Bibliographies thématiques / Modelli ex vivo

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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Modelli ex vivo »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 9 mars 2023
Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Modelli ex vivo"

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ZORBOZAN, Orçun, Mehmet HARMAN, Vedat EVREN, Mümin Alper ERDOĞAN, Aslı KILAVUZ, Varol TUNALI, İbrahim ÇAVUŞ, Özlem YILMAZ, Ahmet ÖZBİLGİN et Nevin TURGAY. « Glia Hücrelerinin Antimona Dirençli Leishmania tropica ile Enfekte Edilmesi : Yeni Bir ex-vivo Modeli ». Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 52, no 1 (15 janvier 2018) : 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/mb.66350.

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Köhrmann, K., J. Bensemann, F. Kahmann, A. Weber, J. Florian, Ch Bührle, J. Teubner, J. Rassweiler et P. Alken. « Die stoßwellen-induzierte Gefäßläsion am Ex-vivo-Modell der isolierten, perfundierten Schweineniere ». Aktuelle Urologie 25, no 05 (septembre 1994) : 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1058243.

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Stadlbauer, C., S. Golovchenko, L. Englert, M. Spaeth, M. Hoenicka, H. S. Hofmann et M. Ried. « Organbadversuche an humanen Pulmonalgefäßen : Beurteilung der Medikamentenwirkung zur Behandlung der pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie ». Pneumologie 75, no 05 (20 janvier 2021) : 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1332-6892.

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ZusammenfassungIn der Therapie der pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie (PAH) kommen zahlreiche Medikamentenklassen zum Einsatz, u. a. Endothelinrezeptorantagonisten (ERA) und Phosphodiesterase-5-(PDE-5-)Inhibitoren. In einem humanen Ex-vivo-Modell sollte überprüft werden, ob durch die Kombination zweier Substanzklassen ein höherer Effekt erzielt werden kann oder – bei gleichem Effekt – eine niedrigere Dosierung der Einzelsubstanzen ausreicht. Wir etablierten ein Organbadmodell, welches uns die In-vitro-Untersuchung der dosisabhängigen Effekte von ERA und PDE-5-Inhibitoren auf die durch Norepinephrin und Endothelin-1 induzierte Kontraktilität humaner Pulmonalgefäße sowie den Vergleich von Mono- und Dualtherapie ermöglichte. Auch wenn die Übertragung der Ex-vivo-Daten auf die Situation im Patienten mit Vorsicht erfolgen muss, so hat sich das Organbad dennoch als hilfreiches Instrument zur Evaluation der dosisabhängigen Effekte von ERA, PDE-5-Inhibitoren und deren Kombination erwiesen. Die Wirksamkeit der Kombinationstherapie und das Potenzial zur Dosisreduktion waren in diesem Modell abhängig von den verwendeten Konzentrationen und vom Einfluss der Vorerkrankungen auf die Blutgefäßfunktion. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die bisherigen und wichtigsten Ergebnisse unserer experimentellen Untersuchungen und gibt einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Projekte.
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Kirschbaum, A., T. Sasse et E. Palade. « Berstdrücke an der zentralen Pulmonalarterie nach bipolarer Gefäßversiegelung – Untersuchungen an einem Ex-vivo-Modell ». Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 139, no 03 (7 janvier 2014) : 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1350858.

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Ahmadli, G., R. Schnabel, A. Jokuszies, P. Vogt, U. Zier et U. Mirastschijski. « Einfluss von Mars- und Mondstaubanaloga auf die Wundheilung humaner Haut im ex-vivo Modell ». Handchirurgie · Mikrochirurgie · Plastische Chirurgie 46, no 06 (20 novembre 2014) : 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1394419.

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Zokai, K., L. Piazolo, T. Fenyvesy, U. Hoffmann, G. Huhle et J. Harenberg. « Wirkung von Thrombininhibitoren auf ein humanes, experimentelles Thrombosemodell zur Vermeidung von Tierversuchen ». Hämostaseologie 20, no 04 (2000) : 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1619493.

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ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklungen neuer Antithrombotika mit Wirkung auf das Gerinnungssystem oder die Rezeptoren der Thrombozyten stellen einen wichtigen Schwerpunkt in der medizinischen Forschung dar. Im Rahmen dieser Entwicklungsprojekte sind die Ergebnisse zur Wirksamkeit in Thrombosemodellen am Tier von entscheidender Bedeutung. Ihre Übertragbarkeit auf den Menschen wird jedoch kritisch beurteilt. In einem Ex-vivo-Thrombosemodell mit humanem Vollblut wurden daher zunächst die Dosisabhängigkeit von Thrombininhibitoren geprüft, um die Aussagefähigkeit des Modells zu belegen.
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Di Lullo, A. M., M. Scorza, F. Amato, M. Comegna, V. Raia, L. Maiuri, G. Ilardi, E. Cantone, G. Castaldo et M. Iengo. « An “ex vivo model” contributing to the diagnosis and evaluation of new drugs in cystic fibrosis ». Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 37, no 3 (juin 2017) : 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-1328.

