, n^o 2 (15 février 2021) : 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2021-2-58-61.

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The results of investigations and measurements of actual pressure values carried out recently in technological-field pipelines show that the nature of pressure distribution in multi-phase pipelines differs from those in mono-phase ones. The paper analyzes the aspects affecting the pressure distribution in gas-saturated fluids in the presence of phase transformations. Considering the changes in compressibility of gas-saturated mixture, a mathematical model for pressure distribution through the length of pipeline has been developed. It was defined that depending on the compressibility ratio and flow regime, the pressure distribution in multi-phase pipeline decreases steadily at an exponential rate.

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MURAKAWA, Hideki, Hiroshige KIKURA, Gentaro YAMANAKA et Masanori ARITOMI. « Measurement of Two-Phase Flow Using Multi-Wave Ultrasonic ». Progress in Multiphase Flow Research 1 (2006) : 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3811/pmfr.1.17.

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Blaney, Giles, Angelo Sassaroli, Thao Pham, Nishanth Krishnamurthy et Sergio Fantini. « Multi-Distance Frequency-Domain Optical Measurements of Coherent Cerebral Hemodynamics ». Photonics 6, n^o 3 (26 juillet 2019) : 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6030083.

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We report non-invasive, bilateral optical measurements on the forehead of five healthy human subjects, of 0.1 Hz oscillatory hemodynamics elicited either by cyclic inflation of pneumatic thigh cuffs, or by paced breathing. Optical intensity and the phase of photon-density waves were collected with frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy at seven source-detector distances (11–40 mm). Coherent hemodynamic oscillations are represented by phasors of oxyhemoglobin (O) and deoxyhemoglobin (D) concentrations, and by the vector D/O that represents the amplitude ratio and phase difference of D and O. We found that, on an average, the amplitude ratio (|D/O|) and the phase difference (∠(D/O)) obtained with single-distance intensity at 11–40 mm increase from 0.1° and −330° to 0.2° and −200°, respectively. Single-distance phase and the intensity slope featured a weaker dependence on source-detector separation, and yielded |D/O| and ∠(D/O) values of about 0.5 and −200°, respectively, at distances greater than 20 mm. The key findings are: (1) Single-distance phase and intensity slope are sensitive to deeper tissue compared to single-distance intensity; (2) deeper tissue hemodynamic oscillations, which more closely represent the brain, feature D and O phasors that are consistent with a greater relative flow-to-volume contributions in brain tissue compared to extracerebral, superficial tissue.

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Magdy, Niseem. « Investigations of the linear and non-linear flow harmonics using the a multi-phase transport model ». Journal of Physics G : Nuclear and Particle Physics 49, n^o 1 (13 décembre 2021) : 015105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ac38c3.

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Abstract The multi-phase transport model (AMPT) is used to study the effects of the parton-scattering cross-sections (σ pp) and hadronic re-scattering on the linear contributions to the flow harmonic v 4, the non-linear response coefficients, and the correlations between different order flow symmetry planes in Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV. The model results, which agree with current experimental measurements, indicate that the higher-order flow harmonics are sensitive to the σ pp variations. However, the non-linear response coefficients and the correlations between different order flow symmetry planes are σ pp independent. These results suggest that further detailed experimental measurements which span a broad range of collision systems and beam energies could serve as an additional constraint for the theoretical models’ calculations.

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Wang, Hongmei, Lusheng Zhai, Ningde Jin et Youchen Wang. « Multi-scale symbolic time reverse analysis of gas–liquid two-phase flow structures ». International Journal of Modern Physics C 28, n^o 01 (janvier 2017) : 1750007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183117500073.

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Gas–liquid two-phase flows are widely encountered in production processes of petroleum and chemical industry. Understanding the dynamic characteristics of multi-scale gas–liquid two-phase flow structures is of great significance for the optimization of production process and the measurement of flow parameters. In this paper, we propose a method of multi-scale symbolic time reverse (MSTR) analysis for gas–liquid two-phase flows. First, through extracting four time reverse asymmetry measures (TRAMs), i.e. Euclidean distance, difference entropy, percentage of constant words and percentage of reversible words, the time reverse asymmetry (TRA) behaviors of typical nonlinear systems are investigated from the perspective of multi-scale analysis, and the results show that the TRAMs are sensitive to the changing of dynamic characteristics underlying the complex nonlinear systems. Then, the MSTR analysis is used to study the conductance signals from gas–liquid two-phase flows. It is found that the multi-scale TRA analysis can effectively reveal the multi-scale structure characteristics and nonlinear evolution properties of the flow structures.

