Thèses sur le sujet « Module à fibres creuses »
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Serra, Christophe. « Ultrafiltration frontale par fibres creuses : dimensionnement des modules et simulation du procédé en clarification des eaux ». Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30207.
Texte intégralMaurel, Martin. « Dynamique propagative d’impulsions optiques ultra-courtes pour un module de compression à base de fibre creuse ». Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0116.
Texte intégralUltra-short pulse laser, hundred femtoseconds, are currently an essential tool for many industrial or academic applications. However, their duration remains limited by the technology which composed this device itself. In addition, development of new microstructured optical fibers offers high-energy pulse guidance in gaseous media, thus allowing the generation of non-linear effects, key parameter for pulse compression and post-compression dynamics. The work of this thesis is therefore part of this context. Studies of ultra-short pulse compression dynamics are presented. Self-compression and post-compression are demonstrated at wavelengths ranging from 343 nm to 1030 nm with energy from few microJoules to several hundred microJoules and average power up to 100 W. Factor 29 of compressions are presented, with solitonic dynamic pulse with duration of 580 fs are compressed down to 19 fs. In addition, this technology has been integrated into an industrial platform installed at various customers' sites
Hajj, Ali. « Coupling microwaves with a CO2 desorption process from amine solvent : experimental and modeling approaches ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0412.
Texte intégralAs global energy needs will continue to be met by fossil-fuel based sources, a viable solution to reduce CO2 emissions would be to implement carbon capture technologies. CO2 capture by absorption in amine solvents ranks among the most advanced technologies to be implemented on post combustion units. Still, its application is remains constrained large point sources with small sources remaining difficult to decarbonize. Recently, microwave heating has gained in popularity due to its characteristics of selectiveness, volumetric nature, and ease of control; on the other hand, membrane contactors are promising gas-liquid contactors due to their compacity, operational flexibility, and ease scalability in comparison to packed columns. In this work we explore the operation of chemical desorption when a hollow fiber membrane contactor by microwave heating.A comprehensive understanding of the interactions of microwave fields and transfer phenomena is essential for the correct design, operation, and optimization of an industrial scale equipment. Hence CO2 desorption rates were experimentally studied at the local scale of a single millimetric fiber, placed in a mono-mode microwave cavity. Numerical modeling of the fiber allowed the visualization of the temperature gradients formed inside the solvent, and the corresponding local desorption rates. In parallel, a prototype-scale unit was designed for the desorption of CO2 at the scale of a hollow fiber module under microwave fields. To this end we designed a custom-design cavity was made to house a membrane module in such a manner that CO2 desorption would take place simultaneously with electromagnetic heating
Pierre, François-Xavier. « Les contacteurs membranaires appliqués à l'extraction de composés d'arôme ». Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0050.
Texte intégralDupuy, Aurélie. « Stabilisation de l'interface liquide-liquide dans un contacteur membranaire : Application à l'extraction sélective de terpènes oxygénés d'huile essentielle d'agrumes ». Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00626547.
Texte intégralBequet, Stéphane. « Procédé de photogreffage en continu de membranes fibres creuses ». Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30145.
Texte intégralBarbot, Elise. « Amélioration des performances par couplage de procédés de l'ultrafiltration par fibres creuses ». Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30058.
Texte intégralGourgues, Claire. « Ultrafiltration de suspensions de bentonite par des fibres creuses : Production d'eau potable ». Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30177.
Texte intégralSeptier, Dylan. « Fibres creuses à double gaine dédiées à la micro-endoscopie non-linéaire ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR049.
Texte intégralThis thesis presents the development of a highly multimodal flexible nonlinear micro-endoscope. It is based on a negative curvature hollow core fiber, allowing the delivery of ultrashort and intense optical pulses over a wide spectral band without significant temporal nor spectral distortion. A large silica double clad, guiding via a thin layer of low index polymer, surrounds the microstructure and enables the nonlinear signals to be collected and back propagated through the same fiber as the excitation source. The fiber distal tip is functionalized by addition of either a silica bead inserted into its hollow core or a graded index fiber spliced to its endface, allowing to significantly reduce the mode size at the fiber output. Scanning over an area of several hundreds of microns is provided by a doubly resonant piezoelectric tube attached to the fiber tip to create a spiral scan. Along with a fixed objective, it is encased inside a 3~mm large bio-compatible steel tube, making for a compact endoscope head. Endoscopic imaging of biological tissues, including fresh and unlabeled samples, is demonstrated for the first time using three photon excited fluorescence (3PEF), as well as two photon excited fluorescence (2PEF), second (SHG) and third (THG) harmonic generation, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). This system is currently commercialized by Lightcore Technologies. A new scheme is also proposed for the separation of excitation and collection signals, based on a hollow-core double clad fiber coupler. Two different glass materials are used, making the fabrication possible, even with a fusion step, without affecting the hollow microstructure. Performances up to 70~% of the currently used scheme are measured, and images of unstained biological tissues are presented to demonstrate its applicability in nonlinear endoscopy
Debord, Benoît. « Génération et micro-confinement de plasmas microondes dans des fibres optiques creuses microstructurées ». Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/63c75fb1-f102-4f88-95b0-fbfe07872238/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4045.pdf.
