Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Multi-cils »

Abstract The paper aims at defining the management framework for community innovation labs (CILs) linked to higher education institutions (HEIs) by applying the Delphi method. CILs are regarded as experimental settings established in HEIs aimed at addressing societal challenges. Specifically, the research study investigated the following questions: (1) What is the HEI-based CIL purpose and role, which is beneficial to society; (2) What kinds of governance, business method, capabilities and core activities are necessary for the establishment of viable CILs in HEIs; and (3) What forms of added value generated by CILs have the most potential for benefiting society? Results indicate that during 2020s it is expected that CILs will play a significant role in designing the local, regional or country innovation agenda. Also, they are expected to establish networks of people and multi-disciplinary teams that can address various societal challenges, while aiming at catalysing deeper, more sustainable and more creative approaches to systemic change. In addition to reinforcing the conceptualisation of a HEI-based CIL, the research results indicate understandings of the role and priorities of HEIs in CILs. This, then, leaves open how a CIL can manifest across and within communities when operationalized through this developing management framework. The ongoing process of shaping the effective CIL governance and HEI collaboration calls for dialogue, exploration and pilot solutions.

The current study aimed to test the direct and indirect effects of acculturation on the psychological well-being among the adolescent children of Asian origin. Subgroup analysis was conducted to compare these effects between Asian refugee and non-refugee children. Data were from the follow-up survey of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS). The analytic sample included adolescents from Asian refugee families (N = 563) and non-refugee families (N = 779). Adolescent acculturation was assessed by three proxy measures: nativity, time in the United States, and U.S. preference. Family dynamics were measured by adolescents’ perceptions about parent-child conflict and family cohesion. Multi-group structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings suggested that the direct effects of acculturation on psychological well-being were dependent upon the proxy measure of acculturation and the immigration type. Mediation analyses showed that higher level of acculturation was generally related to higher parent-child conflict and lower family cohesion, which, in turn, were associated with lower psychological well-being in the refugee subsample, but not the non-refugee subsample. Our findings call for programs that can take advantage of the protective role of family cohesion and reduce the negative impact of parent-child conflict. Special attention needs to be paid to the refugee population from Asia.

The article presents considerations regarding the usefulness of social capital in studying integration paths, and it examines research data on the integration of the new generations in Italy, analysing a sample of 17,225 preadolescents (aged 11 to 14), of whom 13,301 were Italians, 2,921 foreigners and 1,003 children of mixed parentage. Data has been collected by a questionnaire translated and adapted from the one used by Portes and Rumbaut in the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS) of 1992 in the United States. They are used to present the Italian situation in light of segmented assimilation theory. One first result is the underachievement of Latinos. Given this finding, an effort is made to consider various factors which contribute to shaping the socio-existential circumstances of this specific group. The second main result is that children of mixed couples were those most disposed to form intercultural relations. When distinguishing between those with an Italian father and a foreign mother and those, vice versa, with an Italian mother and a foreign father, forcefully evident is the central role played by the mother in the transmission of cultural elements and in the construction of a sense of belonging and identity. Third, focusing on social capital at family level and within the peer group, it has been revealed a greater cross-cultural propensity among the new generations than among previous ones: Italian preadolescents growing up in a multi-ethnic society are more open to, and willing to accept, the challenge of cultural diversity than are their parents. More in general, the new generations contribute to creating a more inclusive social space in which membership of social circles becomes more transversal with respect to cultural and ethnic origins.