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Iraha, Rin, Nanae Tsuchiya, Tsuneo Yamashiro, Tae Iwasawa et Sadayuki Murayama. « Reproducibility of pulmonary blood flow measurements by phase-contrast MRI using different 1.5 T MR scanners at two institutions ». Acta Radiologica Open 6, n^o 1 (janvier 2017) : 205846011668437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058460116684370.

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Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be beneficial for diagnosis of disease by offering quantitative information. However, reproducibility can be a major problem when there is a numerical threshold in multi-institution, multi-vendor situations. Purpose To measure pulmonary blood flow with phase-contrast (PC) imaging using two different MR scanners (1.5 T) at different institutions in the same participants and to examine the reproducibility of the measurements. Material and Methods Participants were 10 healthy volunteers (5 men; age range, 27–36 years). The measurements included the mean and maximal blood velocities, the mean blood flow volume, and the acceleration time and volume (AT and AV), derived from the time-flow curve of the PC-MRI. Simultaneously obtained maximal, minimal, and mean areas from regions of interest set in the pulmonary artery were also calculated. In order to calculate the reproducibility of the quantitative variables, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were employed. When an adequate ICC was obtained, Bland–Altman analysis was conducted to identify any systematic bias. Results The ICCs were almost perfect for the mean blood flow volume and the AV (r = 0.82 and 0.80), and were substantial in the mean and maximal areas, and the AT (r = 0.63, 0.74, and 0.64, respectively). However, there was a fixed bias in the area measurement between the two scanners. Also, the AV had a proportional bias. Conclusion Our results reveal that various indices derived from PC-MRI on different MR scanners are promising as common indices for pulmonary flow assessment. Research and clinical use of PC-MRI for the pulmonary artery is expected to extend to multi-institution situations.

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Zhang, X. Z. « Preliminary Experimental Study on Multi-Parameter Measurement of Fluid Flow by Vibrating Tube ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (décembre 2012) : 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.70.

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A tube conveying flow under vibration can induce a number of interesting phenomena, which can be used to measure certain fluid and flow parameters. For example, Coriolis flow meter which uses vibrating tube is now acting as a key mass flow rate instrument in industry. However, the complexity of flow often requires several parameters to be measured in one time. We studied the vibration behavior of a single rigid straight tube connected with elastic bellows at each end in a flow pipe line. Electrical exciters were used to force the tube to vibrate. Displacement transducers were used to measure the amplitudes and phases of tube’s vibration. Flows through the tube were water or water-air two-phase. The preliminary experiment showed that density, flow rate, viscosity, as well as pressure, which are important parameters for the flow, could possibly be measured in the same vibrating tube.

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Wang, Shiyao, Jesus Leonardo Corredor Garcia, Jonathan Davidson et Andrew Nichols. « Conductance-Based Interface Detection for Multi-Phase Pipe Flow ». Sensors 20, n^o 20 (16 octobre 2020) : 5854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205854.

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Sediment and flow depth monitoring in sewers is important for informing flow models and for predicting and mitigating against sewer blockage formation and surcharge. In this study, a novel sensor based on conductance measurement has been developed and tested under a laboratory environment and validated by a finite-element model. The relative conductance is measured between pairs of adjacent electrodes to provide a conductance profile along the sensor length. A piecewise linear relationship between conductance and electrode length was derived and the interface positions between sediment, water, and air can be determined from the profile. The results demonstrated that the root mean square error of the model and the measured interface level are within 1.4% and 2.6% of sensor’s measurement range. An error distribution of interface height shows that all anticipated errors are within the resolution of the electrode length increments. Furthermore, it was found that the conductivity of the measured medium is proportional to the gradient of the linear relationship of conductance and electrode length. It could therefore prove a valuable new tool for the accurate quantification of sediment and flow levels in sewer conduits, coastal environments, drainage systems for transport networks, and other industrial or academic applications.

