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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Money – Massachusetts – 19th Century"
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Engl, Rob. "Where there's muck there's money." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports, no. 67 (2017): 1–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2017.67.1-68.
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In 2012 excavation works undertaken along the western frontage of Advocate's Close, Edinburgh (NGR: NT 25700 73671) revealed the remains of a 16th-century tenement, owned in turn by the Cants, Hamiltons and Raes, all burgesses or merchants of the city. The tenement remains consisted of wall foundations, cellar floor surfaces and other substantial architectural features including a turnpike stair and corbelled roof. The tenement was demolished and back-filled with rubble during the late 19th century, after which it was replaced by a formal, terraced garden. The excavations within this area revealed a series of associated midden deposits, pits and structural features located to the immediate rear of the tenement. These deposits have provided a stratified sequence of occupation ranging from the initial settlement of Edinburgh's Old Town in the 12th/13th century to the clearing and landscaping of the tenement area in the late 19th century. A large artefactual assemblage was recovered from the midden deposits, including important animal and fish bone, glass, clay pipe, tile and ceramic evidence. The ceramic assemblage included substantial amounts of imported material from England and the Continent. The consumption patterns revealed by the artefactual and ecofactual evidence appear to directly reflect the changing fortunes of post-medieval Edinburgh. The high status of many of the Close's inhabitants is illustrated throughout the expansion of the 16th and 17th centuries, as is the decline undergone during the later 17th and early 18th centuries. The stratified midden deposits at Advocate's Close reveal the changing attitudes of the Old Town inhabitants towards the issue of midden management and general waste disposal, which in turn reflects the development and growth taking place in Edinburgh during the late 16th to 19th centuries.
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Simha, S. L. N. "Dr. Brahmananda on “Money Income Prices in 19th Century India”." Indian Economic Journal 49, no. 3 (2002): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220020311.
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Rutterford, Janette, and Josephine Maltby. "FRANK MUST MARRY MONEY: MEN, WOMEN, AND PROPERTY IN TROLLOPE'S NOVELS." Accounting Historians Journal 33, no. 2 (2006): 169–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.33.2.169.
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There is a continuing debate about the extent to which women in the 19th century were involved in economic life. The paper uses a reading of a number of novels by the English author Anthony Trollope to explore the impact of primogeniture, entail, and the marriage settlement on the relationship between men and women and the extent to which women were involved in the ownership, transmission, and management of property in England in the mid-19th century.
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Vasudevan, Ramaa. "Shadow Money in the 19th Century: Is Marx Relevant for Understanding Contemporary Shadow Money?" Review of Political Economy 30, no. 3 (2018): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2018.1478509.
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Gilbert, Emily. "‘Ornamenting the Facade of Hell’: Iconographies of 19th-Century Canadian Paper Money." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 16, no. 1 (1998): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d160057.
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In this paper I explore the iconographies on 19th-century Canadian paper money. Drawing upon the recent debates regarding the intersection of culture, society, and economy, it is argued that the form of paper money conveys not only economic but social and cultural values. The paper is divided into three parts. The first section situates Canadian paper currency in terms of the consolidation of paper monies more generally in the 18th and 19th centuries, but with particular reference to Britain and the United States. I then turn to a more specific analysis of the design and production of paper money, illustrating how monetary images were transferred among artistic media. A third section focuses on some of the spatial aspects of paper money by exploring national and imperial monetary narratives which are in turn related to specific monetary practices. In a brief conclusion the importance of an historical analysis to our contemporary understanding of paper and other kinds of monies is outlined and points to our complicity in economic, social, and cultural networks.
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Boiko-Haharin, A. "THE MONEY COUNTERFEITERS IN KYIV REGION IN THE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 145 (2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.145.2.
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The article deals with the processes of counterfeiting and the attempts to sell the forgery coins and banknotes during the 19th – early 20th centuries in the Kyiv region, which were analyzed basing on files of historical archival funds and materials of the press of that time. The peculiarities of counterfeiters activity in the specified region were determined, the main centers and areas of counterfeiters manufacturing were established, as well as the places and conditions of their sale. Most of the sources cited in this article are published for the first time. There were also periods of increase in counterfeiters activity in Kyiv and in the provinces. In addition to the data over the circulating money counterfeits (coins, assignations and credit notes), we also provide the data on the revealed facts of counterfeiting of treasury bills, tax stamps and money surrogates. The conclusions obtained in the article allow us to imagine the extent of the problem of counterfeiting money in the Kyiv region and to make the topography of the main areas of counterfeiting detection. The research is highly relevant and has high scientific significance not only for the history of money circulation and numismatics, but also for the history of criminalistics and jurisprudence.
