Articles de revues : « Modelli subject-specific »

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Furfari, Angela, et Valeria Caggiano. « INTRAPRENEURSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONS ». International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 4, n^o 1 (29 novembre 2016) : 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v4.637.

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Abstract.The subject of entrepreneurship is an area in constant evolution, is a valid form of combating the phenomenon of unemployment, representing a virtuous response against a labor market that requires high flexibility to all parties who work there. For Schwartz “value” is a concept that an individual has a trans-situational purpose, he argues that the values being desirable states transcend specific situations and depict regulatory models used to judge and choose between different ways of behaving, so act from the principles driving in people’s lives. The present study aims to investigate the presence of significant relationships between the variables related to entrepreneurial skills and values . The sample is represented by a group of 101 Italian workers including 85 men ( 84%) and 15 women (16 %), all day between the ages of 30 and 39 who work in the public transport company ATAC S.p.A. The focus of this study is represented by the subject and his being intra-company both within the working environment, with its action and its influence on the economy and the social reality in which it operates.Keywords: Intrapreneurship,organizations, valuesAbstract.Il tema dell’imprenditorialità è un’area in costante evoluzione, la quale viene coinvolta ed utilizzata sia dalla disciplina psicologica, economica,ma anche sociale per ovviare al fenomeno della disoccupazione. Un altro costrutto preso in considerazione è il ‘’valore’’il quale secondo Schwartz è un concetto che un individuo ha di uno scopo transituazionale, egli sostiene che i valori essendo stati desiderabili trascendono le specifiche situazioni e raffigurano modelli normativi impiegati per giudicare e scegliere tra diversi modi di comportarsi, e fungono, quindi, da principi guida nella vita delle persone. La presente ricerca si pone l’obiettivo di indagare la presenza di relazioni significative tra le variabili legate alle competenze imprenditoriali ed i valori, secondo la teoria di riferimento legata ai valori di Schwarz, S. H. e Bilsky, W. (1987). Partendo da quanto proposto da Lidaka (2012), ci si propone di individuare influenze significative da parte dei valori, sui tratti imprenditoriali considerati nella presente ricerca.Si vogliono pertanto esplorare i legami tra questi due aspetti fondamentali dell’essere umano: valori da una parte, tratti caratteriali e competenze imprenditoriali, dall’altra.Il campione è rappresentato da un gruppo di 101 soggetti, ai quali è stato misurato, attraverso la somministrazione del questionario, sia i valori che le competenze imprenditoriali che si inseriscono nella scelta lavorativa. I dati sono stati raccolti su un campione di 101 lavoratori italiani di cui 85 uomini (84%) e 15 donne (16%), tutti dì età compresa tra i 30 ed i 39 anni. Il focus di questo studio, dunque, è rappresentato dal soggetto e dal suo essere intraimprenditoriale all’interno del contesto lavorativo, dalla sua azione e dall’influenza sull’economia e sulla realtà sociale nella quale opera (Battistelli, Favretto, 2003).Keywords: Intrapreneurship- Entrepreneurship- Values- Locus of control- Self-efficacy-Engagment- Employ-ability- Proactive personality.

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Rossini, G., A. Caimi, A. Redaelli et E. Votta. « Subject-specific multiscale modeling of aortic valve biomechanics ». Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 20, n^o 3 (1 avril 2021) : 1031–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-021-01429-5.

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AbstractA Finite Element workflow for the multiscale analysis of the aortic valve biomechanics was developed and applied to three physiological anatomies with the aim of describing the aortic valve interstitial cells biomechanical milieu in physiological conditions, capturing the effect of subject-specific and leaflet-specific anatomical features from the organ down to the cell scale. A mixed approach was used to transfer organ-scale information down to the cell-scale. Displacement data from the organ model were used to impose kinematic boundary conditions to the tissue model, while stress data from the latter were used to impose loading boundary conditions to the cell level. Peak of radial leaflet strains was correlated with leaflet extent variability at the organ scale, while circumferential leaflet strains varied over a narrow range of values regardless of leaflet extent. The dependency of leaflet biomechanics on the leaflet-specific anatomy observed at the organ length-scale is reflected, and to some extent emphasized, into the results obtained at the lower length-scales. At the tissue length-scale, the peak diastolic circumferential and radial stresses computed in the fibrosa correlated with the leaflet surface area. At the cell length-scale, the difference between the strains in two main directions, and between the respective relationships with the specific leaflet anatomy, was even more evident; cell strains in the radial direction varied over a relatively wide range ($$0.36-0.87$$ 0.36 - 0.87 ) with a strong correlation with the organ length-scale radial strain ($$R^{2}= 0.95$$ R 2 = 0.95 ); conversely, circumferential cell strains spanned a very narrow range ($$0.75-0.88$$ 0.75 - 0.88 ) showing no correlation with the circumferential strain at the organ level ($$R^{2}= 0.02$$ R 2 = 0.02 ). Within the proposed simulation framework, being able to account for the actual anatomical features of the aortic valve leaflets allowed to gain insight into their effect on the structural mechanics of the leaflets at all length-scales, down to the cell scale.

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Sədrəddin qızı Camıyeva, Sədaqət. « STEAM model in teaching biology ». SCIENTIFIC WORK 71, n^o 10 (23 octobre 2021) : 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/71/45-51.