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Cao, Hai Yan, Xue Mei Duan et Hua Xiang Wang. « Study of Sensor of Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) System Based on COMSOL ». Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (août 2013) : 3016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.3016.

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Electrical Capacitance Tomography technique is a new technique for multi-phase flow measurement. With broad application prospects, the purpose of this technique is to identify each phases composition of two-phase/multi-phase flow system in a closed pipe. A new method COMSOL was used to analysis the electrical capacitance tomography of reconstruction image and simulation research. First of all, different electrical models were established, and the reconstruction images of four kinds of representative flow were achieved; In addition, through simulation study of the field with disperse phase, the influence of the electrode number, shielding case and radial electrode to the imaging quality were analyzed; Finally, the reconstruction images of three-phase flow were achieved to obtain the satisfactory result.

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Ryu, Yong-Uk, et Kwang-Hyo Jung. « Multi-phase Flow Velocity Measurement Technique using Shadow Graphic Images ». Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 26, n^o 3 (30 juin 2012) : 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5574/ksoe.2012.26.3.061.

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Cui, Ziqiang, Qian Zhang, Kai Gao, Zihan Xia et Huaxiang Wang. « Electrical Impedance Sensors for Multi-Phase Flow Measurement : A Review ». IEEE Sensors Journal 21, n^o 24 (15 décembre 2021) : 27252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3124625.

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Ismail, I., J. C. Gamio, S. F. A. Bukhari et W. Q. Yang. « Tomography for multi-phase flow measurement in the oil industry ». Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 16, n^o 2-3 (avril 2005) : 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2005.02.017.

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Yianneskis, M. « Velocity, particle sizing concentration measurement techniques for multi-phase flow ». Powder Technology 49, n^o 3 (février 1987) : 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(87)80135-3.

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Szczukiewicz, Sylwia, Navid Borhani et John Richard Thome. « Fine-resolution two-phase flow heat transfer coefficient measurements of refrigerants in multi-microchannel evaporators ». International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 67 (décembre 2013) : 913–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.08.078.

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Liu, Junfeng, Shoubo Shi et Hang Chen. « Experimental Research on Oil–Water Flow Imaging in Near-Horizontal Well Using Single-Probe Multi-Position Measurement Fluid Imager ». Processes 10, n^o 6 (25 mai 2022) : 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061051.

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To obtain local flow velocity and holdup for oil–water in a near-horizontal well, array probes were adopted in the cross section of the wellbore. In this study, a fluid flow imaging logging tool called the single-probe multi-position measurement fluid imager (SPFI) was developed, which consisted of only a single turbine flowmeter and a single capacitance holdup probe. Most importantly, it could collect local velocity and holdup information at different locations along the vertical direction of the wellbore diameter. Firstly, in the large-diameter multi-phase flow simulation test loop, the instrument was placed at five different positions along the wellbore cross section to perform simulated measurements in different wellbore deviation angles and oil–water flowrates. Secondly, the experiment data was analyzed, and the experiment flow pattern chart, instrument response coefficient, and rule of the instrument response were obtained. At the same time, the calculation methods of local holdup and local velocity were derived. Thirdly, by combining the interpolation algorithm, velocity imaging and holdup imaging were implemented, and the stratified flow model was used to calculate the flowrate of each phase. Finally, this study provides technology support for production profile data interpretation using the fluid flow imaging tool for oil–water in a near-horizontal well.

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Dilip Singh, J., et G. Senthilkumar. « Measurement of volume fraction of air in water : experimental Study ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 1197, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1197/1/012031.

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Abstract In multi phase mixing of flow streams, the measurement of fraction of individual components with consideration of proportion of volume need to be analyzed considering the serious issues in many chemical and other processing industries. Even though, quantifiable measurements technique are exist for the calculation of solubility, partial pressure, molar fraction and VOF, the VOF measurement is the meaningful measure of percentage fraction of air in water. In this experimental procedure, the method to resolve the Volume fraction (VOF) is discussed and the same is achieved by impedance probe method.

