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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Mothers – Employment – West, Germany »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Mothers – Employment – West, Germany"

Schober, Pia, et Christian Schmitt. « Day-care availability, maternal employment and satisfaction of parents : Evidence from cultural and policy variations in Germany ». Journal of European Social Policy 27, n^o 5 (1 février 2017) : 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928716688264.

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This study investigates how the availability and expansion of childcare services for children aged under 3 years relate to the subjective wellbeing of German mothers and fathers. It extends previous studies by examining in more detail the relationship between day-care availability and use, maternal employment and parental subjective wellbeing during early childhood in a country with expanding childcare services and varying work–care cultures. The empirical analysis links annual day-care attendance rates at the county-level to individual-level data of the Socio-Economic Panel Study for 2007–2012 and the ‘Families in Germany’ Study for 2010–2012. We apply fixed-effects panel models to samples of 2002 couples and 376 lone mothers. We find some evidence of a positive effect of the day-care expansion only on satisfaction with family life for lone mothers and for full-time employed partnered mothers. Transitions to full-time employment are associated with reductions in subjective wellbeing irrespective of local day-care availability among partnered mothers in West Germany but not in East Germany. These results suggest that varying work–care cultures between East and West Germany are more important moderators of the relationship between maternal employment and satisfaction than short-term regional expansions of childcare services.

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Möser, Anke, Susan E. Chen, Stephanie B. Jilcott et Rodolfo M. Nayga. « Associations between maternal employment and time spent in nutrition-related behaviours among German children and mothers ». Public Health Nutrition 15, n^o 7 (21 décembre 2011) : 1256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003375.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between maternal employment and time spent engaging in nutrition-related behaviours among mothers and children using a nationally representative sample of households in West and East Germany.DesignA cross-sectional analysis was performed using time-use data for a sample of mother–child dyads. Associations between maternal employment and time spent in nutrition-related activities such as eating at home, eating away from home and food preparation were estimated using a double-hurdle model.SettingGerman Time Budget Survey 2001/02.SubjectsThe overall sample included 1071 households with a child between 10 and 17 years of age. The time-use data were collected for a 3 d period of observation (two weekdays and one weekend day).ResultsMaternal employment was associated with the time children spent on nutrition-related behaviours. In households with employed mothers, children spent more time eating alone at home and less time eating meals with their mothers. Moreover, employed mothers spent less time on meal preparation compared with non-employed mothers. There were regional differences in time spent on nutrition-related behaviours, such that East German children were more likely to eat at home alone than West German children.ConclusionsMaternal employment was associated with less time spent eating with children and preparing food, which may be related to the increasing childhood obesity rates in Germany. Future national surveys that collect both time-use data and health outcomes could yield further insight into mechanisms by which maternal time use might be associated with health outcomes among children.

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Stahl, Juliane Frederike, et Pia Sophia Schober. « Convergence or Divergence ? Educational Discrepancies in Work-Care Arrangements of Mothers with Young Children in Germany ». Work, Employment and Society 32, n^o 4 (7 avril 2017) : 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017017692503.

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This study examines how educational differences in work-care patterns among mothers with young children in Germany changed between 1997 and 2013. Since the mid-2000s, Germany has undergone a paradigm shift in parental leave and childcare policies. Our comparative analysis of East and West Germany provides new evidence on whether the long-standing gender regime differences interact with recent developments of social class inequalities in the changing family policy context. The analyses include pooled binary and multinomial logistic regressions based on 17,764 observations of 8604 children below the age of three years from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP). The findings point to growing educational divergence in work-care arrangements in East and West Germany: employment and day-care use increased more strongly among families with medium and highly educated mothers compared to those with low education. This has critical implications for the latter’s economic security. The decline in the use of informal childcare options was, however, fairly homogenous.

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Zoch, Gundula. « Public childcare provision and employment participation of East and West German mothers with different educational backgrounds ». Journal of European Social Policy 30, n^o 3 (20 janvier 2020) : 370–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928719892843.

