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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Mosaic diseases [of sugar-cane]"

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Ernawati, Feny, Syamsuddin Djauhari, Mintarto Martosudiro, Lilik Koesmihartono Putra et Ari Kristini. « Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (ScSMV) Resistance Evaluation of Sugarcane Varieties ». Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 26, no 2 (22 décembre 2022) : 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.71158.

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Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (ScSMV) is the most important viral disease of sugarcane in Indonesia with distribution in almost all commercial sugarcane plantations. The disease causes significant yield losses of both cane tonnage and sugar yield. The use of resistant varieties is the best approach for controlling viral diseases. This study aims to investigate resistance response of several introduced varieties against ScSMV in a glasshouse condition and the impact of the viral infection on chlorophyll and proline content in sugarcane leaves. Sugarcane plants were inoculated using ScSMV inoculum one month after planting using an abrasive pad rubbing method. Disease incidence and severity was observed at week 4-12 after inoculation and variety resistance levels were classified based on disease incidence. Confirmation of the virus was done by RT-PCR. Spectrophotometer was used to measure chlorophyll content at dual wavelengths of 645 and 663 nm, and proline content at wavelengths of 520 nm. The results showed that most of the tested varieties were susceptible to ScSMV. There are six highly resistant varieties, namely SRA 1, SRA 2, N 10-4, N 10-7, N10-9, and N 10-13, but these varieties still require to be tested on a field scale. ScSMV infection generally decrease chlorophyll and proline content. However, the physiological effect of ScSMV infection on chlorophyll and proline content needs further investigation.
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Lu, Guilong, Zhoutao Wang, Fu Xu, Yong-Bao Pan, Michael P. Grisham et Liping Xu. « Sugarcane Mosaic Disease : Characteristics, Identification and Control ». Microorganisms 9, no 9 (17 septembre 2021) : 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091984.

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Mosaic is one of the most important sugarcane diseases, caused by single or compound infection of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), and/or Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV). The compound infection of mosaic has become increasingly serious in the last few years. The disease directly affects the photosynthesis and growth of sugarcane, leading to a significant decrease in cane yield and sucrose content, and thus serious economic losses. This review covers four aspects of sugarcane mosaic disease management: first, the current situation of sugarcane mosaic disease and its epidemic characteristics; second, the pathogenicity and genetic diversity of the three viruses; third, the identification methods of mosaic and its pathogen species; and fourth, the prevention and control measures for sugarcane mosaic disease and potential future research focus. The review is expected to provide scientific literature and guidance for the effective prevention and control of mosaic through resistance breeding in sugarcane.
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He, Er-Qi, Wen-Qing Bao, Sheng-Ren Sun, Chun-Yu Hu, Jian-Sheng Chen, Zheng-Wang Bi, Yuan Xie, Jia-Ju Lu et San-Ji Gao. « Incidence and Distribution of Four Viruses Causing Diverse Mosaic Diseases of Sugarcane in China ». Agronomy 12, no 2 (25 janvier 2022) : 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020302.

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Mosaic diseases of sugarcane caused by various viruses have been reported in most sugarcane planting countries and threaten global sugar production. There is a lack of extensive, systematic investigation of mosaic diseases and their causal viruses in China. In this study, a total of 901 leaf samples showing mosaic symptoms were collected from commercial fields in eight provincial regions in China and tested for sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), and maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) using RT-PCR with four specific primer pairs. Of 901 tested samples, 38.5% (347/901) of samples were infected with one of the four viruses alone. Infection by two or more viruses was seen for 42.6% (384/901) of samples. The highest incidence of virus-causing sugarcane mosaic disease was SrMV (70.1%), followed by SCMV (33.4%) and SCSMV (30.3%), and the lowest incidence was seen for MaYMV (5.1%). Three viruses (SrMV, SCMV, and SCSMV) were found in eight sugarcane-planting provinces, whereas MaYMV was only found in Fujian, Guangxi, and Sichuan provinces. Mixed infections of the three main viruses, particularly for SrMV + SCMV and SrMV + SCSMV, were commonly found in the sugarcane samples. Our systematic determination of the occurrence and distribution of four RNA viruses associated with sugarcane mosaic diseases can provide evidence to guide the development of strategies for the prevention and control of sugarcane mosaic diseases in China.
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Gomez Talquenca, Sebastian, Rodrigo Alonso, Facundo Luna, Melisa Lanza Volpe et Fernando Buscema. « Occurrence of Nine Grapevine Viruses in Commercial Vineyards of Mendoza, Argentina ». Viruses 15, no 1 (7 janvier 2023) : 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010177.