Texte intégralA novel scheme enabling for the first time the generation and confinement of microwave plasma in a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre (HC-PCF) is achieved, thus paving the way to the advent of “Plasma photonics”. This is achieved by combining a non-intrusive and electrode-free microwave excitation with specifically designed HC-PCF. This work includes a theoretical and experimental study to enhance the "inhibited coupling" of a Kagomé cladding lattice HC- PCF. This led to the development of a HC-PCF with a record transmission loss of 17 dB/km at 1 μm, and exhibiting a hollow-core with hypocycloid contour with strong arc curvature. The results show that the enhancing of this core contour negative curvature has three virtues: the propagation losses are strongly reduced, the optical power overlap with silica core-surround is diminished and finally, a better modal content is obtained. Based on these findings, a large core (i. E. A core diameter of ~100 microns) Kagome HC-PCF and guiding around 488 nm is fabricated to facilitate the generation of stable microwave plasma. The generation of the latter is based on an original excitation and is sustained by a microwave surface-wave, which is turn led for the first time, to the generation and confinement of a plasma in the micrometric core of the HC-PCF. Despite the fact that the plasma has a temperature value close to that of the surrounding microstructured glassy material, the latter integrity is preserved. This is explained theoretically by a particular plasma dynamics at this micrometer scale with an important role played by a space charge sheath near the inner wall of the core
Paris, Patrick. « Conception, réalisation et performances hydrauliques de faisceaux de fibres creuses parallèles pour l'ultrafiltration ». Mulhouse, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MULH0119.
Texte intégralBrinkert, Luc. « Fibres creuses d'ultrafiltration : propriétés mécaniques et contrôle en ligne sur site de filage ». Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0247.
Texte intégralAtlan, Isabelle. « Pervaporation et stripping dans des contacteurs à fibres creuses : Elimination des micropolluants des eaux ». Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0021.
Texte intégralGoma-Bilongo, Tchicaya. « Modification de la surface de membranes fibres creuses par photogreffage en continu : simulation du procédé ». Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30021.
Texte intégralIn this study, a numerical model was developed to represent a continuous photo-grafting process applied to hollow-fibre membranes. This process allows the surface of polysulfone membranes to be modified, without addition of a photo-initiator. The proposed model takes into account the coupling effects between monomer transfer and the polymerisation reaction and between heat transfer and evaporation. In the experimental work, hollow fibres were treated under different operating conditions and were then characterised in terms of permeability and retention. The mass of monomer grafted was measured and could be compared with the value predicted by the model. This model made it possible on the one hand to identify the major controlling parameters (UV dose, monomer concentration, residence time in the monomer bath), and on the other to define the optimum grafting conditions. The tendencies predicted by the model are in agreement with those observed experimentally
Akbari, Ahmad. « Elaboration de fibres creuses de nanofiltration par photogreffage : application au traitement de solutions de colorant ». Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30066.
Texte intégralAlbaraka, Zaher. « Étude de l’extraction membranaire par fibres creuses de sels alcalins par des systèmes macrocycliques calixaréniques ». Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6012.
Texte intégralThis work shows the advantages of liquid-liquid non-dispersive extraction which takes place in membrane contactors constructed with lipophilic hollow fibers. It shows the possibility of using this technique for the extraction of alkaline salts by macrocyclic extractants dissolved in a nonpolar solvent. It presents a model of mass transfer based on an adaptation of the double film model and applied to biphasic systems exhibiting nonlinear isotherms. It provides the global mass transfer coefficient which is shown to be influenced by phase flow rates, the solute diffusivity and the extraction equilibrium. The simplicity of use of membrane modules in non-dispersive extraction makes them good candidates to combine multiple operations (intensification process)
Tajalli, Seifi Payman. « Auto-structuration de nano-objets d'azo-polymère : du nanofilm à la nanosphère ». Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0005.
Texte intégralIn this thesis we studied self-structuration of azopolymer nano-objects, including azopolymer thin films, azo-nanotubes and azo-nanosphere. The influence of thin film thickness and very low temperatures on self-structured SRG formation will described and discusses extensively. Then we proposes a new type of hollow-core fiber called hollow-core grating fiber (HCGF). Inside hollow-core grating fiber (HCGF), the self-structured SRG patterns was written by lunching a suitable laser beam with proper polarization in a capillary glass fiber which inner surface has previously been coated with an azopolymer thin film. Such a grating acts as a wavelengths/angle. This type of fiber (HCGF) could find application for wavelength selection of pulse duration stretching. We exploit the photoinduced migration effect in azopolymer thin films to induce surface relief patterning of azo-nanotubes. Manipulation and precise control of the molecular order is achieved at the nanoscale. Interaction between a laser beam from an argon laser and the azopolymer nanotubes induces structures on the surface. The self-patterning process is observed to depend on the laser beam polarization. Furthermore nanometric spheres of an azopolymer are obtained by micellization from a solution. We observed photoinduced deformation of nanospheres under white light illumination. The photoinduced deformation effect is restricted to very small surface, which produces a different behaviour than in thin films. It was also shown that, whatever the origin of the force that is exerted onto the nanospheres, huge pressure will be transmitted to the interior of the particles or to the surrounding material, opening up the possibility with light to induce and control effectively mechanical motion at the nanoscale
Sheng, Jin. « Pervaporation du mélange eau-éthanol dans un faisceau de fibres creuses : modélisation des régimes de fonctionnement ». Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT033G.