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By focusing on a period of a major public childcare expansion in Germany, this study investigates whether higher levels of childcare coverage for under-threes have been positively associated with employment among mothers with different educational backgrounds. Both standard economic labour theories and sociological theories presume that the effect of public childcare provision varies with mothers’ educational attainment. The analysis links county-level data on annual childcare ratios with individual-level data from the Socio-Economic Panel Study (2007–2016). To match mothers with similar characteristics in counties with childcare ratios above and below the annual median within East and West Germany, entropy balancing is applied. Findings indicate a positive relationship between childcare provision and maternal employment, with more pronounced associations for mothers with at least a vocational degree, those with a second birth and those who receive full-time access to childcare.

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Kreyenfeld, Michaela, et Esther Geisler. « Müttererwerbstätigkeit in Ost- und Westdeutschland ». Journal of Family Research 18, n^o 3 (1 décembre 2006) : 333–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-299.

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This article provides an overview on the labor force behavior of women with children in East and West Germany using data from the German Microcensus of the years 1991, 1996 and 2002. Besides the question of an East-West-convergence of behavior, we investigate educational differences in mothers’ employment behavior. Zusammenfassung Auf Basis der Daten des Mikrozensus aus den Jahren 1991, 1996 und 2002 gibt dieser Artikel einen Überblick über das Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen mit Kindern in Ost- und Westdeutschland. Neben der Frage der Ost-West-Angleichung stehen bildungsspezifische Unterschiede im Erwerbsverhalten im Vordergrund der Analyse.

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Schröder, Martin. « Men Lose Life Satisfaction with Fewer Hours in Employment : Mothers Do Not Profit from Longer Employment—Evidence from Eight Panels ». Social Indicators Research 152, n^o 1 (16 juillet 2020) : 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02433-5.

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Abstract This article uses random and fixed effects regressions with 743,788 observations from panels of East and West Germany, the UK, Australia, South Korea, Russia, Switzerland and the United States. It shows how the life satisfaction of men and especially fathers in these countries increases steeply with paid working hours. In contrast, the life satisfaction of childless women is less related to long working hours, while the life satisfaction of mothers hardly depends on working hours at all. In addition, women and especially mothers are more satisfied with life when their male partners work longer, while the life satisfaction of men hardly depend on their female partners’ work hours. These differences between men and women are starker where gender attitudes are more traditional. They cannot be explained through differences in income, occupations, partner characteristics, period or cohort effects. These results contradict role expansionist theory, which suggests that men and women profit similarly from moderate work hours; they support role conflict theory, which claims that men are most satisfied with longer and women with shorter work hours.

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Drobnic, S. « The Effects of Children on Married and Lone Mothers' Employment in the United States and (West) Germany ». European Sociological Review 16, n^o 2 (1 juin 2000) : 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/16.2.137.

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Liechti, Lena. « Resource-related inequalities in mothers’ employment in two family-policy regimes : evidence from Switzerland and West Germany ». European Societies 19, n^o 1 (23 novembre 2016) : 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2016.1258083.

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Pavlica, Branko. « Migrations from Yugoslavia to Germany : Migrants, emigrants, refugees and asylum-seekers ». Medjunarodni problemi 57, n^o 1-2 (2005) : 121–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0502121p.

