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1
CASIRAGHI, IRENE. « First principle based integrated modelling in support of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility design ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/402360.
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Nel programma di ricerca europeo per la fusione termonucleare controllata sono stati definiti otto differenti obiettivi a lungo termine. Una di queste sfide cruciali riguarda lo smaltimento (exhaust) di particelle ed energia provenienti da un reattore a fusione.
Per sviluppare e testare delle strategie alternative atte a risolvere il problema dell'exhaust, una nuova macchina sperimentale è attualmente in costruzione in Italia a Frascati presso il centro di ricerca ENEA: il Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT).
Per progettare un nuovo tokamak sono richiesti sforzi congiunti di fisici ed ingegneri. Al fine di ridurre i costi e minimizzare i rischi, uno strumento essenziale è la modellizzazione integrata il più completa possibile basata su principi primi.
Il presente progetto di dottorato è incentrato sullo sviluppo di simulazioni multi-canale basate sulla fisica dei principali scenari operazionali di riferimento di DTT.
Modelli all'avanguardia di trasporto, riscaldamento, fuelling ed equilibrio magnetico vengono integrati in queste simulazioni per predire in modo auto-consistente profili di plasma e parametri di scenario. Vengono anche calcolate tutte le interazioni non lineari tra sistemi di riscaldamento e plasma e tra i diversi canali di trasporto.
Durante questo lavoro, le simulazioni di DTT sono state progressivamente migliorate perfezionandone le impostazioni e includendo un crescente numero di aspetti grazie all'aggiunta di codici appositi. Inoltre sono stati inclusi man mano aggiornamenti dei sistemi di riscaldamento, dell'equilibrio magnetico e della configurazione della macchina per seguire l'evoluzione del progetto.
Il confronto tra simulazioni analoghe con differenti modelli quasi-lineari di trasporto ci rende fiduciosi dell'affidabilità dei profili di plasma predetti e ci permette di identificare i punti deboli dei modelli nei vari regimi in cui opera DTT. Questi modelli quasi-lineari sono stati inoltre validati mediante simulazioni girocinetiche nel range di parametri di DTT.
L'accuratezza delle predizioni è state migliorata in modo ricorsivo accordando le condizioni al contorno delle simulazioni di core e delle simulazioni del SOL, garantendo così una consistenza core-edge-SOL. Abbiamo studiato lo scenario a massime performance per guidare la progettazione della macchina e il primo plasma e gli scenari intermedi per assistere le fasi iniziali.
Le performance dello scenario a piena potenza è stato testato con nove differenti opzioni di riscaldamento allo scopo di selezionare la distribuzione di potenza ottimale tra i tre sistemi di riscaldamento ausiliario. È stata poi verificata la compatibilità dello scenario a piena potenza con le capacità del sistema di bobine elettromagnetiche. Inoltre per la prima volta sono stati stimati, nello scenario a massima potenza, i denti di sega e gli ELMs di DTT. Un'analisi delle prestazioni richieste ai sistemi di fuelling per sostenere gli alti profili di densità ha dimostrato che sarebbe insufficiente utilizzare solamente un sistema di gas puffing e che sono necessari pellet di deuterio per alimentare DTT. Sono stati stimati i tassi di emissione neutronica, risultando compatibili con il progetto attuale delle schermature neutroniche.
Questo progetto di dottorato ha portato all'ottimizzazione delle dimensioni della macchina e alla definizione delle potenze di riferimento dei sistemi di riscaldamento e ha fornito i profili di riferimento per la progettazione delle diagnostiche, la stima delle rese neutroniche, il calcolo delle perdite di particelle veloci, i requisiti del gas puffing e/o dei pellet per il fuelling, valutazioni MHD e altri lavori.The European research roadmap towards thermonuclear fusion energy defined eight different missions to guide the long–term programme. One of these crucial challenges is the controlled power and particle exhaust from a fusion reactor. To develop and test alternative strategies to solve the exhaust problem, in Italy a new experimental device is now under construction at the ENEA Research Center in Frascati: the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT). Designing a new tokamak requires concerted efforts of physicists and engineers. To reduce costs and minimise risks, a first–principle based integrated modelling as comprehensive as possible of plasma discharges is an essential tool. The focus of this PhD project was to perform the first physics–based multi–channel simulations of the main baseline operational scenarios of DTT. In these simulations state–of–art modules for transport, heating, fuelling, and magnetic equilibrium are integrated to achieve self–consistent predictions of plasma profiles and scenario parameters. All non–linear interactions between heating and plasma and between the different transport channels are also calculated. During this work, the DTT simulations have been progressively enhanced adding codes to include a growing number of aspects and refining run settings. Moreover, updates of the heating systems, magnetic equilibria, and device configuration have been included to comply with the evolving machine design. The comparison among analogous simulations with different quasi–linear transport models made us confident in the reliability of the predicted plasma profiles and allowed us to identify the weak points of the models in the various DTT operational regimes. A validation of these quasi–linear models against the gyrokinetic simulations in the specific DTT range of parameters was also performed. The prediction accuracy has been improved recursively by matching the core and SOL simulation boundary conditions to guarantee the core–edge–SOL consistency. We investigated the full performance scenario to guide the machine design, and the first plasma and intermediate scenarios to assist the commissioning phases. The full performance scenario was tested with nine different heating mix options to select the optimal power distribution amongst the three auxiliary heating systems. The compatibility of the full power scenario with the electromagnetic coil system capabilities was then verified. In addition, the DTT sawteeth and ELMs during the full power scenario were estimated for the first time. An analysis of the required fuelling system performance to sustain the high density profiles proved that only the gas puffing system would be insufficient and that deuterium pellets are needed for the DTT fuelling. Neutron rates were evaluated and found compatible with the present design of the neutron shields. This PhD modelling work led to the optimisation of the device size and of the reference heating mix, and provided reference profiles for diagnostic system design, estimates of neutron yields, calculations of fast particle losses, gas puffing and/or pellet requirements for fuelling, MHD evaluations, and other tasks.
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Dickinson, Alex. « Complexity management and modelling of VLSI systems ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd553.pdf.
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Fares, Julian. « Modelling Stakeholder Integration Using Social Networks : An Australian Integrated Health Care Project ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20455.
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Stakeholders form relationships in projects to achieve both personal and project objectives. Proper stakeholder identification, categorisation and engagement methods that capture the social processes of the stakeholder network environment are lacking in many project management standards. In this study, social network theories and analytics are introduced as a new lens for stakeholder analysis to examine an integrated network of health care stakeholders (health care services and providers) that provides care for patients. The aim is to identify influential key stakeholders and determine the optimal network structure and composition for stakeholder integration (integrated care). A quantitative, whole network study was conducted where 56 health care providers were asked to report on their network relationships and the extent to which services are integrated in a geographic region in NSW, Australia. The results show that social network structure, position and relation constructs have a vital role in integrating health care stakeholders. More precisely, it was shown that ego-density, degree and betweenness centrality, tie strength and functional diversity have a positive association with service integration. In contrast, network efficiency, constraint and reciprocated relationships were found to be negatively associated with service integration. The research implications for the project management community are that stakeholders can be analysed and managed according to their relational attributes. With respect to integrated care, all stakeholders involved in integrated care projects should consider relationships configurations in their integration endeavour. Social network analysis is shown to be a vital tool for evaluating service integration where it identifies which services are currently working together; which ones are not working with others; where are the gaps in the relationships that can be strengthened and addressed.