Texte intégralSais, Hassiba. « Étude de l'effet du débit pulsé en microfiltration et ultrafiltration sur membranes organiques à fibres creuses ». Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD858.
Texte intégralSheng, Jin. « Pervaporation du mélange eau-méthanol dans un faisceau de fibres creuses modélisation des régimes de fonctionnement / ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618575s.
Texte intégralDufour, Elsa. « Relation entre la microstructure de fibres creuses PVdF, les propriétés physico-chimiques et les performances de filtration ». Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0001.
Texte intégralThe project NEOPHIL aims to develop an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane hollow fiber from poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) that resists to fouling amide time. This property can be achieved by adding a block copolymer called GEN in the fiber preparation solution in addition to the classic additive, poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). In this work, we focused on the quantification of additives on the surface, in the bulk and establishing the concentration profile by ATR-FTIR, T% -FTIR and Raman microscopy. These analyzes showed that half of the PVP is washed away into the coagulation bath while GEN quantitatively remains anchored in the matrix. In the case of PVP, the formulation parameters such as the presence of solvent or PVP in the coagulation bath greatly affects the concentration profile at the interfaces. In addition a multi-criteria analysis between hydrophilicity provided by the additives and the fouling was established. This study was carried out by measurement of the water contact angle, water retention and water intrusion pressure of dry fibers in relation to the size and distribution of pores, the surface roughness (AFM) and the permeability to pure water. Water retention and water intrusion pressure seem to be the two most relevant techniques that can connect the physicochemical properties and filtration performance. A preliminary study on the aging behavior was also performed showing that GEN is not extracted while the PVP is lost partly by extraction and/or degradation. This phenomenon strongly affects the different parameters studied in the multi-criteria analysis
Galop, Marc. « Caractérisation de fibres creuses d'ultrafiltration par analyse thermique. Influence de la mise en oeuvre et du vieillissement ». Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30074.
Texte intégralAlshebani, Awad. « Développement de membranes céramiques pour la séparation des gaz : fibres creuses et composites mésoporeux de nouvelle génération ». Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10306.
Texte intégralThe aim of this work is the development of micro- and mesoporous membranes of new generation for gas separation, with special insight into tubular and hollow fibre geometries. After a review of the state of the art, we present the techniques of preparation and synthesis of the membranes. In a third section, a detailed study is presented, focusing on the influence of the desorption conditions on the pure gas permeance and gas mixture separation in MFI tubular membranes. Gas desorption prior to any test appears to be a crucial step not only to obtain reliable gas permeance data, but also to also to improve the separation performance of a membrane in practical applications. In a fourth section, we present, for the first time, the synthesis of nanocomposite MFI/alumina hollow fibres, where the zeolite material crystallizes in the alumina support pores instead offorming a surface film. This architecture offers not only more mechanical stability, but also a better separation performance at high temperature. In a fifth section, this work presents, also for the first time, the characterization of nanocomposite MCM-41(‘LUS’)/alumina tubular membranes, with a mean pore size about 3 nm. A last section provides complementary results of permeance and gas separation
Campeau, Simon. « Conception d'un matériau acoustique à base de fibres naturelles d'asclépiade ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11513.
Texte intégralKergoustin, David. « Sources optiques infrarouges impulsionnelles ultra-courtes et spectralement ultra-larges générées par effet Raman dans les fibres creuses ». Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0097.
Texte intégralGas-filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers (HC-PCF) are efficient tools regarding ultra-wide and coherent optical frequency combs by Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS). Coherence is reached thanks to highly transient regime as it allows amplification, from quantum to macroscopic level, of a unique spatial and temporal mode (TSM). This results in the generation of Stokes waves with a well-determined phase. The present work details on which time scale coherence can subsist, between two consecutive pulses. The possibility of making a new kind of mode-lock is studied. Then the extreme versatility of gas-filled HC-PCF is illustrated by presenting different kind of new laser sources, exploiting different nonlinear phenomena as Raman and optical Kerr effects. Both ultra-broad and infrared sources are proposed. Then, ultra-short optical wave synthesis is performed. The repetition rate of these pulses is equivalent to the frequency shift of first rotational Raman transition in hydrogen, perfectly showing that ultra-wide Raman frequency combs are coherent. This result is a new step regarding an all-optical waveform generator. Such a device would be of major importance in a future photonic computer
Lahoussine-Turcaud, Véronique. « Maîtrise du colmatage des fibres creuses en polysulfone : prétraitement de floculation sur une eau à potabiliser par ultrafiltration ». Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120042.