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Migrations from Yugoslavia to Germany have a long tradition. There have been various economic and social causes, and in some periods even political ones for that phenomenon. Taking into consideration the historical aspect and also the contemporary migration flows, the dynamics of migrations of the Yugoslav population to Germany has the following stages in its development. The first stage had begun in late XIX century and ended with the World War I. Although the overseas migration flows prevailed, yet the German agriculture and its mine industry attracted a part of the Yugoslav population. Between the two world wars mostly "Westfahl Slovenes" and Croats and Serbs from Bosnia-Herzegovina got "temporary employed" in the Rhine-Westfahl industrial area, along with several thousand Serb-Croat-Slovene agricultural seasonal workers per year. The second stage began immediately after the Second World War when most of about 200,000 citizens from the former Yugoslavia, being mostly refugees, moved from the West European to overseas countries, but some of them stayed in Germany. Involuntary migrants and refugees, however, returned in great number from Germany to Yugoslavia. At that stage non-extradition of war criminals on the part of the West occupying powers on German territory, then disregard of West German Governments of the anti-Yugoslav activities of the part of extreme Yugoslav emigration, and different interpretation of the bilateral agreement on extradition, became the essential problem in relations between SFR Yugoslavia and FR Germany. The third stage in development of migrations commenced in early 1960s. At that time, Germany and other Western countries became prominently immigrational, while since mid-1960s till 1973 economic emigrants from Yugoslavia became more and more important in the German economic space. From 1954 to 1967 migration of Yugoslav citizens had not yet been intensive and their intention was mostly to work abroad. Illegal employment was, however, prominent at that time. Due to the normalisation of political relations, re-establishment of diplomatic relations and conclusion of bilateral agreements that legally defined employment of foreign workers, since 1968 till 1973 a great number of Yugoslavs got employed in FR Germany. The contemporary migrations from FR Yugoslavia to Germany resulted from the economic and political crisis in the former SFRY as well as from the civil wars that were waged in the Yugoslav territory. FR Germany became the most important destination country of Yugoslav migrants - workers, refugees, false asylum-seekers and political emigrants. Different categories of migrants from Yugoslavia to Germany enjoy the treatment that is in accordance with the immigration policies of the German governments as well as with the degree of development of the German-Yugoslav political and economic relations, and the degree of the established co-operation in the field of legal assistance and social welfare. Migrant workers, who have legally regulated their employment and residence status, could in the future expect to gain assistance from their mother country in getting efficient protection of their rights and interests in all stages of the migration process. Numerous migrants asylum-seekers, in spite of the proclaimed international protection, share, however, the fate resulting from the politically motivated measures and actions taken by the German authorities within the arbitrary decision-making of the right and/or abuse of the right to asylum. This is the reason why as early as in late 1994 the Government of FRG announced that it would expel foreigners from the country. The remaining refugees, or actually the so-called false asylum-seekers in FR Germany, share the fate of forced repatriation. Within this category special emphasis should be placed on the attitude of the German government to the Albanians and Roma from Kosovo. At first, the Germans treated the Albanians from Kosovo as politically persecuted persons, offering them refuge. Then they declared them (and Roma also) to be false asylum-seekers and insisted on readmission - their gradual repatriation to Kosovo. Considering both positive and negative implications of the migration process, the key issue for the citizens from Serbia and Montenegro who live in Germany remains the following: maintenance of their national identity, cherishing of their mother tongue and culture, keeping up relations with their mother country, social gathering - in various associations, clubs and organisations, education in their mother tongue, what particularly includes comprehensive additional teaching for children in Serbian, as well as better information dissemination.

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Zagel, Hannah. « Are All Single Mothers the Same ? Evidence from British and West German Women’s Employment Trajectories ». European Sociological Review 30, n^o 1 (9 août 2013) : 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jct021.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Mothers – Employment – West, Germany"

Zagel, Hannah. « Timing of single motherhood : implications for employment careers in Great Britain and West Germany ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9551.

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This thesis investigates how family–employment reconciliation issues associated with single motherhood affect women’s employment careers. The study fills a gap in the literature, which rarely considers single motherhood and employment as processes in the life course, much less in a cross-country comparative perspective. Patterns of employment trajectories during and after single motherhood are examined as the outcome of individual and institutional circumstances. Great Britain and West Germany are used as contrasting cases that represent relatively different contexts of labour market structures and family policy. Longitudinal individual-level data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) are analysed, looking at the period between and including 1991–2008. The thesis develops a theoretical model that assumes differential career outcomes for experiencing single motherhood at different life stages. Higher difficulties of family–employment reconciliation are predicted for women experiencing single motherhood at a young age compared to later stages. The acquisition of marketable resources, which stands in the context of education systems, is assumed to be one of the central mechanisms mediating the relationship between age at single motherhood and employment. Moreover, policies directed at single parents affect reconciliation, shaping opportunity structures on which women can draw in single motherhood. Compared to the German context, Britain provides little institutional support securing labour market attachment for women in single motherhood, particularly when their children are young. Although providing more generous family policy measures in comparison, West German maternity leave regulations are often not applicable to women in single motherhood, and childcare is mostly granted on a half-day basis. The findings from three steps of empirical analysis provide new insights and highlight specific facets of established facts. First, fixed effects logistic regression is used, which exposes a negative association between single motherhood and entering full-time employment. No differences are observed between partnered and unpartnered mothers, but effective childcare arrangements support women’s transition in both Britain and West Germany. The second step of the analysis explores employment career patterns during and after single motherhood using sequence analysis. The emerging typical patterns are observed to different degrees in the two country contexts. On average, more employment trajectories dominated by non-employment are observed in Britain and by part-time employment in West Germany. In the last step, these findings are used in an explanatory framework, the results of which provide evidence for the life stage hypothesis. The analysis demonstrates that not only social class but also mother’s age, children’s age and skill levels seem to foster employment stability and labour market attachment during and after single motherhood.