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La fibrosi cistica (FC) è una malattia autosomica recessiva causata da mutazioni nel gene CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator). Finora sono state descritte circa 2000 mutazioni, ma per la maggior parte di esse è difficile definirne l’effetto senza complesse procedure in vitro. Abbiamo effettuato il campionamento (mediante brushing), la cultura e l’analisi di cellule epiteliali nasali umane (HNEC) utilizzando una serie di tecniche che possono aiutare a testare l’effetto delle mutazioni CFTR. Abbiamo eseguito 50 brushing da pazienti FC e controlli, e in 45 casi si è ottenuta una coltura positiva. Utilizzando cellule in coltura: i) abbiamo dimostrato l’espressione ampiamente eterogenea del CFTR nei pazienti e nei controlli; ii) abbiamo definito l’effetto di splicing di una mutazione sul gene CFTR; iii) abbiamo valutato l’attività di gating di CFTR in pazienti portatori di differenti mutazioni; iv) abbiamo dimostrato che il butirrato migliora in modo significativo l’espressione di CFTR. I dati provenienti dal nostro studio sperimentale dimostrano che l’uso del modello ex-vivo di cellule epiteliali nasali è un importante e valido strumento di ricerca e di diagnosi nella studio della FC e può anche essere mirato alla sperimentazione ed alla verifica di nuovi farmaci. In definitiva, in base ai nostri dati è possibile esprimere le seguenti conclusioni: 1) il prelievo delle cellule epiteliali nasali mediante brushing è applicabile senza alcuna anestesia ed è ben tollerato da tutti i pazienti affetti da FC (bambini e adulti), è scarsamente invasivo e facilmente ripetibile, è anche in grado di ottenere una sufficiente quantità di HNECs rappresentative, ben conservate, idonee allo studio della funzionalità di CFTR; 2) la conservazione delle cellule prelevate è possibile fino a 48 ore prima che si provveda all’allestimento della coltura e ciò permette di avviare studi multicentrici con prelievi in ogni sede e quindi di ottenere una ampia numerosità campionaria; 3) la coltura di cellule epiteliali nasali può essere considerata un modello adatto a studiare l’effetto molecolare di nuove mutazioni del gene CFTR e/o mutazioni specifiche di pazienti “carriers” dal significato incerto; 4) il modello ex-vivo delle HNECs consente inoltre di valutare, prima dell’impiego nell’uomo, l’effetto di farmaci (potenziatori e/o correttori) sulle cellule di pazienti portatori di mutazioni specifiche di CFTR; tali farmaci possono modulare l’espressione genica del canale CFTR aprendo così nuove frontiere terapeutiche e migliori prospettive di vita per pazienti affetti da una patologia cronica come la Fibrosi Cistica; 5) la metodologia da noi istituita risulta essere idonea alla misura quantitativa, mediante fluorescenza, dell’attività di gating del canale CFTR presente nelle membrane delle cellule epiteliali nasali prelevate da pazienti portatori di differenti genotipi; in tal modo è possibile individuare: a) pazienti FC portatori di 2 mutazioni gravi con un’attività < 10% (in rapporto ai controlli -100%), b) soggetti FC portatori contemporaneamente di una mutazione grave e di una lieve con un’attività tra 10-30%, c) i cosiddetti portatori “carriers”- eterozigoti - con un’attività tra 40-70%. In conclusione la possibilità di misurare l’attività del canale CFTR in HNECs fornisce un importante contributo alla diagnosi di FC, mediante individuazione di un “cut-off diagnostico”, ed anche alla previsione della gravità fenotipica della malattia; quindi quanto rilevabile dalla misura del suddetto canale permette di prospettare per il futuro la possibilità di valutare meglio i pazienti per i quali il test del sudore ha dato risultati ambigui (borderline o negativi). La metodica da noi sperimentata consente anche di monitorare i pazienti durante il trattamento farmacologico, valutando in tal modo i reali effetti delle nuove terapie.
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Jayachandran, Priya, Maria Garcia-Cremades, Katarina Vučićević, Namandjé N. Bumpus, Peter Anton, Craig Hendrix et Radojka Savić. « A Mechanistic In Vivo / Ex Vivo Pharmacokinetic‐Pharmacodynamic Model of Tenofovir for HIV Prevention ». CPT : Pharmacometrics & ; Systems Pharmacology 10, no 3 (6 février 2021) : 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12583.

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Kirschbaum, A., C. Rössler, P. Rexin, T. Steinfeldt, D. Bartsch et N. Mirow. « Bipolare Versiegelung von Lungenvenen mit einem 5- und -10-mm-Instrument – Bestimmung der Berstdrücke an einem Ex-vivo-Modell ». Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 141, no 03 (30 mars 2016) : 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-100815.

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Berny, Michelle A., Ishan A. Patel, Tara C. White-Adams, Patrick Simonson, András Gruber, Sandra Rugonyi et Owen J. T. McCarty. « Rational Design of an Ex Vivo Model of Thrombosis ». Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering 3, no 2 (9 février 2010) : 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12195-010-0103-5.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Modelli ex vivo"

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METO, AIDA. « Approcci innovativi per studi sui patogeni del cavo orale : modelli di studio in vitro ed ex vivo ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1246163.

