Bibliographies thématiques / Multi-field approach

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Multi-field approach »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 25 mai 2024
Mis à jour le 7 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Multi-field approach"

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Ran, Shi-Yong, et Jun-Li Jia. « A multi-field approach to DNA condensation ». Chinese Physics B 24, no 12 (décembre 2015) : 128702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/24/12/128702.

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Hasse, Cathrine. « The multi-variation approach ». Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 10, no 1 (29 mai 2019) : 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2019-0017.

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AbstractThis article argues that a multi-variation approach can be a useful supplement to existing ethnographic studies in the field of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). The multi-variation approach builds on classical ethnographic case studies, where a researcher studies a delimited field in a microstudy of a particular robot, its makers, users, and affected stakeholders. The approach is also inspired by multi-sited studies, where researchers move across fields, adding to the complexity of the ethnographic findings. Whereas both approaches build on analysis of microstudies, the multi-variation approach is further inspired by postphenomenology, where the main aim is to deliberately seek variation – thus again adding to the complexity of the detailed findings. Here, the multivariation approach includes several researchers studying several types of robots across sites. The analytical approach seeks patterns across this complexity – and the claim is that a multi-variation approach has a strength in findings that are systematic and consistent across cases, sites, and variations. The article gives an example of such cross-variation findings in the robot field – namely the tendency for roboticists across cases and robot types to publicly present their robots as more finished and wellfunctioning than they actually are.
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Wang, Yunzhi, et Armen G. Khachaturyan. « Multi-scale phase field approach to martensitic transformations ». Materials Science and Engineering : A 438-440 (novembre 2006) : 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.04.123.

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Vasiliev, A. A., S. V. Dmitriev et A. E. Miroshnichenko. « Multi-field approach in mechanics of structural solids ». International Journal of Solids and Structures 47, no 3-4 (février 2010) : 510–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.10.016.

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Vacca, Gian Paolo, Alessandro Codello, Mahmoud Safari et Omar Zanusso. « Multi-Critical Multi-Field Models : A CFT Approach to the Leading Order ». Universe 5, no 6 (13 juin 2019) : 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5060151.

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We present some general results for the multi-critical multi-field models in d > 2 recently obtained using conformal field theory (CFT) and Schwinger–Dyson methods at the perturbative level without assuming any symmetry. Results in the leading non trivial order are derived consistently for several conformal data in full agreement with functional perturbative renormalization group (RG) methods. Mechanisms like emergent (possibly approximate) symmetries can be naturally investigated in this framework.
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Gong, Jinn-Ouk, et Takahiro Tanaka. « A covariant approach to general field space metric in multi-field inflation ». Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2011, no 03 (7 mars 2011) : 015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2011/03/015.

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Sarkar, Shreya G., Raghwendra Kumar, Gaurav Singh et Debabrata Biswas. « Simulating multi-scale gated field emitters—A hybrid approach ». Physics of Plasmas 28, no 1 (janvier 2021) : 013111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0036358.

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Michalopoulou, Zoi‐Heleni. « Robust multi-tonal matched-field inversion : A coherent approach ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no 1 (juillet 1998) : 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.423954.

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Gong, Jinn-Ouk, et Takahiro Tanaka. « Erratum : A covariant approach to general field space metric in multi-field inflation ». Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2012, no 02 (6 février 2012) : E01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2012/02/e01.

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Festa, Adriano, et Simone Göttlich. « A Mean Field Game approach for multi-lane traffic management ». IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no 32 (2018) : 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.448.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Multi-field approach"

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Sustar, Tomaz. « A solution approach to non-linear multi-field problems ». Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42573.