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Dubyansky, A. "Parallel Money in the Russian Economic Literature of the XIX—XX centuries." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2013): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-7-111-123.
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The paper shows the role played by the concept of parallel money in understanding the evolution of the monetary circulation in Russia in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. As evidenced by historical investigations, the experience of parallel money circulation is both theoretically relevant and useful for the contemporary monetary practice.
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Jaukovic, Gordana, and Nevenka Knezevic-Lukic. "Methods for identifying counterfeit money in the territory of the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia in the 19th century." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 171 (2019): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1971341j.
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Counterfeiting is one of the oldest and most persistent criminal offences. Scientific and technological development has enabled the emergence of a more modern money manufacturing technology and improvement of money protection systems, though at the same time it broadened the possibilities for criminal offences, notably the production of counterfeits. In the mid-1860s, the money in circulation in the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia was of foreign origin, comprising 43 types of different metal coins and one type of paper money. Gold and silver money of European origin was deemed by the people to be better and ?purer? than Turkish money. In an effort to establish control over the technological process of manufacturing the national currency and at the same time prevent the counterfeiting of money of different types and origin, the Principality of Serbia appointed chemists Mihajlo Raskovic and later Sima Lozanic, as ?examiners of ores and false money?. Almost all counterfeit currencies appeared immediately in circulation in the territory of the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia. This paper presents the methods used in the process of identifying false/suspect money, methods used to determine the nominal value of money, the importance of introduction of those scientific methods in the criminal and legal sphere of the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia, which can be considered the beginning of the forensic chemistry in Serbia.
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Graves, Gary R. "Late 19th Century Abundance Trends of the Eskimo Curlew on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts." Waterbirds 33, no. 2 (2010): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.033.0212.
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Sholihin, Muhammad. "A SET ASPECT OF PAPER MONEY: A Reading on Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi's Thought." Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies 5, no. 1 (2021): 107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ijiis.vol.5.iss1.art5.
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This article aims to identify Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi's initial concept of Paper Money, which in the early 19th century wrote Raf'ul Iltibas. Through a qualitative approach, with critical extraction analysis, several things can be revealed related to the thoughts of Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi about paper money. From a careful reading of Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi, several significant findings can be formulated: First, in his work, Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi applies two methods lead to his critical thinking about Paper money, namely the comparative law method and Qiyas. Second, Sheikh Ahmad Khatib believes that paper money has similarities with dinars and dirhams in several aspects, namely the function of its nominal value. It is just that the existence of these values is different. The value of paper money is politico-economic. Meanwhile, the nominal value of dirhams and dinars is intrinsic and natural. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabau's work related to Paper Money is written heavily from the perspective of fiqh. Briefly, it is challenging to describe economic assumptions from work. As a result, articles are also thicker with fiqh analysis. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi's view regarding Paper Money becomes the foundation for the theory of the value of money in Islam. However, it is rarely disclosed, so that this paper can serve as the foundation of the value for money offered by scholars from Indonesia in the early 19th century. Strengthening the idea that money is not suitable as a commodity must be positioned as capital to be productive and finally becomes why trade is compelling and becomes the most practical reason for removing Zakat from it. There are not many, not even articles that attempt to reveal the concept of classical ulama from Indonesia relating to Paper Money. This article manages to identify that, and at the same time, becomes a novelty.
Thèses sur le sujet "Money – Massachusetts – 19th Century"
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Hoeffler, Michelle Leah. "The moment of William Ralph Emerson's Art Club in Boston's art culture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67166.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-225).<br>This thesis will analyze the architect William Ralph Emerson's (1833-1917) Boston Art Club building (1881-82) and its station within Boston and New York's art culture. Even though there has been considerable research on the Gilded Age in general and certain art clubs specifically, this club remains a neglected element in art's social history. During the rising development of art culture, a small group of artists founded the Boston Art Club (1854-1950) as a vehicle for production, education and promotion of the arts. To assert their club's presence within patrons' circles, the members commissioned a flagship clubhouse adjacent to Art Square (now known as Copley Square). Emerson, primarily a residential architect and the first Shingle Style architect, won the competition with a unique amalgamation of Queen Anne and Richardson Romanesque styles, an alliance with the nearby Museum of Fine Arts and the Ruskin and the English Pre-Raphaelites. The resultant clubhouse was a declaration of the club's presence amid America's established art culture. Through this building design the Club asserted its status for the thirty years that the arts prevailed on Boston's Art Square. The Art Club's reign, along with the building's prominence, ended when the Museum deemed their building's architectural style out of date, among other reasons. That faithful decision to abandon Art Square and the revival Ruskinian Gothic style would take with it the reverence for the Art Club's building and, eventually, the club itself. Within forty years and through several other struggles the Art Club closed its doors, ending a chapter that began with the need for art in Boston, thrived within the culture of the Gilded Age and sank from the changing trends in architecture.<br>by Michelle Leah Hoeffler.<br>S.M.