4
Anjos, Angélica dos. « Comparação de ferramentas para modelamento de indutores na tecnologia CMOS ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-27072007-145121/.
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Duas ferramentas para modelamento de indutores planares, retangulares e integrados e as equações analíticas implementadas em um software, foram estudadas e analisadas, para determinar qual é a mais apropriada, ou seja, aquela que fornece os resultados mais próximos de medidas experimentais, com menor custo, maior velocidade, etc. Indutores planares integrados apresentam limitações severas em seu uso. As duas principais são: o baixo valor do fator de qualidade, que limita o ganho e a banda nos amplificadores e filtros que os utilizam; e a dificuldade no seu modelamento e na determinação dos parâmetros que os caracterizam. Apesar das dificuldades no uso destes dispositivos, eles são aplicados em diversos sistemas, tais como transceptores que operam em rádio freqüências. Nestes sistemas, indutores são necessários e sua integração é essencial para se obter soluções completamente integradas. As ferramentas estudadas para o modelamento de indutores neste trabalho foram: ASITIC e SONNET. As equações analíticas foram implementadas no MATLAB. A comparação entre as ferramentas e as equações foi feita por meio de cinco indutores construídos e medidos. Os indutores foram fabricados em tecnologia CMOS de 0,35 µm com quatro camadas de metal. Para realizar a correta comparação entre os resultados simulados e as medidas elétricas, reduzindo ao máximo a interferência de elementos parasitas (inclusos pelos pads), os indutores foram inseridos em estruturas de teste. Estruturas de caracterização apropriadas foram também projetadas para permitir a eliminação do efeito das estruturas de teste sobre as medidas.Two modeling tools for integrated planar square inductors and one software implementing analytical relations, were studied and analyzed, to determine which is the most appropriate, that is, the tools that will supply the closest results to experimental measurements with, lower costs, higher speed, etc. Integrated planar inductors present severe limitations in their use. The two main limitations are: the low value of the quality factor, that affects the gain and the band of amplifiers and filters where they are used; and the difficulty in modeling and determining of their parameters. Inspire of the difficulties in the use of these devices, they are applied in many systems, such as transceivers that operate in radio frequency. In these systems, inductors are necessary and their integration is essential to obtain completely integrated solutions. In this work the studied tools for inductor modeling were: ASITIC and SONNET. The analytical relations were implementing in MATLAB. The comparisons between the tools were made through five implemented and measured inductors. The inductors were fabricated in a CMOS 0.35 µm technology with four metal layers. In order to carry out the correct comparison between the modeled results and the electric measurements, minimizing the interference of pad parasitic elements, the inductors were inserted within appropriate test structures. Characterization structures were also implemented to allow the elimination of the test structure effects on the measurements.
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Bishop, Gregory Raymond H. « "On stochastic modelling of very large scale integrated circuits : an investigation into the timing behaviour of microelectronic systems" / ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb6222.pdf.
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Tenenbaum, David Elliot. « RAIMEnt, RHESSys/Arcview integrated modelling environment ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0010/MQ40760.pdf.
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Sampson, G. « Modelling of integrated waste management systems ». Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341082.
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Purwantoro, Yudi. « Integrated and systematic modelling of reliability ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251346.
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Christie, Robert. « Propulsion system integration and modelling synthesis ». Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11711.
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Concerns over fuel costs, along with the ever increasing requirement to reduce the impact of emissions, means that the world's airlines continue to introduce low-noise and more fuel-efficient aircraft into their fleet. Increasing the engine bypass ratio is one way to improve propulsive efficiency. However, historically an increase in the bypass ratio (BPR) has usually been associated with an increase in the fan diameter. Consequently, there can be a notable increase in the impact of the engine installation on the overall aircraft performance. For example, although the typical increase in fan diameter is generally beneficial to the uninstalled engine specific fuel consumption, the increase in the nacelle drag and weight are detrimental to the aircraft performance. There is also likely to be a stronger aerodynamic coupling between the engine and the airframe. Overall there is a risk that the gains in uninstalled engine performance are wholly or partly lost due to adverse engine-airframe installation and interference effects as well as additional nacelle weight. It is clear that the quantification of the elements of installation drag is a key aspect in the assessment of the likely developments in engine design as well as on the installation requirements for future airframe architectures. The overall aim of this research is to determine the effect of nacelle size, weight, geometry and installation on flight efficiency. This aim has been addressed through the development of a framework which combines the engine thermodynamic model, aircraft performance, engine installation aspects and a flight trajectory approach. This framework has been developed to assess the relative importance of various engine installation aspects on the overall flight fuel burn for a range of short-haul and long-haul configurations.
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Vacharaphol, Oratai. « Extended modelling methodology to facilitate integrated decision making in manufacturing enterprises ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12521.
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This research has highlighted the importance of the multiple roles in design and change organizations and the benefits to have quantitative tools and qualitative tools to support decision making. Hence the aims and objectives of this research are a model driven approach to support integrated decision making in MEs. The author has identified a gap in the lack of a systematic way to model MEs to facilitate integrated decision making. Initial Modelling Methodology (IMM) has been established based on Manufacturing System Integration (MSI) group at Loughborough University so that improvement of this methodology can be investigated to facilitate integrated decision making. Artwork is an industrial furniture manufacturer based in Loughborough and is used as the company case study of this research. IMM has been tested in exploratory research case 1 at a low level of production at Artwork. The experimentations of case 1 have been carried out to study the impact of product volume and variety on specific process section at low level. The result has shown that IMM lacks the ability to facilitate integrated decision making aspect and it can be developed to achieve aims and objectives. This leads to additional concepts of (1) modelling at different level of abstraction to realise the benefit of multiple levels of modelling, (2) deploying the improved views of W, P and R sub-systems to assist in exercising simulation modelling and (3) identifying possible users in planning with scope and focus of decision making. These three concepts were added into IMM and known as Extended Modelling Methodology (EMM). The EMM has been tested in exploratory research case 2 at a mid-level of production system at Artfrom with four types of experimentations: 1) balancing resources of production system, 2) demand change, 3) rework impact and 4) delay impact. The evaluation of results has shown a systematic way of the EMM to facilitate decision making individually and collectively. Therefore the overall research contributions are a new model driven approach to support conceptual design and change of manufacturing systems in aspect of integrated decision making. However, limitations of this research can be addressed as limited availability of data, range and detail of case studies and limited range of modelling techniques explored here. It follows that scopes of future works are utilization of EMM in other domains, consideration of other reference models, investigation of EMM in other company case studies and establishment of a comprehensive database applied in EMM and development of coherent simulation models. In addition, this thesis has also presented ongoing research on developing and testing EMM in another company case study in aircraft engine manufacturer.
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Aldred, Lachlan James. « Fundamentals of process integration ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48016/1/Lachlan_Aldred_Thesis.pdf.