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Guo, Wen Liang, et Zheng Guo. « Research on Jet Flame Extinguishing Process ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (septembre 2014) : 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.80.

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The flame used in combustion flame spraying is typical of a high-temperature free jet. The flow fields of free jets are multi-phase flows that couple the mass and heat transfer. This work develops an analytical method to describe free combustion spray jets. The aim of the research is to develop a fully understanding of the characteristics of free-flame jets. Experimental measurements were carried by a unique high-speed continuous CCD camera.

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Gao, Jiajun, Shihong Yue, Xila Rong et Huaxiang Wang. « Hydromechanics-based flow velocity estimation using single ERT sensor ». Engineering Research Express 4, n^o 1 (10 février 2022) : 015016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac50f9.

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Abstract Multi-phase flow detection is an important task in flow velocity estimation. Owing to its fast response, no radiation, and low cost, the electrical resistance tomography (ERT) technique with a pair of sensors is typically used to estimate the flow velocity based on the cross-correlation (CC) measurement principle. However, due to the unreasonable a priori assumption, uncertain parameter, and limitation of ERT, this remains inaccurate and unsteady under complex and multi-flow conditions. We propose a novel flow velocity computation method that uses a single ERT sensor instead of a pair. Different from existing methods that are based on the CC principle, both the Churchill and Bernoulli equations in hydromechanics are used to compute flow velocity, based on which an inherent relation among the flow velocity, pressure difference, and density value in a detected pipeline is derived. Since the pressure difference and density value can be accurately computed from measurements from a single ERT sensor, the estimated flow velocity can greatly overcome the limitations when a pair of ERT sensors is employed. The proposed method is validated via a set of experiments, showing that it is more accurate and steadier than existing methods.

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Barratt, I., B. Byrne, J. Mennell et Y. Yan. « The application of position-sensitive detectors in multi-phase flow measurement ». Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A : Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 392, n^o 1-3 (juin 1997) : 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(97)00220-9.

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Gatehouse, Peter D., Marijn P. Rolf, Martin J. Graves, Mark BM Hofman, John Totman, Beat Werner, Rebecca A. Quest et al. « Flow measurement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance : a multi-centre multi-vendor study of background phase offset errors that can compromise the accuracy of derived regurgitant or shunt flow measurements ». Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 12, n^o 1 (2010) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1532-429x-12-5.

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Li, Jilu, Jose A. Vélez González, Carl Leuschen, Ayyangar Harish, Prasad Gogineni, Maurine Montagnat, Ilka Weikusat, Fernando Rodriguez-Morales et John Paden. « Multi-channel and multi-polarization radar measurements around the NEEM site ». Cryosphere 12, n^o 8 (16 août 2018) : 2689–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2689-2018.

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Abstract. Ice properties inferred from multi-polarization measurements, such as birefringence and crystal orientation fabric (COF), can provide insight into ice strain, viscosity, and ice flow. In 2008, the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) used a ground-based VHF (very high frequency) radar to take multi-channel and multi-polarization measurements around the NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) site. The system operated with 30 MHz bandwidth at a center frequency of 150 MHz. This paper describes the radar system, antenna configurations, data collection, and processing and analysis of this data set. Within the framework derived from uniaxial ice crystal model, we found that ice birefringence dominates the power variation patterns of co-polarization and cross-polarization measurements in the area of 100 km2 around the ice core site. The phase shift between ordinary and extraordinary waves increases nonlinearly with depth. The ice optic axis lies in planes that are close to the vertical plane and perpendicular or parallel to the ice divide depending on depth. The ice optic axis has an average tilt angle of about 11.6° vertically, and its plane may rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise by about 10° across the 100 km2 area, and at a specific location the plane may rotate slightly counterclockwise as depth increases. Comparisons between the radar observations, simulations, and ice core fabric data are in very good agreement. We calculated the effective colatitude at different depths by using azimuth and colatitude measurements of the c axis of ice crystals. We obtained an average effective c axis tilt angle of 9.6° from the vertical axis, very comparable to the average optic axis tilt angle estimated from radar polarization measurements. The comparisons give us confidence in applying this polarimetric radio echo sounding technique to infer profiles of ice fabric in locations where there are no ice core measurements.

