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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Mountain soil »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Mountain soil"

Mammadov, М., et L. Akhmеdova. « ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF MOUNTAIN-FOREST SOILS IN THE NORTH-EAST PART OF THE LESSER CAUCASUS (IN THE BASIN OF BABADJAN RIVER) ». Transbaikal State University Journal 27, n^o 7 (2021) : 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-7-18-26.

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Our planet needs the rational use of forest resources and forest soils in order to combat erosion and preserve the biosenosis. Soils provide the basis for the growth of trees and woodlands, and are an essential component of forests and forest ecosystems, as they are involved in the regulation of such important processes as the absorption of nutrients, their decomposition and maintenance of water balance. By reducing the risk of soil erosion and the threat of landslides and avalanches, the sustainable use of forest resources greatly contributes to the functioning of the systems responsible for maintaining the planet’s clean water supply, as well as a balanced water cycle. In the soil environment, trees develop root systems and in turn, forest trees and vegetation in general are an important factor in protecting the soil cover. The authors have examined the natural and anthropogenic degradation of brown mountain-forest soils under a beech forest, brown mountain-forest soils under hornbeam and oak forests in the north-eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus in the Babadjan river basin. The erosional relief of the studied region is represented by highly dissected low mountains, middle mountains and mountain basins, which are rather densely indented by mountain rivers. In conditions of such a relief, soils are well developed in dry low mountains and in the humid part of the middle mountains. To clarify the effect of soil properties on the growth and development of tree species in forest communities of the study area, soil sections were laid. The influence at altitudes of 950-1800 m above sea level, the slope of the relief, the exposure of slopes, the composition of the forest cover, the lithological composition of the parent rocks, the physic-chemical composition of the soil and other factors on the intensity of the degradation process in different ecosystems have been studied

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Salikhov, Shamil K., Gasan N. Gasanov, Tatyana A. Asvarova, Magomedpazil A. Yahyaev et Kabirat B. Gimbatova. « Nitrogen in the Soils of Slope Ecosystems of the Middle Mountains of Dagestan ». UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, n^o 1 (213) (31 mars 2022) : 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2022-1-66-70.

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This work is determined by the primary importance of determining the content and reserves of nitrogen in typical soils of the Middle-Mountain subprovince of Dagestan, since the potential nitrogen reserves are estimated by the total nitrogen reserves, and the practical soil fertility of the territory is estimated by the easily hydrolyzed nitrogen used by plants. The aim of the study - determination concentration of easily hydrolyzable and total nitrogen, their reserves in typical soils of the Mid-Mountain subprovince of Dagestan, with their reserved content, was determined. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the Middle Mountains of Dagestan, the reserves of soil nitrogen were determined. Total nitrogen was determined by the photometric method of "indophenol greens" according to the CIAS method, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen according to Tyurin and Kononova. The results of the study showed that the mountain brown forest soil was more fertile on the slope of the northern exposure of Mount Mayak, since it revealed more humus by 14.88 % and easily hydrolyzable nitrogen by 14.38 % than in the 0-20 cm layer of mountain meadow-steppe soil. The accumulation of total nitrogen in the upper 0-20 cm layer was 0.247 % for mountain brown forest soil, and 8.81 % less for mountain meadow-steppe soil. Nitrogen reserves in soils also differed - less reserves in the 0-20 cm layer were 6.7 % and 12.16 % were in the mountain meadow-steppe, respectively, of the general and easily hydrolyzed form. This is probably due to the steeper slope of the southern exposure, to which the mountain meadow-steppe soil is confined. A large number of nitrogen reserves in mountain brown forest soil may be associated with its location at the foot of the forest.

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Scott, Daniel N., et Ellen E. Wohl. « Geomorphic regulation of floodplain soil organic carbon concentration in watersheds of the Rocky and Cascade Mountains, USA ». Earth Surface Dynamics 6, n^o 4 (23 novembre 2018) : 1101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1101-2018.

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Abstract. Mountain rivers have the potential to retain OC-rich soil and store large quantities of organic carbon (OC) in floodplain soils. We characterize valley bottom morphology, floodplain soil, and vegetation in two disparate mountain river basins: the Middle Fork Snoqualmie in the Cascade Mountains and the Big Sandy in the Wind River Range of the Rocky Mountains. We use this dataset to examine variability in OC concentration between these basins as well as within them at multiple spatial scales. We find that although there are some differences between basins, much of the variability in OC concentration is due to local factors, such as soil moisture and valley bottom geometry. From this, we conclude that local factors likely play a dominant role in regulating OC concentration in valley bottoms and that interbasin differences in climate or vegetation characteristics may not translate directly into differences in OC storage. We also use an analysis of OC concentration and soil texture by depth to infer that OC is input to floodplain soils mainly by decaying vegetation, not overbank deposition of fine, OC-bearing sediment. Geomorphology and hydrology play strong roles in determining the spatial distribution of soil OC in mountain river corridors.

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Lasota, Jarosław, Ewa Błońska, Maciej Zwydak et Tomasz Wanic. « The use of the particle size distribution of soils in estimating quality of mountain forest sites ». Forest Research Papers 75, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2014) : 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0025.

