Thèses sur le sujet « Modèles numériques de surface »
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Fochesato, Christophe. « Modèles numériques pour les vagues et les ondes internes ». Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132969.
Texte intégralSainte-Marie, Jacques. « Modèles et méthodes numériques pour l'hydraulique à surface libre. Au delà du système de Saint-Venant ». Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551488.
Texte intégralAl, Bitar Ahmad. « Modélisation des écoulements en milieu poreux hétérogènes 2D / 3D, avec couplages surface / souterrain et densitaires ». Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7712/1/al_bitar.pdf.
Texte intégralZelasco, José Francisco. « Gestion des données : contrôle de qualité des modèles numériques des bases de données géographiques ». Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20232.
Texte intégralA Digital Surface Model (DSM) is a numerical surface model which is formed by a set of points, arranged as a grid, to study some physical surface, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), or other possible applications, such as a face, or some anatomical organ, etc. The study of the precision of these models, which is of particular interest for DEMs, has been the object of several studies in the last decades. The measurement of the precision of a DSM model, in relation to another model of the same physical surface, consists in estimating the expectancy of the squares of differences between pairs of points, called homologous points, one in each model which corresponds to the same feature of the physical surface. But these pairs are not easily discernable, the grids may not be coincident, and the differences between the homologous points, corresponding to benchmarks in the physical surface, might be subject to special conditions such as more careful measurements than on ordinary points, which imply a different precision. The generally used procedure to avoid these inconveniences has been to use the squares of vertical distances between the models, which only address the vertical component of the error, thus giving a biased estimate when the surface is not horizontal. The Perpendicular Distance Evaluation Method (PDEM) which avoids this bias, provides estimates for vertical and horizontal components of errors, and is thus a useful tool for detection of discrepancies in Digital Surface Models (DSM) like DEMs. The solution includes a special reference to the simplification which arises when the error does not vary in all horizontal directions. The PDEM is also assessed with DEM's obtained by means of the Interferometry SAR Technique
Tang, Hao, et Jean Devillers. « Modélisation des interactions pointe-surface en microscopie à force atomique : calcul et interprétation d'images ». Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30194.
Texte intégralGuérin, Cyrielle. « Génération de modèles numériques de surface et détection de changements 3D à partir d'imagerie satellite stéréoscopique très haute résolution ». Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953485.
Texte intégralGuérin, Cyrielle. « Génération de modèles numériques de surface et détection de changements 3D à partir d'imagerie satellite stéréoscopique très haute résolution ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S003.
Texte intégralThe growing amount of satellite data, increasingly resolved spatially and temporally, represents a high potential of information allowing the accurate characterization of the evolution of an area of interest. For this reason, automatic analysis techniques such as change detection methods are widely investigated. Most of them are based on radiometric changes between remote sensed optical images. These methods are however very sensitive to a significant number of irrelevant changes such as those due to the variation of the geometrical conditions between two different acquisitionsThe objective of this work is then to develop an alternative method based on the elevation change detection. The advantage of using the elevation is that this information is particularly relevant and well adapted in a context of urban monitoring where the elements of interest correspond to buildings that can be constructed, modified or destroyed between two dates.In order to satisfy new needs in image analysis which require quick and reliable results, our method is a complete and automatic processing flow based on the analysis of high resolution satellite stereoscopic couples and the generation of Digital Surface Models (DSM). Stereoscopic DSMs, however, generally suffer from a high number of correlation errors leading to false alarms in the final change detection map. One of the main contribution of this work consisted in increasing the DSM accuracy, especially through a better handling of the occlusion and miss-correlation areas. For this purpose, the image matching technique has been improved and all DSMs computed from the same stereoscopic couple are then fusioned through a new approach, based on an optimization method.The comparison between our DSM with a LiDAR-based DSM indicates that our method largely improves the DSM quality, the amount of correlation errors is decreased while the occlusion areas are accurately localized. The change detection method itself is based on the labelization of the pixels of the differential DSM computed from the DSMs generated at each date of interest. This step, performed through another optimization process, enables to bring forward the relevant changes among the residual noise of the DSMs. The results, obtained for several experimental areas, show that more than 80% of the changes larger than 15 pixels x 15 pixels (100 m² with high resolution images) are detected with our method, with less than 20% of false alarms. We also show that these results mainly depend on the regularization parameter which controls the balance between the amount of false alarms towards the amount of true detections in the final results
Decoene, Astrid. « Modèle hydrostatique pour les écoulements à surface libre tridimensionnels et schémas numériques ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180003.