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The STEAM educational model is based on the idea of teaching students 5 specific fields of Science ( Teshology) , Enerineering ( Energineering), Art (Art), Mathematics ( Marth) in a joint and integrated way. The teaching of biology at school is based on regular demonstrations of experience. However, it is difficuit for students with figurative memory to leam abstract, pictureless processes. My observations today give grounds to say that the teaching of Biology with the help of STEAM will become more difficuit in order to solve these problems and achieve the active use of internet resources in the teaching process. Learning biology through STEAM wil play an important role in education and prepare children for future challenges and opportunities/ It will develop the skills of rapid learning that are needed in educational institutions and today. Key words: biology subject, STEAM, teaching model, education technology

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WOJCIECHOWSKI, Sebastian. « „Sieć’’ przyczyn współczesnego terroryzmu – analiza czynników, mechanizmów i modeli ». Przegląd Politologiczny, n^o 3 (2 novembre 2018) : 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2011.16.3.3.

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The issue of terrorism is the subject of numerous studies and analyses. They are usually devoted to its individual manifestations, forms or mechanisms and relatively rarely concern the reasons for the presence and escalation of terrorism. What is more, they often focus on indicating the main factors that trigger terrorism while lacking a profound analysis or attempts at the systemization of the sources of terrorism. Another drawback lies in the emotional or even ideological approach to the subject, which obviously limits the scientific merit of such considerations. Considering the reasons for terrorism one needs to ask several key questions. What are the main factors that generate terrorism? Is it possible to indicate one or several dominating deter- minants among the sources of terrorism? How can they be arranged? Do the present typologies of reasons for terrorism take into account the comprehensive range and specific na- ture of this phenomenon? Apart from answering the above questions, the main purpose of this study is to indicate the main reasons for terrorism combined with the author’s attempt to systemize them by means of the interferential model of reasons for terrorism. It encompasses both the sources of terrorism and their mutual relations, the factors that affect terrorism and the mechanisms and changes that occur with respect to these phenomena.

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Seyfi Noferest, Behnaz, Anand P. Santhanam et Olusegun J. Ilegbusi. « Effect of gravity on subject-specific human lung deformation ». Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 24, n^o 1 (27 septembre 2017) : 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13873954.2017.1382537.

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Sazonov, Igor, Si Yong Yeo, Rhodri L. T. Bevan, Xianghua Xie, Raoul van Loon et Perumal Nithiarasu. « Modelling pipeline for subject-specific arterial blood flow-A review ». International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 27, n^o 12 (3 juin 2011) : 1868–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1446.

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Rosenberg, Michael C., Bora S. Banjanin, Samuel A. Burden et Katherine M. Steele. « Predicting walking response to ankle exoskeletons using data-driven models ». Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, n^o 171 (octobre 2020) : 20200487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0487.

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Despite recent innovations in exoskeleton design and control, predicting subject-specific impacts of exoskeletons on gait remains challenging. We evaluated the ability of three classes of subject-specific phase-varying (PV) models to predict kinematic and myoelectric responses to ankle exoskeletons during walking, without requiring prior knowledge of specific user characteristics. Each model—PV, linear PV (LPV) and nonlinear PV (NPV)—leveraged Floquet theory to predict deviations from a nominal gait cycle due to exoskeleton torque, though the models differed in complexity and expected prediction accuracy. For 12 unimpaired adults walking with bilateral passive ankle exoskeletons, we predicted kinematics and muscle activity in response to three exoskeleton torque conditions. The LPV model's predictions were more accurate than the PV model when predicting less than 12.5% of a stride in the future and explained 49–70% of the variance in hip, knee and ankle kinematic responses to torque. The LPV model also predicted kinematic responses with similar accuracy to the more-complex NPV model. Myoelectric responses were challenging to predict with all models, explaining at most 10% of the variance in responses. This work highlights the potential of data-driven PV models to predict complex subject-specific responses to ankle exoskeletons and inform device design and control.

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Goenezen, Sevan, Venkat Keshav Chivukula, Madeline Midgett, Ly Phan et Sandra Rugonyi. « 4D subject-specific inverse modeling of the chick embryonic heart outflow tract hemodynamics ». Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 15, n^o 3 (11 septembre 2015) : 723–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-015-0720-y.

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Toma, Milan, Charles H. Bloodworth, Daniel R. Einstein, Eric L. Pierce, Richard P. Cochran, Ajit P. Yoganathan et Karyn S. Kunzelman. « High-resolution subject-specific mitral valve imaging and modeling : experimental and computational methods ». Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 15, n^o 6 (19 avril 2016) : 1619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-016-0786-1.

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Ghezelbash, F., A. Shirazi-Adl, N. Arjmand, Z. El-Ouaaid et A. Plamondon. « Subject-specific biomechanics of trunk : musculoskeletal scaling, internal loads and intradiscal pressure estimation ». Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 15, n^o 6 (12 mai 2016) : 1699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-016-0792-3.

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Monti, Ricardo Pio, Christoforos Anagnostopoulos et Giovanni Montana. « Learning population and subject-specific brain connectivity networks via mixed neighborhood selection ». Annals of Applied Statistics 11, n^o 4 (décembre 2017) : 2142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/17-aoas1067.

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Pang, Henry, Abhishek P. Shiwalkar, Chris M. Madormo, Rebecca E. Taylor, Thomas P. Andriacchi et Ellen Kuhl. « Computational modeling of bone density profiles in response to gait : a subject-specific approach ». Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 11, n^o 3-4 (22 mai 2011) : 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-011-0318-y.

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Koren, Miklós, et Silvana Tenreyro. « Technological Diversification ». American Economic Review 103, n^o 1 (1 février 2013) : 378–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.1.378.