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Abstract The physical and chemical properties of soil are the basic features that are used in the assessment of mountain sites. The aim of this study was to produce a simple key for classifying forest sites in mountain areas using soil particle size distribution. 200 plots (standard typological space) were selected for examination, most of which are typical of the Carpathians - being dominated by flysch rock. A few plots were located in the Sudety and Tatra Mountains, which have a different surface geology, mostly metamorphic rock and granite. The study proved that soil properties (reaction, base saturation, content of base cations, organic carbon and nitrogen) are helpful in distinguishing and assigning soils to particular site types. The particle size distribution of forest mountain sites separated into different categories in terms of productivity. These results can be used to improve the classification of forest mountain sites.

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Tužinský, L. « Soil moisture in mountain spruce stand ». Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 1 (17 mai 2019) : 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11854-jfs.

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Mountain forests are among the main components of natural environment in Slovakia. They grow mainly in areas with cold climate, on poor soils with unfavorable reaction, often very acidic (pH in H<sub>2</sub>O < 4.5) and with nutrient deficit. Immissions and acid rain attack forests to a great extent. Global climate changes also represent a new threat. Extremes in air temperatures, excessive amounts of precipitation or on the other hand the lack of water from precipitation, torrential rains or long-lasting drought periods are recorded as a result of a higher amount of heat energy accumulation from the greenhouse effect. Spruce forests are most endangered. Spruce with its root system concentrated in the upper soil layers, where also the highest amount of toxic elements accumulates, suffers more and more from dry and warm periods and it begins to wither due to drought. The occurrence of hydropedological cycles with a low or insufficient supply of available water in the soil is most frequent during summer (July, August). If the soil water potential values approach the value of the wilting point, an expressive decrease in transpiration is observed during the day, whereas its daily course is also suppressed. Gradual soil drying up from the upper layers towards the deepest ones of the physiological profile of soil represents a change in soil moisture stratification, especially after moistening the upper layers of soil with water from atmospheric precipitation. The deeper soil layers need not be re-saturated in such a case. Under drought the whole physiological profile of soil dries up in a relatively short time. Trees are exposed to a strong physiological stress in such conditions and after longlasting drought periods they can get into the state of total exhaustion.

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Aliboeva, M. A. « Morphological Structure Of Mountain Soils ». American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, n^o 12 (30 décembre 2021) : 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue12-08.

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This article discusses morphological structure of mountain soils. The mountainous regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan are located mainly in Tashkent, Surkhandarya, Samarkand, Jizzakh, Syrdarya, Fergana Valley and Navoi regions, and differ from each other in their greenery, charm and structure. Mountain soils are distributed sequentially according to the law of vertical zoning, depending on the altitude above sea level. The soil cover in these regions is characterized by their development (evolution), genesis, agrochemical, agrophysical properties and, most importantly, morphological structure. Each region has its own natural factors, which directly affect the development and morphological structure of the soil cover.

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Tashkuziev, Maruf, et Nilufar Shadieva. « Conditions and factors of humus formation in soils of mountain and foothill ». E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021) : 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128402008.

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On the basis of information on the climatic factor, the intensity of humus formation in the soil was estimated. It was revealed that as the transition from the plain to the foothills and low mountains due to changes in atmospheric precipitation and hydrothermal regime, the period of biological activity (PBA) of the soil increases from the plain to the mountains. The balance of annual radiation in the foothill plain is 47 kcal/cm2, in the high-mountain belt - 53 kcal/cm2. As the transition from the plain to the mountainous part of the relief, an increase in soil PBA was revealed and, in accordance with this, the content and reserves of humus, as well as labile humic substances in the humus composition, increase. By the type of humus, light gray soils are humate-fulvate and fulvate; typical, dark gray soils and mountain brown soils, fulvate-humate; light brown meadow-steppe soils, and humate. It also provides information on the energy reserves of humus for the considered soils. The correlations between the indicators of PBA and humus for horizon “A” in the studied soils were calculated.

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Hlaváčiková, Hana, Viliam Novák et Ladislav Holko. « On the role of rock fragments and initial soil water content in the potential subsurface runoff formation ». Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 63, n^o 1 (1 mars 2015) : 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2015-0002.

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Abstract Stony soils are composed of fractions (rock fragments and fine soil) with different hydrophysical characteristics. Although they are abundant in many catchments, their properties are still not well understood. This article presents basic characteristics (texture, stoniness, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil water retention) of stony soils from a mountain catchment located in the highest part of the Carpathian Mountains and summarizes results of water flow modeling through a hypothetical stony soil profile. Numerical simulations indicate the highest vertical outflow from the bottom of the profile in soils without rock fragments under ponding infiltration condition. Simulation of a more realistic case in a mountain catchment, i.e. infiltration of intensive rainfall, shows that when rainfall intensity is lower than the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the stony soil, the highest outflow is predicted in a soil with the highest stoniness and high initial water content of soil matrix. Relatively low available retention capacity in a stony soil profile and consequently higher unsaturated hydraulic conductivity leads to faster movement of the infiltration front during rainfall.

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Elchininova, O. A., O. V. Kuznetsova, A. N. Soyonova et G. V. Chichinova. « Physical-chemical and water-physical properties of agricultural soils on inter-mountain hollows of Mountain Altai ». Plant Biology and Horticulture : theory, innovation, n^o 150 (30 septembre 2019) : 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2019-1-150-137-146.