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In this work a solution approach for non-linear multi-filed problems is presented. The approach is based on co-operative usage of several advanced techniques inside a single environment instead of combining several different systems. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of advanced computational techniques to complex numerical problems and to present advantages of a co-operative solution environment in the development of finite elements. The solution environment, implemented in Mathematica, consists of a symbolic code generator - AceGen, a package of prearranged modules for the automatic creation of the interfaces between the generated code and specific finite element environment - Computational Templates and a model finite element environment called Finite Element Driver. Within the scope of this work the ANSI C version of Finite Element Driver - CDriver was developed and used for numerical evaluation throughout the work. The CDriver is fully integrated with Mathematica and it provides high numerical efficiency to the environment. The solution approach is demonstrated on magneto-thermo-mechanical problem of inductive heat treatment. First the high abstract formulation level, which is required for efficient symbolic description, was introduced. Following the general formulation the models of individual magnetic, thermal and displacement fields were derived. After the individual fields model were verified the magneto-thermal and magneto- thermo-mechanical problems were formulated and derived. Both non-linear multi- filed models were verified using analytical solutions and numerical convergence tests. Different multi-filed solution strategies were applied to numerical examples and their performance issues were studied using the magneto-thermo-mechanical model. Finally the large scale numerical example of inductive heat treatment was solved.
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Dai, Zhenwen, et 戴振文. « A Markov random field approach for multi-view normal integration ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4308588X.

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Dai, Zhenwen. « A Markov random field approach for multi-view normal integration ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4308588X.

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Davis, Matthew Harris. « A Bond Valence-Based Force Field : A Multi-Body Approach ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3796.

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The typical form for a molecular mechanics force field consists of a foundation of pair-wise terms to describe bonded and non-bonded atomic interactions, with multi-body correction terms to deal with the limitations of pair-wise terms. I present here the first attempts of a molecular mechanics model that is founded on multi-body terms, which are based on the Bond Valence Model (Brown, 2002) and recent developments in the Vectorial Bond Valence Model (Bickmore et al., 2013a; Harvey et al., 2006). I calibrated these models on pressure vs. energy curves for a set of SiO2 polymorphs. The average deviation for the best-fit iteration, with only six adjustable parameters was ±1.98 kcal/mol.
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Hagelbäck, Johan. « A Multi-Agent Potential Field based approach for Real-Time Strategy Game bots ». Licentiate thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00428.

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Computer games in general and Real-Time Strategy (RTS) games in particular provide a rich challenge for both human- and computer controlled players, often denoted as bots. The player or bot controls a large number of units that have to navigate in partially unknown dynamic worlds to pursue a goal. Navigation in such worlds can be complex and require much computational resources. Typically it is solved by using some sort of path planning algorithm, and a lot of research has been conducted to improve the performance of such algorithms in dynamic worlds. The main goal of this thesis is to investigate an alternative approach for RTS bots based on Artificial Potential Fields, an area originating from robotics. In robotics the technique has successfully been used for navigation in dynamic environments, and we show that it is possible to use Artificial Potential Fields for navigation in an RTS game setting without any need of path planning. In the first three papers we define and demonstrate a methodology for creating multi-agent potential field based bots for an RTS game scenario where two tank armies battle each other. The fourth paper addresses incomplete information about the game world, referred to as the fog of war, and show how Potential Field based bots can handle such environments. The final paper shows how a Potential Field based bot can be evolved to handle a more complex full RTS scenario. It addresses resource gathering, construction of bases, technological development and construction of an army consisting of different types of units. We show that Artificial Potential Fields is a viable option for several RTS game scenarios and that the performance, both in terms of being able to win a game and computational resources used, can match and even surpass those of traditional approaches based on path planning.
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Asseburg, Christian. « A Bayesian approach to modelling field data on multi-species predator prey-interactions ». Thesis, St Andrews, 2006. https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/174.

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Hagelbäck, Johan. « A multi-agent potential field based approach for real-time strategy game bots / ». Karlskrona : Department of Systems and Software Engineering, School of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00428.

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RAMASWAMY, EASWAR SINGANELLORE. « AN APPROACH TOWARDS HDL MODEL GENERATION FOR THE MULTI-TECHNOLOGY FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1139339547.

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Engels, Philipp Simon [Verfasser], Alexander [Gutachter] Hartmaier et Ingo [Gutachter] Steinbach. « A multi-phase-field simulation approach incorporating finite, elasto-plastic deformations / Philipp Simon Engels. Gutachter : Alexander Hartmaier ; Ingo Steinbach ». Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102525499/34.

