Thèses sur le sujet « Monde privé »
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Schwartz, Olivier. « Rapports familiaux et monde privé : enquête sur une cité ouvrière du Nord ». Paris, EPHE, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EPHE0043.
Texte intégralThis thesis is the result of a research in urban anthropology. The objective was to study the functioning of family relationships and of privacy in a workers' population in the north of france. The investigation relates to elements which form and cement the family (couple and kinship). It relates also to places, bonds, and goods which constitute the family universe. Our aim was to understand the way in which are shaped the territories of man and woman, how they complete, approach and confront each other. We wished to describe the mecanisms of family integration but also the lines of division. The ethnographic investigation was developped during a period of five years, in a working-class district, in the coal-basin in the north of france. It took the form of close relationships with about a hundred persons
Chrétien-Vernicos, Geneviève. « Nom et monde à Madagascar ». Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010263.
Texte intégralThis thesis intends to show how the Malagasy name reflects the malagasy way of thinking the world. The mutability of the names and the practice of tecknonymy are in accordance with the evolutionary conception of the human being. The different ways of using (or not using) names show the familial hierarchy in descent groups where the conjugal couple is lacking. The meaning of names the reasons for taking a new name reflect an oral culture where naming and acting are synonym. Today, the large variety in the form of the names and in the custums about the name, due to numerous influences, among them the tradition itself, are the reflexion of the multiplicity of the worlds in which the contemporary malagasy lives
Mautalent, Reboul Isabelle. « Le Droit privé jersiais, transformation et adaptation de son contenu originel au monde contemporain ». Caen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CAEN0036.
Texte intégralThe modern civil law of jersey whose polymorphic character is a striking feature, consists in a 'common law', i. E a body of judicial rules founded on an old customary law besides which an important volume of legislated law has developed. This state of the law of jersey is the fruit of a long history, both singular and perfectly original and yet closely linked to that of normandy. In 1204 by making the choice remaining obedient to the king of england whom they beheld as their duke, the people of jersey did not intend to deny their already rich norman identity and part with their judicial and customary habits. They received the text of the 'grand coutumier de normandie' written c. 1240 as an ultimate heritage from the continent, an heritage out of wich not only did they lay the foundations of the judicial and administrative autonoly wich jersey still enjoys but also the origin of their customary civl law. The channel islands have always been considered the repository of the judicial heritage of normandy and the aim of this thesis is to see how it still materialises in jersey nowadays. It tries to establish how. Trough an important jurisprudencial tradition wich itself serves indisputable pragmatism, the common law of normandy has managed to durable influence the modern civl law of jersey though the latter has progressively been forced to abandon all that characterised a law whose unique object was to secure the conservation and transmission of real estates. Underlining the specificity of the civil law of jersey means qustioning the way of implementing a difference that memory only will be able to save
Florimond, Guillaume. « Droit et internet : approche comparatiste et internationaliste du monde virtuel ». Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT4009.
Texte intégralLerouxel, François. « Le marché du crédit privé dans le monde romain d'après les documents de la pratique (Egypte et Campanie) ». Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0069.
Texte intégralThe thesis tries to understand how the credit market worked in Egypt and Campania, two regions of the Roman Empire that present the common feature of having yielded numerous documents of everyday life. The credit market is conceived here as a concrete historical object, organized by institutions, and not as an abstract, theoretical one. In Egypt, the main institutions organizing the credit market are the private banks and, most importantly, the system of drafting and recording of private contracts centered on the bibliothèkè enktèseôn. The implementation of this system around 69 AD dramatically improved the operation of the credit market. In Campania, the institutions organizing the market were professionnal money -lenders (feneratores), slaves and private banks
Trilha, Schappo Kellen. « Les angles morts d'un monde juridiquement hétérogène : essai sur l'exercice stratégique de la volonté en droit international privé contemporain ». Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0071/document.