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Hirota, Hidetaka. "Nativism, Citizenship, and the Deportation of Paupers in Massachusetts, 1837-1883." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3768.
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Thesis advisor: Kevin Kenny<br>This dissertation examines the origins of American immigration policy. Without denying the importance of anti-Asian racism, it locates the roots of federal immigration policy in nativism and economics in nineteenth-century Massachusetts. The influx of poor Irish immigrants over the first half of the nineteenth century provoked anti-Irish nativism, or intense hostility toward foreigners, in Massachusetts. Building upon colonial laws for banishing paupers, nativists in Massachusetts developed policies for prohibiting the entry of destitute alien passengers by ship and railroad and for deporting immigrant paupers in the state to Ireland, Liverpool, British North America, or other American states where they resided before coming to Massachusetts. Prior to the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, citizenship and its attendant rights remained inchoate, allowing anti-Irish nativism to override certain rights and liberties that were later taken for granted. Nativist officials seized and banished paupers of Irish descent, including some who were born or naturalized in America. Historians have long seen anti-Irish nativism as a set of prejudiced ideas that generated few consequences at the level of law and policy, and have identified late-nineteenth-century federal Chinese exclusion laws as the beginnings of American immigration control. This dissertation argues that anti-Irish nativism in Massachusetts had a significant practical impact on Irish immigrants in the form of state deportation policies, and demonstrates that Massachusetts' policies, which were driven by a poisonous combination of prejudice against the Irish and economic concerns, helped lay the foundations for later federal restriction policies that applied to all immigrants. The argument unfolds in a transnational context, examining the migration of paupers from Ireland, their expulsion from America, and their post-deportation experiences in Britain and Ireland. In this way, deportation from the United States can be seen as part of a wider system of pauper restriction and forcible removal operating in the Atlantic world<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: History
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Coughlan, Katelyn M. "Disturbed but not destroyed| New perspectives on urban archaeology and class in 19th century Lowell, Massachusetts." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1566534.
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<p> Through the artifacts from the Jackson Appleton Middlesex Urban Revitalization and Devolvement Project (hereafter JAM) located in Lowell, MA, this research explores social class in nineteenth-century boardinghouses. This thesis is a two-part study. First, through statistical analysis, research recovers interpretable data from urban archaeological contexts subject to disturbance. Pinpointing intra-site similarities between artifacts recovered from intact and disturbed contexts, data show that artifacts recovered from disturbed and intact contexts in urban environments are not as dissimilar as previously believed. In the second phase using both intact and disturbed JAM contexts, the analysis of four boardinghouse features highlights two distinct patterns of ceramic assemblages suggesting 1) that the JAM site includes artifacts associated with Lowell's early boardinghouse period (1820-1860) in contrast to other late nineteenth century collections from Lowell like the Boott Mills and 2) that material goods amongst upper class mangers versus working class operative were more similar at Lowell's outset. Synthesizing this data with previous archaeology in Lowell, this research shows that over the course of the nineteenth century changes in the practice of corporate paternalism can be seen in the ceramic record. Furthermore, the data suggest that participation in the planned industrial project was a binding element of community interactions, blurring the lines of social class for Lowell's inhabitants in the early years of the Lowell experiment.</p>
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Nosal, Janice A. ""Improvement the order of the age"| Historic advertising, consumer choice, and identity in 19th century Roxbury, Massachusetts." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10160223.