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Fitzenberger, Bernd. « Wages and employment across skill groups : an analysis for West Germany / ». Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag, 1999. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=3790812358.

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Struck, Olaf, et Julia Simonson. « Stabilität und De-Stabilität am betrieblichen Arbeitsmarkt ». Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-207812.

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Die institutionelle Form der Erwerbsarbeit befindet sich in einem ständigen Wandel. Sichtbarer Ausdruck dessen ist die in allen Industrienationen gesteigerte Formenvielfalt der Erwerbsarbeit. Seit den achtziger Jahren wird dabei in der Bundesrepublik eine Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses, ein Ende beruflicher Kontinuität und das Schwinden der Beruflichkeit als ökonomisches und soziales Ordnungsprinzip konstatiert. Anknüpfend an diese Diskussion wird gezeigt werden, welche Beschäftigungsmuster west- und ostdeutsche Unternehmen heute präferieren. Im Folgenden werden nach einer kurzen Einführung in die Fragestellung, in Arbeitsmarkttheorien und den Untersuchungsaufbau die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung in drei Schritten vorgestellt. In einem ersten Schritt wird die betriebliche Übergangspolitik anhand von betrieblichen Ein- und Ausstiegen untersucht. Nachfolgend wird der betriebliche Altersaufbau als Resultat betrieblicher Übergangspolitik dargestellt. Abschließend werden zwei Typen betrieblicher Übergangspolitiken vorgestellt und in ihren Folgewirkungen analysiert.

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Kenjoh, Eiko. « Balancing work and family life in Japan and four European countries : econometric analyses on mothers' employment and timing of maternity ». [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Thela Thesis] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/72462.

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Walthery, Pierre. « Geographies of motherhood : sub-national differences in the involvement in paid work of mothers of young children : the cases of Germany and the UK ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/geographies-of-motherhood-subnational-differences-in-the-involvement-in-paid-work-of-mothers-of-young-children-the-cases-of-germany-and-the-uk(430e3049-3b9f-4dea-90ee-36fe138f03a5).html.

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In this thesis I analyse sub-national differences in the employment trajectories of mothers of young children in Germany (Bundeslaender) and the UK (Government Office Regions and Metropolitan counties). The thesis combines longitudinal and spatial approaches to paid work, and focuses on mothers of children under 6 - arguably the group at the core of the social (re)production of gender differences in employment. One of its aims is to nuance the existing literature explaining the differences in women's involvement in paid work in terms of national welfare and/or breadwinner regimes - by looking at the nature and extent of regional variations in the patterns of involvement that make these countries typical of such regimes. Its specific goals consist in testing the Latent Growth Curve (LCM) framework as a method for modelling variations in participation in paid work over time, then in exploring three possible explanations for the regional differences observed. The respective role of regional differences in the family formation and social position of the maternal labour force, of the availability of suitable jobs in particular segregated jobs, and finally of economic histories in relation to women's orientations to work is assessed. The results confirmed that LCM represents an innovative tool to understand variations of involvement in paid work over time, and revealed significant regional differences, beyond the 'North South' and 'East-West' divides documented respectively in the UK and Germany. In both countries, results pointed at a combined effect of the three explanatory factors analysed. Whilst composition and labour demands effects went some way towards explaining some of the variations observed, at the same time additional regional variations were discovered once composition factors were taken into account. Finally the pattern of association between the remaining unexplained regional variation and aggregate attitudes of women towards paid work suggests an influence of long term trends in participation on present levels of involvement.