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Technologies and languages for integrated processes are a relatively recent innovation. Over that period many divergent waves of innovation have transformed process integration. Like sockets and distributed objects, early workflow systems ordered programming interfaces that connected the process modelling layer to any middleware. BPM systems emerged later, connecting the modelling world to middleware through components. While BPM systems increased ease of use (modelling convenience), long-standing and complex interactions involving many process instances remained di±cult to model. Enterprise Service Buses (ESBs), followed, connecting process models to heterogeneous forms of middleware. ESBs, however, generally forced modellers to choose a particular underlying middleware and to stick to it, despite their ability to connect with many forms of middleware. Furthermore ESBs encourage process integrations to be modelled on their own, logically separate from the process model. This can lead to the inability to reason about long standing conversations at the process layer. Technologies and languages for process integration generally lack formality. This has led to arbitrariness in the underlying language building blocks. Conceptual holes exist in a range of technologies and languages for process integration and this can lead to customer dissatisfaction and failure to bring integration projects to reach their potential. Standards for process integration share similar fundamental flaws to languages and technologies. Standards are also in direct competition with other standards causing a lack of clarity. Thus the area of greatest risk in a BPM project remains process integration, despite major advancements in the technology base. This research examines some fundamental aspects of communication middleware and how these fundamental building blocks of integration can be brought to the process modelling layer in a technology agnostic manner. This way process modelling can be conceptually complete without becoming stuck in a particular middleware technology. Coloured Petri nets are used to define a formal semantics for the fundamental aspects of communication middleware. They provide the means to define and model the dynamic aspects of various integration middleware. Process integration patterns are used as a tool to codify common problems to be solved. Object Role Modelling is a formal modelling technique that was used to define the syntax of a proposed process integration language. This thesis provides several contributions to the field of process integration. It proposes a framework defining the key notions of integration middleware. This framework provides a conceptual foundation upon which a process integration language could be built. The thesis defines an architecture that allows various forms of middleware to be aggregated and reasoned about at the process layer. This thesis provides a comprehensive set of process integration patterns. These constitute a benchmark for the kinds of problems a process integration language must support. The thesis proposes a process integration modelling language and a partial implementation that is able to enact the language. A process integration pilot project in a German hospital is brie°y described at the end of the thesis. The pilot is based on ideas in this thesis.
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Herrero, Mario. « Modelling dairy grazing systems : an integrated approach ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28229.
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The thesis describes a management decision-support system for dairy grazing systems based on simulation and multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) models. Appropriate selection of holistic management strategies for livestock farming systems requires: 1) understanding of the behaviour of, and interrelations between, the different parts of the system, 2) knowledge of the basic objectives of the decision-maker managing such enterprise, and 3) understanding of the system as a whole in its agro-ecoregional context. Increasing economic and environmental pressures on livestock production systems have created the need to re-evaluate current management practices and to study new alternatives to ensure their sustainability. As a consequence, the demand for decision-support systems based on mathematical models has increased in the past years. Validated simulation models provide cost-effective means to represent the dynamics of the system and its components, while MCDM models allow for appropriate selection of resource allocation strategies depending on the different objectives and management 'styles' of particular individuals. Integration of both mechanisms provides the necessary elements for efficient decision-support at farm or ecoregional level. A decision-support system based on these techniques has been built to represent pastoral dairy production systems. The biological aspects (grass growth; grazing; digestion and metabolism; animal performance, and herd dynamics) are represented by simulation studies under a variety of management regimes. The outputs from the simulation runs (such as pasture utilisation, stocking rates, milk yields, fertilizer uses, etc.) are used as data input to the MCDM models, and the latter have been used to select the management strategies which make the most efficient use of the farm's resources (i.e. land, animals, pastures).
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Elzen, Michael Gerardus Jacobus den. « Global environmental change an integrated modelling approach / ». Utrecht : Maastricht : International Books ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5746.
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Doulgeris, Georgios C. « Modelling & ; integration of advanced propulsion systems ». Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/2812.
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This research study focuses on the design of advanced propulsion cycles, having as
primary design goal the improvement on noise emissions and fuel consumption. In this
context, a preliminary cycle design method has been developed and applied on four novel
propulsion systems; ultra high bypass ratio, recuperated, intercooled-recuperated,
constant volume combustion turbofans. The analysis has shown significant improvement
in jet noise, and fuel consumption, as a result of high bypass ratio. Additionally, a
comparison to future fuel-optimised cycle has revealed the trade-off between noise
emissions and fuel consumption, where a reduction of ~30dBs in jet noise may be
achieved in the expense of ~10% increase of mission fuel.
A second aspect of this study is the integration of the propulsion system for improving
fan noise. A novel approach is followed, by half-embedding the turbofan in the upper
surface of the wing of a Broad Delta airframe. Such an installation aids in noise
reduction, by providing shielding to component (fan) noise. However, it leads to
significant inlet distortion levels. In order to assess the effect of installation-born
distortion on performance an enhanced fan representation model has been developed,
able to predict fan and overall engine performance sensitivity to three-dimensional
distorted inlet flow. This model that comprises parallel compressor theory and streamline
curvature compressor modelling, has been used for proving a linear relation between the
loss in fan stability margins and engine performance. In this way, the design engineer can
take into consideration distortion effects on off-design performance, as early as, at the
stage of preliminary cycle design.
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Bolouri, Hamid Shakourzadeh. « Yield modelling for large area integrated circuits ». Thesis, Brunel University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290958.
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Whyman, Neil L. « Modelling RF interference effects in integrated circuits ». Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273884.
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Olauson, Jon. « Modelling Wind Power for Grid Integration Studies ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302837.
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When wind power and other intermittent renewable energy (IRE) sources begin to supply a significant part of the load, concerns are often raised about the inherent intermittency and unpredictability of these sources. In order to study the impact from higher IRE penetration levels on the power system, integration studies are regularly performed. The model package presented and evaluated in Papers I–IV provides a comprehensive methodology for simulating realistic time series of wind generation and forecasts for such studies. The most important conclusion from these papers is that models based on coarse meteorological datasets give very accurate results, especially in combination with statistical post-processing. Advantages with our approach include a physical coupling to the weather and wind farm characteristics, over 30 year long, 5-minute resolution time series, freely and globally available input data and computational times in the order of minutes. In this thesis, I make the argument that our approach is generally preferable to using purely statistical models or linear scaling of historical measurements. In the variability studies in Papers V–VII, several IRE sources were considered. An important conclusion is that these sources and the load have very different variability characteristics in different frequency bands. Depending on the magnitudes and correlations of these fluctuation, different time scales will become more or less challenging to balance. With a suitable mix of renewables, there will be little or no increase in the needs for balancing on the seasonal and diurnal timescales, even for a fully renewable Nordic power system. Fluctuations with periods between a few days and a few months are dominant for wind power and net load fluctuations of this type will increase strongly for high penetrations of IRE, no matter how the sources are combined. According to our studies, higher capacity factors, more offshore wind power and overproduction/curtailment would be beneficial for the power system.
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Keeton, Shirley. « An integrated approach to modelling cancer metastasis ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68648/.