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<p> During the mid-to-late 19th century, Roxbury, Massachusetts experienced a dramatic change from a rural farming area to a vibrant, working-class, and predominantly-immigrant urban community. This new demographic bloomed during America’s industrial age, a time in which hundreds of new mass-produced goods flooded consumer markets. This thesis explores the relationship between working-class consumption patterns and historic advertising in 19th-century Roxbury, Massachusetts. It assesses the significance of advertising within households and the community by comparing advertisements from the <i> Roxbury Gazette</i> and <i>South End Advertiser</i> with archaeological material from the Tremont Street and Elmwood Court Housing sites, excavated in the late 1970s, to determine the degree of correlation between the two sources. Separately, the archaeological and advertising materials highlight different facets of daily life for the residents of this neighborhood. When combined, however, these two distinct data sets provide a more holistic snapshot of household life and consumer choice. Specifically, I examine the relationship between advertisers and consumers and how tangible goods served as a medium of communication for values, social expectations, and individual and group identities. </p><p> Ultimately, this study found that there is little direct overlap between the material record from the Southwest Corridor excavations and the historic <i> Roxbury Gazette</i> advertisements. The most prevalent types of advertisements from an 1861-1898 <i>Roxbury Gazette</i> sample largely did not overlap with the highest artifact type concentrations from the Southwest Corridor excavations. This disconnect may be the result of internal factors, including lack of purchases or extended use lives for certain objects. External factors for disconnect include archaeological deposition patterns, as well as the ways in which the archaeological and advertising data is categorized for analysis. Most importantly, this study emphasizes that the lives of Tremont Street and Elmwood Court’s residents cannot be neatly summed up by the materials they discarded. Only through the consideration of material culture, documentary resources, and other historic information can we begin to understand the experiences these individuals endured.</p>
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Dow, Samantha. "Measuring 20th century fluvial response to 18-19th century anthropogenic activity using two generations of damming in the South River, western Massachusetts." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107924.
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Thesis advisor: Noah P. Snyder<br>Centuries-long intensive land use change in the northeastern U.S. provides the opportunity to study the response timescale of geomorphic processes to anthropogenic perturbations. In this region, deforestation and the construction of dams following European settlement drastically altered the landscape, leading to the impoundment of sediment in mill ponds. This legacy sediment continues to be released into transport decades after a dam has been removed or breached. Geochemical tracers can help distinguish sediment sources and understand how sediment moves through a watershed. The South River in western MA is located in a formerly glaciated watershed, and these surficial deposits compose 98% of the area. It experienced two generations of damming, beginning with smaller mill dams in the 18th-19th centuries, followed by the construction of the Conway Electric Dam (CED), a 17 m tall hydroelectric dam in the early 20th century. Legacy sediment deposits from sediment stored behind mill dams cover 1.5% of the watershed area. The CED is located near the outlet of the river, providing a century-long depositional record for the watershed, during reforestation. I hypothesize that sediment mobilized from human activity will contain a different geochemical signature than glacial material, that recent erosion in the watershed is primarily from anthropogenic legacy deposits rather than from glacial age landforms, and channel widening is occurring in reaches of the channel composed of legacy sediment, rather than in glacially confined reaches. These hypotheses were tested through a two part investigation, consisting of a sediment tracing study using Hg, and a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis of channel changes using aerial photographs from 1940 and 2014. Samples were collected from river bank exposures of 11 glacial deposits and four mill pond legacy sites. Two vibracores measuring 476 and 500 cm were collected in reservoir sediment stored behind the CED in 2013 and 2017, respectively. Hg concentrations range from 1-4 ppb in glacial sediment, 3-380 ppb in legacy sediment, and 2-18 ppb and 7-50 ppb in the two CED cores. I used Hg as a tracer to estimate percent contributions to the CED reservoir from each watershed source during the 20th century. Results from a sediment mixing model suggest glacial sources contributed 32 ± 15%, and legacy sediment deposits contributed 68 ± 15% during the 20th century. Based on 137Cs dates on the cores, high amounts of legacy sediment filled in behind the CED prior to 1953 (74 ± 35 %), and background erosion from glacial deposits dominated from 1953 until the reservoir was filled in the 1980s (63 ± 14%). GIS analyses using aerial photographs from 1940 and 2014 indicate that the channel did not significantly widen along any section of the river, however, increases in sinuosity (up to 12%) occurred in the legacy sediment dominated reaches of the channel, and minor increases (1-2%) occurred in the glacial reaches. Overall, these analyses show an increase in the amount of sediment released in the channel as a result of mill dams breaching through the mid-19th to early 20th centuries, and suggest a short recovery timescale response from this land-use change<br>Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2018<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences