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Parfenov, Petr, Arkadiy Taranenko, Ilya Selyuzhenkov et Peter Senger. « Performance studies of anisotropic flow with MPD at NICA ». EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019) : 07010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920407010.

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The Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) at NICA collider has a substantial discovery potential concerning the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities and moderate temperatures. The anisotropic transverse flow is one of the key observables to study the properties of dense matter created in heavy-ion collisions. The MPD performance for anisotropic flow measurements is studied with Monte-Carlo simulations of gold ions at NICA energies $\sqrt {{S_{NN}}} = 4 - 11\,{\rm{GeV}}$ using different heavy-ion event generators. Different combinations of the MPD detector subsystems are used to investigate the possible systematic biases in flow measurements, and to study effects of detector azimuthal non-uniformity. The resulting performance of the MPD for flow measurements is demonstrated for directed and elliptic flow of identified charged hadrons as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum in different centrality classes.

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TEZUKA, Kenichi, Michitsugu MORI, Takeshi SUZUKI, Sho HAMADA, Hiroshige KIKURA et Masanori ARITOMI. « Velocity Profile Measurements in a Pipe Flow Using Ultrasonic Pulse Doppler Method(Multi-Phase Flow,Power and Energy System Symposium) ». Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 75, n^o 751 (2009) : 544–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.75.751_544.

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Gong, Mao Fa, Yan Ping Su et Bin An. « Design of Single-Phase Multi-Function Energy Meter ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (octobre 2013) : 2530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2530.

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Taking into account the demands of multi-function meter with high reliability and low cost, a single-phase multi-function energy meter is designed based on the MSP430FE427. There is a multi-parameter measurement, multi-way communication and other functions for the MCU. Hardware circuit and software flow of the system are introduced. The current and voltage design, memory design and communication anti-interface design are described in detail in hardware circuit. Modular design scheme is adopted in the software design. Each module is relatively independent, so the program is easy to modify. It indicates that the energy measurement circuit owns high accuracy through analysis and comparison of test results.

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Klimenok, Valentina, Alexander Dudin et Vladimir Vishnevsky. « Priority Multi-Server Queueing System with Heterogeneous Customers ». Mathematics 8, n^o 9 (4 septembre 2020) : 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091501.

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In this paper, we analyze a multi-server queueing system with heterogeneous customers that arrive according to a marked Markovian arrival process. Customers of two types differ in priorities and parameters of phase type distribution of their service time. The queue under consideration can be used to model the processes of information transmission in telecommunication networks in which often the flow of information is the superposition of several types of flows with correlation of inter-arrival times within each flow and cross-correlation. We define the process of information transmission as the multi-dimensional Markov chain, derive the generator of this chain and compute its stationary distribution. Expressions for computation of various performance measures of the system, including the probabilities of loss of customers of different types, are presented. Output flow from the system is characterized. The presented numerical results confirm the high importance of account of correlation in the arrival process. The values of important performance measures for the systems with the correlated arrival process are essentially different from the corresponding values for the systems with the stationary Poisson arrival process. Measurements in many real world systems show poor approximation of real flows by such an arrival process. However, this process is still popular among the telecommunication engineers due to the evident existing gap between the needs of adequately modeling the real life systems and the current state of the theory of algorithmic methods of queueing theory.

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Misawa, M., I. Tiseanu, H. M. Prasser, N. Ichikawa et M. Akai. « Ultra-fast x-ray tomography for multi-phase flow interface dynamic studies ». Kerntechnik 68, n^o 3 (1 juin 2003) : 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2003-0046.