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Grapevine is a widely grown fruit crop that is seriously affected by different viruses, reducing grape yield and quality, as well as threatening profitability. Vineyard disease management requires accurate identification of viral infections. This study aimed to survey the presence of ten grapevine viruses in four geographic sites in the Mendoza province of Argentina. Two hundred twenty-three composite cane samples from 1060 plants of six cultivars were collected from 26 blocks distributed across 11 vineyards. The cane samples were screened by RT-PCR for the following viruses: grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1–4 (GLRaV 1, 2, 3, and 4), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine virus A (GVA) and B (GVB), grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus (GRSPaV), and arabis mosaic virus (ArMV). The results showed an uneven occurrence of viruses through the sampled regions, with GRSPaV being prevalent (71.1%), followed by GFLV (28.9%), GFkV (20.6%), and GLRaV-2 (14.7%). GVB was not detected. This study revealed a moderate prevalence of viruses associated with economically impactful diseases in the vineyards surveyed.
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Weiland, John J., Roshan Sharma Poudel, Alyssa Flobinus, David E. Cook, Gary A. Secor et Melvin D. Bolton. « RNAseq Analysis of Rhizomania-Infected Sugar Beet Provides the First Genome Sequence of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus from the USA and Identifies a Novel Alphanecrovirus and Putative Satellite Viruses ». Viruses 12, no 6 (10 juin 2020) : 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060626.

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“Rhizomania” of sugar beet is a soilborne disease complex comprised of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and its plasmodiophorid vector, Polymyxa betae. Although BNYVV is considered the causal agent of rhizomania, additional viruses frequently accompany BNYVV in diseased roots. In an effort to better understand the virus cohort present in sugar beet roots exhibiting rhizomania disease symptoms, five independent RNA samples prepared from diseased beet seedlings reared in a greenhouse or from field-grown adult sugar beet plants and enriched for virus particles were subjected to RNAseq. In all but a healthy control sample, the technique was successful at identifying BNYVV and provided sequence reads of sufficient quantity and overlap to assemble > 98% of the published genome of the virus. Utilizing the derived consensus sequence of BNYVV, infectious RNA was produced from cDNA clones of RNAs 1 and 2. The approach also enabled the detection of beet soilborne mosaic virus (BSBMV), beet soilborne virus (BSBV), beet black scorch virus (BBSV), and beet virus Q (BVQ), with near-complete genome assembly afforded to BSBMV and BBSV. In one field sample, a novel virus sequence of 3682 nt was assembled with significant sequence similarity and open reading frame (ORF) organization to members within the subgenus Alphanecrovirus (genus Necrovirus; family Tombusviridae). Construction of a DNA clone based on this sequence led to the production of the novel RNA genome in vitro that was capable of inducing local lesion formation on leaves of Chenopodium quinoa. Additionally, two previously unreported satellite viruses were revealed in the study; one possessing weak similarity to satellite maize white line mosaic virus and a second possessing moderate similarity to satellite tobacco necrosis virus C. Taken together, the approach provides an efficient pipeline to characterize variation in the BNYVV genome and to document the presence of other viruses potentially associated with disease severity or the ability to overcome resistance genes used for sugar beet rhizomania disease management.
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Fernando Gil, Jose, Daniel Wibberg, Omid Eini, Eugene I. Savenkov, Mark Varrelmann et Sebastian Liebe. « Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Molecular Insights into the Interaction of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and Beet soil-borne mosaic virus with Their Host Sugar Beet ». Viruses 12, no 1 (8 janvier 2020) : 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12010076.

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Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and Beet soil-borne mosaic virus (BSBMV) are closely related species, but disease development induced in their host sugar beet displays striking differences. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus induces excessive lateral root (LR) formation, whereas BSBMV-infected roots appear asymptomatic. A comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to elucidate transcriptomic changes associated with disease development. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specific either to BNYVV or BSBMV, although both viruses shared a high number of DEGs. Auxin biosynthesis pathways displayed a stronger activation by BNYVV compared to BSBMV-infected plants. Several genes regulated by auxin signalling and required for LR formation were exclusively altered by BNYVV. Both viruses reprogrammed the transcriptional network, but a large number of transcription factors involved in plant defence were upregulated in BNYVV-infected plants. A strong activation of pathogenesis-related proteins by both viruses suggests a salicylic acid or jasmonic acid mediated-defence response, but the data also indicate that both viruses counteract the SA-mediated defence. The ethylene signal transduction pathway was strongly downregulated which probably increases the susceptibility of sugar beet to Benyvirus infection. Our study provides a deeper insight into the interaction of BNYVV and BSBMV with the economically important crop sugar beet.
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Daubeny, Hugh A. « 012 EXPLOITATION OF RUBUS STRIGOSUS IN RASPBERRY BREEDING ». HortScience 29, no 5 (mai 1994) : 429c—429. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.429c.