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Ungaro, Stefano. "The relationships between money and financial markets in France. 1880-1914." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH048/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur la relation entre les marchés monétaire et financier en France sur la période 1880-1914. On y étudie notamment le marché des prêts à court terme. La thèse étudie en détail deux segmentes de ce marché : les avances sur titres (prêts à court terme garantis), et le marché des reports (« sale and repurchase agreements) . Les intermédiaires clé sont la Banque de France, quatre grandes banques de dépôt, les banques régionales, et les deux acteurs du marché boursier : la Compagnie des agents de change et la Coulisse. La thèse est structurée en trois chapitres. Le premier porte sur l’introduction d’une chambre de compensation dans le marché des reports en France, et étudie les conséquences de cette introduction sur le risque de contrepartie. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur la politique monétaire de la Banque de France entre 1890 et 1913 et le rôle du secteur bancaire sur la transmission de la politique monétaire même. Le troisième et dernier chapitre porte sur la crise financière de 1914 en France<br>This thesis deals with the relationship between the money market and the financial market from 1880 to 1914. It focuses in particular on the market for short-term loans. This dissertation studies in detail two segments of this market: the advances on securities (collateralized short-term loans), and the repo market (repurchase agreements). The key financial intermediaries are the Banque de France, four main commercial banks, regional banks, the « coulisse » operating over-the-counter and the « Compagnie des agents de changes ». The dissertation is structured in three chapters. The first deals with the introduction of a clearing house in the French historical repo market, and studies its consequences on counterparty risk. The second chapter deals with Bank of France monetary policy between 1890 and 1913 and the role of the banking sector in the transmission of policy shocks. The third chapter deals with the Great Financial Crisis of 1914
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Murphy, John B. ""Daughters of freemen still" : female textile operatives and the changing face of Lowell, 1820-1850 /." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040515/.
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Miller, David Michael 1951. "The Beginnings of Music in the Boston Public Schools: Decisions of the Boston School Committee in 1837 and 1845 in Light of Religious and Moral Concerns of the Time." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331189/.
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The research problems of this dissertation were: 1) A description of the perceived value of music in light of political undercurrents in Boston prior to and during the years under investigation, and 2) the profile of the constituency of the Boston School Committee and Committee on Music in 1837 and 1845. Questions addressed the effect of religious and moral concerns of the day on the decision by the School Committee in 1837 to try music in the curriculum, and the possible effect of religious politics on Lowell Mason's dismissal from the schools in 1845. In the minds of mid-nineteenth century Bostonians, religious and moral values were intrinsic to the very nature of music. Key members on the School Committee portrayed music as being spiritual yet nonsectarian in its influence. Therefore, the findings suggest that music was believed to provide common ground between opposing and diverse religious sects. Reasons given for Mason's dismissal by John Sargent, a member of the Committee on Music, showed parallels to H. W. Day's accusations in the press a year earlier that Mason had managed his position in a sectarian manner. Sargent's background supports the theory that religious politics were at work in Mason's dismissal. Although members of the School Committee of 1845 were religious, only isolated cases support the proposition that any of them would have opposed Mason strictly on the basis of religious issues. Evidence suggests that their passivity to the action by the Committee on Music was probably due to concurrent public criticism of attempts at school reform within the Committee. While under such scrutiny, Committee members' inaction regarding Mason's dismissal may have reflected a desire not to jeopardize their own positions as a political body.
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Cordeiro, Sara Regina Ramos. "O significado do dinheiro em Balzac." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279990.
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Orientador: Elide Rugai Bastos<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Com a emergência da sociedade burguesa de mercado no século XIX o dinheiro passou a desempenhar um papel fundamental na nova configuração, uma vez que a manutenção e expansão de tal sociedade pressupõem a regularidade nas trocas e, conseqüentemente, uma economia monetária desenvolvida a ponto de assegurar essa regularidade. Alguns romancistas, em particular os realistas franceses, demonstraram em seus romances a emergência dessa sociedade motivada pelo lucro, tendo o dinheiro como elemento central de suas narrativas. A Comédia Humana de Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850) é considerada o maior registro literário da sociedade francesa desse período e muitas de suas tramas são atravessadas por relações mediadas pelo dinheiro. Mais tarde, sociólogos como Karl Marx (1818-1883), Georg Simmel (1858-1918) e Max Weber (1864-1920) desenvolveram suas análises numa perspectiva crítica à sociedade de mercado, destacando o dinheiro como elemento racionalizador das relações e desagregador dos laços tradicionais. Nesse sentido, este trabalho pretende mobilizar as categorias analíticas da sociologia clássica para analisar parte da obra de Balzac a fim de verificar como o romancista via a relação que os indivíduos de sua época estabeleciam com o dinheiro e quais os principais impactos dessa relação na moderna sociedade<br>Abstract: The raising of a bourgeois market society in the nineteenth century resulted in the great importance that money started to play in the new social arrangement, since the maintenance and expansion of that society predicted the regularity in exchanges and, as a consequence, a monetary economy developed to the point that insured this regularity. Some novelists, particularly French realists ones, showed in their novels the emergence of this market society motivated by profits, having money as the central element of their stories. The Human Comedy, by Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850) is considered the biggest literary register of the French society of that period and many of its plots are crossed by relations mediated by money. Afterwards, sociologists like Karl Marx (1818-1883), Georg Simmel (1858-1918) and Max Weber (1864-1920) developed their studies in a critical perspective from the market society, contrasting money as the rational element of relations and disintegrator of traditional ties. Therefore, this paper aims to mobilize the analytical categories of classical sociology in order to analyze part of Balzac?s work with the intention of examine how the novelist used to see the relationship that individuals of his time established with money and what was the main effects of this relationship in that new society<br>Doutorado<br>Sociologia<br>Doutor em Sociologia
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Kharrouby, Amina. "La création dramatique sous le Second Empire : questions d'argent." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2141.