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Economies at early stages of development are frequently shaken by large changes in growth rates, whereas advanced economies tend to experience relatively stable growth rates. To explain this pattern, we propose a model of technological diversification. Production makes use of input-varieties that are subject to imperfectly correlated shocks. Endogenous variety adoption by firms raises average productivity and provides diversification benefits against variety-specific shocks. Firm-level and aggregate volatility thus decline as a by-product of the development process. We quantitatively assess the model's predictions and find that it can generate patterns of volatility and development consistent with the data. (JEL D21, D24, E23, O33, O47)

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Lian, Zhi‐Qiang, Yuan‐Xian Gu et Hong‐Wu Zhang. « Subject‐Specific Finite Element Simulation of Bone Grafting Procedure for Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head ». Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 4, n^o 4 (avril 2008) : 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157361108785963019.

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Viceconti, Marco, Simone Bnà, Daniele Tartarini, Stelios Sfakianakis, James Grogan, Dawn Walker, Samuel Gamble et Debora Testi. « VPH-HF : A software framework for the execution of complex subject-specific physiology modelling workflows ». Journal of Computational Science 25 (mars 2018) : 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2018.02.009.

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Xiang, Yujiang, Rahid Zaman, Ritwik Rakshit et James Yang. « Subject-specific strength percentile determination for two-dimensional symmetric lifting considering dynamic joint strength ». Multibody System Dynamics 46, n^o 1 (3 janvier 2019) : 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11044-018-09661-1.

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Sułkowski, Bogusław. « „Społeczne ramy kultury” czterdzieści lat później. Pięć modeli komunikacji kulturowej ». Kultura i Społeczeństwo 55, n^o 2-3 (10 mai 2011) : 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2011.55.2-3.1.

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Forty years ago Antonina Kłoskowska built up a universal paradigm of three social frames of culture. They included: frame one, i.e. local production of symbolic processes, close to folk culture; frame two — understood as a network of local institutions of culture; frame three — involving a radiation of pan-local centers, in particular a reception of contents transmitted by mass media. A basic sociological criterion of differentiating between these categories includes a type of contact, and adjacency of sender and recipient of symbolic communication. Currently, following years of development of digital means of communication, computer networks and fiber optic technologies, audio-visual systems, mobile telephones, etc. a proposal of frames of culture must be examined again. New media shape new vehicles of expression (e.g. hypertext), but most importantly they inspire specific social relations. Discussion over cultural framework is also triggered by accelerated processes of economic and social transformation, advanced globalization, increase of living standards and dissemination of consumption attitudes, changes in leisure activities of the middle class. In more narrowly understood domain of institutional and professional culture one witnessed the processes of European deregulation and release of culture from state, which in Eastern Europe was accompanied by abolition of censorship and a different model of culture distribution, which is controlled by market and cultural (creative) industry rather than by central government. As a result, the nature of direct communication among people is subject to ongoing transformation. We witness more and more indirect cultural communication (off-line and on-line). Modified and broadened proposal of social frames of culture includes five rather than three paradigms, namely: the culture of indirect communication, the culture of associations and volunteers; the culture of local institutions (public and private), mass culture versus pop culture, cyber-culture, culture of network community. One has to underline that in the new reality of our civilization we can still use analytic principles of Kłoskowska’s typology. First, we can treat spiritual culture as a phenomenon of autotelic semiosis with pragmatic definition of sign; second, while describing social functioning of culture we can use a sociological criterion of contact and adjacency.

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Pandithevan, Ponnusamy, et Gurunathan Saravana Kumar. « Reconstruction of subject-specific human femoral bone model with cortical porosity data using macro-CT ». Virtual and Physical Prototyping 4, n^o 3 (septembre 2009) : 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452750902823241.

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Miyawaki, Shinjiro, Merryn H. Tawhai, Eric A. Hoffman, Sally E. Wenzel et Ching-Long Lin. « Automatic construction of subject-specific human airway geometry including trifurcations based on a CT-segmented airway skeleton and surface ». Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 16, n^o 2 (4 octobre 2016) : 583–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-016-0838-6.

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Henderson, B. Charlene, et Steven E. Kaplan. « An Examination of Audit Report Lag for Banks : A Panel Data Approach ». AUDITING : A Journal of Practice & ; Theory 19, n^o 2 (1 septembre 2000) : 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2000.19.2.159.

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This study investigates the determinants of audit report lag (ARL) for a sample of banks. Researchers have been interested in the determinants of ARL, in part, because it impacts the timeliness of public disclosures. However, prior ARL research has relied exclusively on regression analysis of cross-sectional samples of companies from many industries. In addition to focusing exclusively on banks, panel data analysis is introduced and compared with cross-sectional analysis to demonstrate its power in dynamic settings and its potential to improve estimation. Results reveal important differences between cross-sectional analysis and panel data analysis. First, bank size is negatively related to ARL in cross-section but positively related to ARL using panel data analysis. The cross-sectional size estimate is subject to omitted variables bias, and furthermore, cross-sectional analysis fails to capture variation in size over time in relation to ARL. Panel data analysis both accounts for omitted variables and captures the dynamics of the relationship between size and ARL. As well, the panel data model's explanatory power far exceeds that of the cross-sectional model. This is primarily due to the panel model's use of firm-specific intercepts that both capture the role of reporting tradition and eliminate heterogeneity bias. Thus, panel data analysis proves to be a powerful tool in the analysis of ARL.

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Xiong, Guanglei, C. Alberto Figueroa, Nan Xiao et Charles A. Taylor. « Simulation of blood flow in deformable vessels using subject-specific geometry and spatially varying wall properties ». International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 27, n^o 7 (20 juillet 2010) : 1000–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1404.

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Brady, R., D. O. Frank-Ito, H. T. Tran, S. Janum, K. Møller, S. Brix, J. T. Ottesen, J. Mehlsen et M. S. Olufsen. « Personalized mathematical model of endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses in young men and associated changes in heart rate variability ». Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 13, n^o 5 (2018) : 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/2018031.