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The indigenous North American red raspberry, Rubis strigosus has been neglected in breeding programs. Only four cultivars, `Cuthbert', `Latham', `Herbert' and `Ranere' provide most of the germplasm contained in present-day cultivars; no more than six individual wild genotypes of the species are represented by the four cultivars. In recent years, the B.C. breeding program has screened seedling populations of hitherto unexploited genotypes of the species from various locations in North America. Useful traits identified in selections from the populations include levels of resistance to 1) the North American aphid vector, Amphorophora agathonica, of the raspberry mosaic virus complex, 2) to several cane diseases and 3) to root rot caused by Phytophthora fragariae var rubi, as well as desirable fruit traits, such as bright, non-darkening red color and easy release. Selections with cultivar potential have now been identified in the second and third backcross generations from the species.
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Zhang, Lei, Jing Shang, Wenming Wang, Junbo Du, Kai Li, Xiaoling Wu, Liang Yu, Chunyan Liu, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli et Wenyu Yang. « Comparison of Transcriptome Differences in Soybean Response to Soybean Mosaic Virus under Normal Light and in the Shade ». Viruses 11, no 9 (29 août 2019) : 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11090793.

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Shading in the intercropping system is a major abiotic factor which influences soybean growth and development, while soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a biotic factor that limits the yield and quality of soybean. However, little is known about the defense response of soybean to SMV in the shade. Thus, in the current study, both intensity and quality (red:far-red, R:FR) of the light were changed to simulate the shaded environment and comparative transcriptome analysis was performed. Morphologically, plant growth was inhibited by SMV, which decreased 35.93% of plant height and 8.97% of stem diameter in the shade. A total of 3548 and 4319 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in soybean plants infected with SMV under normal light and in the shade. Enrichment analysis showed that the plant defense-related genes were upregulated under normal light but downregulated in the shade. Pathways that were repressed include plant-pathogen interaction, secondary metabolism, sugar metabolism, and vitamin metabolism. In addition, genes associated with signaling pathways such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ETH) were also downregulated in the shade. A qRT-PCR assay of 15 DEGs was performed to confirm transcriptome results. According to our knowledge, this is the first report on soybean response to dual stress factors. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms in which soybean plants were infected with SMV in the shade.
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Mahillon, Mathieu, Raphaël Groux, Floriane Bussereau, Justine Brodard, Christophe Debonneville, Sonia Demal, Isabelle Kellenberger, Madlaina Peter, Thomas Steinger et Olivier Schumpp. « Virus Yellows and Syndrome “Basses Richesses” in Western Switzerland : A Dramatic 2020 Season Calls for Urgent Control Measures ». Pathogens 11, no 8 (6 août 2022) : 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080885.

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Massive outbreaks of virus yellows (VY) and syndrome “basses richesses” (SBR) are thought to be responsible for the major loss of sugar beet yields in 2020 in western cantons of Switzerland. Typical yellowing symptoms were visible during field inspections, and control measures were reportedly ineffective or even absent. Both diseases induce yellowing but have distinct etiologies; while VY is caused by aphid-transmitted RNA viruses, SBR is caused by the cixiid-transmitted γ-proteobacterium Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus. To clarify the situation, samples from diseased plants across the country were screened for the causal agents of VY and SBR at the end of the season. Beet yellows virus (BYV) and Beet chlorosis virus (BChV) showed high incidence nationwide, and were frequently found together in SBR-infected fields in the West. Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) was detected in two sites in the West, while there was no detection of Beet western yellows virus or Beet mosaic virus. The nucleotide diversity of the detected viruses was then investigated using classic and high-throughput sequencing. For both diseases, outbreaks were analyzed in light of monitoring of the respective vectors, and symptoms were reproduced in greenhouse conditions by means of insect-mediated inoculations. Novel quantification tools were designed for BYV, BChV and Ca. A. phytopathogenicus, leading to the identification of specific tissues tropism for these pathogens.
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Kousik, Chandrasekar S., James Brusca et William W. Turechek. « Diseases and Disease Management Strategies Take Top Research Priority in the Watermelon Research and Development Group Members Survey (2014 to 2015) ». Plant Health Progress 17, no 1 (janvier 2016) : 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-s-15-0047.