Texte intégralBessière-Pacurar, Charlotte. « Compréhension et quantification des mécanismes hydrodynamiques locaux liés à l'aération au sein de faisceaux de fibres creuses immergées ». Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0041/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis is dedicated to better understand the role of aeration to limit fouling onsubmerged hollow fibers membrane fouling, for wastewater treatment industry. Thisstudy uses an innovative experimental setup to perform outside-in filtrationexperiments thanks to several submerged loose hollow fibers organized in confinedbundles. The total membrane area is about 1.2 m2; the configuration of the bundlesis close to the one found in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). A complex synthetic fluidwith rheological characteristics close to MBRs sludge is used. Different aerationconditions such as the air flowrate, the location of the air injection, the type ofbubbles injected (whether they are coarse or fine bubbles injected in the reactor)were tested and membrane performances were analysed under a low or a ratherhigh flux of filtration. In specific aeration conditions showing a different behaviour interm of fouling, local characterization of the dispersed phase in an air and watersystem was undertaken by optical probes. Gas hold up and both mean and rootmean square bubble velocity profiles were determined and analysed regarding thelocation of air injection, the air flowrate and the type of bubbles. This study helps understanding the link between local hydrodynamics and foulingmechanisms and could lead to input for aeration device design and location in orderto decrease operating costs due to aeration in Membrane Bioreactors technology
Rivas, Araiza Rocio Nohemi. « Hydrogels physiques de chitosane sous forme de macro-fibres creuses et multi-membranaires : mise en oeuvre et étude microstructurale ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880397.
Texte intégralSavart, Thibaut. « Conception et réalisation de fibres creuses industrielles d'ultrafiltration en poly(fluorure de vinylidène) (PvDF) contenant des copolymères à blocs ». Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2331/.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with the integration of amphiphilic block copolymers into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PvDF) hollow fibers obtained by phase inversion process for water ultrafiltration. The aim is to obtain membranes having a very long lifetime due to their high hydrophilicity, their antifouling behavior and their high chemical resistance. The amphiphilic dibloc copolymer NSP10,1 migrates during phase inversion to the surface of flat sheet and hollow fiber PvDF membranes, making them more hydrophilic (the water/membrane contact angle is decreased of 15° compared to a pure PvDF membrane). NSP10,1 improves the membranes permeability (multiplied by 3) but it also favors the development of structures macroporosities that weaken the membranes. To optimize the fibers properties, we have adjusted and analyzed the impacts of the dopes compositions and of the operating parameters on the membranes properties. The joint use of lithium chloride (LiCl) and NSP10,1 as additives betters the membranes structure and their permeability, the as-made membranes having similar or better properties compared to the ones of some existing commercial membranes. Under its copolymeric form or included into a membrane, the NSP10,1 copolymer is chemically-resistant towards hydrolysis and sodium hypochlorite solutions. Membranes containing some NSP10,1 are also more basic-proof than a pure PvDF membrane. Surprisingly, NSP10,1 highly accelerate the coagulation kinetics, with a decrease of 94% of induction time and a coagulation speed that is multiplied by 4. 2 compared to pure PvDF, enhancing membranes productivity
Le, Digabel Matthieu. « Perméation des isotopes de l'hydrogène dans des membranes organiques à fibres creuses : application à la détritiation d'atmosphères faiblement tritiées ». Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS010.
Texte intégralFérachou, Denis. « Application des fibres creuses à cristal photonique pour la réalisation de résonateurs micro-ondes et de guides d’onde térahertz ». Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6c8250cd-a5a5-4db6-bc7c-1c9ffc8bbfbf/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4042.pdf.
Texte intégralThe domain terahertz (THz) is a little studied frequency range. The difficulty to generate and detect in this domain has long prevented its development compared to the optical domain (> 100 THz) and microwaves (<100 GHz). The study proposed in this thesis concerns the terahertz waveguides based on structural adaptation of hollow core optical fibers composed of a photonic crystal. The low losses it is possible to achieve with this kind of optical fibers have been demonstrated. The interest of this adaptation is to find the same advantages of such structures in THz. An introductive chapter provides more detail on the THz domain and the constraints of this area. A state of the art of THz waveguides and the THz time domain spectroscopy setup developed for the study of waveguides are presented. The second chapter is devoted to models developed to explain the optical confinement in fibers based on photonic crystals and the adaptation of these crystals to microwave and THz domains. The last chapter deals with the optimization and realization of microwave resonators and waveguides THz based on adapted photonic bandgap crystals
Viard, Antoine. « Structure, élaboration, propriétés et modification de surface de fibres creuses non-oxydes à partir de polymères pré-céramiques pour des applications membranaires ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT243.