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Uusitalo, Tim. « A first approach in applying Artificial Potential Fields in Car Games ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2480.

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In car racing simulation games, finishing first is the main goal. To reach that goal, it is required to go around a racing track, competing against other cars aiming for the same goal. Implementing a bot for doing so may have its difficulties, although using a technique called multi-agent systems combined with artificial potential field, let- ting the agents take care of subtasks like keeping the car on the track, minimize how much the car turns in a curvature and basics in navigation around the track, has showed that artificial potential fields very well fit the problem of driving a car in simulated car racing in a competitive way.
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Livres sur le sujet "Multi-field approach"

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Genugten, Willem J. M. van. et Groot Gerard A. de, dir. United Nations sanctions : Effectiveness and effects, especially in the field of human rights : a multi-disciplinary approach. Antwerpen : Intersentia, 1999.

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Weinberg, Kerstin, et Anna Pandolfi, dir. Innovative Numerical Approaches for Multi-Field and Multi-Scale Problems. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39022-2.

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Murav'ev, Dmitriy, Aleksandr Rahmangulov, Nikita Osincev, Sergey Kornilov et Aleksandr Cyganov. The system "seaport - "dry" port". ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816639.

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The monograph presents an approach to solving the problem of increasing the throughput and processing capacity of seaports in conditions of limiting their territorial dislocation and increasing the unevenness of external and internal cargo flows. The basis of the approach is the proposed system of the main parameters of the dry port and the methodology of simulation modeling of the functioning of the system "seaport - dry port". The material is illustrated with examples of the implementation of the developed approach, including model scenarios of multi-agent optimization of the parameters of the system under study. The proposed approach and the developed methodology can be used to justify management decisions on the balanced development of transport and logistics infrastructure of the regions hosting sea and dry ports. It is intended for specialists of transport and logistics companies, engineering and technical workers engaged in solving problems in the field of logistics, supply chain management and transport infrastructure design. In addition, it is recommended to students in the following programs: postgraduate studies 23.06.01 "Land transport engineering and technology" (focus "Transport and transport-technological systems of the country, its regions and cities, organization of production in transport") and 27.06.01 "Management in technical systems" (focus "Management of transportation processes"); master's degree 23.04.01 "Technology of transport processes" (profile "Organization of transportation and management in a single transport system"); bachelor's degree 38.03.02 "Management" (profile "Logistics") and 23.03.01 "Technology of transport processes".
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Boasson, Elin Lerum. National Climate Policy : A Multi-Field Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Boasson, Elin Lerum. National Climate Policy : A Multi-Field Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Boasson, Elin Lerum. National Climate Policy : A Multi-Field Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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United Nations Sanctions : Effectiveness and Effects, Especially in the Field of Human Rights, a Multi-disciplinary Approach. Intersentia Uitgevers N V, 2003.

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Pinson, Gilles. The French Way to Multi-Level Governance. Sous la direction de Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman et Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.6.

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Originally emerging from the field of EU studies, the notion and approach of multi-level governance (MLG) have progressively been transferred to a variety of other subfields. This chapter argues that three particularities characterize the way in which French political scientists have dealt with governance and MLG. First, the notion of governance has not had great success since the existing notion of government has long been used in a sociological and relational way to describe processes and outcomes rather than merely executive institutions. Second, French scholars who adopted the notion quickly departed from the early definition of governance as opposed to government, institutions, or coercion. Third, the use of governance and MLG helped to consolidate a French way of doing political science that was based on a reluctance toward theoretical hastiness, a sensitivity to varieties of situations and processes in time and space, and a shared constructivist stance.
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Weinberg, Kerstin, et Anna Pandolfi. Innovative Numerical Approaches for Multi-Field and Multi-Scale Problems : In Honor of Michael Ortiz's 60th Birthday. Springer, 2018.

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Weinberg, Kerstin, et Anna Pandolfi. Innovative Numerical Approaches for Multi-Field and Multi-Scale Problems : In Honor of Michael Ortiz's 60th Birthday. Springer London, Limited, 2016.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Multi-field approach"

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Steinbach, Ingo, et Hesham Salama. « Multi-Phase-Field Approach ». Dans Lectures on Phase Field, 61–68. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21171-3_6.