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The spread of cancer to distant sites, metastasis, is responsible for the majority of cancer related deaths. Metastasis is a complex process comprising a number of steps and mechanisms which take place over time. Due to the temporal and extemperaneous nature of metastasis it has proved difficult to study. Current models are limited in their application and there is a need to develop new models which provide a better and more meaningful biological context for the study of metastasis. Taking a tissue engineering approach, this project has sought to develop a set of in vitro models for the exploration of cancer metastasis in three dimensions. Two collagen based assays were developed to allow the exploration of metastasis in a three dimensional (3D) environment. A simple collagen based assay was developed to create multiple regions of interest, allowing the study of cell migration, invasion and colonization in two dimensions, three dimensions and at border zones. Compression of collagen was used to construct a stiffer more elastic 3D in vitro context and this assay was developed to provide multiple regions of interest for the study of metastasis in a more structured and biologically relevant environment. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was explored as an in vivo model for the study of metastasis however this allowed only a short time period for study. However, the decellularization of CAM tissue provided a novel and useful 3D context which could be used for the study of metastatic mechanisms in direct comparison to the in vivo model but over longer time periods.
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Sun, Jianjun. « Molecular modelling and integration analysis of hydroprocessors ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706487.
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Kozyniak, Kathleen. « Integrated mesoscale-hydrometeorological modelling for flood forecasting ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f54ba862-fc88-4ae1-9f6a-fe955dc5e581.
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In an effort to improve upon rainfall forecasts produced by simple storm advection methods (nowcasts) and to broach the gap between them and the forecasts of complex Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, in terms of the spatial detail and length of lead-time each provides, the research presented explores the possibility of combining elements of each into a physically-based algorithm for rainfall forecasting. It is an algorithm that uses as its foundation the rainfall prediction model of Mark French and Witold Krajewski, developed in 1994. Their model was designed to take advantage of the high resolution rainfall observations and tracking abilities provided by weather radar and to achieve a rainfall forecast by augmenting extrapolation techniques with a representation of storm dynamics in the form of "rising parcel" theory. The new algorithm/model retains those features but incorporates NWP data to assist with forecasting, using it as a means to enable an informed choice of algorithm pathways and, more specifically, to identify the ingredients of precipitation, namely ascending air of high moisture content. A case study application of the new rainfall forecasting model to storms in Northern England shows its performance, at a lead-time of one hour, compares favourably with respect to extrapolation and persistence techniques and also NWP forecasts, and that it is able to provide more assured forecasts than persistence and nowcasts at longer lead-times. The robustness of the model is tested and confirmed by way of another case study, this time using Mediterranean storms and with predictions made in the context of urban hydrology. The case studies help to identify aspects of the model that need improvement, with representation of orographic forcing being a key one. Both the model's encouraging performance and its pinpointed weaknesses provide impetus for further research in the area of integrated mesoscale-hydrometeorological modelling for flood forecasting.
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Hickey, James. « Constraining volcanic unrest with integrated geodetic modelling ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683904.
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A comprehensive understanding of the origin, nature, and significance of volcanic unrest is currently missing, but of fundamental imp0l1ance to communities living with the threat of volcanic hazards. My thesis addresses this shortcoming from a volcanic deformation angle. By incorporating a range of multi-disciplinary data, I have developed new integrated models of volcanic deformation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) that are suitable for use in both forward and inverse modelling approaches. They are consistent with independent geophysical observables and provide detailed insight on volcanic processes during unrest crises. I have applied these models to three volcanoes. A study of Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia, highlighted the importance of subsurface structure and time-dependent source processes in explaining both the spatial and temporal deformation patterns. The combined results alluded to a diapiric-type ascent of magma. At Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador, I used novel inversion models employing FEA to elucidate the location and volume of a magmatic intrusion during an aseismic, and non-eruptive, unrest episode. The models also provided insights into observable signals that could be associated with future intrusive or eruptive activity. My analysis of the persistent inflation at Aira caldera, Japan, during an ongoing emptive phase at Sakurajima volcano, used inverse Finite Element models to, for the first time, quantify the statistical significance of including topography and subsurface heterogeneity in deformation models. Additional models results were used to identify the rate, timing, volume, location and mechanism of magma supply, as well as the timescales that could be associated with increases in future eruptive activity. Together, these results highlight how models with more plausible, and geophysically consistent, components can improve our understanding of the mechanical processes affecting volcanic unrest and geodetic eruption precursors. They provide a framework to help advance emption forecasting and risk mitigation.
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Kelly, Nicolas James. « Towards a design environment for building-integrated energy systems : the integration of electrical power flow modelling with building simulation ». Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366954.
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Saptoro, Agus. « An integrated approach to artificial neural network based process modelling ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2484.
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ANN technology exploded into the world of process modelling and control in the late 1980’s. The technology shows great promise and is seen as a technology that could provide models for most systems without the need to understand the fundamental behaviour or relationships among the process variables. Today, ANN applications have been applied successfully in a number of areas of process modelling and control, with the best-established applications being in the area of inferential measurements or soft sensors.Unfortunately, ‘the free lunch did not have much meat’. Overtime, people focused more on the true capabilities and power of ANN, the ability to model nonlinear relationships in data without having to define the form of the nonlinearity. However, there is often a tendency to merely plug in the data, turn the ANN training software on, and blindly accept the results. This is probably inevitable since, to date, there are no textbooks or scientific journal papers providing an integrated and systematic approach for ANN model development addressing pre-modelling, training and postmodelling stages. Therefore, addressing issues in those three phases of ANN model development is essential to support and to improve further applications of ANN technology in the area of process modelling and control.The model development issues in pre-modelling and training phases were addressed by reviewing current practice and existing techniques. For each issue, a novel method was proposed to improve the performance of ANN models. The new approaches were tested in a variety of benchmarking studies using artificial samples and coal property datasets from power station boilers.The research work in the post-modelling stage analysis which emphasises on taking the lid off black box model, proposes a novel technique to extract knowledge from the models and simultaneously obtain better understanding of the process. Postmodelling phase issues were addressed thoroughly including construction of prediction limit, sensitivity analysis and development of mathematical representation of the trained ANN model.Confidence intervals of the ANN models were analysed to construct the prediction boundary of the model. This analysis provides useful information related to interpolation and extrapolation of the model. It also highlighted how good the ANN models can be used for extrapolation purposes.An effort based on sensitivity analysis of hidden layers is also proposed to understand the behaviours of the ANN models. Using this technique, knowledge and information are retrieved from the developed models. A comparative study of the proposed techniques and the current practice was also presented.The last topic addressed in this thesis is knowledge extraction of ANN models using mathematical analysis of the hidden layers. The proposed analysis is applied in order to open the black box of the ANN models and is implemented to simulated and real historical plant data so that useful information from those data and better understanding of the process are obtained.All in all, efforts have been made in this thesis to minimise the use of abstract mathematical language and in some cases, simplify the language so that ANN modelling theory can be understood by a wider range of audience, especially the new practitioners in ANN based modelling and control. It is hoped that the insight provided in the dissertation will provide an integrated approach to pre-modelling, training and post-modelling stages of ANN models. This ‘new guideline’ of ANN model development is unique and beneficial, providing a systematic framework for the preparation, design, evaluation and implementation of ANN models in process modelling and control in particular and prediction / forecasting tool in general.