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Watermelon is an important crop grown for its fruit in the United States and many other countries across the world. A survey of members of the Watermelon Research and Development Group was conducted (2014 to 2015) to identify and rank research priorities. Participants were asked to assign a ranking from 1 to 10 for 25 listed priorities with 1 being most important. Priorities were partitioned into five groups on the basis of the results of several complementary analyses. Based on 30 respondents included in the final analysis, diseases and strategies for their management were identified as the most important research priorities. Fusarium wilt and host resistance to gummy stem blight were considered top priorities and were included in group 1. Group 2 included bacterial fruit blotch, anthracnose resistance, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, fruit yield, improved post-harvest fruit quality, and powdery mildew. Group 3 included seedless pollination, Phytophthora fruit rot, seedless hybrid production, hollow heart, downy mildew, firm flesh, and sugar content. Grafting methods, various viral diseases, and whitefly resistance were included in the 4th group. All write-in priorities fell into the 5th group. The present survey results indicates that research efforts should be directed towards developing solutions for managing important watermelon diseases. Accepted for publication 23 March 2016. Published 29 March 2016.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Mosaic diseases [of sugar-cane]"

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Cruz, Paulo Eduardo Alves Camargo. « Internações por doenças respiratórias, causadas por poluição atmosférica, na região de Presidente Prudente - SP, no período de 2008 a 2011 ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-06022015-171812/.

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Introdução: A queima da cana de açúcar para a colheita ocorre para facilitar o trabalho de corte, reduzir o volume de resíduos, controlar pragas, evaporar e concentrar o açúcar na haste e eliminar animais perigosos do canavial. A queima da cana de açúcar e seus efeitos à saúde humana são o objeto de diversas pesquisas na área da saúde pública brasileira e mundial. Objetivos: Estudar, por diferentes métodos, a relação entre as queimadas de cana de açúcar e a incidência de doenças respiratórias na mesorregião de Presidente Prudente. Verificar a evolução das queimadas e da produção de cana de açúcar na região, no período de 2008 a 2011. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica. Composição de banco de dados geográficos com as variáveis em estudo. Análise dos dados. Elaboração de mapas temáticos e gráficos das variáveis. Cálculo do índice de Moran local das variáveis de estudo. Análise de estatística espacial com os dados de focos de queimadas, hectares de cana de açúcar colhidos com queima prévia e internações. Elaboração de mapas temáticos para comparação e análise. Descrição dos resultados. Resultados: A revisão bibliográfica, entre outras coisas, mostrou diferentes impactos à saúde devido a queima de cana de açúcar. A produção de cana de açúcar aumentou na região de estudo nos últimos anos, consequentemente aumentando a quantidade de queimadas em oposição ao previsto na legislação. Os aglomerados espaciais onde há a colheita com queima prévia coincidiram com os de maior incidência para doenças respiratórias. Identificou se uma área, na porção norte do território estudado de maior vulnerabilidade à poluição atmosférica e, consequentemente, com maior incidência de internações. Conclusões: No período de 2008 a 2011 ocorreu aumento no número de hectares colhidos com queima prévia, associado ao aumento da produção de cana de açúcar. Este efeito não se repetiu nas internações por doenças respiratórias para as faixas etárias selecionadas. Novas pesquisas são necessárias para uma melhor correlação entre o aumento da utilização da queima como método de colheita e as internações respiratórias na região.
Introduction: The burning of sugarcane for harvest occurs to facilitate the cutting work, reduce the volume of waste, control pests, evaporate and concentrate the sugar in the stem and remove dangerous animals from a sugarcane field. The burning of sugar cane and its effects on human health are the subject of several studies in the area of the brazilian and global public health. Objectives: To study, by different methods, the relationship between the burning of sugarcane and the incidence of respiratory illnesses in the middle region of Presidente Prudente. Checking the progress of fires and sugar cane production in the region, from 2008 to 2011. Methods: Literature review. Geographic database composition with the study variables. Data analysis. Preparation of thematic maps and charts of the variables. Calculation of the local Moran index of the study variables. Spatial statistics analysis with data from outbreaks of fires, hectares of sugar cane harvested with previous burning and hospitalizations. Preparation of thematic maps for comparison and analysis. Description of the results. Results: The literature review, among other things, showed different health impacts due to burning of sugar cane. The production of sugar cane increased in the study region in 9 recent years, thus increasing the amount of fires in opposition to the law. The clusters where there is the harvest with previous burning coincided with the highest incidence of respiratory diseases. Identified if an area in the northern portion of the territory studied most vulnerable to air pollution and consequently a higher incidence of hospitalizations. Conclusions: In the period 2008-2011 there was an increase in the number of acres harvested with previous burning, associated with increased production of sugar cane. This effect was not repeated in admissions for respiratory diseases for selected age groups. Further research is needed to better correlation between the increased use of burning as harvesting method and respiratory hospitalizations in the region.
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LE, COZ SERGE. « La rhizomanie de la betterave sucriere : multiplication du virus et aspects agronomiques de la maladie ». Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066644.

