Bibliographies thématiques / Multi-axial stress

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Multi-axial stress »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 25 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Multi-axial stress"

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Ha, Je Chang, Joon Hyun Lee, Masaaki Tabuchi et A. Toshimitsu Yokobori Jr. « Estimation of Creep Crack Growth Properties Using Circumferential Notched Round Bar Specimen for 12CrWCoB Rotor Steel ». Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (novembre 2005) : 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.397.

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Most heat resisting materials in structural components are used under multi-axial stress conditions and under such conditions ductile materials often exhibit brittle manner and low creep ductility at elevated temperature. Creep crack initiation and growth properties are also affected by multi-axial stress and it is important to evaluate these effects when laboratory data are applied to structural components. Creep crack growth tests using circumferential notched round bar specimens are a simple method to investigate multi-axial stress effects without using complicated test facilities. Creep crack growth tests have been performed using a 12CrWCoB turbine rotor steel. In order to investigate the effects of multi-axial stress on creep crack growth properties, the tests were conducted for various notch depths at 650°C. The circumferential notched round bar specimen showed brittle crack growth behaviour under multi-axial stress conditions. Creep crack growth rate was characterized in terms of the C* parameter. A 12CrWCoB turbine rotor steel has been tested using circumferential notched round bar specimens with different multi-axiality. Circumferential notched round bar specimens show increased brittle creep crack growth behaviour due to the multi-axial stress condition. Creep crack growth properties could be predicted by allowing for the decrease of creep ductility under multi-axial conditions.
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Yao, Jia Wei, Shi Yong Sun et Hao Ran Chen. « Nonlinear Constitutive Model Research on Concrete (Uni-Axial or Multi-Axial) ». Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (mai 2011) : 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.238.

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Combined with Jones-Nelson-Morgan model applied to ceramics and graphite successfully, the nonlinear constitutive model of concrete is obtained through large number of tests in this paper. The model takes concrete as nonlinear elastic isotropic material. By using strain energy function, it makes the nonlinear mechanics behavior of concrete as the function of strain energy. According to the mechanics behavior of concrete, a simple model is obtained by increasing stress to realize the model calculation program. The model can be extended to the constitutive model analysis of concrete under biaxial stress. The theoretical model conforms to testing results well.
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Zhang, Jian Bing, et Xiang Hong Lv. « Fatigue Analysis of the Drill String According to Multiaxial Stress ». Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (décembre 2011) : 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.993.

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To find out the cause for fatigue failure of a drill string used in oil field drilling, and considering the actual working conditions, axial, radial and circumferential cyclic stresses borne by the drill string in borehole of oil and gas well, fatigue strength of drill string is analyzed based on multi-axial fatigue assessment method. Then the formula to calculate the mean stress of multi-axial load of the drill string is obtained, and the formula serves as a method to calculate multi-axial fatigue life of the drill string, which has been verified through field data. It is realized that multi-axial stress has significant influence on drill string fatigue. When on drill string fatigue, Soderberg equation shall be employed to calculate the stress amplitude of drill string fatigue.
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HONDA, Kazuo, Takaaki SARAI et Yukihiro HARA. « Microscopic residual stress in metals deformed plastically under multi-axial stress. » Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 54, no 500 (1988) : 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.54.621.

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Shimomura, Taku, et Akira Shimamoto. « Influence of Anisotropic Materials on Stress Intensity Factor under Biaxial Stress Conditions ». Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (octobre 2006) : 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1389.

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Polymer materials are used in the structural members such as aircraft, ship, automobiles in order to enlarge and lighten the machinery and structures. In such the machinery and structures, the complex destruction phenomena are generating by the deterioration of use conditions of the polymer materials. And the materials are placed under biaxial or multi-axial stress conditions rather than uni-axial stress conditions due to their complicated structures. To understand the basic deformation behaviours and the features in destruction process under multi-axial stress conditions is more important in the reliability and the accident prevention plan. To help overcome this problem, the authors have developed a hydraulic high-speed biaxial loading test device. In this study, we had comparative study for the values of the dimensionless stress intensity factors, F values by the photoelastic and caustics methods to clarify deformation behaviours and characteristics of polymer materials under biaxial stress conditions.
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Kostiha, Vojtech, Frantisek Girgle, Ondřej Janus, Ivana Švaříčková et Petr Štěpánek. « GFRP Reinforcement Behaviour under Multi-Axial Stress - Experimental Study ». Solid State Phenomena 309 (août 2020) : 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.309.80.