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Negli ultimi anni, sono stati proposti nuovi composti/strumenti per mantenere la salute orale e/o per trattare diversi problemi dentali/parodontali. Come è noto, la carie dentale si pone tra le infezioni più diffuse ed una sua gestione impropria comporta lo sviluppo di malattie rilevanti ed eventualmente all'estrazione dell’elemento dentale. Una vasta letteratura documenta il ruolo patogenetico di diversi microorganismi che sono in grado di persistere nel cavo orale, in quanto capaci di organizzandosi come comunità microbica eterogenea (comprendente batteri, virus e funghi), adesa alle diverse superfici, strettamente racchiusa in una matrice polimerica di origine polisaccaridica. Tale comunità sessile, che se adesa ai denti è detta placca dentale, è notoriamente refrattaria non solo alle comuni procedure di pulizia con collutori e dentifrici/spazzolini, ma anche ai farmaci antimicrobici e alle difese immunitarie dell'ospite. Questo scenario si complica ulteriormente considerando che l’ampio uso di attacchi fissi o rimovibili nei trattamenti ortodontici espande la problematica e la conseguente sfida clinica, essendo tali dispositivi un ulteriore habitat utile per l'adesione microbica, la crescita e la formazione di biofilm. In misura simile, i pazienti con impianti dentali possono sviluppare localmente malattie legate alla produzione di biofilm impianto-associato, consentendo la progressione clinica verso quadri di perimucosite o perimplantite infettiva. Da qui, sorge la necessità di strumenti/composti innovativi per facilitare la rimozione di microrganismi potenzialmente patogeni e il mantenimento dell'omeostasi del cavo orale. Oltre ai patogeni orali più noti, tra cui il gruppo Streptococcus mutans e il "complesso rosso" dei bacilli anaerobi Gram-negativi, anche Candida albicans (C. albicans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) possono essere agenti eziologici di malattie orali. Il primo germe, spesso ospitato come commensale delle mucose sane, è il principale patogeno fungino coinvolto nella mucosite orale. Gli altri due sono patogeni molto subdoli, responsabili di malattie ad ampio spettro; considerati i loro numerosi fattori di virulenza e l’ampia farmaco-resistenza, S. aureus e P. aeruginosa sono ampiamente utilizzati per studi in vitro come preziosi prototipi di patogeni Gram-positivi e Gram-negativi. Lo scopo della presente tesi era di valutare in vitro ed ex vivo l'efficacia antimicrobica e antibiofilm di approcci innovativi contro i patogeni orali. Questa tesi ha fornito prove in vitro ed ex vivo sull'efficacia antimicrobica di composti nuovi e tradizionali per la cura e l’igiene del cavo orale, da cui possono derivare in prospettiva scelte più razionali e consapevoli. Ad esempio, un nuovo utilizzo del prodotto endodontico Cupral potrebbe essere proposto nelle pratiche di igiene quotidiana, così come potrebbe essere privilegiato il trattamento delle peri-implantiti con il sistema Bic-40, vista la sua particolare efficacia nella pulizia e nella decontaminazione di superfici lisce e ruvide in titanio, senza influire sulla vitalità delle cellule staminali dell’ospite. Inoltre, il nostro lavoro ha aggiunto nuove conoscenze sulle proprietà antimicrobiche di un composto naturale come la propoli e sui suoi possibili meccanismi d'azione, offrendo nuove opportunità nella ricerca di molecole antimicrobiche alternative. Infine, abbiamo dimostrato che il dentifricio e la gomma Biorepair Peribioma possono influenzare profondamente il comportamento dei microorganismi del cavo orale, a favore di condizioni utili al mantenimento dello stato di salute di questo distretto anatomico. Questo lavoro ha fornito nuove evidenze su come contrastare i patogeni, particolarmente se produttori di biofilm; facilitando il disegno di strategie mirate per la prevenzione e/o il trattamento delle infezioni dentali e orali associate al biofilm.
During recent years, novel compounds/tools are being proposed to maintain oral health and/or to treat dental/periodontal problems. As well known, dental caries are among the most diffused infections and their improper management turns towards relevant disease(s) and eventually tooth extraction. Extensive literature documents the pathogenic role of certain microorganisms and their ability to persist in the oral cavity, as a complex microbial community, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, tightly enclosed in a polymeric matrix of polysaccharide origin. Such sessile community, and particularly dental plaque, the first deeply studied human-associated biofilm, is notoriously refractory not only to common cleaning procedures by mouthwashes and tooth-pastes/brushes, but also to antimicrobial drugs and host immune defenses. This scenario becomes further complicated considering that the widely diffused orthodontic treatments, with fixed or removal brackets, extend the clinical challenge, being such devices an additional good habitat for microbial adhesion, growth and biofilm formation. To a similar extent, patients with dental implants may locally develop biofilm-related diseases, allowing clinical progression toward pathogen-related peri-mucositis or peri-implantitis. From here, the need arises for innovative tools/compounds to facilitate microbial removal and maintenance of oral cavity homeostasis. Besides the most investigated oral pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans-group and the “red complex” Gram-negative anaerobe bacilli, also Candida albicans (C. albicans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) may occur as causative agent of oral diseases. The first, often harbored as commensal of healthy mucosae, is the main fungal pathogen involved in oral mucositis. The latter two are subtle pathogens, responsible of wide-spectrum diseases; they are being extensively used for in vitro studies, because of their numerous virulence factors and wide-spectrum antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the present thesis was to evaluate in vitro and ex vivo, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of innovative approaches against oral pathogens. Our data provided in vitro and ex vivo evidence on the antimicrobial efficacy of several dental-care compounds. A novel use of the endodontic product Cupral could be proposed in daily hygiene practices. The Bic-40 treatment was shown as the best approach in cleaning smooth and rough titanium surfaces (without altering their properties); importantly, its device-decontamination efficacy did not affect the biological properties of reparative stem cells. Furthermore, our work added new insights on the anti-microbial properties of a natural compound, such as propolis, and on its possible mechanisms of action. At last, we showed that the Biorepair Peribioma toothpaste and gum deeply affected oral microorganisms’ behavior, drastically impairing their ability to contaminate and produce plaque onto orthodontic devices; interestingly, replacement by beneficial microorganisms was observed. The overall take-home message from this research is that basic science may greatly increase our knowledge on how to counteract biofilm-producing pathogens; in turn, this will facilitate prevention and/or treatment of dental and oral biofilm-associated infections, making a huge difference in terms of health promotion.
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BAZZINI, CHIARA. « STUDY OF MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND NEW STRATEGIES AGAINST A CYTOTOXICITY AND NEUROINFLAMMATION IN EX VIVO CELLULAR MODELS FROM ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATIENTS ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/306480.