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The purpose of the research is the study the basic physical,chemical and water-physical properties of soils of high and medium mountain basins of the Altai mountains under different types of agricultural use (arable land, hayfields, pasture). The main features of chestnut and light chestnut soils of high-mountain basins, dark chestnut soils and common chernozem of mid-mountain basins are established. These are a light granulometric composition with a high content of coarse soil, a sharp decrease of humus content and cation exchange capacity down the profile, slightly alkaline reaction of medium, and perfect structural state, except for the lower horizons of light chestnut soil. By density of the humus horizon, the soils of hayland and pasture belong to the soils rich in organic matter. Considerable density is noted also in the chernozem ordinary under an arable land where for many decades usual dump plowing is applied, minimum - in the dark-chestnut soil under an arable land where in recent years processing is carried out by a diskator which basic purpose - preparation of the soil for crops without preliminary plowing. The density of arable horizon on arable land correspond to typical values for a cultivated or a new-ploughed arable land. With the depth of the soil profile, this ratio increases, but it is lower than typical values for the subsurface horizons. The density of the solid phase varies slightly. In the upper organogenic horizons of the hayland and pasture, it is low due to the occurrence of organic matter. In the lower horizons, it is slightly higher and corresponds to the density of the solid phase for mineral soils. The porosity of the studied soils is in inverse proportion to density. The porosity of the upper horizons is perfect, and the horizons correspond to the cultural-arable layer. The porosity of the lower horizons is satisfactory. The hygroscopic moisture content of the soils under study varies in the wide range (0,7-9,9%). The maximum hygroscopicity in the sandy loam horizons is low (2-4%) and it is higher in loamy horizons (4-7%). The permanent wilting point ranges from 2,7 to 11,7%, and total water capacity - from 25,9 to 50,4%. Comparison of physical-chemical and water-physical properties of the studied soils of intermountain basins of the Altai Mountains with those of the same type of soils of the Altai territory and adjacent regions of Western Siberia indicates their proximity and even some advantage.

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Miechówka, Anna, et Marek Drewnik. « Rendzina soils in the Tatra Mountains, central Europe : a review ». Soil Science Annual 69, n^o 2 (1 juin 2018) : 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0009.

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Abstract The article presents the overview of the rendzinas found in the Polish Tatra mountains based on literature data and unpublished authors results and observations. Particular attention was paid to soil properties related to the high mountain environment in Poland occurring only in the the Tatra Mountains. The influence of soil forming factors on the genesis of rendzinas and their spatial distribution was described. Furthermore the soils properties were analysed in order of distinguished soil units. Finally the proposal for classification of Tatra rendzinas was given.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Mountain soil"

Allen, Charles Edward. « Alpine Soil Geomorphology : The Development and Characterization of Soil in the Alpine-Subalpine Zone of the Wallowa Mountains, Oregon ». PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5217.

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Alpine soils are young, poorly developed soils that occur above treeline. This study investigates soils located in the alpine-subalpine zone of the Wallowa Mountains, northeast Oregon. Parent material, topography, and vegetation are the most influential pedogenic factors in the high alpine landscape of the Wallowas. Soil samples were collected from the Eagle Cap Wilderness Area of the Wallowas at three mountain locations: Eagle Cap, Sacajawea, and Matterhorn. Catenas were studied in the Windblown and Minimum Snowcover zones to examine different pedogenic factors, according to the Synthetic Alpine Slope model. · Field and laboratory testing characterized the alpine soils as predominantly loamy-sands with weak structural development. The 1:1 water pH values range from 6.5 to 7.3, and the soil hues are lOYR and 2. SY in color. Soil classification characterized Eagle Cap soils as Andisols: Lithic and Typic Haplocryands. The Matterhorn and Sacajawea residuum was not classified. Parent material influence on soil development was more noticeable on granodiorite than basalt, reflecting the propensity of granodiorite to weather rapidly. Marble and shale sites lacked soil development. All the soils exhibited eolian influence, determined from silt mineralogy results. While this component did not dominate the soils as in other alpine areas, its presence was ·proven by quartz and feldspars in soils developed on marble and calcite in soils developed on granodiorite. Sodium fluoride (NaF) pH tests indicate that there is also a high aluminum content in the alpine soils, probably due to influx of Mazama volcanic ash. Krummholz and alpine turf increase the organic content of the soil, although soils beneath krummholz were not as deep. This is partially due to decreased snowcover, subsequent lack of moisture, and different parent material. All soils show a decrease in organic carbon with depth indicating that bioturbation was either low, or the soil recovered from the disturbance rapidly. Organocutans found on the bottom of rocks in the B horizon illustrate organic trans location. The increase in pH with depth shows the influence of surficial organic matter, translocated dusts, and ash. Nunatak and landmass influence on soil development was undetermined.

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Stine, Melanie Brooke. « Vegetation and Soil Patterns at a Mountain Wetland Ecotone ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42654.