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The objective of this study was to develop a personalized inflammatory model and estimate subject-specific parameters that could be related to changes in heart rate variability (HRV), a measure that can be obtained non-invasively in real time. An inflammatory model was developed and calibrated to measurements of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) over 8 hours in 20 subjects administered a low dose of lipopolysaccharide. For this model, we estimated 11 subject-specific parameters for all 20 subjects. Estimated parameters were correlated with changes in HRV, computed from ECG measurements using a built-in HRV module available in Labchart. Results revealed that patients could be separated into two groups expressing normal and abnormal responses to endotoxin. Abnormal responders exhibited increased HRV, most likely as a result of increased vagal firing. The observed correlation between the inflammatory response and HRV brings us a step further towards understanding if HRV predictions can be used as a marker for inflammation. Analyzing HRV parameters provides an easy, non-invasively obtained measure that can be used to assess the state of the subject, potentially translating to identifying a non-invasive marker that can be used to detect the onset of sepsis.

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Begonia, Mark, Mark Dallas, Mark L. Johnson et Ganesh Thiagarajan. « Comparison of strain measurement in the mouse forearm using subject-specific finite element models, strain gaging, and digital image correlation ». Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 16, n^o 4 (15 février 2017) : 1243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-017-0885-7.

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Laitenberger, Maria, Maxime Raison, Delphine Périé et Mickael Begon. « Refinement of the upper limb joint kinematics and dynamics using a subject-specific closed-loop forearm model ». Multibody System Dynamics 33, n^o 4 (10 mai 2014) : 413–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11044-014-9421-z.

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Deng, Jingjing, Xianghua Xie et Ben Daubney. « A bag of words approach to subject specific 3D human pose interaction classification with random decision forests ». Graphical Models 76, n^o 3 (mai 2014) : 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gmod.2013.10.006.

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Tse, Kwong Ming, Long Bin Tan, Shu Jin Lee, Siak Piang Lim et Heow Pueh Lee. « Development and validation of two subject-specific finite element models of human head against three cadaveric experiments ». International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 30, n^o 3 (5 novembre 2013) : 397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2609.

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Dembek, Z. F., T. Chekol et A. Wu. « Best practice assessment of disease modelling for infectious disease outbreaks ». Epidemiology and Infection 146, n^o 10 (8 mai 2018) : 1207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881800119x.

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AbstractDuring emerging disease outbreaks, public health, emergency management officials and decision-makers increasingly rely on epidemiological models to forecast outbreak progression and determine the best response to health crisis needs. Outbreak response strategies derived from such modelling may include pharmaceutical distribution, immunisation campaigns, social distancing, prophylactic pharmaceuticals, medical care, bed surge, security and other requirements. Infectious disease modelling estimates are unavoidably subject to multiple interpretations, and full understanding of a model's limitations may be lost when provided from the disease modeller to public health practitioner to government policymaker. We review epidemiological models created for diseases which are of greatest concern for public health protection. Such diseases, whether transmitted from person-to-person (Ebola, influenza, smallpox), via direct exposure (anthrax), or food and waterborne exposure (cholera, typhoid) may cause severe illness and death in a large population. We examine disease-specific models to determine best practices characterising infectious disease outbreaks and facilitating emergency response and implementation of public health policy and disease control measures.

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Akrami, Mohammad, Zhihui Qian, Zhemin Zou, David Howard, Chris J. Nester et Lei Ren. « Subject-specific finite element modelling of the human foot complex during walking : sensitivity analysis of material properties, boundary and loading conditions ». Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 17, n^o 2 (14 novembre 2017) : 559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-017-0978-3.

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Rhodes, Martha W., et Howard I. Kator. « Use of Salmonella typhimurium WG49 to enumerate male-specific coliphages in an estuary and watershed subject to nonpoint pollution ». Water Research 25, n^o 11 (novembre 1991) : 1315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(91)90109-4.

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Van Campen, Anke, Goele Pipeleers, Friedl De Groote, Ilse Jonkers et Joris De Schutter. « A new method for estimating subject-specific muscle-tendon parameters of the knee joint actuators : a simulation study ». International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 30, n^o 10 (21 avril 2014) : 969–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2639.

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Dehghan‐Hamani, Iraj, Navid Arjmand et Aboulfazl Shirazi‐Adl. « Subject‐specific loads on the lumbar spine in detailed finite element models scaled geometrically and kinematic‐driven by radiography images ». International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 35, n^o 4 (25 février 2019) : e3182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.3182.

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Turkheimer, Federico E., Rainer Hinz et Vincent J. Cunningham. « On the Undecidability among Kinetic Models : From Model Selection to Model Averaging ». Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & ; Metabolism 23, n^o 4 (avril 2003) : 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wcb.0000050065.57184.bb.

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This article deals with the problem of model selection for the mathematical description of tracer kinetics in nuclear medicine. It stems from the consideration of some specific data sets where different models have similar performances. In these situations, it is shown that considerate averaging of a parameter's estimates over the entire model set is better than obtaining the estimates from one model only. Furthermore, it is also shown that the procedure of averaging over a small number of “good” models reduces the “generalization error,” the error introduced when the model selected over a particular data set is applied to different conditions, such as subject populations with altered physiologic parameters, modified acquisition protocols, and different signal-to-noise ratios. The method of averaging over the entire model set uses Akaike coefficients as measures of an individual model's likelihood. To facilitate the understanding of these statistical tools, the authors provide an introduction to model selection criteria and a short technical treatment of Akaike's information–theoretic approach. The new method is illustrated and epitomized by a case example on the modeling of [11C]flumazenil kinetics in the brain, containing both real and simulated data.