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La malattia di Alzheimer (AD) rappresenta una delle principali problematiche per la salute pubblica ed è stata identificata come una priorità per la ricerca. Le due caratteristiche patologiche fondamentali della malattia sono le placche amiloidi e i grovigli neuro fibrillari che sono alla base della neuroinfiammazione e del deterioramento cognitivo.Le forme solubili degli oligomeri sono la specie più tossica della β-amiloide (Aβ) e interagiscono con diverse chinasi proteiche coinvolte nella trasduzione del segnale intracellulare come Ras/MAPK e PI3K/AKT che regolano molti processi cellulari e funzioni cognitive, e alcuni meccanismi molecolari coinvolti nella degenerazione neuronale, come l'iperfosforilazione di tau e l'eccitotossicità del glutammato. Negli ultimi anni molta attenzione è stata focalizzata sull'utilizzo di composti naturali come agenti neuroprotettivi. Il luppolo (Humulus Lupulus) contiene flavonoidi, molecole aromatiche che hanno proprietà antiossidanti e antinfiammatorie. È stato dimostrato che l'estratto di luppolo ha effetti antiaggreganti sull’Aβ e sembra impedire la sua produzione nelle cellule in coltura. L'accumulo di Aβ induce anche l'attivazione della proteina 3 del recettore Nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) dell’inflammosoma e il conseguente rilascio di citochine proinfiammatorie, il quale svolge un ruolo fondamentale nella neuroinfiammazione associata all'AD. NLRP3 attivato induce la produzione e il rilascio di mediatori infiammatori, tra cui i complessi proteici ASC (ASC specks), IL-1β e IL-18, che facilitano la deposizione di Aβ in un ciclo che si auto alimenta. Impedire l’assemblaggio e l'attivazione del complesso dell’inflammosoma potrebbe essere una possibile strategia per la terapia dell'AD. L'obiettivo generale di questo studio è quello di indagare i meccanismi molecolari coinvolti nelle malattie neurodegenerative e nella neuroinfiammazione utilizzando modelli cellulari periferici ex vivo di AD.Al fine di caratterizzare le interazioni Aβ e vie di trasduzione del segnale MAPK e AKT, abbiamo utilizzato fibroblasti di pazienti AD sporadici con diversa gravità della malattia. Per valutare i meccanismi molecolari che potrebbero prevenire o modulare la tossicità indotta da Aβ, sono stati studiati anche i potenziali effetti citoprotettivi dell'estratto di luppolo e il relativo signaling intracellulare. Inoltre, è stato dato particolare interesse alla via di attivazione del NLRP3-infiammasoma. Abbiamo studiato il coinvolgimento dell'attivazione di NLRP3 sulle vie MAPK e AKT e sui loro bersagli a valle, utilizzando una combinazione di studi in vitro e di campioni ottenuti dai pazienti. In particolare, abbiamo utilizzato monociti umani THP-1 di derivazione macrofagica e monociti derivati da cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico (PBMC) di soggetti sani (HC) e pazienti affetti da AD, per analizzare la modulazione autofagica e gli effetti della Stavudina (D4T), un inibitore nucleosidico della trascrittasi inversa, che riduce l'attivazione dell'inflammosoma bloccando il recettore purinergico P2X7R. Inoltre, abbiamo analizzato il pathway di attivazione dell'inflammosoma NLRP3 e il ruolo di CRID3 un inibitore selettivo, per confrontare gli effetti dell’inibizione dell’inflammosoma attraverso due pathway differenti. I monociti derivati da HC e AD sono stati differenziati in cellule microglia-like (MDMIs) e caratterizzati per l'espressione di proteine intracellulari e di superficie tipiche delle cellule mieloidi. Funzioni tipiche della microglia come il rilascio di citochine infiammatorie, la fagocitosi e la degradazione sono state valutate anche in seguito all'esposizione di attivatori dell'inflammosoma con o senza CRID3. MDMIs riflettono molte caratteristiche della microglia e sono un modello cellulare utile per comprendere la patogenesi dell'AD, identificare i target terapeutici e consentire lo screening farmacologico su larga scala dei nuovi composti per uso terapeutico.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health concern and has been identified as a priority for research in Life Science. The two core pathological hallmarks of AD are extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles which underlie microglial and neuronal damage, neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Soluble oligomers are the most toxic species of β-amyloid (Aβ) and interact with several protein kinases such as Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, which regulate many cellular processes and cognitive functions. These pathways mediate Aβ toxicity, regulating some molecular mechanisms involved in neuronal degeneration such as cytoskeletal impairment, glutamate excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. In the last years much attention has been focused on the potential role of natural compounds as neuroprotective agents. Hop (Humulus Lupulus) contains flavonoids, aromatic molecules which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. In fact, hop extract has anti-aggregating effects on Aβ, and it seems to prevent its production in cultured cells. Aβ induces also the activation of the pattern recognition receptor Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex in microglia and the consequent release of proinflammatory cytokines, playing a pivotal role in AD-associated neuroinflammation. NLRP3 activation results in the release of inflammatory mediators, including ASC protein complexes (ASC specks), IL-1β and IL-18, that facilitate Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation in a self-feeding pathogenic loop. Since specific therapeutical strategies are still lacking, the dampening of the inflammasome assembly and activation could be a new strategy for AD. The overall focus of this study is to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases and in neuroinflammation, using peripheral ex vivo cellular models from AD, to check new potential therapeutical targets. In order to characterize the complex interactions among Aβ, MAPK and AKT signaling, we used fibroblasts from sporadic AD patients with different disease severity. To evaluate any molecular mechanisms that could prevent or modulate Aβ-induced toxicity, the potential cytoprotective effects of Hop extract and related intracellular signaling were also investigated. Fibroblasts provide a useful cellular model for studying AD, since they could be differentiated into patient-specific neural cell lines, using iPSC technologies. Moreover, particular interest was given to NLRP3-inflammasome activation pathway. We investigated the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome activation on intracellular pathways and their downstream targets, using a combination of in vitro studies and patient-derived samples. In particular, we used macrophage-derived THP-1 human monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-derived monocytes from healthy control (HC) subjects and AD patients, to analyse phagocytosis, autophagy and apoptosis modulation and the effects of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor Stavudine (D4T), that reduces NLRP3 inflammasome activation blocking the purinergic receptor P2X7R. Furthermore, we analyzed the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and the role of the selective NLRP3 inhibitor CRID3, to compare the effects of inflammasome inhibition through two different mechanisms. At this purpose, HC and AD-derived monocytes were differentiated into microglia-like cells (MDMIs) and characterized for myeloid surface and intracellular proteins expression. Key microglia functions such as inflammatory cytokines release, Aβ phagocytosis and degradation were evaluated upon exposure to NLRP3 inflammasome activators with or without CRID3. MDMIs reflected many features of microglia and, as fibroblasts-derived iPSCs, they are attractive cellular models helpful to understand AD pathogenesis, identify therapeutic targets and allow large-scale drug screening of the novel therapeutic candidates.
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BASTIOLI, GUENDALINA. « Studio dei meccanismi neurotossici coinvolti nella neurodegenerazione indotta da mutazione Lrrk2 o da α-sinucleina in modelli ex-vivo o in vitro di malattia di Parkison ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/253148.