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Abstract The present paper describes the concept of a fast scanning Xray tomograph, the hardware development, and measurement results of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a vertical pipe. The device uses 18 pulsed X-ray sources activated in a successive order. In this way, a complete set of 18 independent projections of the object is obtained within 38 ms, i. e. the measuring rate is about 250 frames per second. Finally, to evaluate the measurement capability of the fast X-ray CT, a wire-mesh sensor was installed in the flow loop and both systems were operated for the same two-phase flow simultaneously. Comparison of the time series of the cross section averaged void fraction from both systems showed sufficient agreement for slug flow at large void fractions, while the fast CT underestimated the void fraction of bubbly flow especially in low void fraction range. For the wire-mesh sensor, coerced deformation of slug bubble interface was found. Further hardware improvement is in progress to achieve better resolution with the fast X-ray CT scanner.

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Veisi, Aryan, Mohammad Hossein Shahsavari, Gholam Hossein Roshani, Ehsan Eftekhari-Zadeh et Ehsan Nazemi. « Experimental Study of Void Fraction Measurement Using a Capacitance-Based Sensor and ANN in Two-Phase Annular Regimes for Different Fluids ». Axioms 12, n^o 1 (7 janvier 2023) : 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12010066.

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One of the most severe problems in power plants, petroleum and petrochemical industries is the accurate determination of phase fractions in two-phase flows. In this paper, we carried out experimental investigations to validate the simulations for water–air, two-phase flow in an annular pattern. To this end, we performed finite element simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics, conducted experimental investigations in concave electrode shape and, finally, compared both results. Our experimental set-up was constructed for water–air, two-phase flow in a vertical tube. Afterwards, the simulated models in the water–air condition were validated against the measurements. Our results show a relatively low relative error between the simulation and experiment indicating the validation of our simulations. Finally, we designed an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model in order to predict the void fractions in any two-phase flow consisting of petroleum products as the liquid phase in pipelines. In this regard, we simulated a range of various liquid–gas, two-phase flows including crude oil, oil, diesel fuel, gasoline and water using the validated simulation. We developed our ANN model by a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network in MATLAB 9.12.0.188 software. The input parameters of the MLP model were set to the capacitance of the sensor and the liquid phase material, whereas the output parameter was set to the void fraction. The void fraction was predicted with an error of less than 2% for different liquids via our proposed methodology. Using the presented novel metering system, the void fraction of any annular two-phase flow with different liquids can be precisely measured.

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Anand, Gautam, et Andrew Lowe. « Investigating Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Estimating Blood Flow-Induced Variations in Human Forearm ». Sensors 20, n^o 18 (17 septembre 2020) : 5333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185333.

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This work aims to investigate the feasibility of employing multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis for hemodynamic assessment. Towards this, we aim to explore one of its implementations, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), for estimating changes in radial artery diameter due to blood flow. Following from our previous investigations, here, we use a commercial device—the Quadra® Impedance Spectroscopy device—for impedance measurements of the forearm of three subjects under normal conditions and occluding the artery with a cuff. This was performed simultaneously with ultrasound measurements as a reference. The impedance spectra were measured over time, yielding waveforms reflecting changes due to blood flow. Contributions from the fat/muscle domains were accounted for using the occluded impedance response, resulting in arterial impedance. A modified relationship was approximated to calculate the diameter from the arterial impedance, which showed a similarity with ultrasound measurements. Comparison with the ultrasound measurements revealed differences in phase and amplitude, primarily due to the approximated relationship between impedance and diameter and neglecting the impedance phase analysis. This work shows the potential of EIS, with improvements, towards estimating blood flow-induced variation in arteries. Further analysis and improvements could help place this technology in mainstream clinical practice for hemodynamic monitoring.

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Almutairi, Zeyad, Fayez M. Al-Alweet, Yusif A. Alghamdi, Omar A. Almisned et Othman Y. Alothman. « Investigating the Characteristics of Two-Phase Flow Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) for Three Pipe Orientations ». Processes 8, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2020) : 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010051.