Texte intégralIt is practically impossible to prevent individuals from choosing the legal framework that would best fit their expectations. Law regulates and limits individual will in contexts in which collective interests, as it understands them, should prevail; the international aspect of a situation relativizes, however, these limits, and offers multiple possibilities for individuals to develop a tailor-made framework for their own relationship. Private international law addresses the difficulties arising from the international aspects of a situation, but the complexity of some cases challenges the limits of the discipline’s mechanisms. Controlling the effects of individual choices becomes more difficult when not only the different content of rules from a country to another is explored, but individual strategy extends also to neighbouring regimes, in a normatively heterogeneous world. The strategic exercise of will consists in the manipulation of the regulatory framework by an individual aiming at excluding the application of a norm which does not satisfy their purpose. The submission of the situation to a chosen legal framework diverts it from the field of vision of the initial legal order, which will not see the situation again unless it is called to decide upon its effects. The new solution developed by the individual risks being not fully anticipated and regulated by the receiving legal order, or by any legal order that will have to decide on matters related to the main situation. Thus, in these conditions, the different interests at stake are not fully considered and balanced. As a space that escapes from an observer’s eyesight, some aspects of the situations are in a blind spot, phenomenon whose description and treatment are at the centre of this thesis
BOZOULS, LORRAINE. « Le privilège de l’entre-soi. Pratiques résidentielles et styles de vie des classes supérieures du privé ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/273245.
Texte intégralThis research studies the mechanisms of formation and reproduction of upper classes particularly endowed with economic capital living in the parisian suburbs. In support of a multi-method survey (interviews, observations, archives, statistics) I show how this under-studied fraction works to maintain a homogeneous neighborhood-wide community. I also analyze the withdrawal on one’s house, especially for housewives, as well as the distant relationship to the public sector (privatization of school and security issues).
Ganibenc, Dominique. « Les bâtiments du monde viti- vinicole en Languedoc-Roussillon des années 1860 à nos jours : étude d'une infrastructure privée et communautaire ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30060.
Texte intégralThis study concerns the different constructions used in the making of wine in Languedoc-Roussillon from the 1860s to the present day. It aims at studying their place and impact in ‘Languedocian’ landscape. Part of the research focuses on private buildings, whether residential or commercial. The analysis of cooperative winery buildings is more exhaustive and oriented towards wine cellars and distilleries. The implementation of a corpus of these private or community structures has been done in order to present the evolution and architectural typology. The study is centered mainly on the necessities of creating a wine cooperative network, forms and conditions of its development as well as the establishment of regulatory bodies.Distribution through the period was analyzed across an area with cooperatives of the Gironde as a point of comparison. The main contractor networks have also been identified, and their works listed and there has also been a focus on architectural vocabulary. Finally, a cluster analysis and the architecture of these buildings connected to the wine industry, both private and community, as well as their current engagement with a severe restructuring of the cooperative network, raises the question of their historical and symbolic value. It is time to assess how to ensure this rich viticultural heritage in the region's history is preserved and indeed enhanced
Ligneres, Ingrid. « Les valeurs de la culture paysanne dans le monde agricole contemporain : une enquête sociologique en Carcassonnais et en Roussillon ». Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0031/document.
Texte intégralThe Farmers socioprofessional group has gone through a significant socio-economical change since the Second World War. The starting point of this thesis – in the hinge of an hypothetical-deductive and empirical-inductive approach – is to wonder whether or not some more or less distinct traces of the peasant culture romain in the layout of the contemporary agricultural world values. Shall we declare the end of the peasant culture just like some researchers do about the end of the warking class ? The field survey is based on a qualitative approach of the data gathered via partially guided and free interviews as well as direct and participating observations along with sociological films. Their analysis was beforehand based on the drafting of a common, cultural referent created from the syncretism (merge) of the old and new values, allowing to build the cultural referend « farmo-peasant » and therefore confirming the theory of a syncretism of the values. The values within this cultural referent similar to the studied corpus have been characterized into three groups : the « distinctive and identity values », the « necessary values » and the « extraprofessional values ». The analysis of the data also highlighted a differentiated appropriation of the cultural referent « farmo-peasant » clarified thanks to its classification into three ideal models : peasant-cultivator, company manager-peasant and farmer-owner. Widely, this thesis examines the culture as a way of life for a group which at the same time falls in with the sociology of the ways of life, the work sociology and without forgetting the rural sociology
Minaud, Gérard. « Principes de comptabilité privée dans le monde antique romain ». Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0140.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this survey is the private accounting inRoman antiquity. To conceive its structure trying to mix both management and historian cares, investigations will first focus on the Roman numerical abilities, then on their accounting use, because any accounting needs an essential tool, numbers. To do it, comparisons will be occasionaly established between avalaible antique indications and accounting technics used in western countries since the XIVth century. In a first time, we can suggest the studying of the roman numbers personality (chap. 1), their treatment (chap. 2), an application from a mosaic (chap. 3) and the incidences in the latin vocabulary (chap. 4). In a second time, bringing these instruments into play will enable to put forward the general accounting principles (chap. 5) and the research of the roman characteristics (chap. 6) to be able to analyse their minds (chap. 7) and the consequences upon the romans' analysis of the micro-economic flows (chap. 8). At last, the analytic connections of the roman accounts (chap. 9) and the possibilities of the roman accounting system will be extricated (chap. 10)
Aliouat, Mustapha. « Le partenariat public privé comme mode de financement de l’ouvrage public ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3077.