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Sous Napoléon III, les pièces théâtrales représentant la thématique de l’argent et de la finance remplissent les répertoires parisiens (comédies, vaudevilles, drames, opérettes, mélodrames ou parodies). Plusieurs dramaturges tels que Ponsard, Dumas fils, Augier, Labiche, Clairville, Lubize ou Sardou portent sur scène la question du gain et de l’affairisme en s’intéressant à toutes ses composantes matérielles, juridiques, morales ou sociales : héritage, mariage d’intérêt, dot, mésalliance, affaires spéculatives, jeux d’argent, cupidité et avarice, exploitation et misère. Comment justifier une telle profusion dramatique ? La situation socio-économique (essor industriel, création et développement du système ferroviaire et bancaire) ainsi que les décisions politiques prises dans le domaine culturel (décret du 6 janvier 1864 sur la libéralisation des théâtres) ont-elles une influence sur la production théâtrale à cette période ? L’obsession de l’argent dans les pièces de théâtre s’expliquerait-elle par l’importance des enjeux économiques de la scène ? Notre étude cherchera à apporter un éclairage sur l’argent du théâtre (dans l’institution théâtrale et dans la vie des spectacles à travers l’étude du rapport de l’acteur, de l’auteur et du directeur à cette question) et sur l’argent au théâtre (traitement thématique, dramatique, linguistique et scénique de cette problématique). De nouveaux prismes, comme celui de la censure impériale, seront également sollicités afin de saisir d’autres dimensions de cette question et de voir s’il existe une sévérité censoriale particulière à l’égard de cette thématique de l'argent<br>Under the reign of Napoleon III, theatrical plays representing the theme of money and finance fill the parisian repertoires thanks to numerous comedies, vaudevilles, dramas, operettas, melodramas and parodies. Several playwrights such as Ponsard, Dumas fils, Augier, Labiche, Clairville, Lubize or Sardou take on stage the question of gain and business by taking an interest in all its material, legal, moral or social components : inheritance, marriage of interest, dowry, misalliance, speculative affairs, gambling, greed, exploitation and misery How to justify such a dramatic profusion ? The socio-economic situation (industrial development, creation and development of the rail and banking system), as well as the political decisions taken in the cultural field (decree of January 6, 1864 on the liberalization of theaters) did they influence theatrical production at this period ?Our study will seek to shed light on the money of the theater (in the theatrical institution as well as in the life of the shows through the study of the report of the actor, the author and the director to this question) and on money in the theater (thematic, dramatic, linguistic and scenic treatment of this problem). Could the obsession with money in plays be explained by the importance of the economic of the stage ? New prisms - imperial censorship for example - will also be sought in order to grasp other dimensions of this issue and to question the existence of political opposition to these representations
Livres sur le sujet "Money – Massachusetts – 19th Century"
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Funding the nation: Money and nationalism in 19th century Ireland. Gill & Macmillan, 2011.
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Clifford, Mishler, ed. Michigan obsolete bank & scrip notes of the 19th century: National bank notes 1863-1935. Krause Publications, 2006.
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author, Bull Martha 1986, ed. Something in the ether: A bicentennial history of Massachusetts General Hospital, 1811-2011. Memoirs Unlimited, 2011.
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Rowlinson, Matthew Charles. Real money and romanticism. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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Merchants, bankers, middlemen: The Amsterdam money market during the first half of the 19th century. NEHA, 1996.