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AbstractIn this chapter the extension of a phase-field model for two phases to multiple phases is presented. This relates to the treatment of triple lines and junctions between several phases, or grains in a multicrystalline structure. The conservation constraint of the sum of all fields in one material point is realized using a Lagrange formalism. The free energy functional is expanded in pairs of phases, as well as the equation of motion of individual phase fields in dependence on all other fields. As example coarsening and texture evolution in a multi grain structure with anisotropic interface energy is presented.
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Suris, Yuri B. « Multi-field Toda-like Systems ». Dans The Problem of Integrable Discretization : Hamiltonian Approach, 455–81. Basel : Birkhäuser Basel, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8016-9_12.

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Suris, Yuri B. « Multi-field Volterra-like Systems ». Dans The Problem of Integrable Discretization : Hamiltonian Approach, 533–65. Basel : Birkhäuser Basel, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8016-9_15.

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Suris, Yuri B. « Multi-field Relativistic Volterra-like Systems ». Dans The Problem of Integrable Discretization : Hamiltonian Approach, 567–603. Basel : Birkhäuser Basel, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8016-9_16.

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Suris, Yuri B. « Multi-field Systems of the Relativistic Toda Type ». Dans The Problem of Integrable Discretization : Hamiltonian Approach, 483–506. Basel : Birkhäuser Basel, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8016-9_13.

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Blank, Luise, M. Hassan Farshbaf-Shaker, Harald Garcke, Christoph Rupprecht et Vanessa Styles. « Multi-material Phase Field Approach to Structural Topology Optimization ». Dans International Series of Numerical Mathematics, 231–46. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05083-6_15.

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Baxter, J. L., E. K. Burke, J. M. Garibaldi et M. Norman. « Multi-Robot Search and Rescue : A Potential Field Based Approach ». Dans Autonomous Robots and Agents, 9–16. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73424-6_2.

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Lu, Conglin, Stephen M. Pizer et Sarang Joshi. « A Markov Random Field Approach to Multi-scale Shape Analysis ». Dans Scale Space Methods in Computer Vision, 416–31. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44935-3_29.

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Kazakov, A. V., A. A. Erofeev, B. V. Vasekin, D. D. Filippov, I. D. Burkin, P. D. Tumanov, V. A. Mukhanov et A. A. Popov. « The New Approach to Field Infrastructure Design Based on Multi-parameter Optimization ». Dans Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 1236–53. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0475-0_102.

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Gratus, Varuvel Antony, et Xavier Pruno Pratibha. « Multi-release Software : An Approach for Assessment of Reliability Metrics from Field Data ». Dans Mining Intelligence and Knowledge Exploration, 475–86. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03844-5_48.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Multi-field approach"

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Mukati, M. Umair, et Bahadir K. Gunturk. « Light field registration : A multi-view geometry approach ». Dans 2016 24th Signal Processing and Communication Application Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2016.7495983.

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Jones, I. F., R. Christensen, J. Haynes, J. Faragher, I. Novianti, H. Morris et G. Pickering. « The Brenda Field Development – A Multi-Disciplinary Approach ». Dans 67th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.1.e010.

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Jones, Ian F., Rod Christensen, Jamie Haynes, John Faragher, Ika Novianti, Henry Morris et Giles Pickering. « The Brenda Field development : A multi‐disciplinary approach ». Dans SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2004. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1842394.

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Khodabakhshi, Morteza, Behnam Jafarpour et Michael J. King. « Field Applications of a Multi-Scale Multi-Physics History Matching Approach ». Dans SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/173239-ms.

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Semenov, Andrey. « Optimization Of Green Field Development Using Multi-Realization Approach ». Dans Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/188900-ms.

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Ibrahim, Ihsan, Anak Agung Putri Ratna et Naoki Fukuta. « Human-Interface Approach Towards Multi-Agent System Field Optimization ». Dans 2021 17th International Conference on Quality in Research (QIR) : International Symposium on Electrical and Computer Engineering. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qir54354.2021.9716196.