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Taylor, Greg. « EVOLUTIONARY HIERARCHICAL CREDIBILITY ». ASTIN Bulletin 48, n^o 1 (2 novembre 2017) : 339–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2017.31.

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AbstractThe hierarchical credibility model was introduced, and extended, in the 70s and early 80s. It deals with the estimation of parameters that characterize the nodes of a tree structure. That model is limited, however, by the fact that its parameters are assumed fixed over time. This causes the model's parameter estimates to track the parameters poorly when the latter are subject to variation over time. This paper seeks to remove this limitation by assuming the parameters in question to follow a process akin to a random walk over time, producing an evolutionary hierarchical model. The specific form of the model is compatible with the use of the Kalman filter for parameter estimation and forecasting. The application of the Kalman filter is conceptually straightforward, but the tree structure of the model parameters can be extensive, and some effort is required to retain organization of the updating algorithm. This is achieved by suitable manipulation of the graph associated with the tree. The graph matrix then appears in the matrix calculations inherent in the Kalman filter. A numerical example is included to illustrate the application of the filter to the model.

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Zhuravlev, D. M. « A model of the socially oriented financial market of the subject of the Russian Federation ». Economic Analysis : Theory and Practice 16, n^o 5 (28 mai 2020) : 973–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.5.973.

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Subject. A region's economy growth is determined by the nature of a number of underlying economic processes, which include procedures for the financial market functions that play a crucial role. The function of financial institutions is most pronounced in the context of trends that are central to socio-economic development strategies. The article makes an attempt to systematize and highlight indicators, influencing and reflecting the essence of the economic category of finance, with an emphasis on social aspects. Objectives. The aim of the study is to review the economic category of finance in the context of indicators that have a significant impact on the nature of its function. Methods. I employ logical and systems approaches, methods of grouping, comparison, regression, and correlation analysis. The structured database of Rosstat official reporting served as information source. Results. The paper presents an economic-and-mathematical model of the financial market category. The model's functionality is sufficient to substantiate causal relationships between specific indicators. The proof was revealed empirically, based on the case of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the Siberian and the Volga Federal Districts, and using a dedicated software application. Conclusions. The developed theoretical, methodological and practical approaches, if used in practice, may help solve the problems of regional strategizing.

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Frey Law, Laura A., et Richard K. Shields. « Predicting human chronically paralyzed muscle force : a comparison of three mathematical models ». Journal of Applied Physiology 100, n^o 3 (mars 2006) : 1027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00935.2005.

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Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces detrimental musculoskeletal adaptations that adversely affect health status, ranging from muscle paralysis and skin ulcerations to osteoporosis. SCI rehabilitative efforts may increasingly focus on preserving the integrity of paralyzed extremities to maximize health quality using electrical stimulation for isometric training and/or functional activities. Subject-specific mathematical muscle models could prove valuable for predicting the forces necessary to achieve therapeutic loading conditions in individuals with paralyzed limbs. Although numerous muscle models are available, three modeling approaches were chosen that can accommodate a variety of stimulation input patterns. To our knowledge, no direct comparisons between models using paralyzed muscle have been reported. The three models include 1) a simple second-order linear model with three parameters and 2) two six-parameter nonlinear models (a second-order nonlinear model and a Hill-derived nonlinear model). Soleus muscle forces from four individuals with complete, chronic SCI were used to optimize each model's parameters (using an increasing and decreasing frequency ramp) and to assess the models' predictive accuracies for constant and variable (doublet) stimulation trains at 5, 10, and 20 Hz in each individual. Despite the large differences in modeling approaches, the mean predicted force errors differed only moderately (8–15 % error; P = 0.0042), suggesting physiological force can be adequately represented by multiple mathematical constructs. The two nonlinear models predicted specific force characteristics better than the linear model in nearly all stimulation conditions, with minimal differences between the two nonlinear models. Either nonlinear mathematical model can provide reasonable force estimates; individual application needs may dictate the preferred modeling strategy.

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Cheong, Vee San, Ana Campos Marin, Damien Lacroix et Enrico Dall’Ara. « A novel algorithm to predict bone changes in the mouse tibia properties under physiological conditions ». Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 19, n^o 3 (30 novembre 2019) : 985–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-019-01266-7.

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AbstractUnderstanding how bone adapts to mechanical stimuli is fundamental for optimising treatments against musculoskeletal diseases in preclinical studies, but the contribution of physiological loading to bone adaptation in mouse tibia has not been quantified so far. In this study, a novel mechanistic model to predict bone adaptation based on physiological loading was developed and its outputs were compared with longitudinal scans of the mouse tibia. Bone remodelling was driven by the mechanical stimuli estimated from micro-FEA models constructed from micro-CT scans of C57BL/6 female mice (N = 5) from weeks 14 and 20 of age, to predict bone changes in week 16 or 22. Parametric analysis was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the models to subject-specific or averaged parameters, parameters from week 14 or week 20, and to strain energy density (SED) or maximum principal strain (εmaxprinc). The results at week 20 showed no significant difference in bone densitometric properties between experimental and predicted images across the tibia for both stimuli, and 59% and 47% of the predicted voxels matched with the experimental sites in apposition and resorption, respectively. The model was able to reproduce regions of bone apposition in both periosteal and endosteal surfaces (70% and 40% for SED and εmaxprinc, respectively), but it under-predicted the experimental sites of resorption by over 85%. This study shows for the first time the potential of a subject-specific mechanoregulation algorithm to predict bone changes in a mouse model under physiological loading. Nevertheless, the weak predictions of resorption suggest that a combined stimulus or biological stimuli should be accounted for in the model.