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This paper is focused on the design of concrete structures reinforced with modern composite material – Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement. It presents actual results from the testing of FRP rods under a simultaneous tensile and shear loading. The results were experimentally obtained on specimens of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) reinforcement. The text also points out that the widely used fib Bulletin no. 40 technical report does not provide sufficiently reliable formulas and may overestimate the load-bearing capacity of the element. Therefore, the conclusions formulated are primarily concerned with their practical use in the design of this modern material.
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Sankar, B. V. « Stress analysis of brittle spheres under multi-axial loading ». Metal Powder Report 53, no 7-8 (juillet 1998) : 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(98)85104-7.

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Zeng, Feitao, Brian L. Folta et Joseph F. Labuz. « Strength Testing of Sandstone Under Multi-Axial Stress States ». Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 37, no 6 (8 mai 2019) : 4803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-00939-5.

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Liu, Guo Jun, et Zhao Lan Wei. « Research on Failure Criterion of Concrete under Multi-Axial Stress ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (septembre 2013) : 1059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1059.

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In the actual structure, the concrete materials are mainly in multi-axial stress state. Because of the rapid development of concrete structures and the continuous improvement of structural engineering analysis theory, engineers have put forward higher requirements for concrete performance under multi-axial stress research. Based on stress space, this paper studies strength failure criterion of concrete, analyzed its limitations, and proposed concrete strength failure criterion research directions. It plays a strong practical role in scientific research.
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Whiteman, Wayne E., et Morris S. Berman. « Fatigue Failure Results for Multi-Axial versus Uniaxial Stress Screen Vibration Testing ». Shock and Vibration 9, no 6 (2002) : 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/109715.

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To date, the failure potential and prediction between simultaneous multi-axial versus sequentially applied uniaxial vibration stress screen testing has been the subject of great debate. In most applications, current vibration tests are done by sequentially applying uniaxial excitation to the test specimen along three orthogonal axes. The most common standards for testing military equipment are published in MIL-STD-810F and NAVMAT P-9492. Previous research had shown that uniaxial testing may be unrealistic and inadequate. This current research effort is a continuing effort to systematically investigate the differences between fatigue damage mechanisms and the effects of uniaxial versus tri-axial testing. This includes assessing the ability of the tri-axial method in predicting the formation of damage mechanisms, specifically looking at the effects of stress or fatigue failure. Multi-axial testing achieves the synergistic effect of exciting all modes simultaneously and induces a more realistic vibration stress loading condition. As such, it better approximates real-world operating conditions. This paper provides the latest results on the differences between multi-axial and uniaxial testing of a simple notched cantilever beam.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Multi-axial stress"

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Abdul, Majid Mohd Shukry Bin. « Behaviour of composite pipes under multi-axial stress ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1351.

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This thesis describes an experimental investigation of the behaviour of filament wound glass fibre reinforced epoxy (GRE) composite pipe under hydrostatic and biaxial load conditions at temperatures up to 95⁰C. The project was intended to lead to improvements in reliability and quality, and ultimately a reduction in the cost of qualifying GRE oil and gas pipelines. The experiments were designed to be compatible with the procedure currently used by Future Pipe Industries (FPI), employing the concept of ultimate elastic wall stress (UEWS) in the qualification and production control of GRE pipe. The UEWS test appears to provide an attractive means of rating GRE pipes, where weepage resulting from the accumulation of matrix cracks is a common failure mechanism. A novel test rig capable of performing UEWS tests under various loading conditions from hydrostatic to multi-axial loadings was designed and developed. UEWS tests were conducted under six different stress ratios ranging from pure axial to pure hoop loading at room temperature (RT), 65°C and 95°C. The tests involved the application of groups of ten 1-minute hydrostatic pressure cycles at increasing pressure levels. The intention is to identify, by examining the stress-strain response, a stress level below which damage growth is either negligible or at least sufficiently low to prevent long term failure within the design life. In addition, acoustic emission measurements were also conducted to investigate the nature of the damage mechanisms involved as well as its compatibility to the UEWS results. Three distinct failure modes were observed: tensile axial failure under pure axial loading, weepage under axial dominated loading from 0.5:1 to 2:1 and localized leakage failure under hoop dominated loading of 4:1 and 1:0. Full tensile-tensile UEWS and leakage based failure envelopes were developed at a range of temperatures from 20°C (RT) to 95°C. Both envelopes showed a strong dependence on stress ratio and test temperature. It was also shown that the UEWS based failure envelope at elevated temperatures generally degraded, except for the 2:1 loading where UEWS strength increased. The Miner‟s law model developed, gives a good account of the effects of cyclic and static loading in UEWS tests. Using a crack growth model similar to Paris Law, damage development can be directly linked to the progressive nucleation of matrix micro cracks. It is also shown that cyclic rather than static loading dominates the UEWS test response. The general lifetime damage model developed in the study shows good agreement with the experimental data from the multiaxial UEWS tests. This approach may therefore be an appropriate procedure for describing the long term performance of GRE pipes under any required combination of static, cyclic fatigue, hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic loading.
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Tan, Julian Lip Yi. « Multi-axial fracture behaviour of notched carbon-fibre/epoxy laminates ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/247924.