Texte intégralThe term public, private partnership is not largely used by official consolidated texts. In other words, this notion is not much defined precisely and didacticly in the French positive pole. The apprehension of this notion matches with the analysis of the system of arranging legal financing of the public procurement, resulting from the position of public corporation as requisitioner of goods and services on the market. The common objective of all these arrangements aims to allow free pre-financing of private public works that are required and those that are permitted, to enable people to well benefit of private sector and allocate adequately (get expertise) all optimal risks between parties.However, this financial effectiveness is not systematic, so it’s necessary to emplement a judicial and moduled framework which implies the opportunity of follow up and monitoring for the balancing and stability all along the contractual processus and not only an escape (or violating) rules of public laws.All in all, the aim is to alleviate and overcome asymetric information for the benefit of public sector, but still reinforcing control of public execution via various organisms, mainly administrative, judicial and political. In the end, the study (investigations) conducted by the penal judge concerning the public buyers like the administrative judge about pre-contractual and contractural litigation, leads to complete stability and full security of contractual relations
Fischer-Leresche, Marion. « Entre normativité publique et normativité privée, quelle éthique des soins dans un monde libéral ? » Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5265.
Texte intégralVilleneuve, Dominic. « La nouvelle prédominance du mode partenariat public-privé dans la production de tramways au Canada ». Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26137.
Texte intégralTang, Jue. « La clause pénale : un mode de peine privée en droit chinois ». Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10017.
Texte intégralBruna, Yann. « Les nouvelles expériences au monde de l'individu géolocalisé ». Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1062/document.
Texte intégralBecause of their increasing and intensive use over the last few years, roughly similar to the smartphone penetration rate, Location-Based Services (LBS) have quickly and strongly become rooted in the everyday’s life of the hyperconnected user. We are questionning ourselves in this PhD research on the new experiences to the world brought by the use of such devices throughout a qualitative survey conducted among 62 LBS users. Our first results highlight that those LBS, like some other information and communication technologies, largely contribute in the reinvestment of space and places, while they are creating a relativization of metric distance over the temporal one and new ways to experience time defined by a continuous acceleration and a search for immediacy. But, as LBS are becoming more and more socializing, we also noticed and analyzed new grouping and dodging strategies, as well as new ways to watch over and possibly control people. This sometimes leads to new balances of power between the one who is tracking and the one who is being tracked, deeply linked to discussions over visibility, visuality and anonymity in a hybrid urban space where the share of location has become almost continuous
Baudry, Hugues. « APPROCHE DES CONDITIONS FONDAMENTALES DE L'HABITABILITE DES ESPACES. POUR UNE CONTRIBUTION A LA GEOGRAPHIE COMME SCIENCE DE L'HABITER ». Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171043.
Texte intégralRebout, Lionel. « Processus de visibilisation et mode d'apparaître en milieu carcéral ». Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100046.
Texte intégralHow to be recognized in jail when the convict is invisible, out of public space ? How to be recognized when the convict has lost his own way of appearing (Arendt) ? From Auschwitz with the Muslim to convicts today, the most important purpose of this thesis is to understand the apearing, the spelling as prerogative, human and complete prerogative. A deep condition to define the nature of human being however convict he is or not. It's an opportunity to confront various concepts of philosophy : heterotopias (Foucault) ; recognition (Honneth) ; body of exception ; life naked (Agamben) ; Panopticon (Bentham). The method of this work is based on dialog between ideas and my own experience as convict
Pronitcheva, Karina. « L'industrie de la parfumerie française et les musées : entre public et privé ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA018.