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Mathur, Shailendra, et Stephen McNeill. « Editing and Managing Multi-Channel Video — A Light Field Approach ». Dans SMPTE Technical Conference. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/m001073.

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Plenkina, Vera, Aina Mamaeva et Irina Osinovskaya. « Management of Arctic Field Development Based on a Multi-Criteria Approach ». Dans Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems : Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.051.

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Guo, Pengcheng, Xiangdong Su, Haoran Zhang, Meng Wang et Feilong Bao. « A Multi-Scaled Receptive Field Learning Approach for Medical Image Segmentation ». Dans ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9054030.

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Poldervaart, Leen, Bram Van Cann et Olivier de Bonnafos. « A Multi-disciplinary Design Approach for a Deepwater Field Development Solution ». Dans Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/15065-ms.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Multi-field approach"

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Zanoni, Wladimir, et Lina M. Díaz. Discrimination Against Migrants and its Determinants : Evidence from a Multi-Purpose Field Experiment in the Housing Rental Market. Inter-American Development Bank, mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004803.

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The increasing number of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, which now exceeds 2.9 million, has raised concerns about their potential discrimination and socioeconomic integration. We propose a novel approach to studying discrimination in the housing rental market by conducting a multi-purpose field experiment with 574 real estate agents to, not only measure the extent of discrimination but also to explore its determinants. After gathering comprehensive data about the REAs, they evaluated rental applications from Colombian, Venezuelan, and OECD families. Our findings suggest the presence of discrimination in the housing rental market, as REAs were less likely to choose a Venezuelan family over a Colombian or OECD family. We identified that this discrimination was a combination of taste and statistical discrimination, influenced by factors such as age, gender, cognitive skills, and local market knowledge. We found that the discriminatory social norm is well recognized among REAs. This study has significant implications for policymakers, advocates, and practitioners, not only in Colombia but globally, as it sheds light on the mechanisms of discrimination against migrant populations and emphasizes the need to promote their integration and well-being.
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Huang, Haohang, Erol Tutumluer, Jiayi Luo, Kelin Ding, Issam Qamhia et John Hart. 3D Image Analysis Using Deep Learning for Size and Shape Characterization of Stockpile Riprap Aggregates—Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-017.

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Riprap rock and aggregates are extensively used in structural, transportation, geotechnical, and hydraulic engineering applications. Field determination of morphological properties of aggregates such as size and shape can greatly facilitate the quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) process for proper aggregate material selection and engineering use. Many aggregate imaging approaches have been developed to characterize the size and morphology of individual aggregates by computer vision. However, 3D field characterization of aggregate particle morphology is challenging both during the quarry production process and at construction sites, particularly for aggregates in stockpile form. This research study presents a 3D reconstruction-segmentation-completion approach based on deep learning techniques by combining three developed research components: field 3D reconstruction procedures, 3D stockpile instance segmentation, and 3D shape completion. The approach was designed to reconstruct aggregate stockpiles from multi-view images, segment the stockpile into individual instances, and predict the unseen side of each instance (particle) based on the partial visible shapes. Based on the dataset constructed from individual aggregate models, a state-of-the-art 3D instance segmentation network and a 3D shape completion network were implemented and trained, respectively. The application of the integrated approach was demonstrated on re-engineered stockpiles and field stockpiles. The validation of results using ground-truth measurements showed satisfactory algorithm performance in capturing and predicting the unseen sides of aggregates. The algorithms are integrated into a software application with a user-friendly graphical user interface. Based on the findings of this study, this stockpile aggregate analysis approach is envisioned to provide efficient field evaluation of aggregate stockpiles by offering convenient and reliable solutions for on-site QA/QC tasks of riprap rock and aggregate stockpiles.
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Jay. L51723 Guidelines for Sound Power Level Measurements Compressor Equipment. Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), décembre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010419.