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Masood, Tariq. « Enhanced integrated modelling approach to reconfiguring manufacturing enterprises ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6371.
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Yu, Bing. « Hybrid modelling methodology for system design ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6999.
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In the face of rapid development in information technology coupled with a growing dynamism in global markets, manufacturing systems have to be re-constructed for short term or long term goal. Such innovations promise to lead to a new competitive stage, which typically involve design of function, information and behaviour of systems. In order to design the system, simulation has often been chosen. However, simulation has proved limited and fails to aid design of such a complex systems because of consuming much computing time and cost, especially when modelling larger systems. Thus, there is a need to seek a new approach, in a way that results in simulating such a large manufacturing system with less demand on computing time and cost. This study researches into a hybrid modelling approach to minimise these limitations. It includes proposing a hybrid modelling methodology and developing a hybrid modelling tool. The methodology integrates simulation and metamodelling techniques. The metamodel employed in the study possesses, not only characteristics of conventional metamodels in terms of representing relationships in quantity, but also in time lapse. This is the originality of the study and the significant distinction between this research and application of metamodelling in conventional ways. The hybrid modelling tool is developed to support and demonstrate the identified hybrid methodology. LISP has been used as the software language for the hybrid modelling tool. The result of this work concludes that the hybrid modelling approach is capable of simulating a complex manufacturing system with less demands on the computer. The work reported in this thesis has been carried out in conjunction with the EPSRC research project, Hierarchical Manufacturing System Modelling (HMSM) (GR/F96549), to produce an Integrated Design and Modelling Methodology (IDEM). The project was initially a collaborative research program including Loughborough University of Technology (LUT), Morris Crane Ltd., of Loughborough and GEC Large Machine, of Rugby. The experience of these collaborators has proved most valuable in supporting the research, and have provided a cross section of views and comments. The research reported in this thesis is set in the context of the HMSM Research group at Loughborough.
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Oliva, Federico. « Modelling, stability, and control of DAE numerical integration ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20143/.
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This thesis deals with the integration of differential algebraic equations systems. Generally speaking the execution of numerical integration algorithms may introduce some errors, which could propagate ending up in a wrong description of system dynamics. This issue, named drifting, will be highlighted by dealing with a specific constrained mechanical system presenting. Such system consists of a looper, which is a mechanism used in the steel production to sense and control the tension acting on the material. The thesis unfolds as follows: a first section model the looper and inspects the main properties related to its joint space and singularities. A brief introduction to stability analysis on multidof systems is proposed. Then, the thesis proceeds analysing looper stability properties, eventually finding a globally asymptotic stable configuration. Lastly, the drifting is highlighted by numerical simulations. To solve this issue two control algorithms are proposed: the first is the Baumgarte algorithm and the second consists of a nonlinear stabilizer. A performance comparison of both algorithms is then presented at the end of the implementation description.
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Granlund, Henrik. « Integration of SVRS into the modelling tool GOAT ». Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51131.
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This document is the final report to the thesis executed by Henrik Granlund at the University of Linköping. The thesis is a practical assignment which includes an extension of the currently existing modelling tool GOAT. The extension regards to a integration of the internet based security database, the SHIELDS SVRS. The report goes through an overview of how GOAT is designed and later also the parts that has been extended. There after follows a summary and discussion about the work.
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El, Said Bassam Sabry Fawzy. « Integrated multi-scale modelling of 3D woven composites ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720811.
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Adefajo, Olubunmi. « Modelling of integrated electrical systems for aerospace applications ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516398.
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Solowski, Wojciech Tomasz. « Unsaturated soils : constitutive modelling and explicit stress integration ». Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2083/.
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Flower, David Jonathan Mark. « An integrated approach to modelling urban water systems ». Monash University. Faculty of Engineering. Department of Civil Engineering, 2009. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/73160.
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The energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with urban water systems have come under scrutiny in recent times, as a result of increasing interest in climate change, to which urban water systems are particularly vulnerable. The approach most commonly taken previously to modelling these results has been to consider various urban water system components in great detail, but in isolation from the rest of the system. This piecewise approach is suboptimal, since it systematically fails to reveal the relative importance of the energy consumption and GHG emissions associated with each system component in the context of the entire urban water system. Hence, it was determined that a new approach to modelling the energy consumption and GHG emissions associated with urban water systems was necessary. It was further determined that the value derived from such a model would be greatly enhanced if it could also model the water consumption and wastewater generation associated with each system component, such that integrated policies could be developed, aimed at minimising water consumption, wastewater generation, energy consumption and GHG emissions concurrently. Hence, the following research question was posed: How should the relationships between the water consumption, wastewater generation, energy consumption and GHG emissions associated with the operation of urban water systems be modelled such that the impact of various changes to the system configuration made at different spatial scales can be determined within the context of the entire system? In this research project, life cycle assessment ideas were employed to develop such a new modelling methodology. Initially, the approach was developed at the building-scale, such that the end uses of water present in a selected building and any associated appliances could be modelled, along with the fraction of the citywide water supply and wastewater systems directly associated with providing services to that building. This vast breadth of scope was delivered by considering only the operational life cycle stage of each urban water system component, excluding both the pre- and post-operational life cycle stages of the associated infrastructure. The value of this pilot model was illustrated by several case studies, focused on residential buildings connected to the centralised water supply and wastewater systems in Melbourne, Australia. Later, the approach was extended to the city-scale by using probabilistic distributions of each input parameter, such that all of the end uses of water present in a city, and all of the associated building-scale appliances could be modelled, along with the associated complete water supply and wastewater systems. The value of this city-scale model was illustrated by applying it to model a hypothetical case study city, resembling Melbourne, Australia in many ways. Due to a lack of data, this application was limited to the residential sector of the case study city, along with the fraction of the citywide water supply and wastewater systems directly associated with providing services to that sector. The results generated by the pilot and city-scale models showed that the new modelling methodology could be employed at a wide range of scales to assess the relative importance of each modelled urban water system component in terms of the specified results. Importantly, the high resolution of those results enabled the identification of the underlying causes of the relative importance of each urban water system component, such that efficient and effective approaches to reducing each result for each system component could be developed. Interestingly, for the specific case studies investigated, it was revealed that some commonly neglected system components were actually extremely important, such as domestic hot water services, a trend found to be largely driven by hot water consumption in showers.
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Grinc, Michal. « Lithospheric structure in Central Europe : integrated geophysical modelling ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921044.