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Grunow, Daniela. « Convergence, persistence and diversity in male and female careers - does context matter in an era of globalization ? : a comparison of gendered employment mobility patterns in West Germany and Denmark / ». Opladen Farmington Hills Ed. Recherche, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2827841&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Zoch, Gundula [Verfasser], Sandra [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchholz, Pia S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schober et Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Gebel. « Expanding Public Childcare Services for Under-threes. An Empirical Investigation of Maternal Employment and Gender Ideologies in East and West Germany / Gundula Zoch ; Sandra Buchholz, Pia S. Schober, Michael Gebel ». Bamberg : Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162133619/34.

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NAUMANN, Ingela. « Childcare politics in the West German and Swedish welfare states from the 1950s to the 1970s ». Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6348.

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Defence date: 2 October 2006
Examining board: Prof. Klaus Eder (Humboldt-University, Berlin) ; Prof. Birgit Pfau-Effinger (University Hamburg) ; Prof. Bo Stråth (European University Institute) ; Prof. Colin Crouch (The University of Warwick)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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Hagen, Tobias. « Labour market effects of fixed-term employment contracts : microeconometric analyses for West Germany / ». 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/498951308.pdf.

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Hagen, Tobias [Verfasser]. « Labour market effects of fixed-term employment contracts : microeconometric analyses for West Germany / Tobias Hagen ». 2005. http://d-nb.info/975692267/34.

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Livres sur le sujet "Mothers – Employment – West, Germany"

Die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Müttern, institutionelle Steuerung oder kulturelle Prägung ? : Eine empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel von Belgien, West- und Ostdeutschland. Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009.

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Südekum, Jens. Wages and employment growth : Disaggregated evidence for West Germany. Bonn, Germany : IZA, 2004.

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Fund, International Monetary, dir. Skills, wages, and employment in East and West Germany. Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund, 1995.

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Büchel, Felix. Form der Kinderbetreuung und Arbeitsmarktverhalten von Müttern in West- und Ostdeutschland. Stuttgart : Kohlhammer, 2002.

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Blien, Uwe. Local employment growth in West Germany : A dynamic panel approach. Bonn, Germany : IZA, 2005.

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1938-, Matzner Egon, Wagner Michael 1948-, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. Forschungsschwerpunkt Arbeitsmarkt und Beschäftigung. et Conference "New Technology : Its Impact on Labour Markets and the Employment System" (1988 : Berlin, Germany), dir. The Employment impact of new technology : The case of West Germany. Aldershot, Hants, England : Avebury, 1990.

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West of the Wall. Long Preston : Magna, 2009.

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Gustafsson, Siv. Incentives for women to work : A comparison between the Netherlands, Sweden, and West Germany. The Hague : Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy, 1991.

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Blau, Francine D. Gender and youth employment outcomes : The US and West Germany, 1984-91. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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Reconciliation policy in Germany 1998-2008 : Construing the 'problem' of the incompatibility of paid employment and care work. Wiesbaden : VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Mothers – Employment – West, Germany"

Paqué, Karl-Heinz. « East/West-Wage Rigidity in United Germany ». Dans Employment Policy in Transition, 52–82. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56560-1_4.

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Börsch-Supan, Axel, et Peter Schmidt. « Early Retirement in East and West Germany ». Dans Employment Policy in Transition, 83–102. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56560-1_5.

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Gaab, Werner, et Olaf Liedtke. « On the Long-run Relationship Between Money, Output and Interest Rates : A Cointegration Analysis for West Germany ». Dans Output and Employment Fluctuations, 213–29. Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57989-9_13.

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Gangl, Markus. « Dynamics of employment and unemployment in the United States and West Germany ». Dans Contributions to Economics, 71–113. Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag HD, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57334-7_4.