Texte intégralNew ceramic materials have progressively emerged during the last century and continuously drew attention for diverse applications. This comes from the numerous and various properties they can exhibit. A great advantage of this type of materials is their mechanical, thermal and chemical stabilities, that makes ceramics of great interest for applications in harsh environments. This trend is especially perceptible in the field of membranes. In fact, despite their moderate cost, polymer membranes, which are mostly used, are very sensitive to the environment in which they are used and require to be replaced regularly. This justifies the search for alternatives and for more resistant materials like ceramics. Various shaping are possible to build a membrane, but among these, shapings in form of tubes have aroused particular enthusiasm because of their advantages in terms of surface/volume ratio and of lower mass transport resistance. Most of used and commercialized ceramics are based on oxide chemical compositions. This constitutes a drawback concerning the aging of the membranes and their stability at very high temperatures. Another type of ceramics, non oxide silicon based ceramics, exhibits very interesting properties which could eventually palliate these problems. In general, such materials are produced through the PDC route (Polymer Derived Ceramic route), especially because of the impossibility to proceed by more conventional methods for many of them. The principle of this bottom-up method is to synthesize preceramic polymers which can be converted into ceramics through an appropriate heat treatment. This enables a very good control of the chemical structure of the final ceramics and so a great versatility. Among these materials, the quaternary system Si-B-C-N has aroused big interest because of its extraordinary thermostructural properties coupled to chemical inertness. Thus, the present work has been focused on the preparation and application of this ceramic. Another advantage of the PDC route can be found in the possible shaping arising from the polymeric nature of the precursors. This method has been widely used for the production of thin ceramic fibers by using the melt-spinning process. The main objective of this thesis is the design of SiBCN ceramic hollow fibers and capillaries based on this shaping method. The aim is the preparation of very stable membrane supports at relatively low costs compared to conventional processes used to shape ceramic materials, often involving a sintering treatment at a very high temperature. These supports could be used in gas separation and water treatment applications. More precisely, chapter 1 presents a state of the art and allows to give the context and the motivations of this work. Chapter 2 discusses on the synthesis techniques and on the used methods. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the production of SiBCN ceramic hollow fibers by studying in details the precursors chemical structure used for this purpose before investigating its ceramic conversion and the evolution of the microstructure of the resulting ceramic. Chapter 4 is dealing with the production of SiBCN ceramic capillaries. The precursor used is characterized as well as the resulting ceramic. The last chapter gives some perspectives by proposing different methods of surface modifications of the hollow fibers and the capillaries presented in chapters 3 and 4
Bocquet, Stéphanie. « Développement d'outils de génie des procédés pour la simulation et l'optimisation des contacteurs membranaires : Cas de l'extraction par fibres creuses ». Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20170.
Texte intégralGuibert, Denis. « Étude de l'influence de la configuration et du mode opératoire sur le fonctionnement d'un réacteur aéré à fibres creuses immergées ». Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0042.
Texte intégralRavereau-Delattre, Jennifer. « Étude du vieillissement en milieu chloré de membranes fibres creuses en poly(fluorure de vinylidène) utilisées dans le traitement de l'eau ». Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0009/document.
Texte intégralThe cleaning processes, especially the use of chlorine solutions, may cause the untimely degradation of the water filtration membranes. While the market for PVDF membrane-based treatment technologies is rapidly expending, only few works deal with the study of their ageing on a long-term basis. In this context, this project focuses on the study of the ageing of two PVDF filtration membranes. Samples are immersed in a sodium hypochlorite solution and the effect of the chlorine solution pH is investigated. The properties of the membranes are characterized throughout the study by tensile tests, hydrophilicity, hydraulic performances and porosity analysis. The evolution of properties is related to the chemical structure of the membranes at a molecular, a macromolecular and a supramolecular scale. Until now, this approach has never been used in the case of PVDF membranes under chlorine conditions. The size exclusion chromatography analyses revealed the most important modifications. The degradation occurs mainly by chain scissions of the PVDF and crosslinking phenomenon in lesser extent. The main modifications occurred at pH less than 10 proving the joint action of OH•, ClO• and Cl• radicals. The ageing of the PVDF membrane containing additives showed at the same time the PVDF degradation and the elimination of the additives. Whereas the properties of the additive-free PVDF membrane were preserved, the elimination of additives led to a modification of the porosity and an increased fouling. However, even if the PVDF degradation is proved, the using properties of the PVDF membranes remain acceptable taking into consideration extreme conditions of ageing studied
Mbessa, Michel. « Rôle des ultrafines dans les bétons industriels a hautes performances ». Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0057.
Texte intégralThis research deals with the design and the characterization of a high performance concrete (HPC) from locally available resources. A characteristic compressive strength of 100 MPa is the main requirement. The design of concrete was mainly focused on two points: are the ultrafine materials necessary and which superplasticizer has to be used? The investigations done (laser grain size distribution, workability test, shrinkage test, Differential Thermal Analysis (DT A), water permeability) have allowed to show that the HPC properties depend primarily on the physicochernical properties of the ultra-fine particles. The compressive behaviour of high performance concrete was experirnentally assessed and then modeled. The Young modulus has been modeled considering the HPC as a two phases material (motar and coarse aggregate). The influence of fibers (steel or PVA) has been studied. The durability of such concrete was investigated in a very aggressive environment: a 20% ammonium sulfate solution. Not any sign of important degradation was observed after several cycles in the sulfate solution
Molleyre, Jean-François. « Modifications texturales de fibres de carbone par oxydation en phase gazeuse, en vue de l'élaboration de composites : modélisation structurale de fibres haut module : propriétés mécaniques des fibres et composites ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL001N.