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Family money: Property, race, and literature in the nineteenth century. Oxford University Press, 2012.
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God willed it: Stories of the 19th century missionaries from the First Religious Society of Holden, Massachusetts. Penobscot Press, 1996.
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Michie, R. C. Guilty money: The city of London in Victorian and Edwardian culture, 1815-1914. Pickering & Chatto, 2009.
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Santos, Joseph. The origins of the seasonal cycle in 19th century US money markets and the evolution of futures contracts. Economics Dept., South Dakota State University, 1998.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Money – Massachusetts – 19th Century"
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"2. Patterns of Childbearing in Late Nineteenth-Century America: The Determinants of Marital Fertility in Five Massachusetts Towns in 1880." In Family and Population in 19th Century America. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400869398-005.
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Getzen, Thomas E. "Hammurabi to Middlemarch, 1750 bce to 1850 ce." In Money and Medicine. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197573266.003.0002.
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Abstract The history of medicine shows how social norms, professional ethics, licensure, price regulations, hospitals, and charitable service developed over thousands of years. People needed care and were willing to pay for it even before cures were effective. Trust and financial rewards were based on personal relationships. Spending was small but persistent, with fees calibrated by individuals’ ability to pay and supplemented by donations and public taxation. Governments and wealthy patrons shared some responsibility for public health and for care of the poor, while kings provided care for soldiers and sailors in order to retain military might and political power. However, responsibility for medical treatment remained primarily an individual and family responsibility until the late 19th century.
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Blevins, Cameron. "Money Orders and National Integration, 1864–95." In Paper Trails. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190053673.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 traces the expansion of the postal money order system between the 1860s and 1890s, a service that allowed people to send small sums of money safely and cheaply through the mail. This chapter offers another counterpoint to assumptions about the inevitable tides of bureaucratization and national integration in the 19th-century West. First, unlike much of the US Post, the money order system was a centralized bureaucracy, managed by a career technocrat named Charles Macdonald. But Macdonald’s efficient management was predicated on limiting its spatial coverage to a relatively small number of western post offices. Second, money orders allowed westerners to conduct long-distance transactions that helped integrate them into a national consumer market. Mapping where the residents of one western town actually sent money orders during the 1890s reveals the unexpected pattern that despite an age of nationalizing forces, their remittances stayed largely within a regional orbit.
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Günther, Hans. "Save or Spend? Western and Eastern Economic Discourses in Russian Fiction of the 19th Century." In At the Crossroads of the East and the West: The Problem of Borderzone in Russian and Central European Cultures. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/4465-3095-3.01.
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According to Max Weber, protestant ethics with its active secular asceticism had a decisive impact on the development of capitalist economics whereas the contemplative Orthodox tradition did not favor the idea of active domination of the world. The economic discourse of the Russian nineteenth century literature reflects the widely spread discussion about the future of Russia, which, compared to advanced Western capitalism, was in the position of periphery. On the one hand, authors are aware of the fact that the adoption of certain Western economic concepts is inevitable in Russia, yet on the otherhand they fear the loss of cultural identity. Gogol and Goncharov, the authors of such famous works as The Dead Souls or Oblomov, are inclined to approve certain elements of capitalist economy – they will be treated under the catchword «economize» –, whereas the idea of anti-economic «spending» of money is characteristic of Dostoevsky´s novels such as The Gambler or The Adolescent. A special position may be ascribed to Tolstoy’s economic «minimalism» which has its roots in peasant ideas of natural economy and Western authors like Proudhon or Rousseau.
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Mikhailova, Maria V., and Anastasia V. Nazarova. "Mass Media Workers in Russian Literature of the Early 20th Century." In Russian Literature and Journalism in the Pre-revolutionary Era: Forms of Interaction and Methodology of Analysis. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0661-1-298-314.
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The study analyzes the images of journalists in the works of Russian writers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the realities of their professional life and the place they occupied in pre-revolutionary society also. Although members of the press most often act as secondary characters in the prose and drama of M. Gorky, A.I. Kuprin, E.N. Chirikov and other authors, their actions have a significant impact on the development of the plot and the fate of the central characters. The “power” of the press over public consciousness is often evaluated negatively, but the journalist’s figure can be described in tragic tones in terms of how it is perceived by these writers. The journalist is shown as a person who bears all the hardships of forced labor, depends on money and bears the cost of a bohemian lifestyle.
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Fulcher, James. "1. What is capitalism?" In Capitalism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198726074.003.0001.