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Increasing legislation and public awareness of noise are intensifying the efforts of industries today to reduce the noise. The natural gas industry has proved that it is one of the industrial leaders in its awareness of noise problems and has maintained a vigorous research program in noise control for over 30 years. A noise survey can be done in several ways: point measurements, grid point methods, contour methods, scanning techniques, etc. The selection of the method depends on the accuracy required, available personnel, expertise etc. For the most accurate determination of sound power, the scanning method using sound intensity measurements is considered to be the best available in present day circumstances. This method is discussed in detail in later chapters. Point and grid point measurements are useful to determine the Sound Pressure Level, but are of limited use in quantifying the Sound Power Level of a noise source in a complex and multi-source environment such as a compressor station. Guidelines for Sound Power Level Measurements for Compressor Station Equipment Report documents the development of guidelines for in-situ sound power level measurements for compressor station equipment, with sample calculations. Measurement of equipment noise levels in a complex, multi-source environment is very difficult and may be accomplished by several methods. These guidelines specify the sound intensity approach that can be used in almost any field situation. The sound power guidelines described in this report specify the sound intensity approach as the primary measurement method since it can be used in almost any field situation to determine the sound power of a source. In open spaces without reflecting surfaces (except the ground plane) sound pressure measurements may give satisfactory estimates of the sound power of noise sources if background noise is low and other sources can be turned off. Inside a compressor building, the modified reverberation room approach may be allowed, but then only the total sound power can be determined unless background sources can be controlled or other sources turned off. Lastly, the standard guidelines developed were used to conduct field measurements of the sound power of four equipment noise sources including: a) turbine casing, b) turbine air inlet, c) cooler and d) exhaust stack.
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Letcher, Theodore, Julie Parno, Zoe Courville, Lauren Farnsworth et Jason Olivier. A generalized photon-tracking approach to simulate spectral snow albedo and transmittance using X-ray microtomography and geometric optics. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), juin 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47122.

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A majority of snow radiative transfer models (RTMs) treat snow as a collection of idealized grains rather than an organized ice–air matrix. Here we present a generalized multi-layer photon-tracking RTM that simulates light reflectance and transmittance of snow based on X-ray micro- tomography images, treating snow as a coherent 3D structure rather than a collection of grains. The model uses a blended approach to expand ray-tracing techniques applied to sub-1 cm3 snow samples to snowpacks of arbitrary depths. While this framework has many potential applications, this study’s effort is focused on simulating reflectance and transmittance in the visible and near infrared (NIR) through thin snow- packs as this is relevant for surface energy balance and remote sensing applications. We demonstrate that this framework fits well within the context of previous work and capably reproduces many known optical properties of a snow surface, including the dependence of spectral reflectance on the snow specific surface area and incident zenith angle as well as the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). To evaluate the model, we compare it against reflectance data collected with a spectroradiometer at a field site in east-central Vermont. In this experiment, painted panels were inserted at various depths beneath the snow to emulate thin snow. The model compares remarkably well against the reflectance measured with a spectroradiometer, with an average RMSE of 0.03 in the 400–1600 nm range. Sensitivity simulations using this model indicate that snow transmittance is greatest in the visible wavelengths, limiting light penetration to the top 6 cm of the snowpack for fine-grain snow but increasing to 12 cm for coarse-grain snow. These results suggest that the 5% transmission depth in snow can vary by over 6 cm according to the snow type.
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Redwood, John. Environmental and Social Management in Multisectoral Urban Development Projects : A Good Practice Study of the IDB-Supported Procidades Program in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, février 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006981.

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Over the past several decades, the Inter-American Development Bank (hereafter "the Bank") has gained considerable experience with regard to the promotion of urban development in Brazil through multi-sectoral and global multiple works projects at the municipal level. This has also entailed a valuable learning process with respect to the challenges in environmental and social planning and management associated with urban development in the country. As a result, much of what the Bank is currently doing in connection with its extensive urban development portfolio in Brazil can be characterized as good practice. This is particularly the case in terms of its reliance on strategic planning at the local level and in the ways in which environmental and social considerations and components have been integrated - or "mainstreamed" - into project and design and implementation. Based on a review of pertinent documents, interviews with Bank staff and selected borrowers, and field visits to one completed and two advanced active Procidades projects in the states of Parana and Mato Grosso do Sul in February 2013, the purpose of this paper is to summarize these features of the Bank's approach to urban development in Brazil, to briefly describe how this approach has evolved over time and to identify a few areas where possible improvements might be useful.
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Levisohn, Sharon, Mark Jackwood et Stanley Kleven. New Approaches for Detection of Mycoplasma iowae Infection in Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, février 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612834.bard.