Texte intégralThis research in Museum studies focuses on exhibitions of French commercial perfumery in perfume and art museums throughout France. Starting with the history of exhibitions of commercial items in museums from the mid-19th century until luxury brands exhibitions at the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the 1980s, the study examines the birth and the development of different museum projects related to the French perfume industry (Château de Chamerolles, Esprit du Parfum in Chartres, Cour des Senteurs of Versailles, Collection Sylvie Guerlain-Traditions Verrières in the town of Eu) as well as the growth of luxury brands’ exhibitions in public museums (Chanel, Dior, Roger & Gallet). Public authorities’ policies, perfume brands’ strategies or motivations of public museums which host such exhibitions are analyzed one by one. The case of the International Museum of Perfumery (1989) in Grasse deserves a study in its own right: I consider the history of the museum, the museum’s section of the 20th century perfumery, the role of corporate sponsorship in enriching museum collections as well as the local competition from private perfume museums set up by Fragonard, Molinard or Galimard brands. The last chapter focuses on French department stores and their fashion exhibitions’ programs capable of competing with public museums’ attractions and leading to the progressive blurring of boundaries between a museum space and a commercial one
Cazala, Julien. « Le principe de précaution en droit international : étude d'un mode conventionnel de gestion de l'incertitude scientifique ». Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020013.
Texte intégralDivert, Nicolas. « De la couturière au grand couturier. Du lycée professionnel aux écoles de stylisme ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100080.
Texte intégralThis dissertation is based on the analytical patterns developed in sociology on labor and in sociology on education, in order to study the rise and evolution, and eventually the loss, of the fashion industry professions and its vocational schools. It is supported by a survey pursued through three educational institutions representing three different levels of education in the hierarchy of the school system : a private fashion designer school, a technical High school and a secondary school for vocational training. The methodology used associates long-term observations – 104 interviews with students, teachers and actors of the fashion world – as well as a commentary based on documents. The sociohistorical perspective adopted here allows us to observe the structure of a social world as well as the panel of professional trainings it offers. It rises through the 20th century allowing women to get access to a technical education ; it follows the evolutions of the activity that grows progressively from a blue-collar schooling to a higher level of education with an orientation towards creativity (Part 1). The analysis of the sociological structure of curriculum allows us to show the diversity of these institutions and to ask the question of the existence of a career path towards the fashion industry professions (Part 2). The Private schools, the most numerous in the field of fashion design, emphasize the trade to obtain these diplomas. The Professional insertion following these trainings challenges the relations between the school and the work spheres and shows the privileged place granted to young men in the world of fashion design and creation (Part 3)
Tine, Martin Pascal Famara. « La situation juridique de l'individu dans le contentieux international : analyse d'un mode de traitement du sujet interne par le droit international ». Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10070.
Texte intégralWhatever the point of view or dimension adopted, international disputes considered « classic » do not leave a dominant place to subjects of local law. The rule of exclusion of individual applications is categorically stated in Article 34 §.1 of the I.C.J. Statute: « Only states may be parties in cases before the Court ». This reality, in the past justified by a quasi-exclusive role of the State in international justice (a consequence of the principle of the unity of the State and a State-centered classical vision of international law) left a priori little space on the international scene to the subjects of local law. However, this exclusion of the individual from international disputes does not at all mean that conflicts settled by international courtrooms never concern them. On the contrary, in many cases individuals appear indirectly, either because the damage caused to them sets a pretext for the State, or because at other times the State is answerable for their harmful actions. This study is devoted primarily to the analysis of a case study of the treatment of internal subjects by international law. It attempts to rethink the place of the individual from the viewpoint of jus gentium, by remaining sensitive to and concerned with the needs for protection and empowerment of the human person
Kol-Raviv, Dana. « Le droit à la vie privée face au droit du public à être informé : les médias israéliens remplissent-ils leur mission pour tout ce qui touche à la couverture médiatique de la classe politique telle que le public israélien la conçoit ? : étude comparative du mode de couverture médiatique de la vie privée des représentants élus dans les pays du monde occidental ». Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA084007.