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Les chloroplastes des feuilles de betteraves rhizomaniees sont appauvries en pigments, en proteines, en liquides polaires et leur activite photosynthetique est reduite. Dans les cellules virosees, l'etude ultrastructure montre une association des amas de virus avec le reticulum endoplasmique granuleux. Un protocole pour la preparation de suspensions enrichies en cytosores isoles de polymyxa betae est propose. Le champignon est retrouve a tous les niveaux du sol de quatre parcelles rhizomaniees ou saines de la region de pithiviers. Une terre rhizomaniee reste infectieuse aprese un an et demi de lagune en bassin
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Ziegler, Véronique. « La rhizomanie, une maladie virale de la betterave a sucre : contribution a l'etude du mecanisme d'expression et des proprietes biologiques du genome du virus des nervures jaunes et necrotiques de la betterave ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13017.

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Lee, Yuan-Yu, et 李元裕. « A New Natural Products from Sugar Cane - Policosanol : Treatment for Hypercholesterolemia and Cardiovascular Diseases ». Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80683058430805117172.

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碩士
中國醫藥學院
營養研究所
91
英 文 摘 要 One of the common chronic diseases in developed countries is cardiovascular disease (CVD), and its mortality is very high. CVD major results from atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia and oxydative stress are major factors of pro-atherosclerosis. Policosanol is a mixture of higher primary aliphatic alcohols isolated and purified from Sugar Cane, the most major compound is Octacosanol. All cell-culture experiments, animal experiments, and human clinical studies demonstrated that Policosanol has good lowing-cholesterol effects, it can decrease total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Furthermore, this effect performed equal to or better than most of other lowering-lipid drugs. In addition to lowing-cholesterol effects, these experiments also demonstrated that Policosanol has anti-platelet aggregation, inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation and reduced LDL oxidation…etc. other anti-cardiovascular disease effects. Therefore, its anti-cardiovascular disease benefit effect is pleiotropic. Safety assay experiments demorested that Policosanol has good safeties, almost no related side effects were found, and this performed equal to or better than most of other lowering-lipid drugs. In addition to anti-cardiovascular disease benefit effect, fewer studies also demonstrated that Policosanol has hepatoprotective effect…etc. other pharmacologic effects, too. In conclusion, Policosanol is a natural product, which pharmacologic effects is pleiotropic and has good safety. Futhermore studies will investigate whether its lowing-cholesterol effects performed by modested activated peroxisome proliferator activated receptorα(PPARα) in liver or not. In addition to clear the mechanism of this effect , it also make this study go into the cell and molecule biology level.
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Permaul, Kugenthiren. « Molecular characterisation and detection of xanthomonas albilineans, the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen ». Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5077.

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Livres sur le sujet "Mosaic diseases [of sugar-cane]"

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Koike, Hideo. Sugar-cane diseases : A guide for field identification. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1988.

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Koike, Hideo. Sugar-cane diseases : A guide for field identification. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1988.

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Ganeshan, Seelavarn. A guide to the insect pests of sugar cane in Mauritius. [Réduit, Mauritius] : Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, 2001.

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East, Edward M. Report on the Sugar Cane Mosaic Situation in February, 1924, at Soledad, Cuba. Harvard University Press, 2013.

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East, Edward M. A Report on the Sugar Cane Mosaic Situation in February, 1924, at Soledad, Cuba. Harvard University Press, 2014.