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Mammana, Cristiana, et Elisabetta Michetti. « Endogenous Instability in Credit-Constrained Emerging Economies with Leontief Technology ». Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2008 (2008) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/196494.

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This work provides a framework to analyze the role of financial development as a source of endogenous instability in emerging economies subject to moral hazard problems. We propose and study a dynamic model describing a small open economy with a tradeable good produced by internationally mobile capital and a country specific input, using Leontief technology. We demonstrate that emerging markets could be endogenously unstable since large capital inflows increase risk and exacerbate asymmetric information problems, according to empirical evidences. Using bifurcation and stability analysis, we describe the properties of the system attractors, we assess the plausibility for complex dynamics and, we find out that border collision bifurcations can emerge due to the fact that the state space is piecewise smooth. As a consequence, when a fixed or periodic point loses its stability, the final dynamics may become suddenly chaotic. This fact may explain how financial crises occurred in emerging economies.

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Raudsepp, Urmas, et Ilja Maljutenko. « A method for assessment of the general circulation model quality using the <i>K</i>-means clustering algorithm : a case study with GETM v2.5 ». Geoscientific Model Development 15, n^o 2 (25 janvier 2022) : 535–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-535-2022.

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Abstract. The model's ability to reproduce the state of the simulated object or particular feature or phenomenon is always a subject of discussion. Multidimensional model quality assessment is usually customized for the specific focus of the study and often for a limited number of locations. In this paper, we propose a method that provides information on the accuracy of the model in general, while all dimensional information for posterior analysis of the specific tasks is retained. The main goal of the method is to perform clustering of the multivariate model errors. The clustering is done using the K-means algorithm of unsupervised machine learning. In addition, the potential application of the K-means clustering of model errors for learning and predicting is shown. The method is tested on the 40-year simulation results of the general circulation model of the Baltic Sea. The model results are evaluated with the measurement data of temperature and salinity from more than 1 million casts by forming a two-dimensional error space and performing a clustering procedure in it. The optimal number of clusters that consist of four clusters was determined using the Elbow cluster selection criteria and based on the analysis of the different number of error clusters. In this particular model, the error cluster with good quality of the model with a bias of 0.4 ∘C (SD = 0.8 ∘C) for temperature and 0.6 g kg−1 (SD = 0.7 g kg−1) for salinity made up 57 % of all comparison data pairs. The prediction of centroids from a limited number of randomly selected data showed that the obtained centroids gained a stability of at least 100 000 error pairs in the learning dataset.

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Hodneland, Erlend, Erik Hanson, Ove Sævareid, Geir Nævdal, Arvid Lundervold, Veronika Šoltészová, Antonella Z. Munthe-Kaas, Andreas Deistung, Jürgen R. Reichenbach et Jan M. Nordbotten. « A new framework for assessing subject-specific whole brain circulation and perfusion using MRI-based measurements and a multi-scale continuous flow model ». PLOS Computational Biology 15, n^o 6 (25 juin 2019) : e1007073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007073.

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Emanuel, Federica. « Train academics to design and assess using learning outcomes : new challenges in Higher Education ». Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete 22, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/form-13103.

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The paper reflects on the topic of learning outcomes in Higher Education. The emphasis on the education process and learning benefits students, faculty, and institution. The theme of learning outcomes in relation to instructional design and assessment becomes the subject of faculty development programs; a three-level training is hypothesized and discussed, starting with the IRIDI training program for faculties at the University of Turin. The first level is the exploration of learning outcomes’ topic, which can start from the syllabus development. The second level refers to the reinforcement of the use of learning outcomes in the didactic and assessment practices. The last level emphasizes the importance of providing faculty with specific training, with a collegial and institutional focus. This training model will be able to support and promote student-centered, inclusive, and quality teaching in Higher Education. Formare i docenti universitari a progettare e valutare secondo i learning outcomes: nuove sfide in Higher Education. Il contributo presenta una riflessione sul tema dei learning outcomes nella didattica universitaria. L’attenzione per il processo didattico e l’apprendimento portano benefici per studenti, docenti e istituzione. Il tema dei learning outcomes in relazione alla progettazione didattica e alla valutazione diventa oggetto della formazione dei docenti universitari; viene ipotizzata e discussa una formazione a tre livelli, partendo dalla analisi del programma di formazione IRIDI per i docenti universitari dell’Università di Torino. Il primo livello è quello della esplorazione del tema dei learning outcomes, che può partire dalla redazione della scheda di insegnamento. Il secondo livello si riferisce al consolidamento dell’uso dei learning outcomes nella pratica didattica a valutativa dei docenti universitari. L’ultimo livello sottolinea l’importanza di offrire ai docenti una formazione specifica sul tema, con una attenzione collegiale e istituzionale. Questo modello di formazione potrà sostenere e promuovere una didattica centrata sullo studente, inclusiva e di qualità.

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HUANG, ZHI-LONG, ZHOU YAN, XIAO-LING JIN et GUANRONG CHEN. « ON THE LOCAL STOCHASTIC STABILITY OF NONLINEAR COMPLEX NETWORKS ». International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, n^o 01 (janvier 2010) : 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410025491.

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The local stochastic stability of nonlinear complex networks is studied, subject to stochastic perturbations to the coupling strengths and stochastic parametric excitations to the nodes. The complex network is first linearized at its trivial solution and then the linearized network is reduced to N independent subsystems by using a suitable linear transformation, where N is the size of the network. The largest Lyapunov exponent for each subsystem is then calculated and all the approximate analytical solutions are evaluated for some specific cases. It is found that the largest Lyapunov exponent among all subsystems is the one associated with the subsystem that has the largest or the smallest eigenvalue of the configuration matrix of the network. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the theoretical analysis.