Texte intégralThe private life of elected officials is increasingly becoming part of their media coverage and impacts their careers. This research examines the coverage of their privacy in the Israeli media, the opinion of the public regarding this coverage, and tries to identify for the first time on a large scale the journalistic practice in Israel. This qualitative and quantitative study demonstrates that the media coverage remained limited, or even deceptive, despite an apparent change in the last decade, with more affairs published in a more intrusive way. Quantitative methods study publications and opinions, as well as the source of information. It appears that the Israeli media rarely take the initiative and revelations mainly come from the elected officials themselves. When asked about their media policy, leading journalists admit that coverage remains limited, constrating with the Western media. However, they are mostly opposed to complete transparency. The third point is Israeli opinion and its need for information on the private lives of elected officials. Comparing its expectations and the level of sastifaction regarding the coverage, we tried to find out if the coverage of politicians suits them
Hopkins, Jestlan. « Les identifiants uniques dans le monde physique : Les enjeux sociaux, techniques et politiques de l’identification par radiofréquence (RFID) dans les arènes citoyens et consommateurs ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020056.
Texte intégralRadio Frequency Identification, or RFID, is a technology that is transforming the way governments identify citizens, companies track products and monitor the behavior of consumers, and the way individuals carry out identification processes and commercial and social transactions. RFID tags come in a host of form factors : they can be as small as a grain of rice and as flat as a sheet of paper. When read by an RFID interrogator (or reader), the asset to which the tag is assigned can be identified. Unlike barcode systems, the communication process between RFID tags and readers do not require a direct line-of-sight; as a result, RFID tags can be embedded in clothing, signage, identification credentials, and virtually all consumer goods in existence. In this thesis, we speak of environments in which RFID technology will be ubiquitous, akin to the state of the printed barcode today. We argue that in this period of ubiquitous RFID (or uRFID), human monitoring in consumer and citizen arenas will flourish. If not properly integrated, several risks could affect both the end-user and the RFID operator. Herein, we propose a conceptual model consisting of four theoretical constructs that we believe could favorably influence end-users to accept uRFID environments. We refer to these constructs as PACT; that is, privacy, awareness, control and trust. We hold that if RFID operators, system designers, government and industry make a conscious, ethical, and active effort to integrate these constructs in RFID systems, public acceptance will follow
Ledoux, Clémence. « L'État-providence et les mondes professionnels : la construction politique des métiers féminisés d’intervention dans la sphère privée : une comparaison France-République fédérale d’Allemagne depuis les années 1970 ». Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0062.
Texte intégralThe political construction of gendered care jobs raises questions about the unequal treatment of domestic and care work, but also, more generally about the relationships between public and private spheres. The aim of this thesis is to study the political regulation of care jobs which are almost exclusively (95%) occupied by women. This entails revealing the historical and political processes that have led to the regulation of these occupations at the national level. Drawing from public policy analysis, social welfare studies, and the sociology of work and professions, this thesis distinguishes four processes affecting the collective regulation of these occupations: professionalization, de-professionalization, casualization and decasualization of labour. The theoretical framework is used to compare the situations of Germany and France, two countries for which the rules applied to care jobs have diverged since the 1970s. This dissertation investigates how resources and constraints for the development of norms for the jobs were embedded in social policies targeted to care and domestic work demand. We show that the relations between the state and the church, the stage of problematisation, the content of the instruments of social policy and their visibility are key variables to account for the development of care work regulation
Diaz, Frédéric. « Coproduction de la sécurité : un nouveau mode de contrôle et de régulation sociale : la gestion des risques dans les espaces privés lors de manifestations sportives et culturelles ». Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS018S.
Texte intégralCarré, Dobah. « La loi applicable aux tranferts de biens virtuels ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D015.