La scoliose idiopathique (SI) est une déformation tridimensionnelle de la colonne vertébrale très répandue qui touche 3 à 4 % de la population en l'absence d'anomalies congénitales évidentes, et dont l'étiologie est mal comprise. Des études génétiques récentes chez le poisson zèbre ont montré que la perte de la fibre de Reissner (FR), un polymère protéique de sco-spondine sécrété par l'organe sous-commissural (SCO) et présent le long des cavités du système nerveux central, déclenche une scoliose chez les juvéniles (correspondant à "l'adolescence"). L'altération de la motilité des cils dans les embryons, nécessaire à la polymérisation du RF, entraîne également des défauts de courbure de l'axe, en corrélation avec une diminution de l'expression du gène du neuropeptide urp2 chez les mutants sco-spondine. Il n'est pas encore déterminé si ce scénario, où un défaut de circulation du LCR entraînant la perte du FR et une diminution de la signalisation de l'URP s'applique à d'autres mutants de poisson-zèbre qui n'altèrent pas directement la motilité des cils ou s'il peut être pertinent pour la SI humaine. Deux études ont également mis en évidence l'existence d'une signature neuro-inflammatoire, en aval de la perte du FR, qui contribue à la sévérité et à la pénétrance de la scoliose. Nous avons généré un mutant de poisson zèbre pour rpgrip1l, un gène codant pour une protéine de la zone de transition ciliaire, qui ne présente aucune anomalie embryonnaire et développe une scoliose avec une pénétrance presque complète chez les juvéniles. Le but de ma thèse était de déterminer la cascade d'événements menant à la scoliose chez les rpgrip1l-/-. Nous avons tiré profit du développement asynchrone de la scoliose chez rpgrip1l-/- pour montrer que les mutants droits présentent déjà des défauts ciliaires au niveau du tronc avec une augmentation du nombre de cellules immunitaires dans le cerveau et une augmentation du niveau d'expression d'urp1 et d'urp2. A l'apparition de la scoliose, les mutants rpgrip1l-/- perdent la FR et les touffes multi-ciliées proches du SCO. La réintroduction de RPGRIP1L dans les cellules ciliées motiles et les cellules progénitrices grâce à une transgénèse tissu-spécifique prévient l'apparition de la scoliose. En réduisant le niveau d'URP chez les rpgrip1l-/- par des croisements génétiques, nous avons démontré que l'altération de la signalisation URP ne contribue pas à la scoliose chez rpgrip1l-/-. De plus, un traitement anti-inflammatoire/anti-oxydant à long terme a réduit la sévérité et la pénétrance de la scoliose de 50%, suggérant que ces processus sont impliqués dans l'apparition et l'évolution de la scoliose chez rpgrip1l-/-. Enfin, grâce à une analyse protéomique et à des immuno-marquages, nous avons mis en évidence une astrogliose au sein du SCO et du ventricule rhombencéphalique qui se développe de manière asynchrone chez les mutants droits rpgrip1l-/- et qui persiste chez les mutants scoliotiques. Nous proposons que l'astrogliose au niveau du SCO associée au recrutement de cellules inflammatoires induisent localement la perte de touffes multi-ciliées, altérant la polymérisation du FR et conduisant finalement à la scoliose. Nous espérons que cette étude permettra de mieux comprendre les défauts moléculaires et cellulaires à l'origine de l'IS chez le poisson zèbre et qu'elle mettra en évidence l'astrogliose cérébrale en tant que défaut potentiel à l'origine de la SI chez l'homme
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a highly prevalent three-dimensional spine deformity which affects 3-4% of the population in the absence of obvious congenital abnormalities, whose etiology is poorly understood. Recent genetic studies in zebrafish have shown that loss of Reissner fiber (RF), a sco-spondin protein polymer secreted by the subcomissural organ (SCO) and present along the cavities of the central nervous system, triggers scoliosis in juveniles (the "adolescent-like" stage). Impairment of cilia motility in embryos, necessary for RF polymerization, also leads to axis curvature defects, that correlates with decreased urp2 neuropeptide gene expression in sco-spondin mutants. It is yet not clear whether this scenario of CSF flow defect causing RF loss and decreased URP signaling holds true in other zebrafish mutants that do not impair directly cilia motility or may be relevant to human IS. Two studies also pointed to the existence of a neuro-inflammatory signature, downstream of RF loss, which contributes to scoliosis severity and penetrance. We generated a zebrafish mutant for rpgrip1l, a gene encoding a ciliary transition zone protein, which displays no embryonic anomaly and develops scoliosis with nearly full penetrance in juveniles. The goal of my thesis was to decipher the cascade of events leading to scoliosis in rpgrip1l-/-. We took advantage of the asynchronous scoliosis development in rpgrip1l-/- to show that the straight mutants already presented ciliary defects at trunk level with increase number of immune cells within the brain and urp1 and urp2 upregulation. At scoliosis onset, rpgrip1l-/- mutants had lost the RF and specific multi-ciliated tufts just lateral to the SCO. Reintroduction of RPGRIP1L into motile ciliated cells and progenitor cells thanks to tissue-specific transgenesis prevents scoliosis onset. By reducing URP level in rpgrip1l-/- via genetic crosses, we demonstrated that alteration of URP signaling does not contribute to the curvature phenotype of rpgrip1l-/-. Moreover, long-term anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant treatment reduced the severity and penetrance of scoliosis by 50%, suggesting that inflammatory and/or oxidative processes are involved in rpgrip1l scoliosis onset and evolution. Finally, thanks to a proteomic analysis and immunostaining, we revealed an astrogliosis response within the SCO and rhombencephalic ventricle that develops asynchronously in straight rpgrip1l-/- and persists in scoliotic fish. We propose that the astrogliosis at SCO level associated with inflammatory cells recruitment induces locally the loss of multi-ciliated tufts, impairing RF polymerization and eventually leading to scoliosis. We hope these studies will provide new insights into the understanding of molecular and cellular defects leading to IS in zebrafish and highlight brain astrogliosis as a potential defect leading to human IS