Texte intégralNguyen, Thi Hanh. « Etude des mécanismes de consolidation et d'abrasion du dépôt à l'interface membrane/suspension dans le cas d'une filtration tangentielle de milieux complexes ». Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=be0116e8-6268-4c9f-85a1-28f3b59c2a78.
Texte intégralThe present work investigates the hydraulic, energetic and removal performance of ultrafiltration (UF) units in filtration of reconstituted seawater from non-refined sea salt. Laboratory units were equipped with 100 kDa polysulfone hollow fiber membranes (membrane surface equal to 0,38 m2) and operated in two modes, dead-end and tangential. The influence of (i) various operating parameters (TMP, backwash (BW) frequency, BW duration, filtration modes (continuous or intermittent), aeration flow rate), (ii ) morphological and physico-chemical characteristics of added or no added microparticles to the initial charge on membrane fouling and overall performance were studied. It was shown that, an increase of TMP induces an increase of energy consumption in the case of dead-end UF of seawater (no added particles) contrary to cross-flow UF for which optimum energy consumption is located around 0,4 bar. The specific energy consumption during dead-end UF was always lower than for tangential mode. In dead-end UF without backwashing nor bubbling, membrane fouling is more important than for UF with backwashing (regardless to frequencies and durations). However the lowest specific energy consumption (16 Wh. M-3) was observed in these operating conditions. Dead-end and tangential UF of seawater with or without addition of bentonite and kieselguhr showed that two phenomena could act on the hydraulic performances and organic matter removal: abrasion of the membrane surface and adsorption of organic matter. The removal rate of total organic carbon is about 80% regardless to the UF mode (dead-end or tangential), the suspended solid concentration and the recirculation velocity in the case of tangential filtration. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal was better for tangential UF. Bentonite or kieselguhr addition (up to 1g. L-1) induced a decrease of DOC removal
Alves, Bueno Sonia Maria. « Séparation d'immunoglobulines G à partir du sérum ou du plasma humain en utilisant le ligand L-histidine immobilisé sur des membranes à fibres creuses ». Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD827.
Texte intégralPrevious work in our laboratory has shown that the amino acid histidine can be used a ligand for the purification of human immunoglobulin subclasses and monoclonal antibodies. Ln this work, we tried to combine the specificity of the ligand histidine with hollow fiber membrane technology to create a powerful device for the separation of IgG for human serum and for other sources. We chose poly( ethylene vinyl alcohol) (PEVA) hollow fibber membranes as the support material. The best IgG adsorption was obtained in presence of the zwitterionic buffers. By choosing the appropriate buffer system, it was possible to adsorb on membrane specifically different IgG subsets. For instance, in Mops buffer, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 were bound, whereas in Tris-HC1, only IgG3 and a part of the IgG1 fraction were retained. The parameters involved in the optimization of the separation process, namely the influence of residence time and serum and plasma dilution on immunoglobulin adsorption were studied in view of two applications: purification of IgG and removal of IgG from plasma in clinical aphaeresis (extracorporeal device). The capacity of Histidyl-PEVA calculated on the basis of unit membrane volume was 86 mg IgG/ml. Ln comparation of the protein A-membrane reported in literature, the capacity of Histidyl-PEVA was found to be 3 to 8 fold higher
Bassomo, Pierre. « Contribution à la parallélisation de méthodes numériques à matrices creuses skyline. Application à un module de calcul de modes et fréquences propres de Systus ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822654.
Texte intégralBassomo, Pierre. « Contribution à la parallélisation de méthodes numériques à matrices creuses skylines : application à un module de calcul de modes et fréquences propres de SYSTUS ». Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/82/26/54/PDF/1999_Bassomo_Pierre.pdf.
Texte intégralDistributed memory machines consisting of multiple autonomous processors connected by a network are becoming commonplace. Unlike specialized machines like systolic arrays, such systems of autonomous processors provide virtual parallelism through standard message passing libraries {PVM or MPI). In the area of parallelizing existing numerical algorithms, two main approaches have been proposed: automatic parallelization techniques and explicit parallelization. In the present work, we focus our studies on the second approach. The parallelization paradigm found to be most effective for numerical algorithms on distributed memory machine was to provide the user with a clientjserver architecture. The most difficult part to design is the SPMD code which is initiated by a client process to speedup the computing time. To do this, our methodology aims: at reusing the systolic model principles for the display of the potential parallelism inside nested loops, and justifying the the aggregation of iteration of loops so as to reduce communication overheads while exploiting coarse-grained parallelism. Each aggregation is a bloc of fine-grained computations not located in the same hyperplan of a given space. It also defines an atomic unit of computation i. E no synchronization or communication is necessary during the execution of the fine-grained computations inside a bloc. Thus all necessary data must be available before such atomic executions. This imposes the constraint that splitting the set of fine-grained computations does not result in deadlocks
Kieffer, Roland. « Contacteurs à Membrane pour la Précipitation du BaSO4 : Simulations numériques et résultats expérimentaux ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335098.