Texte intégralMulti-player virtual worlds are three-dimensional games. Over the past few years, players have been engaging in various activities involving the transfer of virtual objects that they have themselves created or purchased in these virtual worlds and over which they claim ownership. The objects, called “virtual goods”, exist only in the online world and may take any number of forms (e.g. avatars, space ships, etc.). Although the market for virtual property has important economic, social and legal impacts on consumption, these “goods” are neither recognized by the law, nor protected by North American or European legislation or jurisprudence; only the licensing contracts drafted by the developers regulate their uses. However, conflicts that arise in this domain may grow very complex since virtual interactions give rise to a great variety of activities and create legal relationships between the cybernauts who meet in the virtual environment of cyberspace although they may bephysically located on either ends of the planet. Thus, the adverse effects of these activities may manifest themselves outside of the cyber environment. Since the virtual world and the physical world are interconnected in these cases, we have to ask the following question : what law should apply to the transfer of the “virtual goods”In order to answer contentious questions that arise under private international law, one must first go through the initial step of juridically qualifying the objects in question, here the virtual goods, in order to be able to assign them to a specific legal regime and to the specific conflict of laws rules that apply under that regime. Virtual goods – inherently immaterial – do not really exist:they are graphic representations of source code embedded in the software of the virtual world. Thus, the legal characterization of the virtual objects as “property” is controversial under civil law because it depends on whether one adopts a strict (traditional) concept of property law or a more expansive (modern) concept. Even if virtual goods were to be recognized under property law, since the conflict of laws rules applicable to property law place a lot of importance on the physical location of the property in order to determine the legal attachment, this renders the search for a solution to the conflict of laws in this area very difficult. Application of the principleof contractual autonomy therefore provides greater scope in determining property rights, butthis solution may not be satisfactory to third parties. Thus, it is useful to turn to the contemporary doctrine that criticizes the general application of the rule of physical attachment to particular and novel contexts that present difficulties in determining the location of the property and instead applies the intellectual property regime which is specifically designed to deal with incorporeal goods. Copyright law is better suited to virtual goods as creations of the mind since its application is not hampered by the non-existence of the goods and because the conflict of laws rules applicable to traditional copyright lawprovide international protection for copyrights
Ben, Jazia Abderrahim. « Flexible public private partnerships : a real-option-based optimization approach ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0176/document.
Texte intégralPublic private partnerships can be a solution to the dilemma of how to do more with less available funds that public entities are constantly financing in the last decades. If implemented properly, Public Private Partnerships can contribute to the modernization of public service provision and can constitute efficient vehicles for the delivery of optimal value for money. The high incidence of renegotiation as well as the difficulty of accurately predicting the future demand on the projects is a matter of concern when it comes to the financial structuring of Public Private Partnerships. This work proposes a real-option- based optimization framework to boost the financial viability of the projects. This is done by introducing flexible financial clauses. First, an adequate framework for risk management, where volatility is derived by Monte Carlo simulation and the valuation is made without switching to the risk neutral measure, is presented. Four families of flexible clauses are, afterwards, investigated. Such clauses are triggerred, if the revenue level of the projet is not sufficient to guarnatee its financiel viability. Finally, this work develops a multi-objective optimization approach in order to assess the different trade-offs that the introduction of flexibility leads to. The proposed optimization problem is solved via multi-objective evolutionary algorithms
Braun-Deshaies, Colombe. « Les avantages et les enjeux du mode partenariat public-privé concernant l'intégration des stratégies et des incitatifs reliés au cycle de vie des immeubles : analyse de la littérature et étude du cas de la Maison symphonique de Montréal ». Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5286/1/M12672.pdf.
Texte intégralVézina, Alain. « Les domaines privés : un marché pour habiter le monde contre la nature : la persistance des modes consuméristes d'habiter l'espace en contexte de crise écologique, ou, Le crédit à la démesure de l'agir pour soi ». Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3668/1/M11562.pdf.
Texte intégralCarré, Dobah. « La loi applicable aux transferts de biens virtuels ». Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15967.