Texte intégralNous proposons d'une part une nouvelle formulation variationnelle du problème hydrostatique aboutissant à un problème semi-discretisé en temps bien posé. Nous en faisons l'analyse mathématique et nous montrons quelques résultats numériques obtenus après programmation de l'approximation de ce problème dans le logiciel Telemac-3D développé au Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE) d'edf.
D'autre part, nous étudions la réinterprétation dans le cadre ALE de la méthode de discrétisation verticale de domaines tridimensionnels appelée transformation sigma, et nous en proposons une généralisation permettant d'améliorer la représentation des stratifications dans un écoulement
Finalement, nous présentons un schéma ALE-MURD conservatif pour la résolution des équations de convection linéaires posées sur un domaine mobile. Une condition particulière doit être vérifiée afin que le schéma soit conservatif lorsque le domain bouge effectivement. Nous montrons comment assurer cette contrainte dans le cas particulier où le domaine est tridimensionnel et ne bouge que selon la verticale. Ce résultat est illustré dans le cadre des écoulements à surface libre en dimension trois.
Decoene, Astrid. « Modèle hydrostatique pour les écoulements à surface libre tridimensionnels et chémas numériques ». Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180003.
Texte intégralBachalany, Yara. « Estimation du mouvement 3D d’une sphère de surface réfléchissante ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10142/document.
Texte intégralRecovering 3D motion of reflective objects in image sequences is still a cumbersome problem for computer vision. One common approach is to track geometric features of the object such as contours and edges since they are rather insensitive to light reflections. However, such basic features fail to recover the actual 3D motion in some cases. For example, the external contour of a sphere rotating about one of its axes remains static in the image. In thisthesis, we propose a new approach to 3D motion recovery of a reflective sphere visible in an image sequence.Instead of tracking only geometric features, our technique makes use of texture information in a slightly modified image alignment method. Unlike in classical image alignment methods, texture information is processed differently whether it comes from a diffuse or a specular light component.Using this technique, we show that motion estimation is not only possible when dealing with reflective objects, but also that specular components can offer information about the 3D motion. Finally, we present some results obtained from the analysis of image sequences
Pan, Yi. « Modélisation couplée des écoulements de surface et de sub-surface dans un bassin versant par approches numériques à dimensions euclidiennes réduites ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH012/document.
Texte intégralInteractions between surface and subsurface flow processes are key components of the hydrological water cycle. Accounting for these interactions in hydrological modelsis mandatory to provide relevant and accurate predictions for water quality and water resources management. Fully-integrated hydrological models that describe with aphysical meaning the hydrological processes and their interactions are recent. Most of these models rely upon the resolution of a 3D Richards equation to describe subsurface flow processes. This approach may become intractable because of the heavy constrains on both meshing and numerical resolution. This PhD proposes a new integrated hydrological model on the idea of dealing with dimensionally reduced flow in both the surface and sub-surface compartments of a watershed. The different compartments of the model are first tested independently and then coupled. The results show that the proposed approach allows for a proper and precise depiction ofthe hydrological processes enclosed in the model while providing significant gain incomputational efficiency
Guervilly, Céline. « Dynamos numériques planétaires générées par cisaillement en surface ou chauffage interne ». Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU024.
Texte intégralWe develop a hybrid numerical code based on a quasi-geostrophic model for the flows inside the planetary cores driven by internaI heating. For small Prandtl numbers, large amplitude geostrophic zonaI circulations are a robust feature of these flows. The scale and the amplitude of the zonaI motion are controlled by potential vorticity mixing and boundary friction. We identify the presence of large-scale Rossby waves propagating in the vigourously convecting region. The flows produce kinematic dynamos, with a small-scale poloidal magnetic field and a mainly axisymmetric toroidal field~ We find that the impact of the thermal wind on the dynamo threshold is not significant. Ln the second part of this thesis, we study dynamos generated by surface shears. Spherical Couette flow (between two spheres in differential rotation) produces dynamos with a high critical Reynolds number. By breaking the axial symmetry of the flow, the shear instability (in the form of a wave) plays a crucial role. The toroidal magnetic field is large compared with the poloidal field, suggesting the role of the omega effect. We study the dynamics and the dynamo action produced by zonaI jets, Le. , produced by differential rotation that is alternately westward and eastward. The zonaI jets imposed at the outer surface are modified by Rossby waves, which widen the jets and lower their amplitude. The dynamo mechanism relies on the propagation of the Rossby waves. We can establish a link between production of the axisymmetric poloidal magnetic field and the width of the iets throul!h the lenl!thscale of the Rossbv waves
Guervilly, Céline. « Dynamos numériques planétaires générées par cisaillement en surface ou chauffage interne ». Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576177.