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This study analyzes tree, soil, and microtopographic patterns present within the Cranberry Glades, a bog wetland complex located in the mountains of West Virginia. The Cranberry Glades are comprised of four open bog meadows, which provide unique habitat to several rare and endangered plant species. However, these meadows are filling in with trees and alder. This research is a study on the factors that may be involved in the processes and patterns influencing tree encroachment into the bog meadows across the open meadow â bog forest ecotone. To determine the patterns of infilling and the potential relationships among the trees, microtopography, and soil conditions, I collected and analyzed data on each of these factors within nine belt transects located across the ecotone. I gathered tree data on the following: location within transect, species, diameter at breast height or diameter at ground level, height class, associated microtopography, and growing conditions on 1,389 trees. Soil samples were gathered across the ecotone and analyzed for percent moisture, pH, and various nutrients and metals. I assessed historical aerial photographs to gain a temporal history on the patterns of infilling. The results indicate that trees decrease in density across the ecotone towards the peatland interior, and that trees are likely to be growing on hummock features and within tree islands. Soil properties resulted in mixed conclusions. The aerial photograph assessment revealed that trees and alders have been steadily encroaching into the open peatlands for at least the past 52 years. The finding of this research lend to increased knowledge on southern peatlands, wetland succession, and the Cranberry Glades Botanical Area.
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Samson, Heidi E. (Heidi Estrelita). « Psychrotolerant mucoralean fungi present in pristine mountain fynbos soil and vineyard soil from the Stellenbosch region ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52423.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mucoralean fungi are mostly saprotrophs that are frequently encountered in soil habitats. Using an isolation temperature of circa 25°C, other workers obtained these fungi from a wide diversity of geographical areas in southern Africa. However, it is known that psychrotolerant mucoralean fungi, able to grow at 25°C as well as at 5°C, occur in pristine Alti Mountain Grassland. Nothing is known about the diversity of these psychrotolerant soil fungi in other vegetation types of South Africa. Consequently, in this study, the psychrotolerant fungal taxa and numbers in soil from a vineyard and from pristine Mountain Fynbos were determined using an incubation temperature of 4°C and a complex isolation medium. The latter contained agar, malt extract, peptone, yeast extract, penicillin and streptomycin sulphate. Soil samples were analysed in late summer, autumn and mid-winter. It was found that, for the samples taken in late summer and autumn, the diversity of mucoralean species in the soil differed between fynbos and vineyard. In winter however, no significant difference was detected between the Shannon's diversity indices of mucoralean species in the soil samples taken from the two habitats. It was found that in both soil types, the percentage mucoralean fungi on the plates increased from summer to winter. In addition, the numbers of detectable Morlierella subgenus Morlierella on the plates were higher in winter than in late summer. The diversity of mucoralean species obtained during winter in fynbos and vineyard soil was significantly less than the diversity of these species in Alti Mountain Grassland soil. To determine if the Morlierella subgenus Morlierella isolates from the fynbos and vineyard soil, and those obtained from Alti Mountain Grassland, differ in the ability to grow at low temperatures, the radial growth rate on malt extract agar at 4°C and BOC was determined for each isolate. The results indicate that not only did seasonal changes occur in the taxa within Morlierella subgenus Morlierella, but that the isolates dominating the soil in different seasons also differed in the ability to grow at low temperatures. The percentage of isolates that had reached greater colony diameters after B days of incubation at 4°C, was higher for the isolates obtained in the cold wet month of July than for those obtained in the warmer dryer month of February. Similar results were obtained with the radial growth experiments conducted at BOC. The Morlierella subgenus Morlierella isolates obtained in winter from fynbos and vineyard soil showed less variation in low temperature growth rate than the isolates of this taxon obtained in winter from Alti Mountain Grassland soil during a previous study. This variation corresponds to the greater number (20) of Morlierella subgenus Morlierella species found in the grassland soil. Altogether only seven species of this subgenus was detected during the present study in the fynbos and vineyard soil samples. It was speculated that this difference in diversity between the fynbos and vineyard isolates, and the grassland isolates obtained in a previous study, might have been as a result of differences in the habitat or the enumeration methods used. The phylogenetic relationship between different psychrotolerant isolates of Morlierella subgenus Morlierella originating from the soil of the fynbos, vineyard and Alti Mountain Grassland, was subsequently determine through comparison of ITS regions, within ribosomal RNA repeats. Consequently, 45 psychrotolerant Morlierella subgenus Morlierella isolates originating from the three soil habitats was compared on the basis ITS 1 nucleotide sequence composition and radial growth rate at 4°C. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolates could be grouped into two clusters correlating with the ability to grow at low temperatures. Each cluster was further subdivided into two subgroups. It was found that except for one subgroup and the reference strain occurring in another subgroup, all the subgroups contain isolates originating from a single soil habitat. Therefore, the ITS 1 sequence of these fungi seems to indicate the original habitat and ability to grow at low temperatures. This correlation of the ITS sequence with the ecological habitat of a fungus has also been observed by other workers for other fungal groups.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mucoraliese fungi is meestal saprotrofe wat dikwels in grondhabitatte aangetref word. Deur gebruik te maak van 'n isolasietemperatuur van circa 25°C, het ander werkers dié fungi van 'n wye verskeidenheid geografiese gebiede in suidelike Afrika verkry. Dit is egter bekend dat die psigrotolerante mucoraliese fungi, wat in staat is om by 2SoC en ook by SaC te groei, in ongeskonde Alti Berg-Grasland voorkom. Niks is egter bekend oor die diversiteit van dié psigrotolerante grondfungi in ander veldtipes van suidelike Afrika nie. Die psigrotolerante fungustaksa en -getalle in grond van 'n wingerd en van ongeskonde Berg Fynbos is gevolglik in dié studie bepaal deur gebruik te maak van 'n inkubasietemperatuur van 4"C en 'n komplekse isolasiemedium. Laasgenoemde het agar, moutekstrak, peptoon, gisekstrak, penisillien en streptomisiensulfaat bevat. Grondmonsters is in die laatsomer, herfs en midwinter geanaliseer. Daar is 'n verskil gevind tussen die diversiteit van die mucoraliese spesies in die grond van fynbos en dié van wingerd in die monsters wat in die laatsomer en midwinter geneem is. In die winter is daar egter geen beduidende verskil gevind tussen die Shannon diversiteitsindekse van mucoraliese spesies in die grondmonsters wat uit die twee habitatte getrek is nie. In albei grondtipes is daar gevind dat die persentasie mucoraliese fungi op die plate toegeneem het van somer tot winter. Daarby was die aantal waarneembare Morlierella subgenus Morlierella op die plate meer in die winter as in die laatsomer. Die diversiteit van mucoraliese spesies wat in die winter uit fynbos- en wingerdgrond verkry is, was beduidend minder as die diversiteit van dié spesies in Alti Berg-Grasland grond. Om te bepaal of die Morlierella subgenus Morlierella isolate van die fynbos- en wingerdgrond en dié van Alti Berg-Grasland van mekaar verskil ten opsigte van hul vermoë om by lae temperature te groei, is die radiale groeitempo op moutekstrak by 4"C en aoc vir elke isolaat bepaal. Die resultate dui aan dat daar nie alleen seisoenale veranderinge in die taksa binne Morlierella subgenus Morlierella voorkom nie, maar dat die isolate wat tydens verskillende seisoene uit die grond verkry is, ook ten opsigte van hul groeivermoë by lae temperature van mekaar verskil. Die persentasie isolate wat groter kolonie diameters bereik het ná B dae inkubasie by 4°C, was hoër vir die isolate van die koue, nat Juliemaand as vir dié wat in die warmer en droër Februariemaand verkry is. Soortgelyke resultate is verkry met radiale groei-eksperimente wat by BOC gedoen is. Die MortierelIa subgenus MortierelIa isolate wat in die winter uit fynbos- en wingerdgrond verkry is, het In kleiner variasie in hul groeitempo by lae temperature getoon as die isolate in dié takson wat tydens 'n vorige studie in die winter uit Alti Berg-Grasland grond verkry is. Dié variasie stem ooreen met die groter aantal (20) MortierelIa subgenus MortierelIa spesies wat in die graslandgrond gevind is. Slegs sewe spesies van dié subgenus is gedurende die huidige studie in die fynbos- en wingerdgrondmonsters waargeneem. Daar is gespekuleer dat dié verskil in diversiteit tussen die fynbos- en wingerdisolate en die graslandisolate van die vorige studie die gevolg mag wees van verskille tussen die habitat of die enumerasiemetodes wat gebruik is. Die filogenetiese verwantskap tussen verskillende psigrotolerante isolate van MortierelIa subgenus MortierelIa uit die grond van die fynbos, wingerd en Alti Berg-Grasland, is vervolgens bepaal deur 'n vergelyking van interne getranskribeerde spasieerder (ITS) areas, binne ribosomale RNS herhalings. Daar is gevolglik 45 psigrotolerante MortierelIa subgenus MortierelIa isolate uit die drie grondhabitatte met mekaar vergelyk op grond van die basis ITS 1 nukleotied opeenvolgingsamestelling en radiale groeitempo by 4°C. Filogenetiese analises het die isolate in twee groepe verdeel op grond van hul vermoë om by lae temperature te groei. Elke groep is verder in twee subgroepe verdeel. Daar is gevind dat behalwe vir een subgroep en die verwysingstam wat in 'n ander subgroep voorgekom het, elkeen van die subgroepe bestaan het uit isolate wat van 'n enkele grond habitat verkry is. Dit wil dus voorkom of die ITS 1 opeenvolging van dié fungi 'n aanduiding gee van die oorspronklike habitat en die vermoë om by lae temperature te groei. Dié korrelasie tussen die ITS opeenvolging en die ekologiese habitat van 'n fungus is ook deur ander werkers vir ander fungusgroepe waargeneem.