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Lutz, Katharina, Mandy Boehnke, Johannes Huinink et Silke Tophoven. « Female Employment, Reconciliation Policies and Childbearing Intentions in East and West Germany ». Dans Childbearing, Women’s Employment and Work-Life Balance Policies in Contemporary Europe, 97–134. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137318541_4.

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Salvatici, Silvia. « From Displaced Persons to Labourers : Allied Employment Policies in Post-War West Germany ». Dans The Disentanglement of Populations, 210–28. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230297685_10.

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Mokoene, Kearabetswe, et Grace Khunou. « Young Mothers, Labour Migration and Social Security in South Africa ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 141–52. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92114-9_10.

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AbstractDue to the conditions of apartheid and social engineering, internal labour migration played an important role in shaping the roles and relationships of South African families. In a recent study on internal labour migration in South Africa, Mokoene (2017) found that even though men remain the main migrants in households, young women are becoming prominent migrants as well. This finding echoes other existing findings on national and international migration which illustrate that women continue to migrate in large numbers within and across borders in search of employment (Xulu-Gama, 2017; Kihato, 2013; Walker, 1990). Studies also show that labour migration presents both benefits and costs for migrant sending families (Mokoene & Khunou, 2019; see also Yao & Treiman, 2011). In this chapter we take a closer look at experiences of the families of young women who migrate from the rural parts of Madibeng in the North West Province of South Africa, to neighboring cities in search of employment. This is from a study by Mokoene (2017) which found that the migration of these young women come with a cost including, non-remittance, parental absence, and poverty to the families left behind.

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Kasarda, John D., et Jürgen Friedrichs. « 9. Economic Transformation, Minorities, and Urban Demographic-Employment Mismatch in the U.S. and West Germany ». Dans The Future of the Metropolis, sous la direction de Hans-Jürgen Ewers, John B. Goddard et Horst Matzerath, 221–50. Berlin, Boston : De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110854237-011.

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Lücke, Matthias. « Trade with Low-income Countries and the Relative Wages and Employment Opportunities of the Unskilled : An Exploratory Analysis for West Germany and the UK ». Dans Global Trade and European Workers, 69–95. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27035-4_4.

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Ruble, Alexandria N. « Post-war paternalism and modern mothers : Changing families in 1950s West Germany ». Dans The Family in Modern Germany. Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350047730.ch-004.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Mothers – Employment – West, Germany"

Darsono, Nancy Dalla, Sri Wahyuningsih et Agneta Irmarahayu. « Factors Influencing the Use of Long-Lasting Contraception Methods among Reproductive-Age Women in Sukmajaya Community Health Care, Depok, West Java ». Dans The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.38.

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ABSTRACT Background: One of strategic goals of the Population and Family Planning Board for the 2015-2019 period is to increase active family planning participants using the Long-Term Contraception Method (MKJP). This method is emphasized by the government because it is the most effective way to reduce the birth rate. However, the data show that the interest in using MKJP by women of fertile age is still lower than that of using non-MKJP. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the selection of MKJP among fertile aged women at public health center, Depok, West Java. Subjects and Methods: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted at Sukmajaya public health center, Depok, West Java, Indonesia, from March to May 2019. A sample of 84 reproductive-age women was selected for this study. The dependent variable was choice of long term contraception. The independent variables were age, education, knowledge, income, employment status, number of children, and husband support. The data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed using a multiple logistic regression. Results: The choice of long-term contraceptive method increased with age > 35 years (OR = 2.84; 95% CI= 0.86 to 9.42), high education (OR= 3.40; 95% CI = 0.51 to 22.67), the number of children ≥ 3 (OR = 1.25; 95% CI= 0.36 to 4.38), working mothers (OR= 4.98; 95% CI= 1.06 to 23.40), income> Minimum Regional Wage (OR= 0.21; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.85), high knowledge (OR= 5.01; 95% CI= 1.33 to 18.85), and strong husband support (OR= 2.04, 95% CI= 0.34 to 11.44). Conclusion: Factors that influence the choice of long term contraception methods are age, education, number of children, employment status, income, knowledge and support of husbands. Keywords: long-term contraceptive, reproductive-age women Correspondence: Nancy Dalla Darsono. FK UPN Veteran Jakarta. South Jakarta. nancydallad@outlook.com. 08179986446 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.38

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Kurniagung, Philipus Prihantiko, et Vitri Widyaningsih. « Fertility Determinants in Indonesia : Analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Survey Year 2017 ». Dans The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.120.