Texte intégralOlivi, Emmanuel. « Couplage de méthodes numériques pour le problème direct en Magnéto- et Électro-Encéphalographie ». Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838707.
Texte intégralGuillot, Olivier. « Maillage multirésolution de surfaces : modélisation et maillage de formes humaines 3D ». La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS232.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we developped a surface subdivision that handles different kind of natural discontinuities of surfaces (darts, corners, creases and bounds) and the irregularities of the mesh that represents it. The aim of such a subdivision is to create limit surfaces that keep the natural discontinuities in order to enhance the quality of the multiresolution analysis based on that subdivision. We use the square root 3-subdivision because the resulting meshes grow slower. The multiresolution analysis by wavelets of a mesh of surface split the low frequencies and the higher ones, in order to obtain an approximation of the mesh and "details". Details can be truncated without creating great losses in the result of the synthesis. This property permits data compression of the details. Because the wavelet function is based on our square root 3-subdivision it handles natural discontinuities of the surfaces. This gives even smaller details for meshes with sharp edges. In order to analyse a mesh n times, this mesh must have a topology compatible with n subdivisions. If the surface contains discontinuities, n should be even. We built software tools in order to create a remeshing method that generates meshes compatible with those topologies. All this features are available in MEFP3C
Politis, Konstantinos. « Développement de modèles numériques de tension superficielle pour la simulation d'écoulements avec interface à l'aide d'une formulation multi-fluides ». Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0021.
Texte intégralAir Lubrication methods are regarded by the scientific community as the next major technological breakthrough in Naval Engineering to achieve the reduction of drag in commercial vessels. The accurate modeling of the physical phenomena governing the drag reduction mechanisms of Air Lubrication methods, namely, the dynamics of surface tension, the instabilities of the air-water interfaces and air entrainment, are imperative for the design of air-lubricated hulls. To that end, we have implemented to ISIS-CFD several programming tools, interface reconstruction schemes and surface tension modeling. Two new surface tension methods were developed. Both use a global interface reconstruction scheme and are coupled with the compressive discretization volume fraction schemes for the unstructured finite volume formulation that the flow solver ISIS-CFD is based on. The results demonstrate that complicated dynamic interactions of either a single or multiple interfaces can be accurately captured. In the context of a future research study, the proposed approaches could lead to the further enhancement of the modeling capabilities of ISISCFD by introducing a macroscopic air entrainment model and eventually the assessment of different physical effects encountered in lubricated naval vessels using ISIS-CFD
Hajri, Souhail. « Modélisation des surfaces rocheuses naturelles à partir d'une scannerisation laser 3D et extraction automatique de formes caractéristiques : applications aux spéléothèmes et surfaces géologiques ». Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS039.
Texte intégralThe research work presented in this dissertation concems 3d image processing. We are interested in the automation's tasks of the extraction and the characterization of reliefs fomms in the naturel environment from 3D point clouds acquired by LIDAR. Once thèse data are reconstructed as triangular meshes or TIN models (Triangular Irregular Networks), we are particularly interest in the 3D TIN model segmentation that is one of the essentiel stops of the pattern recognition process. The goal of segmentation is to décompose the TIN model into homogeneous régions with common characteristics that correspond to significant geological objects. However, the images to be processed are relatively complex (natural fomms), and thus req ui red a priori knowledge. Th us, we have initial ly proposed a method for interactive segmentation based on knowledge of the operator. The method involves manually marking the regions of interest in the models to extract the desired geological fomms. This approach is based on the watershed method. Later, a second segmentation solution, more automated is proposed. This solution is focused on two objects which we know perfectly its discriminating features: planar discontinuities and stalagmites. The identification and characterization process of planes discontinuities is based on the unsupervised clustering algorithm named DBSCAN which can automatically extract parameters related to the discontinuities of rock surfaces: orientation, spacing, roughness. . . The second approach, which aims the automatic identification and characterization, is based on ellipse fitting
Gonga-Saholiarilava, Nahossio. « Quantification du relief terrestre à partir de grilles numériques : méthodes géomorphométriques, potentiel, analyse critique : tests et applications dans des zones de fronts montagneux ». Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070075.