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Blackwood, Iain. « The chemical modification of snowmelt by an upland soil (Cairngorm Mountain, Scotland) ». Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256772.

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Rühr, Nadine Katrin. « Soil respiration in a mixed mountain forest : environmental drivers and partitioning of component fluxes / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18297.

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D'AMICO, MICHELE EUGENIO. « Soil ecology and pedogenesis on ophiolitic materials in the western Alps (Mont Avic Natural Park, North-western Italy) : soil properties and their relationships with substrate, vegetation and biological activity ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/10401.

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Soils formed from ultramafic rocks are normally by pH values close to neutrality, a high base status and are usually rich in Mg, Fe and heavy metals. The low Ca/Mg ratio and the high heavy metal content could cause toxic effects in the biological communities. Plant communities, in particular, are usually different from nearby areas with different substrates and rich in endemisms and adapted species and subspecies. Despite their great environmental and ecological interest, pedological and ecological properties of mountain or boreal soils developed on similar substrates have seldom been studied worldwide. 198 soil pits (associated with phytosociological surveys) have been opened and analyzed in the ophiolitic area of Mont Avic Natural Park (Val d’Aosta, Western Alps, Italy), beween 900 and 2900 m above see level. Soils formed from ultramafic, mafic rocks and calcschists have been observed, in order to recognize the most ecologically important soil factors. The results show that soil properties are related with altitude and slope aspect in forest habitats, while the effect of substrate becomes important above timberline. Strong leaching in forest soils, related to high acidity and to the podzolization process, decrease the total and bioavailable heavy metal contents, above the treeline pedogenic and geomorphic processes release and accumulate large quantities of potentially hazardous trace elements. The plant communities strictly depend on the edaphic properties above the treeline, while in the forest habitats the differences caused by substrate are less discernible. Microbial and microarthropodal communities suffer stress caused by heavy metals in forest soils, while at the alpine level non significant statistical or ecological correlation are visible. Heavy metals (Ni, in particular) are the most important edaphic properties in differentiating plant communities on different substrata, while the Ca/Mg ratio (usually considered the most influencing soil properties on ultramafic soils) has no particular ecological effect.