Texte intégralUn modèle numérique a été développé pour simuler l'écoulement et l'évolution des concentrations des réactifs. Les simulations montrent que l'utilisation de fibres creuses de faible rayon interne permet d'optimiser le mélange. A partir de ces résultats, un pilote a été conçu utilisant des modules fibres creuses pour une réaction modèle : la précipitation de BaSO4 à partir d'une solution de BaCl2 (A) et de K2SO4 (B). L'analyse d'images des cristaux obtenus permet de déterminer leur morphologie, leur taille et le taux de conversion du produit.
Guilbaud, Julie. « Etude des procédés membranaires pour le traitement des eaux de ballast : microfiltration ou ultrafiltration pour la rétention de microalgues invasives et/ou toxiques ». Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=58b5aee9-450f-49c1-a4fa-23bb92ac33e2.
Texte intégralThe international maritime trade induces an increase in the risk of introduction of invasive and/or toxic non-native microalgal species via the ballast waters. According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), it is one of the four greatest threats to the oceans. Discharge of viable, organisms, whatever their size class, will be prohibited in certain waters of the globe. Currently, no method for ballast water treatment gives total satisfaction, especially with regard of the retention of the dinoflagellates and their cysts. This work has highlighted that, among the studied membranes, the PVDF 0. 1 m one retained all microalgae while requiring lower energy consumption (4 Wh. M-3). This membrane has been chosen for the methodological study of determination of critical conditions (J = 100 L. H-1. L-2 ; V filtered/cycle = 75K L. M-2). The goal was to design a process for two hypotheses : 300 and 4,800 m3. H-1 corresponding respectively to ballast flow of a cruise ship and a Liquid Natural Gas ship (LNG). The economic study has revealed that the treatment costs could be competitive with those of conventional methods. However, investment costs and compactness facility, in the case of a LNG, appear as less favourable for an industrial development. Membrane processes have, in some cases, a real potential for development in a context of more drastic emission standards
Castaing, Jean-Baptiste. « Procédés de traitement de l'eau de mer en conchyliculture pour la sauvegarde et le maintien de la qualité des mollusques bivalves ». Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=4e84b101-063c-4e23-81e3-061f5f18860e.
Texte intégralThe aim of this work is the study of seawater filtration process to preserve commercial bivalves and maintain their quality during harmful algal blooms. The originality of this work is based on the study of rustic processes, capable of removing toxic microalgae from seawater. Two filtration processes have been studied, the immersed hollow fibres membranes and a sand filter. The origin and nature of fouling mechanisms have been identified in connection with the selectivity and energy consumption. Suspensions of toxic and nontoxic microalgae were reconstituted and then filtered through 10 kDa, 300 kDa and 0. 2 μm membranes and a sand filter (mean grain diameter “dg” equal to 250-520 μm). Microfiltration membrane 0. 2 μm has emerged as the most suitable for the filtration of seawater : more than 99 % of micro-algae were eliminated for a specific energy consumption below 0. 5 kWh/m3. Fouling mechanisms were investigated by membranes autopsies and the use of membrane filtration models. Sand filtration does not allow to retain all microalgae. Nevertheless, a decrease in the average size of sand grains significantly increases the toxic micro-algae retention (Rejection rate equal to 90 % after 6 h of filtration with dg = 256 μm). Sand filtration does not allow a total retention of toxic microalgae, then it can only be proposed as a seawater pretreatment system before membrane filtration. Despite a higher cost, immersed hollow fibres membranes can be considered for the protection of shellfish basins
Duplan, François. « Composites cimentaires à module d'élasticité contrôlé : conception, caractérisation et modélisation micromécanique ». Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30031.
Texte intégralThis PhD was realized thanks to a CIFRE partnership between the company Menard and the university of Toulouse. The purpose of this PhD was to develop and study new cement-based materials destined for the CMC (controlled modulus columns) technique. This technique belongs to a wider family of ground improvement processes called rigid (or semi-rigid) inclusions, which are soil-stiffening techniques. Those cement-based materials shall respect the company specifications regarding fresh and hardened state properties. The first goal was to design mixtures compositions which properties at fresh and hardened state respect the company specifications and are optimized for the application which they are destined for. A specific attention was given to the rigidity of the material, and its brittleness when it is reinforced by fibers. Mortars incorporating expanded clay aggregates, rubber aggregates and metallic fibers were developed. The second goal was to study the efficiency of regulatory building codes formulas with the developed mortars, since most of the developed mortars do not meet with the application scopes of the building codes. A few formulas turned out to be as efficient with the developed mortars as with regular structural concrete, while others turned out to be imprecise and unfavourable to security. The third goal was to predict the elastic properties of the linear elastic properties of the developed mortars thanks to a micromechanical model adapted to the specific needs of those specific materials. This model shall replace the empirical formulas advantageously for predicting the modulus of elasticity of the developed cement-based composites
Gouverneur, Catherine. « Étude expérimentale du champ hydrodynamique dans un tube poreux avec transfert de masse pariétal : application à la production d'eau potable par ultrafiltration tangentielle dans les fibres creuses ». Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT026H.