Texte intégralThis work brings together results from four years of both professional experience and self-study focusing on digital elevation models and grid studies, which today form an important basis for terrestrial surface analysis and research in quantitative geomorphology. A didactic inventory of the characteristics and structures of elevation models and their related geomorphometric components is proposed. Analytical and numerical development of the mathematical derivatives of elevation (i. E. Slope and local slope curvatures) and techniques for assessing errors and error propagation in DEMs are proposed, with emphasis on spatial autocorrelation mapping as a tool for locating error hotspots. Comparative tests were carried out on selected geographical areas exhibiting mountain fronts with specific structural and geomorphologic features. Algorithms and methods for the calculation and interpretation of primary and secondary topographic attributes were designed and tested for their suitability to the chosen terrain conditions. I have also developed a numerical script that performs an automated search of geomorphologic features such as river knickpoints on multiple drainage networks. This prototype is designed to locate knickpoints rapidly and effectively, e. G. For exploratory studies prior to field investigations or for mapping crustal deformation and/or structural geology on a regional scale. Verifications and tests are carried out on three mountain fronts with differing characteristics: the Sierra Nacimiento, New Mexico; the Weber segment, Wasatch Mountains, Utah; and the Solsona-Boixols area, eastern Spanish Pyrénées. Based on ground-truth checks, the script could identify 50 to 80% of knickpoints depending on DEM source and ground resolution. Improvements to the script performance ratings call for the introduction of additional geomorphometncal constraints. In order to be process-based as well as purely geomorphometric in nature, these must reflect the dynamics of river flow. A desirable target would be a detection capacity ranging between 70 and 80% whatever the DEM and the mountain terrain considered. This script offers a reproducible numerical tool based on the key geomorphometric parameters of elevation grids including considerations of error, precision, accuracy and structure. It can be readily incorporated into software commonly used in academic and industrial applications that rely on drainage system characteristics for interpreting surface or subsurface dynamics
Collino, Francis. « Analyse numérique de modèles de propagation d’ondes : application à la migration et à l’inversion des données sismiques ». Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090076.
Texte intégralFougerolle, Yohan. « Modélisation et reconstruction de surfaces par supershapes et R-fonctions ». Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS041.
Texte intégralThis dissertation deals with surface modeling and surface reconstruction using supershapes and R-functions. We introduce two implicit functions for the supershapes. We propose an extension of the geometric modeling literature with a constructive solid geometry based approach that combines supershapes and global deformations through r-functions. Supershapes and r-functions are applied to reconstruct surfaces of 3D real objects. Using the previously introduced modeling technique, we combine individually reconstructed supershapes to represent the surface of the complete object. We obtain an implicit equation that is used to define the reconstruction error
Isel, Sandra. « Développement de méthodologies et d'outils numériques pour l'évaluation du débit en réseau hydraulique à surface libre ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD008/document.
Texte intégralThe evaluation of the flow rate in free surface water systems is a current scientific problem, related to high technological, economical and ecological issues. In this study, new methods of instrumentation based on a synergy between non-intrusive water level measurements and numerical modeling have been developed. These methods are applied first to sewer pipes with complex hydraulic conditions then to non-standard hydraulic structures (Venturi flumes, Combined Sewer Overflows). This multidisciplinary work aims at a better understanding of the flow to identify more robust site-specific Q=f(hi) relationships related to their uncertainties. It also aims at the identification of possible modification of the measurement site in order to improve the flow rate evaluation. Finally, the applicability of the developed methodologies has been tested through several real site studies
Claisse, Alexandra. « Modèle de reconstruction d'une surface échantillonnée par une méthode de ligne de niveau, et applications ». Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443640.
Texte intégralPeter, Anne-Charlotte. « Variabilité de la température de la couche de mélange océanique en Atlantique équatorial aux échelles saisonnières à interannuelles, à l'aide de simulations numériques ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00157983.
Texte intégralLes résultats obtenus montrent la prédominance des processus verticaux et des ondes tropicales d'instabilité (<35jours, ~500km) pour expliquer la variabilité de la température de la couche de surface à l'échelle annuelle.