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Kolka-Jonsson, Pall Valdimar. « CarbBirch (Kolbjörk) : Carbon sequestration and soil development under mountain birch (Betula pubescens) in rehabilitated areas in southern Iceland ». The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1302113068.

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Jungst, Laura J. « Soil quality and stream channel characteristics of montane and subalpine riparian meadows, Sierra Nevada, California ». Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1799711371&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Jasson, René. « Management of Acacia species seed banks in the Table Mountain National Park, Cape Peninsula, South Africa / ». Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1059.

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Mariani, G. S. « THE ROLE OF PALEOSOLS IN PALEOENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES : GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF APENNINE MOUNTAIN SOILS DURING THE HOLOCENE ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/359464.

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The aim of this research is to conduct an investigation on the soils, paleosols and landforms of the area of Mt Cusna ridge (Northern Apennines - Italy) in order to define the relationship between geomorphic evolution and soil development, to characterise the main pedogenetic processes and factors acting on soils in past and present times, and to provide new information to understanding the Holocene climatic variations in the area. For this purpose, several sets of field, laboratory and microscopic analyses were carried out. A comprehensive survey of the study area allowed the production of a geomorphological map (scale 1:10000, attached to this thesis) expanding and revising the existing cartography (Panizza et al., 1982). At the same time, also the soils were surveyed and described, in order to provide a detailed characterisation of the soil types of the area. Selected soil profiles were sampled and underwent a wide set of laboratory analyses, including measurements of pH, exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon content, total nitrogen and exchangeable phosphorus; along these iron oxides were investigated with the measurement of total iron and its extractable forms; grain size analyses and x-ray diffractions on the clay fraction were also carried out; finally, micromorphology of soil thin sections and SEM observations and analyses were also carried out on a subset of significant horizons. Geomorphological survey results allowed to compare the active and inactive processes. Glacial and periglacial processes, though mainly inactive since the beginning of the Holocene, still give an important forcing on the present landscape through their deposits, produced during the Last Glacial period. During the Holocene, different phases of stability and instability could be detected from the activation an reactivation of slope dynamics as the result of both climate fluctuations and structural constraints. The result is a very diversified landscape in which erosion and deposition alternate in space and time. The present day conditions are characterised by a prevalence of washout and erosion activity, mainly on lithologies more susceptible to surface processes. Soils were attributed to different landscape units, highlighting differences in processes and development between them. Degree of pedogenesis, in fact, varies from weakly developed soils on the highest and steeper areas to deep and more weathered profiles at lower elevations and/or on flatter surfaces. Among the latter, the presence of a paleosurface, characterised by the presence of paleosol units truncated and buried by colluvial deposits, has been detected in the stable areas above 1650 m a.s.l.. Laboratory geopedological analyses showed how soil in the area are characterised by being mainly silty-clayey, with low values of pH and organic C which tends to concentrate at the surface and in many cases also in the uppermost horizon of buried soil units. Iron oxides are usually present in its crystalline form, with some exceptions in peculiar soils. The crystalline/total iron ratio (weathering index) is generally low, higher inside paleosurface buried units. Clay fraction mineralogy shows the presence of quartz and chlorite inherited from parent material; neoformed clay minerals consist in illite and mixed layer clays. Micromorphological analysis mainly involved paleosurface horizons. Colluvial units show the presence of variable quantities of pedorelicts (Brewer, 1967) in their groundmass, as well as features pointing to multiple depositional events. The buried unit shows different phases of clay illuviation relatable to environmental changes. In flat areas a 2Ab horizon is found between the two units, showing accumulation of excrements and organic material; features of frost action are also present. Particular conditions are related to higher elevations as well as areas with steeper slopes. Data obtained from field and analytical approaches allowed to outline the main pedogenetic processes acting in the area. Pedogenesis started since the glacial retreat: clay mineralogy and iron oxide content are compatible with a soil formation taking place during the Holocene. The main active process in the area is Brunification (Duchaufour, 1983), which drive the development of Regosols and Cambisols (FAO, 2014); these soils are better developed at lower elevations on flat areas and stable deposits, whereas soils on steeper slopes and higher elevations show evidences of a weaker pedogenesis. Luvisols (FAO, 2014) were also formed in the past and are mainly preserved as paleosols of the buried units related to the paleosurface; moreover the clayey pedofeatures of these paleosols allowed the identification of three different clay illuviation phases, preceding the Subboreal climatic recrudescence 14C dated (Compostella et al., 2012; Giraudi, 2014). During the Late Holocene in the area appears Podzolisation (Duchaufour, 1983) as a secondary process, as testified by the presence of cryptopodzolisation features in soil profiles from different areas. Traces of this process could be also found inside the 2Ab horizon, marking the top of the buried unit in some soil profiles surveyed on the paleosurface; this horizon can be characterised as an accumulation of insect excrements and organic material developed in cold conditions. A change in vegetation cover detected by anthracological assemblages (Compostella et al., 2012) seems to confirm this hypothesis. 14C dating (Compostella et al., 2012) and frost features inside the 2Ab horizon date its burial to the Little Ice Age (LIA), which marks a phase of general erosion causing colluvial deposition also in flatter areas, which probably happened in multiple events through time. The colluvial layers show apparent pedogenesis caused by the presence of pre-weathered soil material and signs of homogenisation probably related to cryoturbation processes. Finally, the presence of frost and solifluction features inside these recent soils point to the characterisation of the LIA as a drier period in which winter precipitation were less abundant and snow cover thinner. This study outlined the existence of complex interactions between pedogenic, geomorphic and environmental processes throughout the Holocene. The influence of these aspects on soil features could be detected and used to describe and interpret the present landscape in the light of its modifications through time.