Texte intégralLes mondes virtuels multi-joueurs sont des jeux à trois dimensions. Leurs utilisateurs s’adonnent depuis plusieurs années à plusieurs activités en se transférant des objets virtuels créés ou achetés dans les mondes virtuels dont ils revendiquent la propriété. Ces objets appelés « biens virtuels » n’ont d’existence qu’en ligne et peuvent prendre n’importe quelle forme (avatars, vaisseaux spatiaux, etc.). Bien que le marché des transactions de biens virtuels représente un important impact économique, social et juridique sur l’ensemble de la consommation, ces « biens » ne sont pourtant pas juridiquement reconnus, ni protégés par la loi ou par la jurisprudence en Amérique du Nord et en Europe, seuls les contrats de licence rédigés par les développeurs régissent leurs utilisations. Or, les conflits dans ce domaine peuvent devenir très complexes, car les rencontres virtuelles donnent lieu à une grande variété d’activités et sont créatrices de liens de droit entre des internautes qui peuvent se trouver physiquement à l’autre bout de la planète pour se rencontrer virtuellement dans l’environnement du cyberespace. Ainsi, les effets dommageables de ces activités vont se manifester en dehors du réseau. Puisque dans ces cas, l’espace virtuel et l'espace matériel sont interconnectés, on se pose la question suivante : quelle est la loi applicable aux transferts de « biens virtuels »? Pour traiter d’une question litigieuse en droit international privé, il faut passer par l’étape préalable de la qualification juridique de l’objet du litige, ici les biens virtuels, afin d’être en mesure de le rattacher à un régime juridique et à la règle de conflit applicable selon ce régime. Les biens virtuels, immatériels par essence, n’existent pas réellement. Techniquement parlant ce sont des représentations graphiques de codes sources enregistrés dans le logiciel du monde virtuel. Ainsi, l’existence juridique de l’objet virtuel en tant que « bien » est controversée en droit civil, car elle dépend de la conception stricte (traditionnelle) ou élargie (moderne) que l’on adopte du droit de propriété. En admettant que les biens virtuels soient reconnus en droit des biens, les règles de conflits de lois applicables à cette matière portent beaucoup d’importance sur la situation matérielle du bien pour la localisation du rapport de droits, ce qui rend très difficile la recherche de solution des conflits de lois dans notre matière. Ainsi, l’application du principe de l’autonomie tend à s’élargir aux questions de droits réels, mais cette solution n’est pas satisfaisante pour les tiers. Dès lors, il convient de se rallier à la doctrine contemporaine qui critique la référence générale à la règle de rattachement localisatrice dans des situations nouvelles et spécifiques empreintes de difficultés de localisation afin d’appliquer préférablement le régime de propriété intellectuelle, adoptée spécifiquement pour les biens immatériels. L’application de la loi sur les droits d’auteur est plus adaptée aux biens virtuels en tant qu’œuvre de l’esprit, parce que les droits ne se trouvent pas limités par l’inexistence de cet objet et parce que les règles de conflits propres au droit d’auteur d’origine conventionnelle permettent une protection internationale du droit d’auteur.
Multi-player virtual worlds are three-dimensional games. Over the past few years, players have been engaging in various activities involving the transfer of virtual objects that they have themselves created or purchased in these virtual worlds and over which they claim ownership. The objects, called “virtual goods”, exist only in the online world and may take any number of forms (e.g. avatars, space ships, etc.). Although the market for virtual property has important economic, social and legal impacts on consumption, these “goods” are neither recognized by the law, nor protected by North American or European legislation or jurisprudence; only the licensing contracts drafted by the developers regulate their uses. However, conflicts that arise in this domain may grow very complex since virtual interactions give rise to a great variety of activities and create legal relationships between the cybernauts who meet in the virtual environment of cyberspace although they may be physically located on either ends of the planet. Thus, the adverse effects of these activities may manifest themselves outside of the cyber environment. Since the virtual world and the physical world are interconnected in these cases, we have to ask the following question: what law should apply to the transfer of the “virtual goods”? In order to answer contentious questions that arise under private international law, one must first go through the initial step of juridically qualifying the objects in question, here the virtual goods, in order to be able to assign them to a specific legal regime and to the specific conflict of laws rules that apply under that regime. Virtual goods – inherently immaterial – do not really exist: they are graphic representations of source code embedded in the software of the virtual world. Thus, the legal characterization of the virtual objects as “property” is controversial under civil law because it depends on whether one adopts a strict (traditional) concept of property law or a more expansive (modern) concept. Even if virtual goods were to be recognized under property law, since the conflict of laws rules applicable to property law place a lot of importance on the physical location of the property in order to determine the legal attachment, this renders the search for a solution to the conflict of laws in this area very difficult. Application of the principle of contractual autonomy therefore provides greater scope in determining property rights, but this solution may not be satisfactory to third parties. Thus, it is useful to turn to the contemporary doctrine that criticizes the general application of the rule of physical attachment to particular and novel contexts that present difficulties in determining the location of the property and instead applies the intellectual property regime which is specifically designed to deal with incorporeal goods. Copyright law is better suited to virtual goods as creations of the mind since its application is not hampered by the non-existence of the goods and because the conflict of laws rules applicable to traditional copyright law provide international protection for copyrights.
SBARBATI, Claudia. « LE STRAGI E LO STATO. NARRAZIONI SU CARTA DELLO STRAGISMO ITALIANO:CRONACA, MEMORIA E STORIA ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251127.
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