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The main aim of this thesis is to gain new knowledge about the lithospherical structure and tectonics of the Carpathian-Pannonian Basin region. We applied three different methods: 1Dautomatic modelling, 2D integrated geophysical modelling and 3D inversion to achieve this goal.These methods are similar concerning the used databases but differ by used processing andinterpretation. At first we apply 1D automatic modelling to get a very first overview of thestudied region. Secondly, we apply 2D integrated modelling of the lithosphere which combines the interpretation of surface heat flow, geoid, gravity, and topography data in the Carpathian-Pannonian Basin region and surrounding areas. This approach is able to constrain the complicated lithospheric structures of the studied region better than interpreting each data set onits own. We present four 2D integrated models of the lithosphere in the Carpathian-PannonianBasin region and surrounding areas. Finally, based on the 3D Inversion algorithm, we present the geophysical models of the lithosphere in the Carpathian-Pannonian region. The algorithm returns the density structure of the lithosphere from joint inversion of free air gravity, geoid andtopography data based on a Bayesian approach. The models are based on different input data sets and constrained by different a priori data. Based on our modelling we cannot confirm theextreme thinning (less than 70 km) of the Pannonian Basin lithosphere proposed by other authors.On the other hand, the results show the increasing trend of the lithospherical thickness of theCarpathian Arc from the Western Carpathians toward the Eastern Carpathians which confirms theprevious theories about the propagation of subduction process. We got some controversial resultsin the area of the Southern Carpathians. The results based on 3D inversion show extremely thinlithosphere in the area; on the other hand, the results based on 2D integrated modelling do notsupport such thinning. However both methods indicate that it is probable that the MoesianPlatform is bend and underthrusted underneath the Southern Carpathians. The south-eastern edge of the Pannonian Basin based on 3D inversion shows unexpected and surprisingly thinlithosphere. Since the area is quite large, we could exclude an effect of flexure, therefore this area might be potentially interesting for further investigation.
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Kamalian, Ulric. « Integrated 2D-3D free surface hydro-environmental modelling ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/26089/.
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An integrated horizontally two- and fully three-dimensional numerical model system has been developed based on a combined unstructured and σ-coordinate grid to simulate the flow and water quality process in large water bodies with a focus on the three dimensional behaviours at specific areas. The model is based on the time dependent Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a non-hydrostatic pressure distribution and a baroclinic force being incorporated in the three dimensional (3D) model. The two sub models interact dynamically during the solution procedure with no time-step restriction due to integration. The main idea is to use a fractional step algorithm for each model and then integrate the two models fraction by fraction. Hybrid 2D-3D finite volume cells have been introduced for the link nodes which are partly in the 2D domain and partly in the 3D domain. Thus an interpolation/averaging procedure at the interface and domain overlapping is no longer needed. The 3D model uses the projection method for pressure calculation. The advection equation is solved by the semi-Lagrangian method. Other components are solved via the finite element - finite volume (FV) method. The water surface is determined implicitly through a global matrix equation created by assembling the domain's matrices. The cell integrals are calculated analytically to eliminate a common source of numerical diffusion due to the use of approximation techniques for the FV integrals. The horizontal gradients of the density and shear stresses are calculated on true horizontal planes, in order to avoid artificial velocity and diffusion in highly stratified flows. Neumann interpolation elements with virtual nodes have been introduced at Neumann type of boundaries for more accuracy. The integrated model has been verified using analytical solutions and benchmark test cases, including the Ekman velocity distribution, wind driven circulation, lock exchange and integrated 2D-3D flows in basin. The results show the model is capable of the model for accurate simulation and implicit 2D-3D integration. Keywords: integrated modelling, hydrodynamic numerical model, non-hydrostatic, unstructured mesh, hybrid finite element finite volume method.
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Stewart, Finlay J. « Modelling visual-olfactory integration in free-flying Drosophila ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3192.
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Flying fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) locate a concealed appetitive odour source most accurately in environments containing vertical visual contrasts (Frye et al, 2003). To investigate how visuomotor and olfactory responses interact to cause this phenomenon, I implement a tracking system capable of recording flies’ flight trajectories in three dimensions. I examine free-flight behaviour in three different visual environments, with and without food odour present. While odour localisation is facilitated by a random chequerboard pattern compared to a horizontally striped one, a single vertical landmark also facilitates odour localisation, but only if the odour source is situated close to the landmark. I implement a closed-loop systems-level model of visuomotor control consisting of three parallel subsystems which use wide-field optic flow cues to control flight behaviour. These are: an optomotor response to stabilise the model fly’s yaw orientation; a collision avoidance system to initiate rapid turns (saccades) away from looming obstacles; and a speed regulation system. This model reproduces in simulation many of the behaviours I observe in flies, including distinctive visually mediated ‘rebound’ turns following saccades. Using recordings of real odour plumes, I simulate the presence of an odorant in the arena, and investigate ways in which the olfactory input could modulate visuomotor control. In accordance with the principle of Occam’s razor, I identify the simplest mechanism of crossmodal integration that reproduces the observed pattern of visual effects on the odour localisation behaviour of flies. The resulting model uses the change in odour intensity to regulate the sensitivity of collision avoidance, resulting in visually mediated chemokinesis. Additionally, it is necessary to amplify the optomotor response whenever odour is present, increasing the model fly’s tendency to steer towards features of the visual environment. This could be viewed as a change in behavioural context brought about by the possibility of feeding. A novel heterogeneous visual environment is used to validate the model. While its predictions are largely borne out by experimental data, it fails to account for a pronounced odour-dependent attraction to regions of exclusively vertical contrast. I conclude that visual and olfactory responses of Drosophila are not independent, but that relatively simple interaction between these modalities can account for the observed visual dependence of odour source localisation.
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Sienz, J. « Integrated structural modelling, adaptive analysis and shape optimization ». Thesis, Swansea University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639033.
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The present work is concerned with the development of procedures for an integrated system for computer aided structural optimization including topology optimization, image processing and shape optimization for two dimensional structures. At the beginning, such a system is introduced. This system integrates aspects of design and analysis modelling, behaviour sensitivity analysis, optimization and creative control via interactive graphics. A satisfactory solution of structural optimization problems can only be achieved by having a profound knowledge of each of these aspects. The introduction of an integrated system for structural optimization is followed by the establishment of a pool of blocks to build such a system. Firstly, a flexible shape definition tool for two dimensional structures using B-splines is shown. This is followed by an adaptive, automatic mesh generator for unstructured meshes consisting of triangular or quadrilateral meshes which allows to generate full FE problem definitions. The FE analysis is carried out using this input for plane stress/plane strain problems, solids of revolution and for engineering problems governed by the Helmholtz equations. The accuracy of the FE analysis is improved by applying adaptive refinement methods in combination with the Zienkiewicz-Zhu error estimator and nodal averaging or the SPR method to compute nodal stresses. For shape optimization, the behaviour sensitivities of the structure are computed using semi-analytical methods (exact or conventional) or the global finite difference method. The optimization is carried out using mathematical programs which are used as black boxes. These tools are then combined to build two applications for integrated structural optimization.
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Ji, Hongyan. « Thermodynamic modelling of wax and integrated wax-hydrate ». Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/332.
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Strickrodt, M. « An integrated knowledge engineering approach to process modelling ». Thesis, University of South Wales, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265743.
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Al-Khudairy, Fawaz Wathiq Khattab. « Integrated positioning system (IPS) using route modelling scheme ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324200.
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Cardew-Hall, Michael John. « Modelling and integrated inspection of cast turbine blades ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46985.
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Jiao, Hong. « Integrated knowledge-based hierarchical modelling of manufacturing organizations ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32104.