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Livres sur le sujet "Mountain soil"

Mosimann, Thomas. Untersuchungen zur Funktion subarktischer und alpiner Geoökosysteme Finnmark (Norwegen) und Schweizer Alpen. Basel : Geographisches Institut der Universität Basel, 1985.

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Dobrovolʹskiĭ, G. V. (Gleb Vsevolodovich), dir. Osobennosti gornogo pochvoobrazovanii︠a︡. Moskva : "Nauka", 1997.

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Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (U.S.). Envirobond process : Rocky Mountain Remediation Services. Cincinnati, Ohio : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation, 1999.

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Ogorodnikov, A. V. Pochvoobrazovanie v kedrovykh lesakh Gornogo Altai︠a︡. Tomsk : Tomskiĭ gos. universitet, 2004.

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Rwanda. Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'élevage et des forêts. Direction générale de la production agricole., dir. Séminaire régional sur la problématique de fertilisation et du revenu du paysan sur les sols acides de hautes altitudes du [Rwanda] : Gikongoro, du 13 au 19 novembre 1988. [Kigali] : La Direction, 1989.

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Hipple, Karl W. Classification and correlation of the soils of Cashmere Mountain Area, Washington, parts of Chelan and Okanogan County. Spokane, Wash : The Service, 1995.

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Eilers, R. G. Soils of the South Riding Mountain Planning District : With interpretations for agriculture, engineering, and recreational land use. [Winnipeg] : Canada-Manitoba Soil Survey, 1990.

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National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.) et Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (U.S.), dir. Rocky Mountain Remediation Services (RMRS) soil amendment process. Cincinnati, OH : National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002.

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Payne, James R. Dispersion by chemical reaction of Rocky Mountain Arsenal Basin F waste soils. [Hanover, N.H.] : US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, 1997.

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Jacobs, Peter. Stabilising walking track in alpine and sub-alpine environments : Using artificial soil stabilisation materials to minimise track erosion. East Melbourne, Vic : North East Region and National Parks and Public Land Division, Dept. of Conservation & Environment, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Mountain soil"

van Reenen, C. A., G. J. Visser et M. A. Loos. « Soil Microorganisms and Activities in Relation to Season, Soil Factors and Fire ». Dans Fire in South African Mountain Fynbos, 258–72. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76174-4_14.

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Setaro, Sabrina, Juan Pablo Suárez, Paulo Herrera, Dario Cruz et Ingrid Kottke. « Distinct but Closely Related Sebacinales form Mycorrhizae with Coexisting Ericaceae and Orchidaceae in a Neotropical Mountain Area ». Dans Soil Biology, 81–105. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33802-1_5.

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Kertész, Ádám. « The Forests of Lake Balaton Catchment and Their Role in Soil Conservation ». Dans Management of Mountain Watersheds, 209–17. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2476-1_17.

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Pilaš, Ivan, Jasna Medak, Boris Vrbek, Ivan Medved, Ksenija Cindrić, Marijana Gajić-Čapka, Melita Perčec Tadić, Mirta Patarčić, Čedo Branković et Ivan Güttler. « Climate Variability, Soil, and Forest Ecosystem Diversity of the Dinaric Mountains ». Dans Sustainable Development in Mountain Regions, 113–39. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20110-8_9.

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Baranova, Alina, et Udo Schickhoff. « Mountain Pastures of Qilian Shan Under Continuous Grazing : Main Environmental Gradients, Vegetation Composition and Soil Properties ». Dans Mountain Landscapes in Transition, 555–74. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70238-0_25.

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Bayard, Daniel, et Manfred Stähli. « Effects of Frozen Soil on the Groundwater Recharge in Alpine Areas ». Dans Climate and Hydrology in Mountain Areas, 73–83. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470858249.ch7.

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Yin, Xiuqin, et Yeqiao Wang. « Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Soil Macrofauna Communities : Changbai Mountain ». Dans Landscape and Land Capacity, 321–26. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020] | Revised edition of : Encyclopedia of natural resources. [2014]. : CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429445552-41.

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Scott, D. F., et D. B. van Wyk. « The Effects of Fire on Soil Water Repellency, Catchment Sediment Yields and Streamflow ». Dans Fire in South African Mountain Fynbos, 216–39. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76174-4_12.

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Sjögersten, Sofie, Christine Alewell, Lauric Cécillon, Frank Hagedorn, Robert Jandl, Jens Leifeld, Vegard Martinsen, Andreas Schindlbacher, M. Teresa Sebastià et Helga Van Miegroet. « Mountain Soils in a Changing Climate - Vulnerability of Carbon Stocks and Ecosystem Feedbacks ». Dans Soil Carbon in Sensitive European Ecosystems, 118–48. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119970255.ch6.