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Carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates are widely used in various engineering applications, such as in race cars and aircrafts, because they are light, stiff and strong. They commonly contain stress raisers in the form of holes and notches (for mechanical joining methods, routing of pipes and cables etc.) and are also often subjected to complex combined multi-axial stress conditions during service. Yet their notched multi-axial fracture behaviour remains largely unexplored. This is the main contribution of the thesis. First, a novel loading fixture for applying a wide range of in-plane loading modes is developed based on the popular Arcan’s method. Termed the ‘modified Arcan rig’, it utilises friction gripping to transfer loads into tabbed specimens. This loading fixture is used to test centre-notched multi-directional CFRP laminates under different combinations of tension and shear stresses. Together with penetrant-enhanced X-ray CT and laminate de-ply, the fracture behaviour of quasi-isotropic CFRP specimens is investigated for the following loading modes: pure tension, pure compression, in-plane shear, and combined tension and shear. Two notch geometries (sharp notch and circular hole) are investigated to allow for an assessment of the role of stress concentration upon strength and damage development to be performed. Three distinct fracture modes are observed in a tensile/compressive-shear stress space (termed Mechanism A, Mechanism B and Mechanism C). It is observed that quasi-isotropic specimens with a central sharp notch are consistently stronger than equivalent specimens with a central circular hole (for all stress states investigated). An underlying micromechanical explanation concerning the effects of damage upon strength is proposed. Second, a finite element (FE) model is developed using the commercial FE program, Abaqus FEA to simulate the observed progressive damage and failure in the quasi-isotropic specimens. The FE model employs independent material property data as inputs. Overall, good correlation between the simulations and the experiments is obtained, validating the FE strategy. The capabilities of the model are extended to predict the notched fracture behaviour of the specimens under combined compression and shear loading, for which experimental work has not been done by the author, but for which literature data exists. Finally, the effect of laminate lay-up upon the notched multi-axial fracture behaviour of the CFRP specimens is explored by considering a 0° ply-dominated lay-up, a ±45° ply-dominated lay-up and a cross-ply lay-up, alongside the quasi-isotropic lay-up. Experiments reveal that all lay-ups exhibit Mechanisms A, B and C. However, the extent of damage in each Mechanism as well as the regime in which each Mechanism operates in (in the failure envelopes) strongly depend on the lay-up of the specimen. As expected, the tensile strengths and compressive strengths increase with the proportion of 0° plies. Surprisingly, the shear strengths do not scale with the proportion of ±45° plies; the specimen geometry and material orthotropy are attributed as reasons for this. In contrast to the case of the quasi-isotropic lay-up, the extent of subcritical damage induced by the circular hole is not always lower than that induced by the sharp notch for the other lay-ups. The difference in the extent of damage between both notch geometries is reflected in the notched strengths of the lay-up in question. These experimental observations are adequately predicted by the FE strategy, which further validates it as a reliable predictive tool for composite fracture.
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McFall, Bruce Daniel. « The Effects of Multi-Axial Loading on Adhesive Joints ». The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1515074800550415.

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Dareeju, Biyanvilage. « Performance evaluation of unsaturated rail track foundations under cyclic moving wheel load ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102697/4/Biyanvilage%2520Sampath%2520Sri%2520Sameera_Dareeju_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis developed an alternative laboratory element testing method to evaluate the response of the unsaturated soils of rail track foundations under repeated moving wheel loadings. The novel laboratory testing method is more capable of producing the realistic strength-deformation characteristics of the unsaturated soils with the effects of principal stress axis rotation (PSAR), which can be used to redesign the conservative rail track guidelines.
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Hourdou, Théophile. « Modélisation numérique du revêtement d'isolation thermique de canalisations pétrolières sous-marines ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLM073.