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Studio dei meccanismi neurotossici coinvolti nella neurodegenerazione indotta da mutazione Lrrk2 o da α-sinucleina in modelli ex-vivo o in vitro di malattia di Parkison La malattia di Parkinson (PD) è una malattia neurodegenerativa multifattoriale caratterizzata dalla degenerazione dei neuroni dopaminergici della substantia nigra. Tra le anomalie genetiche identificate nella malattia di Parkinson (PD), le mutazioni del gene della ripetizione della leucina kinase2 (Lrrk2), come la mutazione missenso G2019S legata all'aumento dell'attività della chinasi, sono le più comuni. Mentre il complesso ruolo di Lrrk2 non è stato completamente chiarito, sono state riportate evidenze che l'attività della chinasi mutata influenza la trasmissione sinaptica. L'iperattivazione del dominio della chinasi di Lrrk2 potrebbe rappresentare un fattore predisponente sia per il rilascio glutammatergico striatale potenziato sia per la vulnerabilità mitocondriale ai fattori ambientali osservati nel PD. Per indagare su possibili alterazioni della suscettibilità striatale alla disfunzione mitocondriale, abbiamo eseguito registrazioni elettrofisiologiche dal nucleo striato di un modello di PD Lrrk2 G2019S, e inoltre abbiamo indagato su possibili alterazioni precoci della neurotrasmissione prodotta dalla mutazione Lrrk2 di G2019S nel PD. Un altro fattore genetico è la presenza di inclusioni intracellulari denominate corpi di Lewy costituiti da aggregati α-Synuclein (α-Syn). Diversi studi hanno dimostrato che l'accumulo di α-Syn nei neuroni dopaminergici umani riduce l'attività del complesso I mitocondriale, aumenta la produzione di specie reattive dell'ossigeno e provoca cambiamenti dei livelli di Ca2+. Lo scambiatore Na+/Ca2+ (NCX) è un importante regolatore delle concentrazioni di Ca2+ citoplasmatiche e mitocondriali. Abbiamo quindi studiato il possibile ruolo svolto da NCX nella tossicità mitocondriale in un modello in vitro del PD precoce. Abbiamo trovato che in G2019S-Lrrk2 (KI), mentre la trasmissione glutamatergica spontanea basale, facilitazione sinaptica e rapporti NMDA / AMPA erano invariati, la stimolazione del recettore DA D2 da parte del quinpirolo ha ridotto le correnti postsinaptiche eccitatorie spontanee ed evocate (EPSC). E anche che la stimolazione del recettore D2 ha avuto un effetto neuroprotettivo sulla funzione mitocondriale. Mentre l'inibizione di mNCX esercita un effetto protettivo sul danno neuronale in un modello di PD precoce.
Studio dei meccanismi neurotossici coinvolti nella neurodegenerazione indotta da mutazione Lrrk2 o da α-sinucleina in modelli ex-vivo o in vitro di malattia di Parkison La malattia di Parkinson (PD) è una malattia neurodegenerativa multifattoriale caratterizzata dalla degenerazione dei neuroni dopaminergici della substantia nigra. Tra le anomalie genetiche identificate nella malattia di Parkinson (PD), le mutazioni del gene della ripetizione della leucina kinase2 (Lrrk2), come la mutazione missenso G2019S legata all'aumento dell'attività della chinasi, sono le più comuni. Mentre il complesso ruolo di Lrrk2 non è stato completamente chiarito, sono state riportate evidenze che l'attività della chinasi mutata influenza la trasmissione sinaptica. L'iperattivazione del dominio della chinasi di Lrrk2 potrebbe rappresentare un fattore predisponente sia per il rilascio glutammatergico striatale potenziato sia per la vulnerabilità mitocondriale ai fattori ambientali osservati nel PD. Per indagare su possibili alterazioni della suscettibilità striatale alla disfunzione mitocondriale, abbiamo eseguito registrazioni elettrofisiologiche dal nucleo striato di un modello di PD Lrrk2 G2019S, e inoltre abbiamo indagato su possibili alterazioni precoci della neurotrasmissione prodotta dalla mutazione Lrrk2 di G2019S nel PD. Un altro fattore genetico è la presenza di inclusioni intracellulari denominate corpi di Lewy costituiti da aggregati α-Synuclein (α-Syn). Diversi studi hanno dimostrato che l'accumulo di α-Syn nei neuroni dopaminergici umani riduce l'attività del complesso I mitocondriale, aumenta la produzione di specie reattive dell'ossigeno e provoca cambiamenti dei livelli di Ca2+. Lo scambiatore Na+/Ca2+ (NCX) è un importante regolatore delle concentrazioni di Ca2+ citoplasmatiche e mitocondriali. Abbiamo quindi studiato il possibile ruolo svolto da NCX nella tossicità mitocondriale in un modello in vitro del PD precoce. Abbiamo trovato che in G2019S-Lrrk2 (KI), mentre la trasmissione glutamatergica spontanea basale, facilitazione sinaptica e rapporti NMDA / AMPA erano invariati, la stimolazione del recettore DA D2 da parte del quinpirolo ha ridotto le correnti postsinaptiche eccitatorie spontanee ed evocate (EPSC). E anche che la stimolazione del recettore D2 ha avuto un effetto neuroprotettivo sulla funzione mitocondriale. Mentre l'inibizione di mNCX esercita un effetto protettivo sul danno neuronale in un modello di PD precoce.
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Calo', R. « STUDIO DEI MECCANISMI DI DANNO DA RAGGI UVA E UVB E DEGLI EFFETTI PROTETTIVI DA PARTE DI COMPOSTI POLIFENOLICI IN SISTEMI CELLULARI E MODELLI EX VIVO DI CUTE UMANA ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/244829.