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Gu, Shuiliang, Hongmei Guo et Yingsheng Su. « Research on Supply Chain Coordination and Profit Allocation Based on Altruistic Principal under Bilateral Asymmetric Information ». Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (12 juin 2018) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2302434.

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To ensure supply chain coordination and equitable profit allocation when there is bilateral asymmetric information, a supply chain consisting of one manufacturer with private manufacturing cost information and one retailer with private selling cost information is considered. A bilateral adverse selection model is established with a virtual altruistic principal as the coordination subject, for which the supply chain coordination conditions and an allocation rule for the supply chain surplus are then given. It was found that contract coordination depended on the costs and risk rates of both parties and market demand; that is, the lower the costs and the risk rate, the easier the supply chain coordination. Second, the trading volume distortion degree was positively correlated with production cost, sales cost, and price sensitivity and negatively correlated with the market environment parameter. Third, the allocation proportion for the supply chain surplus was determined. Finally, under a specific cost distribution assumption, a numerical example was given to simulate the contract execution and analyze the relationships between costs and profit.

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Holešová, Natália, Richard Lenhard, Katarína Kaduchová et Milan Malcho. « Correlation Coefficients in Lee’s Model of Multiphase Flows ». MATEC Web of Conferences 369 (2022) : 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236901001.

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Multiple technical and biological systems exhibit multiphase flow phenomena. The demands for accurate calculations of the physical phenomena that occur in engineering technologies have increased along with their rapid advancement. However, it is very hard to identify two- and multi-phase flow through experimental measurements, as a result, in addition to experimental measurements, numerical simulations are also performed, which can help improve our physical understanding of the complex phenomenon of phase transformations. The goal of numerical simulations of phase changes is to precisely simulate the real progress and experiment. These simulations operate on the basis of physical principles and correlation coefficients of phase changes. These correlation coefficients have a different range of values. The examination of the Lee model's correlation coefficients from the ANSYS Fluent environment, which is now the most popular for multiphase flow simulations, is the subject of the article that is being given. In this article is also described and tested the numerical simulation of interphase mass transport in a closed space. Research background: The article is focused on the problematics of multiphase flows. In ANSYS Fluent, there are many types of models, which are used for the numerical simulations of this phenomena. In models are included correlation parameters, which are specific for every single situation and are within the given ranges. This paper is about the Lee model, which correlation coefficients are in the range from 10-3 to 102. Purpose of the article: A detailed description of Lee's model with its testing on a heat pipe in the ANSYS Fluent program with determined correlation coefficients. Methods: The use of CFD simulation of multiphase flow to determine correlation coefficients. Findings & Value added: Testing the correlation coefficients of Lee's model and finding their appropriate values for the given situation.

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Lin, Hongzhi. « The Shrinking of Beijing and the Rising of Xiong’an : Optimize Population Migration in terms of Transport Service ». Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (6 janvier 2020) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8282070.

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The population of Beijing has already come to its loading capacity. The China central government plans to build an ideal city named Xiong’an nearby Beijing. The city is expected to work as a carrying hub for noncapital functions of Beijing. The central government does not rush to build before a deliberated urban planning is accomplished. For sustainable development, a difficulty faced by urban planners is that the maximum number of people can be migrated from Beijing to Xiong’an with constraint on level of transport service. This paper developed a specialized bilevel programming model where the upper level is to ensure a predetermined transport service level regarding to population migration, while the lower level is feedback equilibrium between trip generation and traffic assignment. To be more specific, trip is generated by the gravity model, and traffic is assigned by the user equilibrium model. It is well known that the bilevel programming problem is tough and challenging. A try-and-error algorithm is designed for the upper-level model, and a method of successive average (MSA) is developed for the lower-level model. The effectiveness of the model and algorithm is validated by an experimental study using the current transport network between Beijing and Xiong’an. It shows that the methods can be very useful to identify the maximum population migration subject to level of transport service.

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Faghihi, Tayebeh, et Shahab Sabzi. « Investigation of Microgrid Hierarchical Control and Structure ». Advances in Modelling and Analysis C 75, n^o 1-4 (31 décembre 2020) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ama_c.751-401.

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This paper offers a literature review on different structures and control strategies of the microgrid. The implementation of a microgrid system provides significant advantages for both electric utility and end-users. Microgrid control is one of the most sophisticated parts of such implementations that must be taken into account before moving to the next steps. The different control objectives and structures of the main grid and microgrid lead to various control methods proposed for microgrids. The hierarchical structure is the most accepted method for microgrid control that has three levels including primary, secondary, and tertiary. The focus of this study will be on the main modes of typical microgrids, types of microgrid and how to control them. The investigation of this paper will give an overview to the readers, and in our next paper, we will focus more deeply on the subject, with a specific concentration on the concept of secondary control and corresponding trending methods.

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Havelaar, A. H. « Comment on “Use of Salmonella typhimurium WG49 to enumerate male-specific coliphages in an estuary and a watershed subject to nonpoint pollution” by M. Rhodes and H. Kator, Wat. Res. 25, 1315–1323 (1991) ». Water Research 26, n^o 5 (mai 1992) : 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(92)90248-3.

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Butt, Jemil, Andreas Wieser, Zan Gojcic et Caifa Zhou. « Machine learning and geodesy : A survey ». Journal of Applied Geodesy 15, n^o 2 (20 février 2021) : 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2020-0043.