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L'installation de conduites pétrolières par la méthode de dépose en déroulé induit une flexion qui entraîne la rupture brutale de leur revêtement d'isolation thermique.Le matériau critique du revêtement est une mousse syntactique de polypropylène. Cette étude consiste à caractériser la réponse et la rupture de ce matériau sous divers états de contrainte. L'évolution de sa microstructure a été suivie emph{in-situ} en cours de déformation grâce à de la tomographie au synchrotron. Les mécanismes de décohésion sphères-matrice suivis de la coalescence avec les craquelures dans la matrice ont été mis en évidence pour amener à la rupture du matériau. Ces mécanismes ont été pris en compte dans la modélisation du comportement mécanique par une loi de comportement élasto-viscoplastique ajoutée de la porosité comme variable interne. Une modélisation fine par un procédé multi-échelles a permis de simuler l'évolution de la microstructure en lien avec une réponse macroscopique cohérente avec les données expérimentales. Les simulations numériques d'essais de laboratoire ont été utilisées pour identifier le maximum de la plus grande contrainte principale comme paramètre de chargement qui permet de localiser l'amorçage de la fissure. Des diagrammes associant ce paramètre de chargement à la vitesse de déformation locale ont été établie, selon la température d'essai. Ces diagrammes ont ensuite été comparés, avec succès, aux données issues d'essais de flexion sur tubes où le revêtement a rompu. Ainsi , la transférabilité des résultats des éprouvettes de laboratoire aux structures industrielles a donc été validée
The installation of oil&gaz pipelines using the reel-lay method induces bending which leads to a rapid cracking of their thermal insulation coating.The critical coating material consists of a syntactic glass polypropylene foam.This study deals with a comprehensive characterization of the mechanical response and the failure of this material under various stress conditions.The evolution of its microstructure was observed thanks to emph{in-situ} tensile tests using synchrotron tomography.The mechanisms of decohesion of microsphere-matrix, followed by coalescence with crazes in the matrix were highlighted, leading to the failure of the material.These mechanisms were taken into account in the constitutive relationships using an elasto-viscoplastic model with porosity added as an internal variable.Fine modelling using a multi-scale process was used to simulate the evolution of the microstructure in relation to the macroscopic response, which was consistentwith experimental data.Numerical simulations of laboratory tests were used to identify the maximum of the largest principal stress as a load parameter allowing the localization of the crack initiation.Temperature dependent diagrams associating this load parameter with the local strain rate were established.These latter diagrams were then successfully compared with data from bending tests on tubes where the coating had failed.The transferability of the results from laboratory tests to engineering structures was therefore validated
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Jakel, Roland. « Grundlagen der Elasto-Plastizität in Creo Simulate - Theorie und Anwendung ». Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-87141.

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Der Vortrag beschreibt die Grundlagen der Elasto-Plastizität sowie die softwaretechnische Anwendung mit dem FEM-Programm Creo Simulate bzw. Pro/MECHANICA von PTC. Der erste Teil des Vortrages beschreibt die Charakteristika plastischen Verhaltens, unterschiedliche plastische Materialgesetze, Fließkriterien bei mehrachsiger Beanspruchung und unterschiedliche Verfestigungsmodelle. Im zweiten Vortragsteil werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Berechnung elasto-plastischer Probleme mit der Software dargestellt sowie Anwendungstipps gegeben. Im dritten Vortragsteil schließlich werden verschiedene Beispiele vorgestellt, davon besonders ausführlich das Verhalten einer einachsigen elasto-plastischen Zugprobe vor und nach dem Eintreten der Einschnürdehnung
This presentation describes the basics of elasto-plasticity and its application with the finite element software Creo Simulate (formerly Pro/MECHANICA) from PTC. The first part describes the characteristics of plastic behavior, different plastic material laws, yield criteria for multiaxial stress states and different hardening models. In the second part, the opportunities and limitations of analyzing elasto-plastic problems with the FEM-code are described and user information is provided. The last part finally presents different examples. Deeply treated is the behavior of a uniaxial tensile test specimen before and after elongation with necking appears
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Sakib, Nazmus. « Response of asphalt matrix under multi-axial stress state ». Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25860.

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The pavement system is subjected to complex stress states under vehicular loading. A combination of axial and shear stress has been identified as a potential cause of top down cracking (or more precisely near surface cracking) in asphalt surface. Therefore, in terms of modeling the material response a pertinent question is whether the typical one-dimensional viscoelastic properties of the material are affected by a multi-axial stress state. Such changes are referred to as interaction non-linearity. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether or not asphalt composites are susceptible to such interaction effects. The study was conducted using fine aggregate matrix (FAM), which comprises graded sand and asphalt binder. To provide multi-modal loading, the rectangular prismatic FAM specimens were used with the Arcan apparatus. This apparatus ensures low bending stress and offers adjustments in the setup to provide different proportions of axial and shear stress. Finite element modeling was done to evaluate the stress state for different orientations of the sample in the Arcan apparatus. For measurement of strain, the study used digital image correlation (DIC), which is an optical, non-contact measurement technology. The strain thus measured was used to compute shear compliance. Fitting parameters of the shear compliances were estimated for power-law and Prony series for different loading orientations. When compared, the measured shear compliances do not show perceivable variation with respect to different proportion of axial stress applied in conjunction. However, further testing with different temperatures and other magnitudes of shear stress is necessary. This study is the first step to allow modeling of stress and crack propagation behavior near the pavement surface where complex stress state is present.
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張恆晟. « Micro-structural model of multi-axial stress-strain relationship for concrete under confinement ». Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49951133943235438606.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Multi-axial stress"

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Fischersworring, A., G. Hellenthal et W. Koschel. « The in Service Multi-Axial-Stress Situation in an Uncooled Gas Turbine Blade ». Dans Advances in Fatigue Science and Technology, 947–59. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2277-8_50.