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Cane Toads : A Tale of Sugar, Politics and Flawed Science. Sydney University Press, 2013.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Mosaic diseases [of sugar-cane]"

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Bakker, H. « Diseases of Sugar Cane ». Dans Sugar Cane Cultivation and Management, 247–66. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4725-9_17.

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HUMBERT, ROGER P. « CONTROL OF PESTS AND DISEASES ». Dans The Growing of Sugar Cane, 590–662. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-3295-9.50015-9.

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Fernández-Prieto, Leida. « Circuits of Knowledge of Tropical Commodities ». Dans The Oxford Handbook of Commodity History, 381–402. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197502679.013.20.

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Abstract This chapter explores the role of knowledge circuits as a category of analysis in the techno-scientific developments of tropical products within the history of science and environmental and commodity histories. It uses the terms ‘domestic knowledge circuits’ and ‘tropical scientific knowledge’ to understand the intimate connection between the advances of science and the clearly practical and productivist objectives of knowledge applied to basic goods. This suggests complex and changing dynamics within the chain and life cycle of goods and illustrates areas of encounter, negotiation, and hybridity in the production and circulation of knowledge. This is exemplified with a case study of the control and eradication of the sugar cane mosaic virus in Cuba and Puerto Rico, highlighting the necessary interconnections between local and global strategies for the generation of new scientific knowledge. The chapter concludes with suggestions as to how such analytical frameworks may further research into the knowledge circuits of commodities.
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Czyżewska, Barbara. « The Story of Defeat Havana ». Dans The Story of Hilton Hotels. Goodfellow Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911396949-4319.

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Pleasure Island - Cuba is an intriguing island which, since the day it was discovered by Christopher Columbus, has been fighting for independence and freedom and has never quite succeeded in achieving this aim to this day. Almost all of the native Cubans whom Columbus would have encountered in 1492 were either killed by Spanish colonialists or passed away infected with European diseases such as measles and smallpox, to which their bodies were not immune. People who today call themselves Cuban are, in most cases, decedents of Hispanic colonialists or of African slaves brought across the Atlantic on Spanish galleons to cultivate sugar cane farms. A series of rebellions throughout the 19th century failed to end the Spanish rule. However, in 1898 the Spanish – American War resulted in Spain withdrawing from the island and, following three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902. The US helped to revive the ravaged island’s infrastructure and economy, though not without considerable self-interest (Perur, 2015). For many decades the Cuban economy depended heavily on sugar cane which was exported first to Spain and later to the US. Together with the socio-cultural changes of the twentieth century, another industry started playing a key role; this was tourism. Thanks to a relaxed approach to alcohol, gambling and other leisure pursuits, Cuba turned into a convenient backyard playground for US tourists, especially during the prohibition of the 1920s, carrying this reputation well into the 1950s.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Mosaic diseases [of sugar-cane]"

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Petrova, A. D. « VIRAL AND NEMATODE INFECTIONS IN PLANTINGS OF THE GARDEN STRAWBERRY ». Dans THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.316-321.

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Protecting strawberries from various diseases and phytoparasites plays an important role in providing high yields. Ditylenchiasis caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857, Filipjev, 1936) is a wide-spread and highly dangerous disease with the greatest economic impact worldwide. The disease is common in industrial gardens, on farms and subsidiary farms. The stem nematode being a serious pest reduces strawberry yield by almost 3-5 times. Berries become small and ugly on damaged plants and their sugar content decreases. The plant reproductive capacity decreases by 6-10 times. The most dangerous and economically significant viruses for strawberries are arabis mosaic vitis ArMV, strawberry latent ringspot virus SLRSV, tomato black ring virus TBRV, and raspberry ringspot virus RpRSV. The symptoms of strawberry damage by nepoviruses appear as dwarfism and a chlorotic pattern in the form of rings, lines, and spots on leaves. The harmfulness of the viruses on strawberries is shown in decreased yield to 42%, decreased peduncles, ovaries and fruit weight, and the changed chemical composition. The research was carried out on farms of different types of ownership in the Moscow, Yaroslavl, and Tver Regions. The species composition of the viruses on strawberry varieties and hybrids, and the Ditylenchus dipsaci prevalence were studied. In 18% of the studied private subsidiary farms, the infection with the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci was detected. The infection degree ranged from 9 to 28% of the plants on the site. The infected bush yield fell by 40%. The overall virus prevalence was 53.6%. The variation was from 5 to 24% in individual viruses. The cucumber mosaic virus infection was found in 18% of the samples.
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