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Abstract The goal of classical geodetic data analysis is often to estimate distributional parameters like expected values and variances based on measurements that are subject to uncertainty due to unpredictable environmental effects and instrument specific noise. Its traditional roots and focus on analytical solutions at times require strong prior assumptions regarding problem specification and underlying probability distributions that preclude successful application in practical cases for which the goal is not regression in presence of Gaussian noise. Machine learning methods are more flexible with respect to assumed regularity of the input and the form of the desired outputs and allow for nonparametric stochastic models at the cost of substituting easily analyzable closed form solutions by numerical schemes. This article aims at examining common grounds of geodetic data analysis and machine learning and showcases applications of algorithms for supervised and unsupervised learning to tasks concerned with optimal estimation, signal separation, danger assessment and design of measurement strategies that occur frequently and naturally in geodesy.

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Hassouna, Fady M. A. « Evaluation of Pedestrian Walking Speed Change Patterns at Crosswalks in Palestine ». Open Transportation Journal 14, n^o 1 (29 avril 2020) : 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802014010044.

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Background: Pedestrians and vehicles are the two most important elements in designing roads and highways. However, for a long time, the designer focused on vehicle issues and did not give sufficient attention to pedestrian safety. Recently though, pedestrians have become the subject of much research and many studies. Moreover, most transportation codes include specific considerations and standards for pedestrians. One of the main pedestrian issues considered in facilities and traffic signal design is pedestrian walking speed. It is, therefore, necessary to evaluate the walking speed change patterns at crosswalks and the appropriate design walking speed for pedestrians, which can then be used to design pedestrian facilities and traffic signals. Methods: In this study, the crossing speeds of 4,301 pedestrians were collected from six different locations in Nablus, the second-most populous city in Palestine. Three of these locations were at unsignalized crosswalks, and the other three locations were at signalized crosswalks. Results: The collected data considered the factors of pedestrians’ age, gender and the type of traffic control at the crosswalk. After analyzing the collected data and performing the Z-test and ANOVA Test for each of the factors, the results showed that male pedestrians walk faster than female pedestrians. Conclusion: The study also concluded that age significantly influenced pedestrian crossing speed. Moreover, the values of pedestrian crossing speed at unsignalized crosswalks were insignificantly higher than those at signalized crosswalks. Finally, the average and 15th percentile crossing speeds were determined, since these values are critical to design pedestrian facilities and traffic signals.

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Fitzsimons, Kathleen, Aleksandra Kalinowska, Julius P. Dewald et Todd D. Murphey. « Task-based hybrid shared control for training through forceful interaction ». International Journal of Robotics Research 39, n^o 9 (16 juin 2020) : 1138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364920933654.

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Despite the fact that robotic platforms can provide both consistent practice and objective assessments of users over the course of their training, there are relatively few instances where physical human–robot interaction has been significantly more effective than unassisted practice or human-mediated training. This article describes a hybrid shared control robot, which enhances task learning through kinesthetic feedback. The assistance assesses user actions using a task-specific evaluation criterion and selectively accepts or rejects them at each time instant. Through two human subject studies (total [Formula: see text]), we show that this hybrid approach of switching between full transparency and full rejection of user inputs leads to increased skill acquisition and short-term retention compared with unassisted practice. Moreover, we show that the shared control paradigm exhibits features previously shown to promote successful training. It avoids user passivity by only rejecting user actions and allowing failure at the task. It improves performance during assistance, providing meaningful task-specific feedback. It is sensitive to initial skill of the user and behaves as an “assist-as-needed” control scheme, adapting its engagement in real time based on the performance and needs of the user. Unlike other successful algorithms, it does not require explicit modulation of the level of impedance or error amplification during training and it is permissive to a range of strategies because of its evaluation criterion. We demonstrate that the proposed hybrid shared control paradigm with a task-based minimal intervention criterion significantly enhances task-specific training.

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Meerstein-Kessel, Lisette, Jeron Venhuizen, Daniel Garza, Nicholas I. Proellochs, Emma J. Vos, Joshua M. Obiero, Philip L. Felgner et al. « Novel insights from the Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite-specific proteome by probabilistic integration of 26 studies ». PLOS Computational Biology 17, n^o 4 (30 avril 2021) : e1008067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008067.

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Plasmodium species, the causative agent of malaria, have a complex life cycle involving two hosts. The sporozoite life stage is characterized by an extended phase in the mosquito salivary glands followed by free movement and rapid invasion of hepatocytes in the human host. This transmission stage has been the subject of many transcriptomics and proteomics studies and is also targeted by the most advanced malaria vaccine. We applied Bayesian data integration to determine which proteins are not only present in sporozoites but are also specific to that stage. Transcriptomic and proteomic Plasmodium data sets from 26 studies were weighted for how representative they are for sporozoites, based on a carefully assembled gold standard for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) proteins known to be present or absent during the sporozoite life stage. Of 5418 Pf genes for which expression data were available at the RNA level or at the protein level, 975 were identified as enriched in sporozoites and 90 specific to them. We show that Pf sporozoites are enriched for proteins involved in type II fatty acid synthesis in the apicoplast and GPI anchor synthesis, but otherwise appear metabolically relatively inactive in the salivary glands of mosquitos. Newly annotated hypothetical sporozoite-specific and sporozoite-enriched proteins highlight sporozoite-specific functions. They include PF3D7_0104100 that we identified to be homologous to the prominin family, which in human has been related to a quiescent state of cancer cells. We document high levels of genetic variability for sporozoite proteins, specifically for sporozoite-specific proteins that elicit antibodies in the human host. Nevertheless, we can identify nine relatively well-conserved sporozoite proteins that elicit antibodies and that together can serve as markers for previous exposure. Our understanding of sporozoite biology benefits from identifying key pathways that are enriched during this life stage. This work can guide studies of molecular mechanisms underlying sporozoite biology and potential well-conserved targets for marker and drug development.

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