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Großmann, Christian, Andreas Schäfer et Martin F. X. Wagner. « Finite Element Simulation of Localized Phase Transformations in Pseudoelastic NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Subjected to Multi-Axial Stress States ». Dans ICOMAT, 525–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118803592.ch76.

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Barnard, N. C., D. W. MacLachlan, N. Jones, J. Mason-Flucke, S. M. Bagnall et M. R. Bache. « Low Cycle Fatigue of CMSX-4 in Off-Axis Orientations and the Effect of a Multi-Axial Stress State ». Dans Superalloys 2012, 293–300. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118516430.ch32.

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Richter, C., B. Abeln, A. Geßler et M. Feldmann. « The Use of Structural Adhesives for Steel–Glass Facade Panels With Multi-Axial Stress–Strain Behavior—Experimental and Numerical Investigations ». Dans Durability of Building and Construction Sealants and Adhesives : 5th Volume, 349–75. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 : ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158320140117.

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Govindjee, Sanjay. « Analysis of Multi-Axial Stress and Strain ». Dans Engineering Mechanics of Deformable Solids, 179–203. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199651641.003.0009.

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Sankararaman, Shankar, You Ling et Sankaran Mahadevan. « Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis and Damage Prognosis in Structures ». Dans Emerging Design Solutions in Structural Health Monitoring Systems, 207–33. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8490-4.ch010.

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This chapter describes a computational methodology for fatigue crack growth analysis and damage prognosis in structures. This methodology is applicable to a variety structural components and systems with complicated geometry and subjected to variable amplitude multi-axial loading. Finite element analysis is used to address complicated geometry and calculate the stress intensity factors. Multi-modal stress intensity factors due to multi-axial loading conditions are combined to calculate an equivalent stress intensity factor using a characteristic plane approach. Crack growth under variable amplitude loading is modeled using a modified Paris law that includes retardation effects. During cycle-by-cycle integration of the crack growth law, a Gaussian process surrogate model is used to replace the expensive finite element analysis, thereby significantly improving computational effort. The effect of different types of uncertainty – physical variability, data uncertainty and modeling errors – on crack growth prediction is investigated. The various sources of uncertainty include, but not limited to, variability in loading conditions, material parameters, experimental data, model uncertainty, etc. Three different types of modeling errors – crack growth model error, discretization error and surrogate model error – are included in analysis. The different types of uncertainty are incorporated into the framework for calibration and crack growth prediction, and their combined effect on crack growth prediction is computed. Finally, damage prognosis is achieved by predicting the probability distribution of crack size as a function of number of load cycles, and this methodology is illustrated using a numerical example of surface cracking in a cylindrical component.
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Wang, B., N. Li, X. Li et Y. Li. « Stress concentration factors for the multi-planar tubular Y-joints subjected to axial loadings ». Dans Material Science and Environmental Engineering, 359–66. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19346-76.

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Kossakowski, P., et W. Wciślik. « Experimental determination and application of critical void volume fraction fc for S235JR steel subjected to multi-axial stress state ». Dans Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics, 303–9. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16513-39.

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Wang, Y. L., D. S. Liu, K. Li, D. Chen et X. M. Hu. « Mechanical Characteristics and Failure Modes of Low-Strength Rock Samples with Dissimilar Fissure Numbers ». Dans Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210317.

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The mechanical characteristics and failure modes of low-strength rock sample with various crack dip angles and numbers were investigated by conventional uniaxial compression test and three-dimensional (3D) crack reconstruction. The results indicated that compared with high-strength rock masses, cracks had different influences on the low-strength rock mass mechanical deformation features. Thereinto, the number of fissures can cause post-peak failure stage of stress-strain curve change from swift decline to multi-step down and horizontally extended decline, respectively, showing obvious ductility and ductile-flow deformation and failure characteristics. Due to the structural effect, only under the condition of fissure α < 90°, the modulus of peak strength and elastic modulus lowered with the enhancement of fissure number and had a negative correlation. As the number of fissures increased, the axial peak strain increased first and then decreased, demonstrating a reversed V-shaped change trend. Fissure number can fully affect the crack propagation law only in the case of vertical fissures. The above research findings can complement and improve the study of fissured rock masses.
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Wang, Y. L., D. S. Liu, K. Li, X. M. Hu et D. Chen. « Mechanical Characteristics and Failure Modes of Low-Strength Rock Samples with Dissimilar Fissure Dip Angles ». Dans Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210291.