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Sun radiation consists of several spectrum regions, depending on the wavelengths, such as ultraviolet, visible and infrared portions. The ultraviolet rays (UV) are associated with both positive and negative effects on humans’ health. Ultraviolet light is used in the process of disinfection, it shows immunoregolatory activity and it stimulates vitamin D and serotonin production. It is well known that artificial sources of UVR are employed in the health field for sterilization procedures and for therapeutical purposes, such as treatment of dermatological pathologies like psoriasis, vitiligo and icterus neonatorum, as well as for aesthetic purposes (sunbed). In the last decade, besides these positive effects, UV side effects on skin have been demonstrated by different studies which correlated the intense and prolonged exposure to UV light with skin cancer development. Based on wavelength, UV spectrum can be divided into three segments: UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (280-320 nm) and UVC (100-280 nm). Radiation in the UVC range, considered to be the most cytotoxic and harmful, is largely absorbed by the stratospheric ozone layer, so UV regions mainly involved in photocancerogenesis development are considered to be ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) and ultraviolet radiation B (UVB). The amount and the UVA/UVB ratio that reach the Earth’s surface is influenced by a lot of environmental factors as latitude, seasons, weather/atmospheric conditions and the time of day. UVA is by far the most abundant solar UV radiation that reaches the Earth (about 90-95% of total UV radiation), penetrates the human epidermis down to the proliferative basal cells and even further to the derma and mediate biological events generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. ROS oxide other cellular constituents, particularly carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and DNA. Interactions between ROS and DNA induce formation of single strand breaks (SSBs), DNA-proteins crosslink and oxidized bases. The most abundant oxidized base is the guanine that produces the 8-oxoguanine, considered as promoter of carcinogenesis. UVB represents only 5% of total UV radiation that reaches the Earth. Besides it acts mainly at the epidermis basal layer of the skin, it is considered extremely damaging because of its high energy. UVB photons are directly absorbed by DNA and cause the formation of cyclobutane pyrimide dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs), which in turn can lead to apoptotic events or carcinogenesis development. Also tryptophan and tyrosine are modified by UVB inducing the alteration of structure and function of proteins. Moreover, UVB is able to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitric species (RNS). Cells have developed defense mechanisms and endogenous repair systems in order to reduce genotoxic damage UV-induced: complexes of antioxidant enzymes which take advantage of the presence of a metal to inactivate reactive oxygen species, and DNA repair systems like the base excision repair system (BER), used for oxidized bases, and the nucleotide excision repair (NER), used to repair photolesions like CPD and 6-4 PP. Recently, several molecules have been studied for their ability to give a contribution to these antioxidant defenses. For these reasons, there is a considerable interest in the concept of the use of phytochemicals and micronutrients present in the diet such as carotenoids, vitamin E and C, and polyphenols. This last group of compounds are well known for their several biological properties, such as their antioxidant activity, their ability to enhance the activity of DNA repair systems and also their skills in inflammatory and apoptotic events modulations. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated their biological effects and their efficiency in the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases like cardiovascular, respiratory, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases and cancer. So, in view of these reasons, the aim of my study was double: first, to confirm literature data regarding the different mechanisms used by UVA and UVB rays to cause damage in various models, then to investigate whether different plant-derivatives compounds, all belonging to the pholiphenols category, were able to prevent UVA- and UVB-induced damage. I reproduced the experiments on in vitro and ex vivo models. In vitro models consist of two human keratinocytes cell lines (HaCaT and NCTC 2544 cells), generally used for routine toxicological tests and photogenotoxic evaluations. Both cell lines are non tumorigenic, but showed a different degree of differentiation, higher in HaCaT cells compared to NCTC 2544. The ex vivo model consist of a three-dimensional model of organotypic human skin cultures useful to reproduce the physiological conditions. I tested the efficiency of three compounds: a water soluble extract of Bilberry only in the in vitro models (Vaccinium Myrtillus extract, rich in polyphenols and considered to be the plant with the highest content of anthocyanins), a Thymus Vulgaris leaf extract (Thyme specie) and the synthetic Thymol (its major component), used in comparable dosages, in both models. All experimental models were pretreated in serum free medium for 1 hour with each compound and then irradiated with UVA or UVB. Control samples were treated in the same way, but not UV exposed. In order to confirm mechanisms of UV damage and to compare results obtained in the experimental models, I performed several tests, each with a specific endpoint. I evaluated the intracellular redox status, quantifying the ROS formed and the lipid peroxidation (malondialdeide levels, MDA), immediately after the end of UVA and UVB exposure and only in the in vitro models; after, I performed some genotoxic tests (the alkaline comet test to detect single and double strand breaks in single cells, the immunostaining of the histone H2AX phosphorilated to detect only double strand breaks and the micronucleous test to detect alterations to mitotic apparatus or to chromosomes); finally I investigated effects of rays on apoptotic events, using the Annexin V test and evaluating the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential UV-induced. After, using this same assays, I tested the protective effect of Vaccinium Myrtillus extract, thymol and Thymus Vulgaris L. extract. Vaccinium Myrtillus’ effect was evaluated only in the in vitro models, the protection of thymol and Thymus Vulgaris L. extract in both models (in vitro and ex vivo). Results obtained confirmed the different machanisms of action of UVA and UVB in all models. Particularly, confirming the different mechanisms of damage used by UVA and UVB rays. My results showed the more oxidant UVA effect and the more genotoxic and apoptotic UVB effect. Three natural compounds showed their different protective effect against UVA- and UVB- induced damage, in in vitro models. Moreover, thymol and Thymus Vulgaris L. extract reduced damage UV-related both in the NCTC 2544 and HaCaT cell lines but also in the ex vivo model. Vaccinium Myrtillus extract, thymol and Thymus Vulgaris L. extract reduced, to a different extent, UVA-caused damage, on account of their antioxidant properties. Compounds revealed their ability to reduce also UVB-induced damage. The efficiency against UVB damage was lower compared to the one against UVA rays. Probably the protection was related with the ability of pholyphenols, and because of my compounds, to repair DNA damage UVB-induced increasing the expression of genes involved in NER system (specifically involved in UVB-induced damage repair). Vaccinium Myrtillus, thymol and Thymus Vulgaris L. extract showed also their protection in the apoptotic assays, avoiding the increase of extremely damaged cells which could lead to mutagenesis development. Results obtained in my thesis activity should be considered as preliminary data useful to investigate, in detail, mechanisms used by the three natural compounds to prevent genotoxic damage UVA- and UVB-induced. Moreover, it should be very interesting to investigate the bioavailability and the permeability of tested compounds in order to use them as food supplements for a diet enriched in antioxidants (systemic effect) or in sunscreens (topical effect).
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Saunders, John. « Ex vivo modelling of oesophago-gastric cancer ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47574/.

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Introduction The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oesophago-gastric (OG) cancer is only 40%, so over half of the patient’s disease will progress, whilst they also suffer the toxic chemotherapy side-effects. A model to predict chemotherapy response would provide a marked clinical benefit, by enabling personalised treatment of OG cancer. Methods Live chemo-naïve tumour biopsies were obtained following informed consent at staging endoscopy, before patients underwent their routine neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumour cells from the endoscopic biopsies were expanded, using an in vitro feeder layer system and supplemented medium. With ethics committee approval and under Home Office guidance, these individual patient cancer cells were engrafted into immuno-compromised mice, where they formed representative tumour xenografts. Primary patient tissue, the corresponding individual patient cancer cells and their matching xenografts were analysed using immunohistochemistry, demonstrating that the in vitro and in vivo cells had retained the characteristics of the original patient’s oesophageal adenocarcinoma. To model the human tumour micro-environment (TME), a three dimensional tumour growth assay (3D-TGA) was developed, whereby the individual patient’s primary tumour cells were grown as 3D cancer cell clusters. This was performed by seeding individual patient’s primary tumour cells within a biological basement membrane extract, rich in extracellular matrix (ECM) components, with and without human mesenchymal stem cells to provide stromal support. The individual patient cancer clusters in the 3D-TGA were subjected to detailed chemotherapeutic assessment, to quantify their chemo-sensitivity to the standard chemotherapy which was administered to the patient in the clinic. This 3D-TGA predicted chemo-sensitivity was then compared with the patient’s actual clinical chemotherapy response, as measured by the histological tumour regression grade, which directly relates to prognosis. In combination with standard platinum-based chemotherapy, the 3D-TGA was assessed as a platform for evaluating new chemotherapeutics: the novel emerging HDAC inhibitor Panobinostat, and the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor Vardenafil, which has recently been shown to be active against cancer stroma, were evaluated. Results Individual patient tumours were grown from primary endoscopic biopsy tissue in over half of samples obtained within a clinically applicable timescale of 2-4 weeks. Incorporating human mesenchymal cells into the 3D-TGA significantly changed the growth and drug resistance profiles (p < 0.005). This 3D-TGA chemo-response in the presence of stroma reflected the clinical chemo-sensitivity, with an accurate correlation between the 3D-TGA predicted chemo-resistance and actual clinical response for the patients evaluated. As well as predicting potential chemo-sensitivity for individual patients, the method allows individual drugs and combinations to be evaluated, trends in chemo-sensitivity between patients to be appraised, and analysis of the effect of the TME on tumour growth and chemotherapy resistance. Combination with Panobinostat enhanced response and proved efficacious in otherwise chemo-resistant tumours. Addition of PDE5i demonstrated an overall significantly enhanced chemotherapeutic response (p=0.003), and consequently provided efficacy in 60% of the otherwise chemo-resistant tumours. Discussion The novel method of growing individual patient OG cancers, using a 3D model with specific components of the tumour micro-environment in particular ECM and mesenchymal cells, provides a clinically-relevant oesophageal cancer model with application for chemo-sensitivity testing. Mesenchymal cells have a significant effect enhancing chemotherapy drug resistance in OG cancer, and this 3D model allowed identification of patients in which stromal targeting using PDE5i provided a significant reduction in chemotherapy drug resistance. In these patients, addition of PDE5i to routine chemotherapy could result in a marked change in the clinical efficacy of their chemotherapy regimen. The 3D model’s chemo-response accurately reflects individual patients’ clinical chemo-sensitivity and so this research has direct clinical application: if this assay proves to be predictive across a wider patient population, then following clinical trials, it could potentially be used to routinely guide individual patient therapy in the clinic, with administration of tailored chemotherapy for individual patient benefit.
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Strobel, Steffen Peter. « Die ex-vivo-Perfusion hDAF-transgener Kaninchennieren mit Humanblut : ein Modell für die humane Xenotransplantation ». Ulm : Universität Ulm, Medizinische Fakultät, 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11482174.