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Mycoplasma iowae (Mi) is a pathogenic avian mycoplasma which causes mortality in turkey embryos and as such has clinical and economic significance for the turkey breeder industry. Control of Mi infection is severely hampered by lack of adequate diagnostic tests, together with resistance to most antibiotics and resilience to environment. A markedly high degree of intra-species antigenic variation also contributes to difficulties in detection and control of infection. In this project we have designed an innovative gene-based diagnostic test based on specific amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of Mi. This reaction, designed Multi-species PCR-RFLP test, also amplifies the DNA of the pathogenic avian mycoplasmas M. gallisepticum (Mg) and M. synoviae (Ms). This test detects DNA equivalent to about 300 cfu Mi or either of the other two target mycoplasmas, individually or in mixed infection. It is a quick test, applicable to a wide variety of clinical samples, such as allantoic fluid or tracheal or cloacal swab suspensions. Differential diagnosis is carried out by gel electro-phoresis of the PCR amplicon digested with selected restriction enzymes (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). This can also be readily accomplished by using a simple Dot-Blot hybridization assay with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes reacting specifically with unique Mi, Mg or Ms sequences in the PCR amplicon. The PCR/OLIGO test increased sensitivity by at least 10-fold with a capacity for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. Experimental infection trials were carried out to evaluate the diagnostic tools and to study pathogenesis of Mi infection. Field studies and experimental infection of embryonated eggs indicated both synergistic and competitive interaction of mycoplasma pathogens in mixed infection. The value of the PCR diagnostic tests for following the time course of egg transmission was shown. A workable serological test (Dot Immunobinding Assay) was also developed but there was no clear-cut evidence that infected turkeys develop an immune response. Typing of a wide spectrum of Mi field isolates by a variety of gene-based molecular techniques indicated a higher degree of genetic homogeneity than predicted on the basis of the phenotypic variability. All known strains of Mi were detected by the method developed. Together with an M. meleagridis-PCR test based on the same gene, the Multi-species PCR test is a highly valuable tool for diagnosis of pathogenic mycoplasmas in single or mixed infection. The further application of this rapid and specific test as a part of Mi and overall mycoplasma control programs will be dependent on developments in the turkey industry.
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Wozniakowska, P., D. W. Eaton, C. Deblonde, A. Mort et O. H. Ardakani. Identification of regional structural corridors in the Montney play using trend surface analysis combined with geophysical imaging, British Columbia and Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328850.