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The mechanical characteristics and failure modes of low-strength rock sample with various fissure dip angles were investigated by conventional uniaxial compression test and three-dimensional (3D) crack reconstruction. The results indicated that compared with high-strength rock masses, cracks had different influences on the low-strength rock mass mechanical deformation features. Thereinto, the dip angle of fissures can cause post-peak failure stage of stress-strain curve change from swift decline to multi-step down, showing obvious ductility deformation and failure characteristics. Peak strength and elastic modulus owned an anti-S-shaped growth tendency with the growth of fissure dip angle, which was positively correlated and greatest subtle to the fissure dip angle α < 21° and α > 66.5°. The axial peak strain reduced first and enlarged rapidly with growing fissure dip angle, suggesting a V-shaped change trend. Increasing the fissure dip angle will change the sample failure mode, experienced complete tensile failure to tensile-shear composite failure, and ultimately to typical shear failure. Also, the crack start angle decreased with enlarging fissure dip angle, larger than that the high-strength rock mass fissure dip angle. The above research findings can complement and improve the study of fissured rock masses.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Multi-axial stress"

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Kazemi, Amir, Sayed A. Nassar et Zhijun Wu. « Principal Stress Model for Multi-Axial Fatigue of Preloaded Threaded Fasteners ». Dans ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66266.

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A principal stress-based high cycle fatigue (HCF) model is proposed for cyclic multiaxial stresses in threaded fasteners under tensile-shear loading. The proposed model uses the fastener principle stress amplitude in order to construct mean-stress adjusted S-N curves for multi-axial stresses. Experimental validation is provided using an MTS fatigue testing system, with a special fixture that would allow combined cyclic tensile-shear loading of the fastener at various angles relative to the axis of the MTS grip axis. Experimentally validated multiaxial fatigue model is compared to classical uniaxial S-N curves. Detailed discussion of the model results is provided.
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Jha, Deepak K., et Anuradha Banerjee. « Cohesive Model in Prediction of Multi-Axial Fatigue ». Dans ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40353.

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A fatigue failure model for life assessment of a structure that incorporates the stress-state dependence and irreversible nature of fatigue damage is presented. In the frame work of cohesive zone model, a stress state dependent traction separation law for plane strain is taken to represent an undamaged ferritic steel. The evolution of damage has two additional fatigue parameters: a stress and a length parameter. Initially a parametric study is done to show that the model is able to reproduce a typical uniaxial fatigue response to stress based cyclic load, that of a stress-life curve and reduction in life due to positive mean stress. The effect of the cohesive fatigue parameters on the characteristics of the stress-life curve is then established. The model is further applied for a range of sinusoidally varying in-phase stress states which are characterised by a fixed bi-axiality ratio. The initiation and growth of damage is shown to be more rapid for higher bi-axiality. Except for stress amplitudes in which the lower bi-axiality case has conditions close to monotonic failure, the effect of bi-axiality is shown to be detrimental to the life expectancy of the material as observed in available experimental literature.
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Yang, N. H., H. Nayeb-Hashemi et A. Vaziri. « Multi-Axial Fatigue Damage Models of Fiber Reinforced Composites ». Dans ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62146.

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Fiberglass reinforced composites are extensively used in various structural components. In order to insure their structural integrity, their monotonic and fatigue properties under multiaxial stress fields must be understood. Combined in-phase tension/torsion loading is applied to [±45°]4 E-glass/epoxy composite tubes under monotonic and fatigue conditions to determine the effects of multiaxial loading on its failure. Various monotonic and fatigue damage criteria are proposed. These models considered failure mode (failure plane), the energy method and the effective stress-strain method. It is observed for the majority of experiments, the failure initiated at the outer lamina layer at 45° to the tube axis. A damage criterion for multiaxial monotonic loading is proposed considering both normal and shear stress contributions on the plane of failure. The experimental data show an excellent agreement with this proposed model for various loading conditions. Other failure models are currently under investigation utilizing the stresses and strains at the composite laminate as well as stress and strain at the outer lamina layer. Multiaxial fatigue failure models are proposed considering again the plane of failure. Since the plane of the failure is subjected to mean and cyclic stresses (shear and normal) and mean and cyclic strains (shear and normal), the fatigue damage models consider the contributions of these stresses and strains to the fatigue life of the composite tube. In addition to the fatigue damage model based on the plane of failure, a multi-axial fatigue failure model is proposed considering the mean and cyclic energy during fatigue experiments. The experimental data show a good correlation between the proposed damage parameters and fatigue life of specimens with some scatter of the data. Other fatigue failure models are currently under investigation considering the loading frequency and visco-elastic properties of the composite.
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Tsai, Pei-sung. « Predicting the state of multi-axial stress - An operational Bayesian approach ». Dans 35th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1386.