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ABSTRACT Background: The current fertility rate for Indonesia in 2020 is 2.28 births per woman. High fertility, particularly when it involves conception either too early or too late in the fertility cycle or when short birth intervals are involved, is known to pose higher risks for both mothers and infants. This study aimed to investigate fertility determinants in Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out using Indonesian basic health survey year 2017. A sample of 34,199 women of reproductive age aged 15-49 years was selected for this study. The dependent variable was live birth children. The independent variables were education, knowledge toward contraception, employment status, literacy, family discussion, health insurance membership, child birth last year, contraceptive method, residence, province, and source of information. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The likelihood of women to have children >2 increased with low education (OR= 2.67; 95% CI= 2.53 to 2.81; p<0.001), low literacy (OR= 1.59; 95% CI= 1.44 to 1.75; p<0.001), and no family discussion (OR= 1.2; 95% CI= 1.13 to 1.24; p<0.001). The likelihood of women to have children >2 decreased with no health insurance membership (OR= 0.73; 95% CI= 0.69 to 0.76; p<0.001), use contraception (OR= 0.33; 95% CI= 0.31 to 0.34; p<0.001), child birth delivery last year (OR= 0.77; 95% CI= 0.71 to 0.83; p<0.001), lived in province in West Indonesia (OR= 0.69; 95% CI= 0.66 to 0.72; p<0.001), received information from private agency (OR= 0.83; 95% CI= 0.78 to 0.89; p<0.001), and worked (OR= 0.72; 95% CI= 0.69 to 0.75; p<0.001). Conclusion: The likelihood of women to have children >2 increases with low education, low literacy, and no family discussion. The likelihood of women to have children >2 decreases with no health insurance membership, use contraception, child birth delivery last year, lived in province in West Indonesia, received information from private agency, and worked. Keywords: fertility, women of reproductive age, demography Correspondence: Philipus Prihantiko Kurniagung. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: prihantiko@gmail.com. Mobile: 089688103450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.120

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İrmiş, Ayşe, Mehtap Sarıkaya et Hatice Çoban. « People's Sector as an Alternative Economic Model and the Example of Denizli ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00662.

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People’s sector is an establishment of an enterprise result of bringing together production tools take decisions related to the management of this property and create self-employment opportunities with people’s own savings. This is the most distinctive feature from the private sector and the public sector. As well as the public sector and the private sector, labor is a part of the production, but in people’s sector, employees participate in management, capital and profit. In private sector and public sector there is an up to down organization but in People’s Sector, organization settles from down to top. People’s Sector resemble to publicly held companies and worker companies in Western Europe and United States but differ from them in the form of establishment and statue of partnership. Because in these companies in the West, government or private sector open shares to public or make workers partner to the shares. In these companies, managerial decisions belong to the person or group that holds most of the shares. Whereas in public sector enterprises, people come together and have equal rights in establishment and management of the enterprise, without any person or group keeping the majority of shares in the hand. Without a precedent in the world, this sector is formed in 1970’s with the savings of the workers went from Turkey to Germany and other European countries. In this study, a literature rewiev in the people’s sector has been made, then exemplary research was carried out by the founders of the two People’s sector companies.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Mothers – Employment – West, Germany"

Hank, Karsten, et Michaela R. Kreyenfeld. Does the availability of childcare influence the employment of mothers ? Findings from western Germany. Rostock : Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, mars 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2000-003.

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Blau, Francine, et Lawrence Kahn. Gender and Youth Employment Outcomes : The US and West Germany, 1984-91. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juin 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6078.

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Bender, Stefan, Annette Kohlmann et Stefan Lang. Women, work, and motherhood : changing employment penalties for motherhood in West Germany after 1945 - a comparative analysis of cohorts born in 1934-1971. Rostock : Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, février 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2003-006.

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