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The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is a mature oil and gas basin with an extraordinary endowment of publicly accessible data. It contains structural elements of varying age, expressed as folding, faulting, and fracturing, which provide a record of tectonic activity during basin evolution. Knowledge of the structural architecture of the basin is crucial to understand its tectonic evolution; it also provides essential input for a range of geoscientific studies, including hydrogeology, geomechanics, and seismic risk analysis. This study focuses on an area defined by the subsurface extent of the Triassic Montney Formation, a region of the WCSB straddling the border between Alberta and British Columbia, and covering an area of approximately 130,000 km2. In terms of regional structural elements, this area is roughly bisected by the east-west trending Dawson Creek Graben Complex (DCGC), which initially formed in the Late Carboniferous, and is bordered to the southwest by the Late Cretaceous - Paleocene Rocky Mountain thrust and fold belt (TFB). The structural geology of this region has been extensively studied, but structural elements compiled from previous studies exhibit inconsistencies arising from distinct subregions of investigation in previous studies, differences in the interpreted locations of faults, and inconsistent terminology. Moreover, in cases where faults are mapped based on unpublished proprietary data, many existing interpretations suffer from a lack of reproducibility. In this study, publicly accessible data - formation tops derived from well logs, LITHOPROBE seismic profiles and regional potential-field grids, are used to delineate regional structural elements. Where seismic profiles cross key structural features, these features are generally expressed as multi-stranded or en echelon faults and structurally-linked folds, rather than discrete faults. Furthermore, even in areas of relatively tight well control, individual fault structures cannot be discerned in a robust manner, because the spatial sampling is insufficient to resolve fault strands. We have therefore adopted a structural-corridor approach, where structural corridors are defined as laterally continuous trends, identified using geological trend surface analysis supported by geophysical data, that contain co-genetic faults and folds. Such structural trends have been documented in laboratory models of basement-involved faults and some types of structural corridors have been described as flower structures. The distinction between discrete faults and structural corridors is particularly important for induced seismicity risk analysis, as the hazard posed by a single large structure differs from the hazard presented by a corridor of smaller pre-existing faults. We have implemented a workflow that uses trend surface analysis based on formation tops, with extensive quality control, combined with validation using available geophysical data. Seven formations are considered, from the Late Cretaceous Basal Fish Scale Zone (BFSZ) to the Wabamun Group. This approach helped to resolve the problem of limited spatial extent of available seismic data and provided a broader spatial coverage, enabling the investigation of structural trends throughout the entirety of the Montney play. In total, we identified 34 major structural corridors and number of smaller-scale structures, for which a GIS shapefile is included as a digital supplement to facilitate use of these features in other studies. Our study also outlines two buried regional foreland lobes of the Rocky Mountain TFB, both north and south of the DCGC.
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe et Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk : A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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Huang, Lei, Meng Song, Hui Shen, Huixiao Hong, Ping Gong, Deng Hong-Wen et Zhang Chaoyang. Deep learning methods for omics data imputation. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), février 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48221.

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One common problem in omics data analysis is missing values, which can arise due to various reasons, such as poor tissue quality and insufficient sample volumes. Instead of discarding missing values and related data, imputation approaches offer an alternative means of handling missing data. However, the imputation of missing omics data is a non-trivial task. Difficulties mainly come from high dimensionality, non-linear or nonmonotonic relationships within features, technical variations introduced by sampling methods, sample heterogeneity, and the non-random missingness mechanism. Several advanced imputation methods, including deep learning-based methods, have been proposed to address these challenges. Due to its capability of modeling complex patterns and relationships in large and high-dimensional datasets, many researchers have adopted deep learning models to impute missing omics data. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the currently available deep learning-based methods for omics imputation from the perspective of deep generative model architectures such as autoencoder, variational autoencoder, generative adversarial networks, and Transformer, with an emphasis on multi-omics data imputation. In addition, this review also discusses the opportunities that deep learning brings and the challenges that it might face in this field.
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Unal, Beyza, Julia Cournoyer, Calum Inverarity et Yasmin Afina. Uncertainty and complexity in nuclear decision-making. Royal Institute of International Affairs, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135157.

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Complex systems modelling is already implemented in critical policy areas such as climate change and health. It could also play an important role in the nuclear weapons sphere – by opening alternative pathways that may help mitigate risks of confrontation and escalation – but such modelling has yet to be fully embraced by policymakers in this community. By applying a complexity lens, policy- and decision-makers at all stages along the nuclear chain of command might better understand how their actions could have significant consequences for international security and peace. Nuclear decision-making is shaped by, and interacts with, the ever-changing international security environment and nuclear weapons policy. Tackling problems in the nuclear weapons policy field requires the implementation of ‘system of systems’ design principles, mathematical modelling approaches and multidisciplinary analysis. This research paper presents nuclear weapons decision-making as a complex endeavour, with individual decisions being influenced by multiple factors such as reasoning, intuition (gut feeling), biases and system-level noise. At a time of crisis, these factors may combine to cause risks of escalation. The authors draw on past examples of near nuclear use to examine decision-making in the nuclear context as a ‘wicked problem’, with multi-layered, interacting and constantly fluctuating elements.
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