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Hong, Jeong K., et Thomas P. Forte. « Fatigue Evaluation Procedures for Multi-Axial Stress State in Welded Joints ». Dans ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41412.

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The Battelle structural stress method (BSSM) for fatigue life evaluation is examined for multi-axial stress states that develop due to uniaxial loading in welded structures. The resultant multi-axial stress state due to simple uniaxial loading is easily observed in common joint types such as a plate with a welded tube or a plate with an angled attachment. In these joint types, under simple loading, the stress distribution at the location of failure along the weld line shows significant in-plane shear stress (parallel to the weld line) as well as normal stress (normal to weld line). Although the fatigue data, as exemplified by the inverse slope of the S-N curve for the subject joints under uniaxial loading, are observed to be similar to that for normal-loading-mode dominant (Mode I) failures in welded joints, when only the normal structural stress is considered for these joints the predictions of both the fatigue failure location and the fatigue life using the master S-N curve approach are inaccurate because the in-plane shear stress plays a significant role in the development of the crack. The slope of fatigue data exhibited in S-N curves taken from weld fatigue data for resultant multi-axial stress state generated by uniaxial loading is different from multi-axial fatigue loading conditions for tubular joints as discussed in the recent work [OMAE2014-23459]. In this article, the fatigue behavior of welded joints with multi-axial stress states is evaluated using an effective equivalent structural stress range parameter that is formulated as a von Mises form of the combined normal and in-plane shear equivalent structural stress ranges. When the effective equivalent structural stress range parameter is employed, the fatigue failure location can be predicted correctly. It is also found that the cycles-to-failure data from the subject joint types are comparable with the master S-N curve for Mode I loading dominant behavior (inverse slope of 3.125). Therefore, the master S-N curve that was developed for Mode I failures can be equally applicable for fatigue life prediction for these joints by replacing the equivalent structural stress range with effective equivalent structural stress range on the ordinate axis.
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Missinne, Jeroen, Plamen Kostov, Bram Van Hoe, Erwin Bosman, Wolfgang Gaberl, Horst Zimmermann et Geert Van Steenberge. « Ultra-thin multi-axial shear stress sensor based on a segmented photodiode ». Dans 2013 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipcon.2013.6656440.

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Moftakhar, Abbas A., et Grzegorz Glinka. « Creep Analysis of High Temperature Components Under Multi-Axial Loading ». Dans ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-263.

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A simplified solution method that enables the estimation of stresses and strains in high temperature components under creep conditions is presented. The solution is derived based on strain energy density considerations and is applicable to both uniaxial and multiaxial stress states. In particular, this simplified method is developed for an efficient estimation of the cyclic stress-strain history at critical locations which needed for fatigue analysis of hot sections under creep conditions where conventional finite element creep analysis becomes extremely time consuming. The input data necessary to perform this simplified solution are the stresses and strains obtained from a linear elastic analyses. If the finite element method (FEM) is used for the linear elastic analysis of components, then the simplified solution method can be programmed as a post processor file. The file uses the linear elastic FEM results and generates an approximate time-dependent analysis. Presented results illustrates the accuracy of the method by comparing with finite element creep analysis results for several hot sections under creep conditions. Also, it is shown that the computational time needed to perform this solution is far less than the conventional finite element creep analysis.
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Zarka, Joseph, et Habib Karaouni. « Fatigue During Multi-Axial Random Loadings ». Dans 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22027.

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During classical analysis, some special methods to extract and to count the cycles from the random stress path (very often, the Rainflow method) are used and it is needed to cumulate “damage” based on some S-N diagrams and the linear Miner-Palmgreen rule or some more elaborated non linear rules. The “damage” factor (scalar or tensor) is still the object of many researches; it is impossible to measure it during the whole loading path, even if, before failure, some slight changes on the elastic properties may be experimentally detected. Moreover, the representations of the loading and the counting methods are purely based on mathematical aspects and ignore the particular mechanical behavior of the present materials in the structure. Our objective in this paper is only limited to reach a real physical approach of the multiaxial random loadings which is very easy to perform. The main idea of the approach is to find an Equivalence rule between two complex loadings relative to “Damage” which may be used as a “Quantification” or norm of any loading relative to one particular material. This rule must have the physical meaning of “damage” and allows for the construction of simple and practical cyclic radial loadings and tools for fatigue analysis or accelerated fatigue tests.
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Koley, Subhra Shankha, Ayush Saraswat et Joseph Katz. « Evolution of Turbulence and Its Modification by Axial Casing Grooves in a Multi-Stage Axial Compressor ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2022 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82258.