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Rez, Mohammed Fayez al. « Modelling and measurement of the O2-concentration for the ex vivo cultivation of cells and tissues ». Dresden TUDpress, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2960243&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Chambin, Odile. « Validation d'un modele d'absorption percutanee ex vivo : approche correlative avec des parametres in vivo ». Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOPE02.

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Steckmeier, Stephanie. « Experimentelle Evaluation der endovenösen Radiofrequenzobliteration und Lasertherapie an einem neuen ex-vivo Modell ». Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-61465.

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Gassert, Felix [Verfasser]. « Geweberegeneration in einem bovinen ex vivo-Knorpeltrauma-Modell : Analysen therapeutischer Effekte / Felix Gassert ». Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217715371/34.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Modelli ex vivo"

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Koczerka, Michaël, Isabelle Lantier, Anne Pinard, Marie Morillon, Justine Deperne, Ohad Gal-Mor, Olivier Grépinet et Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant. « In Vivo Tracking of Bacterial Colonization in Different Murine Models Using Bioluminescence : The Example of Salmonella ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 235–48. New York, NY : Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1971-1_19.

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AbstractApplications of bioluminescence for the in vivo study of pathogenic microorganisms are numerous, ranging from the quantification of virulence gene expression to measuring the effect of antimicrobial molecules on the colonization of tissues and organs by the pathogen. Most studies are performed in mice, but recent works demonstrate that this technique is applicable to larger animals like fish, guinea pigs, ferrets, and chickens. Here, we describe the construction and the utilization of a constitutively luminescent strain of Salmonella Typhimurium to monitor in vivo and ex vivo the colonization of mice in the gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, and asymptomatic carriage models of Salmonella infection.
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Kram, Wolfgang, Julia E. de la Cruz, Owen Humphreys, Noor Buchholz et Federico Soria. « Methodology for the Development and Validation of New Stent Designs : In Vitro and In Vivo Models ». Dans Urinary Stents, 159–71. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04484-7_14.

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AbstractThe urinary tract is a highly complex, dynamic and variable environment that renders the development of urinary stents extremely challenging. It is mandatory that previous to clinical trials, innovations in urinary medical devices are tested in a preclinical context. The steps of translational research in this regard include in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assessments. In this chapter, a critical review of the in vitro stent assessment models is performed, outlining briefly their strengths and weaknesses. Subsequently, a discussion concerning the available animal models for urinary stent evaluation is made with the aim of providing a critical guide for experimental preclinical evaluation of urological devices.
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Pop, Mihaela, Maxime Sermesant, Roey Flor, Charles Pierre, Tommaso Mansi, Samuel Oduneye, Jen Barry et al. « In vivo Contact EP Data and ex vivo MR-Based Computer Models : Registration and Model-Dependent Errors ». Dans Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart. Imaging and Modelling Challenges, 364–74. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36961-2_41.

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Sen, Raaghav, Neethi Chandra Thathapudi, Dhruv Sharma, Ishita Shome, Surya Pratap Singh, Obulesu Magisetty et Jaganmohan Reddy Jangamreddy. « Tumor Models of Retinoblastoma : In Vivo, Ex Vivo, and In Vitro Models ». Dans Handbook of Animal Models and its Uses in Cancer Research, 1–25. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1282-5_30-1.

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Sen, Raaghav, Neethi Chandra Thathapudi, Dhruv Sharma, Ishita Shome, Surya Pratap Singh, Obulesu Magisetty et Jaganmohan Reddy Jangamreddy. « Tumor Models of Retinoblastoma : In Vivo, Ex Vivo, and In Vitro Models ». Dans Handbook of Animal Models and its Uses in Cancer Research, 633–57. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3824-5_30.

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Frohns, A., et F. Frohns. « Safety of Water-Filtered Infrared A (wIRA) on the Eye as a Novel Treatment Option for Chlamydial Infections ». Dans Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 259–69. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_22.

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AbstractwIRA has been shown to reduce chlamydial infections in vitro and in vivo and might therefore offer an innovative therapeutic approach for fighting trachoma. However, since the eye is a highly temperature- and radiation-sensitive organ, a safety assessment of the ocular structures affected by wIRA treatment is required to establish wIRA as a potentially successful treatment option for clinical application. A prerequisite for this is to demonstrate that wIRA does not have adverse side-effects such as inducing a non-physiological temperature increase which causes cell stress and damage to ocular tissues and which, in turn, is ultimately associated with impaired vision. Likewise, the potential negative impact of non-thermal photochemical effects of wIRA irradiation needs to be investigated. Data from our ex vivo studies in pig and mouse models, as well as in vivo data in a guinea pig model, provide good evidence for the safe use of wIRA to treat chlamydial infections. These studies have excluded a non-physiological temperature rise as well as the activation of heat and stress-induced proteins after wIRA irradiation with therapy-relevant irradiances. Nevertheless, additional detailed in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to further advance the clinical use of wIRA.
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Solaipriya, S., N. Mahalakshmi, R. Prajitha et V. Sivaramakrishnan. « In Vivo, Ex Vivo, and In Vitro Models Systems for Liver Cancer Research ». Dans Handbook of Animal Models and its Uses in Cancer Research, 1–21. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1282-5_19-1.

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Solaipriya, S., N. Mahalakshmi, R. Prajitha et V. Sivaramakrishnan. « In Vivo, Ex Vivo, and In Vitro Model Systems for Liver Cancer Research ». Dans Handbook of Animal Models and its Uses in Cancer Research, 353–73. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3824-5_19.