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Experiments of gas–liquid flow in a circular pipe for horizontal and inclined positions (upward/downward) are reported. The characteristics of two-phase flow in terms of liquid holdup (ε(L)) and induced flow patterns are studied using three experimental techniques; time-averaged ε(L) from permittivity profiles using electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), instantaneous ε(L) using two fast-closing valves (TFCV), and high-speed camera images (HSCI) to capture/identify the formed flow patterns. Thus, this experimental setup enables the development of more well-defined flow patterns in gas–liquid two-phase flow and allows for multi-technique verification of the results. Taken from experimental measurements, a model is proposed to predict ε(L) for high and low situations. The correlations are a function of the hydrodynamic dimensionless quantities which provide hydrodynamic similarity. Regarding different pipe orientations, ε(L) predictions are comparable to ε(L) from experimental measurements with accepted accuracy: 88% of the predictions are within ±5–15% and 98% are below ±20%. The correlations also were validated by reported results and against correlations available in the literature and show higher prediction accuracy. It is confirmed that the kinematic similarity which is achieved by the gas–liquid velocity ratios and the inertial forces influence the flow pattern and the liquid holdup.

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Hua, Chenquan, Yixiang Yin, Shuning Sun, Hao Zhu et Lanchang Xing. « Each-Phase Metering with Gas-Liquid Stratified Flow Based on the Multi-Frequency Coriolis Principle ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 21 (2 novembre 2020) : 7747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217747.

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Gas-liquid two-phase flows generally have the characteristics of complex and variable flow patterns and flow rate uncertainty of each phase. The entrainment of gas increases errors of the existing non-separated multiphase metering. A novel metering method based on the multi-frequency Coriolis principle is proposed to solve the above problems. Compared to the conventional Coriolis mass flowmeter, the third-order mode of the measuring tube is used to improve the accuracy of the measurement. The influences of bubble effect and resonance effect on vibration responses in different vibrational modes were studied to determine the deviations of the apparent values of total density and mass flowrate by simulation. Simulation results with a single-frequency Coriolis flowmeter show that the maximum relative deviations of total density and total mass flowrate are −37.3% and −9.3%, respectively. Driven by different frequencies, the same two phase fluid in the measuring tube can have different responses of the primary mode and the higher vibrational modes. The vibrational responses characteristics corresponding to the first-order and third-order modes of measuring tube were selected and analyzed. Combined with advantages of high precision and multi-parameter measurement of traditional single-frequency Coriolis flowmeters, a multi-frequency correction model suitable for stratified flow was proposed. The results show that the corrected total density and mass flow deviations of gas-containing fluid are within ±4% and ±3%, respectively, which are significantly reduced. Corrected flowrate deviations of the gas-phase and liquid-phase are ±9.1% and ±7.2%, correspondingly, which also meet the metering requirements of the wellhead.

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Magdy, Niseem. « Beam Energy Dependence of the Linear and Mode-Coupled Flow Harmonics Using the a Multi-Phase Transport Model ». Universe 9, n^o 2 (18 février 2023) : 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9020107.

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In the framework of the A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model, the multi-particle azimuthal cumulant method is used to calculate the linear and mode-coupled contributions to the quadrangular flow harmonic (v4) and the mode-coupled response coefficient as functions of centrality in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 200, 39, 27 and 19.6 GeV. This study indicates that the linear and mode-coupled contributions to v4 are sensitive to beam energy change. Nevertheless, the correlations between different-order flow symmetry planes and the mode-coupled response coefficients show weak beam energy dependence. In addition, the presented results suggest that the experimental measurements that span a broad range of beam energies can be an additional constraint for the theoretical model calculations.

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MURAKAWA, Hideki, Hiroshige KIKURA et Masanori ARITOMI. « 1108 Development of a measurement technique for multi-phase flow using a multi-wave ultrasonic method ». Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2005 (2005) : 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2005.164.

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Kinghorn, F. C. « Challenging Areas in Flow Measurement ». Measurement and Control 21, n^o 8 (octobre 1988) : 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029408802100801.

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Flow measurement has many applications and a wide range of techniques is used. In many industrial sectors there are particular difficulties in measuring flowrate and often special solutions are required. Some of the problems in the oil and gas, biotechnology, automobile and water supply industries are described and the shortcomings or difficulties associated with the methods currently being used are identified. There are also numerous technical difficulties which span several industrial sectors and the topics of multi-phase flow, direct mass flow measurement, pipework configuration effects and computational fluid dynamics are covered, although it is recognised that these are only a few of a very much larger number of difficult areas.

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