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The objective of this thesis is to research into an integrated knowledge-based simulation method, which combines the capability of knowledge based simulation and a structured analysis method, for the design and analysis of complex and hierarchical manufacturing organizations. This means manufacturing organizations analysed according to this methodology can manage the tactical and operational planning as well as the direct operation of shop floor.
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Rees, C. S. « Mathematical models in an integrated steel making plant ». Thesis, University of Hull, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383736.
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Adnane, Alaoui M'Hamdi. « Modelling and analysis of consumer's multi-decision process : a new integrated stochastic modelling framework ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9415.
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Interest in understanding Human Beings’ behaviour can be traced back to the early days of mankind. However, interest in consumer behaviour is relatively recent. In fact, it is only since the end of World War II and following economic prosperity of some nations (e.g., U.S.A.) that the world witnessed the rise of a new discipline in the early 1950s; namely, Marketing Research. By the end of the 1950s, academic papers on modelling and analysis of consumer behaviour started to appear (Ehrenberg, 1959; Frank, 1962). The purpose of this research is to propose an integrated decision framework for modelling consumer behaviour with respect to store incidence, category incidence, brand incidence, and size incidence. To the best of our knowledge, no published contribution integrates these decisions within the same modelling framework. In addition, the thesis proposes a new estimation method as well as a new segmentation method. These contributions aim at improving our understanding of consumer behaviour before and during consumers’ visits to the retail points of a distribution network, improving consumer behaviour prediction accuracy, and assisting with inventory management across distribution networks. The proposed modelling framework is hybrid in nature in that it uses both non-explanatory and explanatory models. To be more specific, it uses stochastic models; namely, probability distributions, to capture the intrinsic nature of consumers (i.e., inner or built-in behavioural features) as well as any unexplained similarities or differences (i.e., unobserved heterogeneity) in their intrinsic behaviour. In addition, the parameters of these probability distribution models could be estimated using explanatory models; namely, multiple regression models, such as logistic regression. Furthermore, the thesis proposes a piece-wise estimation procedure for estimating the parameters of the developed stochastic models. Also proposed is a three-step segmentation method based on the information provided by the quality of fit of stochastic models to consumer data so as to identify which model better predicts which market segments. In the empirical investigation, the proposed framework was used to study consumer behaviour with respect to individual alternatives of each decision, individual decisions, and all decisions. In addition, the proposed segmentation method was used to segment the panellists into infrequent users, light to medium users, and heavy users, on one hand, and split loyals, loyals, and hardcore loyals, on the other hand. Furthermore, the empirical evidence suggests that the proposed piece-wise estimation procedure outperforms the standard approach for all models and decision levels. Also, the empirical results revealed that the homogeneous MNL outperforms both the heterogeneous NMNL and DMNL when each one of these distributions is applied to all decisions, which suggests the relative homogeneity in consumer decision making at the aggregate or integrated decision level. Last, but not least, through the use of the proposed framework, the thesis sheds light on the importance of consumer choice sequence on the quality of predictions, which affects the quality of segmentation. The reader is referred to chapter 3 for details on these contributions.
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Tavares, Ana Teresa C. P. « Systems, evolution and integration : modelling the impact of economic integration on multinationals' strategies ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365381.
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Manning, R. L. « Investigation of an iterative method for performing circuit simulation at electrical level on a multiprocessor system ». Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375489.
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Ding, Chenghua. « Role based modelling in support of configurable manufacturing system design ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5981.
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Business environments, in which any modern Manufacturing Enterprise (ME) operates, have grown significantly in complexity and are changing faster than ever before. It follows that designing a flexible manufacturing system to achieve a set of strategic objectives involves making a series of complex decisions over time. Therefore manufacturing industry needs improved knowledge about likely impacts of making different types of change in MEs and improved modelling approaches that are capable of providing a systematic way of modelling change impacts in complex business processes; prior to risky and costly change implementation projects. An ability to simulate the execution of process instances is also needed to control, animate and monitor simulated flows of multiple products through business processes; and thereby to assess impacts of dynamic distributions and assignments of multiple resource types during any given time period. Further more this kind of modelling capability needs to be integrated into a single modelling framework so as to improve its flexibility and change coordination. Such a modelling capability and framework should help MEs to achieve successfully business process re-engineering, continuous performance development and enterprise re-design. This thesis reports on the development of new modelling constructs and their innovative application when used together with multiple existing modelling approaches. This enables human and technical resource systems to be described, specified and modelled coherently and explicitly. In turn this has been shown to improve the design of flexible, configurable and re-usable manufacturing resource systems, capable of supporting decision making in agile manufacturing systems. A newly conceived and developed Role-Based Modelling Methodology (R-BMM) was proposed during this research study. Also the R-BMM was implemented and tested by using it together with three existing modelling approaches namely (1) extended Enterprise Modelling, (2) dynamic Causal Loop Diagramming and (3) Discrete Event Simulation Modelling (via software PlantSimulation ®). Thereby these three distinct modelling techniques were deployed in a new and coherent way. The new R-BMM approach to modelling manufacturing systems was designed to facilitate: (1) Graphical Representation (2) Explicit Specification and (3) Implementation Description of Resource systems. Essentially the approach enables a match between suitable human and technical resource systems and well defined models of processes and workflows. Enterprise Modelling is used to explicitly define functional and flexibility competencies that need to be possessed by suitable role holders. Causal Loop Diagramming is used to reason about dependencies between different role attributes. The approach was targeted at the design and application of simulation models that enable relative performance comparisons (such as work throughput, lead-time and process costs) to be made and to show how performance is affected by different role decompositions and resourcing policies. The different modelling techniques are deployed via a stepwise application of the R-BMM approach. Two main case studies were carried out to facilitate methodology testing and methodology development. The chosen case company possessed manufacturing characteristics required to facilitate testing and development; in terms of significant complexity and change with respect to its products and their needed processing structures and resource systems. The first case study was mainly designed to illustrate an application, and benefits arising from application, of the new modelling approach. This provided both qualitative and quantitative results analysis and evaluation. Then with a view to reflecting on modelling methodology testing and to address a wider scope manufacturing problem, the second case study was designed and applied at a different level of abstraction, to further test and verify the suitability and re-usability of the methodology. Through conceiving the new R-BMM approach, to create, analyse and assess the utility of sets of models, this research has proposed and tested enhancements to current means of realising reconfigurable and flexible production systems.
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Lodi, Chiara. « Modelling the energy dynamics of ventilated photovoltaic facades using stochastic differential equations in a monitored Test Reference Environment ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84167.
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L'objectiu general d'aquest treball és contribuir a l'avaluació de la transferència de l'energia en règim dinàmic de sistemes Fotovoltaics de doble pell Integrats en Edificis (EIFV) amb ventilació forçada sota condicions climàtiques exteriors reals.
Per tant, un dels objectius d'aquest treball de recerca va consistir a recol.lectar dades experimentals sota condicions externes reals amb el “Test Reference Environment” (TRE) al Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida (PCiTAL). Es va dur a terme una llarga campanya de mesures on es van realitzar diversos experiments, amb diferents inclinacions i règims de ventilació.