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‘What is capitalism?’ examines the different forms that capitalism has taken, from the merchant capitalism of the 17th-century, through capitalist production in the 19th<sup>,</sup> to the financial capitalism of the present day. As the investment of money to make more money, capitalism has long existed but it was when production was financed in this way that a transformative capitalism came into being. Capitalist production depends on the exploitation of wage labour, which also crucially fuels the consumption of the goods and services produced by capitalist enterprises. Production and consumption are linked by the markets that come to mediate all economic activities in a capitalist society.
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Krylov, Vyacheslav N. "Leo Tolstoy and the Literary Life in the Early 20th Century in the Mirror of the Press." In Russian Literature and Journalism in the Pre-revolutionary Era: Forms of Interaction and Methodology of Analysis. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0661-1-315-330.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study analyzes the images of journalists in the works of Russian writers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the realities of their professional life and the place they occupied in pre-revolutionary society also. Although members of the press most often act as secondary characters in the prose and drama of M. Gorky, A.I. Kuprin, E.N. Chirikov and other authors, their actions have a significant impact on the development of the plot and the fate of the central characters. The “power” of the press over public consciousness is often evaluated negatively, but the journalist’s figure can be described in tragic tones in terms of how it is perceived by these writers. The journalist is shown as a person who bears all the hardships of forced labor, depends on money and bears the cost of a bohemian lifestyle.
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Podosokorsky, Nikolay N. "The Legend of Rothschild as the “Napoleon of Finance” in Dostoevsky’s Works." In Dostoevsky’s Novel The Adolescent: Current State of Research. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0677-2-257-274.
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The paper analyses the legend of the mighty financial dynasty of Rothschilds who exerted great influence on business life, politics, and culture in 19th-century Europe. Dostoevsky considered the motif of the power of money and Mammon’s greatness as one of the severest problems of his time, “a cruel time, a time of business and money, a calculating time, full of tables, numbers, and zeros of all kinds and types”. From his earliest works, Dostoevsky relates the Napoleonic idea with the idea of monetary enrichment (“Mr. Prokharchin”, “Uncle’s dream”, Crime and Punishment, and others). However, in his early works, the names of Rothschild and Napoleon evolved in parallel, and finally merged only in his novels The Idiot and The Adolescent.
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Cronin, Mike. "3. Amateurs and professionals." In Sport: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199688340.003.0004.
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The vast majority of people who play sport are amateurs who take part for a variety of reasons relating to their social lives, health, and for the pure pleasure of it. ‘Amateurs and professionals’ describes the difference between amateurism and professionalism in sport that emerged in the 19th century. The amateur was someone who stood for a clearly outlined set of values and money was seen as a corrupting force. Sports such as horse racing, cricket, golf, and boxing, which had organized themselves in the 18th century, became professionalized and commercialized rapidly. Others fought professionalism for much longer—rugby union only abandoned its amateur-only rule in 1995.
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Halász, Imre. "The Network of Financial Institutions and Capital Accumulation in Vas County in the Second Half of the 19th Century." In Economic and Social Changes: Historical Facts, Analyses and Interpretations. Working Group of Economic and Social History, Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/seshst-01-07.
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The way financial institutions emerged in Hungary was just the inverse of the one followed in Western Europe. In Western Europe capital intensive banks developed first and savings banks rendering services to people with more modest financial means appeared later. In the second half of the 19th century a new bank type (Credit mobilier) was created, which combined the commercial and development banking activities. In Hungary the first financial institution got established in 1842 as a company limited by shares, and the banks founded subsequent to 1867 fashioned their business policies in this vein. In Vas county, situated in West-Transdanubia, and in its county- seat, Szombathely, capital accumulation strengthened by leaps and bounds after a difficult start and the emergence of financial institutions was largely supported by the enactment of the Commercial Code in 1875. In the first business year following the crisis of 1873 already 16 banks and savings banks operated in Vas county, with the number of financial institutions reaching 27 by the turn of the century. Between 1874 and 1899 their number increased to almost two and a half times this figure, and in settlements with populations between one thousand and three thousand people two, in larger settlements three, and in the county seat five new financial institutions had been founded by the turn of the century. The increase in the initial capital saw a nearly eleven times increase, the balance sheet total expanded 6.3 times and the total cash turnover of Vas county financial institutions amounted to 178,414,263 Austro-Hungarian Krones in 1899. Within the county’s territory microregional money markets evolved. No data have so far been found regarding the turnover undoubtedly realised between such microregions for the time being.