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Abstract This paper examines the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), normal Reynolds stresses, and production rates of stress components in the JHU refractive index-matched axial compressor at pre-stall and near the best efficiency (BEP) flow rates. Modifications to the turbulence caused by installing semicircular axial casing grooves (ACGs) are also investigated. The stereo-PIV measurements are performed in axial planes covering entire passages, from the hub to the tip, both between and within blade rows. The TKE is highly anisotropic and spatially inhomogeneous, with each of the normal stress components evolving differently. Most of the trends can be explained by examining the dominant production rate terms. Upstream of the rotor, at pre-stall flowrate, the TKE is high in the inlet guide vane (IGV) wakes, and in the tip region. The turbulence increases significantly upon entering the rotor with peak RMS values of axial velocity fluctuations reaching as high as 71% of the spatially averaged mean axial velocity. Near the rotor leading edge (LE), the TKE is elevated over the entire outer 30% of the span, expanding to 50% near the rotor trailing edge. Upon entering the stator, there is a rapid reduction in turbulence in the outer half of the passage aided by negative turbulence production due to axial extension. However, further downstream near the stator trailing edge, the turbulence increases along the lower suction side of the stator blade as the boundary layer separates intermittently. By stabilizing and homogenizing the flow, the ACGs reduce the turbulence production, hence the TKE, in the rotor and the stator. The only exception is an increase in turbulence at the interface between the outflow from the grooves at their upstream end and the passage flow. Near BEP of the untreated endwall, the TKE is much lower in all the investigated planes except for the region influenced by the groove outflow. The TKE downstream of the rotor and the stator for both smooth endwall and with the ACGs appears to be quite similar. Yet, the ACGs cause a reduction in the TKE peak but expand the area of elevated turbulence in the tip region. Distributions of measured eddy viscosity highlight the extreme non-equilibrium conditions over the entire machine, questioning the fundamental assumptions of local equilibrium in eddy viscosity-based Reynolds stress models.
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Potluri, Sri Shanti, Ananda Mohan Bommakanti Srinivasa, Isai Thamizh Ramasamy, Srinivasa Rao Potu et Ananda Rao Patnaik Balivada Venkata. « High Cycle Fatigue Life Assessment of Compressor Blades Under Multi-Axial Fatigue Mode ». Dans ASME 2014 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2014-8222.

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Stringent mission requirements of Aero Gas Turbine engines result in severe aerodynamic loads on engine components. Structural integrity and durability of blades is an important aspect with fatigue being a major failure mode and especially High Cycle Fatigue being a critical design concern. HCF failures in blades are mainly attributed to resonant excitations where the dynamic stress amplitude in the blade increases as the exciting frequency approaches the resonant speed. These excitations could be due to integral orders, i.e. as multiples of rotational speeds and also due to nozzle or blade pass frequencies. The frequency of these excitations is very high and under these excitations, the blades are subjected to highly complex modes or deformation patterns resulting in a multi-axial state of stress. Other causes for multi-axial state of stress may be attributed to anisotropy in material, presence of stress raisers and end fixity/ support mechanism of the blade in context. Assessing the severity of this multi-axial stress state in the blade from HCF is very important from the designer’s perspective. This paper describes the methodology employed in a compressor stator blade to assess the HCF damage by distortion energy based multi-axial fatigue failure criteria with a modification to include the mean static stresses. Based on this method, safe operating strain limits are established and are used as guide lines to monitor the stator blades during engine testing. When this methodology is checked for a pure bending mode of a compressor stator blade, i.e. for a state of stress which is predominantly unidirectional, both the Goodman approach and the distortion energy based multi-axial method yield the same assessment under HCF, whereas for a complex mode with a multi-axial state of stress, considerable difference in results is observed.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Multi-axial stress"

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Robinson, W. Full-scale evaluation of multi-axial geogrids in road applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43549.

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The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) constructed a full-scale unsurfaced test section to evaluate the performance of two prototype geogrids, referred to as NX950 and NX750, in road applications. The test section consisted of a 10-in.-thick crushed aggregate surface layer placed over a very weak 2 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) clay subgrade. Simulated truck traffic was applied using one of ERDC’s specially designed load carts outfitted with a single-axle dual wheel truck gear. Rutting performance and instrumentation response data were monitored at multiple traffic intervals. It was found that the prototype geogrids improved rutting performance when compared to the unstabilized test item, and that the test item containing NX950 had the best rutting performance. Further, instrumentation response data indicated that the geogrids reduced measured pressure and deflection near the surface of the subgrade layer. Pressure response data in the aggregate layer suggested that the geogrids redistributed applied pressure higher in the aggregate layer, effectively changing the measured stress profile with an increase in pavement depth.
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