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Garcia-Pausas, Jordi, Joan Romanyà, Francesc Montané, Ana I. Rios, Marc Taull, Pere Rovira et Pere Casals. « Are Soil Carbon Stocks in Mountain Grasslands Compromised by Land-Use Changes ? » Dans High Mountain Conservation in a Changing World, 207–30. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55982-7_9.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Mountain soil"

Tugzhzhav, Oyuunchimeg, Uyanga Munkhzhargal et Munkhnasan Sarantuyaa. « SOME GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF SOILS IN THE JARGALANT REGION IN WESTERN MONGOLIA ». Dans Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-75-78.

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The article examines the patterns of distribution and basic characteristics of the main soil types, reveals the geochemical structure of soils of the arid territory in the central part of the Great Lakes Basin, for example, the region of the DJargalant mountain based on the fundamental theoretical foundations of world soil geography and soil geochemistry. The establishment on this basis of the features of structures within the high mountain, low mountain landscapes and landscapes of the lakeside plain.

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Elmagre, Egbal, et Peter Hoffman. « Laboratory Corroboration of Proposals for Soil Reinforced with Geosynthetic Strips ». Dans Rocky Mountain Geo-Conference 2021. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483268.006.

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Terhaar, Danielle M. « USING THE CHEMICAL SIGNATURE OF DUST TO UNDERSTAND SOIL DEVELOPMENT AND CARBON STORAGE IN SOILS ». Dans 68th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016rm-276257.

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Harrison, James. « HILLSLOPE SOIL LANDSCAPES ». Dans Joint 118th Annual Cordilleran/72nd Annual Rocky Mountain Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022cd-374128.

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Monley, Greg J., Steve Jamieson, Henry (Sonny) Buczek et Don Lopez. « Clear Lake Dam Replacement : RCC Dam on a Challenging Soil Foundation ». Dans Rocky Mountain Geo-Conference 2018. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481936.006.

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Elmagre, Egbal, et Peter Hoffman. « Deformation and Capacity of Vacuum-Wrapped Reinforced Soil Test Structures ». Dans 2016 Biennial Rocky Mountain Geo-Conference. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480250.007.

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Stewart, Heather, Robert Mascarenas, Steve Kuehr et Ed Lafferty. « Innovative Use of Soil Mixing for U.S. 34, Big Thompson Canyon Flood Recovery ». Dans Rocky Mountain Geo-Conference 2018. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481936.014.

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Luppens, Justin M., Cassandra K. Hennings et Richard Orndorff. « GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF MARTIAN SOIL SIMULANT JSC MARS-1 ». Dans 68th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016rm-276052.

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Mingli Zhang, Wenjing Cui et Hao Yang. « Effects of soil erosion on soil quality in rocky mountain areas of northern China ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965706.

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Penin, Rumen, et Dimitar Zhelev. « HEAVY METALS CONTENT IN THE SOIL OF THE OSOGOVO MOUNTAIN ». Dans 6th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE GEOBALCANICA 2020. Geobalcanica Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18509/gbp.2020.07.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Mountain soil"

Schreiber, Madeline. Soil Moisture and Weather Data from Southern Rocky Mountain. Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI), octobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4211/his-5644-agci-irondataset.

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MORRISON-KNUDSEN ENGINEERS INC DENVER CO. Soil Investigation and Inventory of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Adams County, Colorado. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, octobre 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada295392.

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Adams, Mary Beth, James Burger, Lucian Zelazny et John Baumgras. Description of the Fork Mountain long-term soil productivity study : site characterization. Newtown Square, PA : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-323.

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Pradhan, Nawa Raj. Estimating growing-season root zone soil moisture from vegetation index-based evapotranspiration fraction and soil properties in the Northwest Mountain region, USA. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42128.

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A soil moisture retrieval method is proposed, in the absence of ground-based auxiliary measurements, by deriving the soil moisture content relationship from the satellite vegetation index-based evapotranspiration fraction and soil moisture physical properties of a soil type. A temperature–vegetation dryness index threshold value is also proposed to identify water bodies and underlying saturated areas. Verification of the retrieved growing season soil moisture was performed by comparative analysis of soil moisture obtained by observed conventional in situ point measurements at the 239-km2 Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho, USA (2006–2009), and at the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) soil moisture measurement sites in Sundance, Wyoming (2012–2015), and Lewistown, Montana (2014–2015). The proposed method best represented the effective root zone soil moisture condition, at a depth between 50 and 100 cm, with an overall average R2 value of 0.72 and average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.042.

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Vaniman, D., S. Chipera et D. Bish. Sources of Fe in eolian and soil detritus at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/314108.

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Huggins, T. R., B. A. Prigge, M. R. Sharifi et P. W. Rundel. Community Dynamics and Soil Seed Bank Ecology of Lane Mountain Milkvetch (Astragalus jaegerianus Munz). Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, août 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582562.

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Balasco, A. A., J. I. Stevens, J. W. Adams, D. L. Cerundolo et S. Rickard. Laboratory-Scale Soil Washing Test on Rocky Mountain Arsenal Basin F material (Task Order No. 8). Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, août 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244010.

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Shem, L. M., D. H. Rosenblatt, M. P. Smits, P. L. Wilkey et S. W. Ballou. Preliminary screening of alternative technologies to incineration for treatment of chemical-agent-contaminated soil, Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/266835.

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Adams, Mary Beth. Site productivity and diversity of the Middle Mountain long-term soil productivity study, West Virginia : Pre-experimental site characterization. Newtown Square, PA : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-176.

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Wang, J. S. Y., et T. N. Narasimhan. Processes, mechanisms, parameters, and modeling approaches for partially saturated flow in soil and rock media ; Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juin 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/139248.

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