Texte intégralVroman, Thomas. « Mécanismes de décolmatage de membranes fibres creuses en traitement des eaux : flux critique de rétrolavage et déformation de la membrane pour une amélioration de l'efficacité du rétrolavage ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30013.
Texte intégralKynar® PVDF ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes with various properties (permeability and mechanical properties) were selected for the study of fouling removal mechanisms in the case of model suspension filtrations (bentonite and humic acid cake). The aim of this project is to improve backwash efficiency by optimizing materials and operating conditions for an energy-efficient backwash process.The deformation of the external surface of the hollow fiber during pressure operations was measured under camera. The deformation, which can reach 15% during backwash, was numerically calculated using a mechanical deformation model of a thick-walled cylinder under pressure. The experimental study of the bentonite cake removal percentage, as a function of backwash pressure and the different membranes or feed suspension, showed the existence of a critical backwash flux from which the backwash reached its maximal efficiency. However, detachment of humic acid cake, which is more adherent and causes irreversible fouling, is not affected by the backwash flux but seems to be affected by the strong deformation of external surface of the hollow-fiber (>10%). Mechanisms of cake removal during backwash are therefore linked to the mechanical stresses (normal and shear stress) acting at the cake-membrane interface
Delahaye, Frédéric. « Fibre microstructurée à cœur plasma pour la génération de radiations ultraviolettes ». Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/eb8bad31-ba1b-4347-97cc-ea597d1238fb/blobholder:0/2019LIMO0096.pdf.
Texte intégralThe generation of microwave micro-plasmas by non-intrusive excitation inside hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF), allowed the emergence of a new platform emitting in the ultraviolet range. Based on the surface wave generation, the observed plasma columns are of 50 mm confined to a micrometric scale. Despite a plasma temperature close to the transforming the microstructured silicat this one is not affected, preserved by a particular plasma dynamics. This work includes a study on the development of inhibited coupling fiber with an expended core (i.e., core diameter> 200 μm) with short wavelength transmission bands. These transmission bands make itpossible to guide the plasma fluorescence in the ultraviolet optimized by ternary gas mixture of argon, oxygen and nitrogen. These two demonstrations are at the origin of the realization of a tunable ultraviolet plasma source with more than 20 lines ranging from 450 nm to 200 nm. With optical outputs of more than 1 μW at 314 nm and 337 nm. A final experimental study on the possibility to use the plasma as an optical amplifier medium opens the way for the realization in the near future of portable ultraviolet laser sources
Javahiraly, Nicolas. « Méthode d'analyse optique du module de rigidité. Application à un capteurs photonique de position angulaire et de couple à modulation d'amplitude et de polarisation ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13092.
Texte intégralWe propose the principle, the concept and the technological development of two types of sensors: on fiber optic angular position sensor based on the modes coupling and a photonic torque sensor based on the polarization modulation. After a state of art concerning the torque and the angular sensor, we analyze the light propagation in the fiber optic in an electromagnetic and opto-geometrical way applicable to the sensor. We have analyzed the theoretical and the experimental responses of the sensors as a function of the material nature and its geometry. We obtained experimentally, for the torque sensor, a sensitivity between 2,233. 10-3 and 1,067 ʿ/N. M and a stiffness between 5,91 and 448,01 N. M/ʿ. The comparison between the theoretical and the experimental results gives a maximum difference between 1,68% and 3,4%. We have tested the Temperature fluctuations influence for DT=130ʿC and the results gave 7% of difference with the theory. By using an experimental set up to obtain a reference signal, we obtained a 0,59% maximum difference for the sensitivity and the stiffness. So, we minimize the source fluctuations with this reference set up
Tsyier, Sergei. « Caractérisation des profils d'indice de réseaux de Bragg innovants en module et phase ». Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0022/document.
Texte intégralN the last decade new techniques were developed for fabrication of sophisticated Fiber Bragg Gratings (FGBs). This has been motivated by the emergence of many applications such as dispersion compensation for long-haul communication systems, DFB fiber lasers, optical add/drop multiplexers, and optical sensors. Post-fabrication diagnostics should provide relevant information to enhance the FBG fabrication process. It is well known that the FBG spectral properties are related to the index profile Δn. Direct measurement techniques, such as the side diffraction method reported by P. Krug, allow determining the index modulation amplitude along the FBG. Nevertheless, these techniques provide no information about phase fluctuations. An alternative method of indirect characterization, based on the Layer-Peeling (LP) algorithm, consists in Bragg grating profile reconstruction from its complex reflectivity. However, the LP method is unstable when applied to characterize long FBGs (>1mm) due to the error propagation effect. In this thesis we have shown the principle of a novel technique for the direct measurement of amplitude and phase variations of the index modulation along an FBG based on the blue luminescence (BL). Our experimental results are in a good agreement with the according Krug characterization. The proposed method of FBG characterization in amplitude and phase using the UV induced BL can be applied to long gratings (up to tens of centimeters) having complex index modulation profiles. It allows retrieving simultaneously the index profile modulation Δnac(z) and the chirp function, localizing phase shifts, and also detecting the mean index change Δndc(z)