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Machens, H. G., T. Spanholtz, A. Maichle, C. Niedworok, W. Lindenmaier, B. Stöcklhuber, F. Siemers, B. D. Krapohl et P. Mailänder. « Ein neues gentechnologisches Modell zur Angiogeneseinduktion mittels ex vivo transfizierten isogenen Fibroblasten ». Dans Zurück in die Zukunft, 554–55. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55611-1_368.

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Machens, Hans-Günther, T. Spanholtz, A. Maichle, C. Niedworok, W. Lindenmaier, S. Herbort-Brand, S. Görg et al. « Ein neues gentechnologisches Modell zur Angiogeneseinduktion mittels ex vivo transfizierter isogener Fibroblasten ». Dans Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, 237–40. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19024-7_66.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Modelli ex vivo"

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Hönzke, K., D. Fatykhova, M. Tönnies, TT Bauer, P. Schneider, J. Neudecker, JC Rückert et al. « Das ex vivo Modell der humanen Lunge in der Pneumonieforschung ». Dans Pneumonie & Co : Lungeninfektionen in Klinik und Forschung – 22. Workshop des Arbeitskreises ‚Respiratorisches System‘ der Deutschen Veterinärmedizinischen Gesellschaft (DVG) in Kooperation mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DPG). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692847.

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Neizert, CA, FGM Poch, HNC Do, M. Zibell, C. Rieder, H. Ballhausen, SM Niehues, JL Vahldiek, KK Bressem et KS Lehmann. « Dreidimensionale Untersuchung der vaskulären Kühleffekte bei der hepatischen Mikrowellenablation in einem standardisierten Ex-vivo-Modell ». Dans Viszeralmedizin 2021 Gemeinsame Jahrestagung Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS), Sektion Endoskopie der DGVS, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733638.

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Van Canneyt, Koen, Jan Kips, Guy Mareels, Edward Baert, Dirk Van Roost et Pascal Verdonck. « Experimental and Numerical Modelling of the Ventriculo-Sinus Shunt to Treat Malresoptive Hydrocephalus ». Dans ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-177054.

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This study assesses malresorptive hydrocephalus treatment by ventriculosinus (VS) shunting with the shunt in antegrade or retrograde position. First, an experimental model of the cerebral ventricles, the arachnoid villi, the cortical veins and the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was built. For this purpose, the compliance of a human cortical vein was measured ex vivo and then modelled by means of Penrose tubes. The dimensions of the superior sagittal sinus were also determined in vivo by measurements on MRI-scans of 21 patients. Secondly, with the experimental model, a numerical model of the cortical veins and the superior sagittal sinus was validated. The experimental and numerical pressure difference between the intracranial pressure and the static sinus pressure was small (0–20 Pa) and corresponded with the theoretically expected values. No overdrainage was found in either antegrade or retrograde position of the shunt. Blood reflow was only found while mimicking lumbar puncture or changes in position with the experimental model (fast lowering the intracranial pressure respectively fast increasing the sinus pressure). Both model results confirm the potential of ventriculosinus shunting as therapy for malresorptive hydrocephalus patients. The ventriculosinus shunt thus proves to be a promising technique.
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Lamela Rivera, Horacio, Félix Rodríguez Jara et Vincent Cunningham. « Modelling and characterization of photothermal effects assisted with gold nanorods in ex vivo samples and in a murine model ». Dans SPIE BiOS, sous la direction de Thomas P. Ryan. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.875706.

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DesRochers, Tessa M., Lillia Holmes, Matt Gevaert et Hal E. Crosswell. « Abstract A17 : Ex vivo 3D functional drug response profiling using patient-derived cancer models : Clinical and regulatory considerations ». Dans Abstracts : Patient-Derived Cancer Models : Present and Future Applications from Basic Science to the Clinic ; February 11-14, 2016 ; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.pdx16-a17.

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Singh, Sundeep, et Roderick Melnik. « Computational Model of Radiofrequency Ablation of Cardiac Tissues Incorporating Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Interactions ». Dans ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23367.

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Abstract The application of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been widely explored in treating various types of cardiac arrhythmias. Computational modelling provides a safe and viable alternative to ex vivo and in vivo experimental studies for quantifying the effects of different variables efficiently and reliably, apart from providing a priori estimates of the ablation volume attained during cardiac ablation procedures. In this contribution, we report a fully coupled thermo-electro-mechanical model for a more accurate prediction of the treatment outcomes during the radiofrequency cardiac ablation. A numerical model comprising of cardiac tissue and the cardiac chamber has been developed in which an electrode has been inserted perpendicular to the cardiac tissue to simulate actual clinical procedures. Temperature-dependent heat capacity, electrical and thermal conductivities, and blood perfusion rate have been considered to model more realistic scenarios. The effects of blood flow and contact force of the electrode tip on the efficacy of a fully coupled model of RFA have been systematically investigated. The numerical study predicts that the efficacy of RFA is significantly dependent on the thermo-electro-mechanical parameters of the cardiac tissue.
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Almond, Mark H., Alastair G. Proudfoot, Neeltje Van Doremalen, Mark J. Griffiths et Wendy S. Barclay. « Modelling Of Influenza A-Induced Acute Lung Injury (ALI) And Repair : The Development Of Novel Ex Vivo And In Vitro Models ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1325.

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Lang, N., M. Ansari, D. Porras-Gonzalez, A. Agami, B. Hooshiar Kashani, S. Zhou, L. Yang et al. « Ex vivo modelling of human lung fibrogenesis and drug mode of action screens using single-cell RNA-seq in precision-cut lung slices ». Dans ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.lsc-0072.

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Lang, Niklas, Meshal Ansari, Diana Porras-Gonzalez, Ahmed Agami, Baharak Hooshiar Kashani, Shuhong Zhou, Lin Yang et al. « Ex vivo modelling of human lung fibrogenesis and drug mode of action screens using single-cell RNA-seq in precision-cut lung slices ». Dans ERS Lung Science Conference 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.lsc-2022.72.

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Banda, Malathi, Karen L. McKim et Barbara Parsons. « Abstract A15 : Establishing an ex-vivo, tumor spheroid culture system to assess molecular-targeted therapies for personalized treatment of non-small cell lung cancer ». Dans Abstracts : Patient-Derived Cancer Models : Present and Future Applications from Basic Science to the Clinic ; February 11-14, 2016 ; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.pdx16-a15.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Modelli ex vivo"

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Maund, Sophia L. Advancing the Capabilities of an Authentic Ex Vivo Model of Primary Human Prostate Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, octobre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613178.

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Eldar, Avigdor, et Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia : Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.

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In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.
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