Un altre objectiu va ser estimar paràmetres físics desconeguts mitjançant l'ús de models d'identificació. Per aconseguir aquest objectiu, diversos models de caixa grisa estocàstics es van desenvolupar.
Finalment, a partir de l'experiència adquirida durant el treball experimental, d'anàlisi i de modelatge, s'ha proposat la definició d'un entorn de prova “Test Reference Environment” estandarditzat per a les aplicacions de EIFV de doble pell.El objetivo general de este trabajo es contribuir a la evaluación de la transferencia de la energía en régimen dinámico de sistemas de doble piel FotoVoltaicos Integrados en Edificios (EIFV) con ventilación forzada bajo condiciones climáticas exteriores reales. Por lo tanto, uno de los objetivos de este trabajo de investigación consistió en recolectar datos experimentales bajo condiciones externas reales con el “Test Reference Environment” (TRE) en el Parque Científico y Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Lleida (PCiTAL). Se llevó a cabo una larga campaña de medidas donde se realizaron varios experimentos, con diferentes inclinaciones y regímenes de ventilación. Otro objetivo fue estimar parámetros físicos desconocidos mediante el uso de modelos de identificación. Para lograr este objetivo, varios modelos de caja gris estocásticos se desarrollaron. Por último, a partir de la experiencia adquirida durante el trabajo experimental, de análisis y de modelación, se ha propuesto la definición de un entorno de prueba “Test Reference Environment” estandarizado para las aplicaciones de EIFV de doble piel.
The general aim of this work is to contribute to the energy dynamics assessment of mechanically ventilated double skin Building Integrated PhotoVoltaic (BIPV) systems under real outdoor weather conditions. Therefore, one of the objectives of this research work has consisted in collecting experimental data under real outdoor conditions in the Test Reference Environment (TRE) at the Lleida Agri-food Science and Technology Park (PCiTal). An extensive monitoring campaign has been carried out and several experiments, at different inclinations and ventilation regimes, have been performed. Another goal was to estimate unknown physical parameters by using identification models. To achieve this goal, several stochastic grey-box models have been developed. Finally, from the experience gained during the experimental, analysis and modelling work, the definition of a standardized set-up for a Test Reference Environment for double skin applications of BIPV has been proposed.
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Crone, Simon Michael Dalrymple. « Seeing the light : an integrated design approach for Australian conditions ». Thesis, Curtin University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2091.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The field of lighting design is a highly specialised one. The control and manipulation of both natural and artificial light is a difficult aspect of building design. Proficient architects, interior designers and engineers must currently draw on their own experience and resources to evaluate their lighting designs. However, most often lighting design is overlooked and not fully understood by building designers. Those lighting designers that do have a good understanding of lighting are hampered by current conventional design methods when dealing with alternative and creative lighting designs. This is especially the case when dealing with natural daylight which tends to be under utilised, particularly in climatic areas that differ greatly from the European standard daylight design skies.There is clearly a need for a tool that enables building designers to quickly and accurately evaluate their use of localised natural light and specific artificial light in their building designs.The recent development of accurate, physically based computer models and the resulting photo realistic computer rendered images, can provide the basis of a platform for lighting designers to visualise their lighting designs. Such lighting platform enables designers to make more informed design decisions when looking at new approaches and unusual situations.The aim of this thesis is to explore and formulate a working example of such a lighting design platform, where by designers can easily evaluate lighting and daylighting designs based upon real world lighting and localised atmospheric conditions.The designer is presented with an easy to use graphical user interface, that is able to produce a photometrically accurate photo realistic computer image.This platform was achieved through the development of three key areas. The first was the creation of a process of integrating a specific physical based rendering program, RADIANCE (Ward 1996)into an existing three dimensional computer aided design modelling package. The second area consisted of creating a localised daylight model suitable to improve the accuracy of the physical based renderer when dealing with specific local atmospheric conditions. This daylight model was based on Kittlers' sky irradiance model (Kittler 1982a). The final area was the development of a graphical user interface that provides an easy to use, front end to the lighting design platform.The results of this thesis exist in a working suite of programs and graphical user interfaces where local daylight and atmospheric condition can be specified and a photo realistic image of a design produced. The success of this platform can be demonstrated by the quality of the images that are produced. A designer can begin to use the interface with ease after very little instruction and thus start to quickly evaluate their design in terms of lighting manipulation and control. This ability to visualise and assess lighting and its effects, both natural daylight and artificial, will inevitably lead to a higher quality of successful building designs.
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Sutton, T. P. « Integrated species distribution modelling system : a user friendly front end to the GARP modelling toolkit ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53748.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: At a social, ecological and biological level it is important tha t we gain a better understanding of species distribution and the constraints to species distribution. Various modelling tools and approaches are available to provide this type of functionality. The GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule set Production) Modelling System (GMS) was selected because of its strong predictive modelling abilities and its ability to represent the results of model iterations in both a tabular and cartographic manner. A shortcoming in this system was identified in tha t it requires strong information technology skills in order to carry out the modelling process. This can be attributed to the lack of a user-friendly interface to the system. In order to address this a loosely coupled system was developed that provides an easy to use web-based front end to the GMS. This Integrated Modelling System extends the core functionality of the GMS by providing a system that provides detailed history for each analysis, allows fine tuning of the modelling process, integrates directly with a biodiversity database containing specimen observations, and provides a simple ‘wizard’ interface to the modelling process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Van ’n sosiale, ekologiese en biologiese standpunt is dit belangrik dat ons spesies verspreiding en die beperkings daarvan verstaan. ’n Verskeidenheid sagteware pakkette en metodologiee is beskikbaar om spesies verspreiding te modelleer. Die GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule set Production) sagteware was gebruik vir sy sterk voorspellingsvermoe, en sy kapasiteit vir kartografiese en tubulere tentoonstelling van model resultate. ’n Tekortkoming met hierdie stelsel was gei'dentifiseer - dit is nie gebruikersvriendelik nie en gebruikers het sterk informasie tegnologie vermoens nodig. Om hierdie tekortkominge aan te spreek was ’n sagteware program ontwerp wat van GARP gebruik maak deur middel van ’n webblaaier. Hierdie ge'integreerde stelsel bou op die basiese funksionaliteit van GARP om ’n werk omgewing te skep wat ’n gedetailleerde geskiedenis van elke model stoor, fyn beheer oor die model toelaat, direk met ’n bio diver siteits databasis koppel, en van ’n eenvoudige ’wizard’ stelsel gebruik maak om gebruikers opsies te bepaal.
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Alkaff, Mohammed Ali O. « Integration of depositional process modelling, rock physics and seismic forward modelling to constrain depositional parameters ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/110.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Stratigraphic modelling parameters can be modified by generating synthetic seismic data from the stratigraphic model via integration of the stratigraphic model, rock physics and seismic forward modelling. Rock physics is used to convert geological parameters to elastic parameters. These are then used to generate synthetic seismic data via seismic forward modelling. Synthetic data is then compared with its corresponding observed data and the stratigraphic modelling parameters are modified based on the comparison results.
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Hassan, Mansoor Ahmed. « View integration using the entity-relationship model ». Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10641/.
Texte intégral