L'étude d'évènements interannuels a permis de distinguer deux processus distincts responsables de la variabilité interannuelle de la température de surface : l'un dynamique et distant crée par les anomalies de vent dans l'ouest du bassin et agissant par l'intermédiaire de la propagation d'ondes de Kelvin équatoriales et le second, thermodynamique et local à l'échelle du Golfe de Guinée, créé par les anomalies interannuelles de flux de chaleur.
Claisse, Alexandra. « Modèle de reconstruction d'une surface échantillonnée par un méthode de ligne de niveau, et applications ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443640.
Texte intégralBarthémémy, Audrey. « Modélisation numérique de la combustion dans les chambres de statoréacteurs ». Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0894.
Texte intégralIbargüen, becerra César. « Effet des forces de van der Waals sur la dynamique de l'azote et de l'hydrogène en interaction avec la surface de W(100) ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0261.
Texte intégralAn important part of scientific literature is devoted to the heterogeneous elementary processes occurring at gas-solid interface due to their great importance and key role in many different domains and applications. Thus, interaction of gas atoms/molecules with surface reactions are of primary importance in the study of: heterogeneous catalysis, combustion of solid fuel and coal gasification, processes of corrosion, hydrogen storage in solid material, automotive and oil industry, plasma-wall interactions in the context of thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), atmospheric re-entries technologies and astrochemistry, to name some examples. When an atom or molecule impinges on a surface many different elementary processes can take place, which depends on factors such as: the collision energy of the projectile, the angle of incidence to the surface, the surface temperature, the initial state of the molecules, the transference of energy projectiles-surface, etc. All these factors determines the mechanisms of reaction and the dynamics of the processes. Experimental molecular beams (MB) and other experimental techniques are able to accurately control the initial state of the reactive and characterizing products of gas-surface reactions. However, in most of the case experimental techniques do not provide enough details about the mechanisms through which elementary processes occur. Consequently, theoretical models becomes essential to rationalize the description that in certain cases the experiments do not reach.The main goal of this thesis work is to propose an analyze of the dynamics of several elementary processes occurring on a W(100) surface, such as: the inelastic scattering of N2 and H2, the dissociative and non-dissociative adsorption of of H2 and the adsorption and absorption of H and N. Compared to previous studies, the novelty of this work resides in the taking into account of van der Waals long-distance interactions, which are essential to reach a good agreement between theoretical and experiment results, especially at low collision energy regime. To rationalize the non-adiabatic effects, the energy dissipation to lattice vibrations and electronic excitation are taken in to account by means of GLO and LDFA models respectively
Squarzoni, Cristina. « Mesure des champs de déplacement de surface et modélisation numérique des glissements de terrain ». Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10262.
Texte intégralSarti, Francesco. « Potentiel de la télédétection optique-radar pour le suivi des changements et déformations de la surface terrestre : application à la gestion des risques naturels ». Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30289.
Texte intégralThe study, the application and (to a certain extent) the improvement of techniques based on spaceborne radar and optical data for surface change detection and displacement measurement have been investigated in this PhD thesis. Under specific conditions, these data can allow mapping and measuring surface changes and ground deformations associated to events such as earthquakes, subsidence, volcanic eruptions and floods. Therefore, these techniques deserve a particular interest both in a scientific context (support for the improvement of seismic and geo-hydrological models) as well as for natural risk management in an operational context (delivery of products issued from Earth Observation for the support to emergency operations and rescue organizations)
Yu, Mulin. « Reconstruction et correction de modèles urbains à l'aide de structures de données cinétiques ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4077.
Texte intégralCompact and accurate digital 3D models of buildings are commonly used by practitioners for the visualization of existing or imaginary environments, the physical simulations or the fabrication of urban objects. Generating such ready-to-use models is however a difficult problem. When created by designers, 3D models usually contain geometric errors whose automatic correction is a scientific challenge. When created from data measurements, typically laser scans or multiview images, the accuracy and complexity of the models produced by existing reconstruction algorithms often do not reach the requirements of the practitioners. In this thesis, I address this problem by proposing two algorithms: one for repairing the geometric errors contained in urban-specific formats of 3D models, and one for reconstructing compact and accurate models from input point clouds generated from laser scanning or multiview stereo imagery. The key component of these algorithms relies upon a space-partitioning data structure able to decompose the space into polyhedral cells in a natural and efficient manner. This data structure is used to both correct geometric errors by reassembling the facets of defect-laden 3D models, and reconstruct concise 3D models from point clouds with a quality that approaches those generated by Computer-Aided-Design interactive tools.My first contribution is an algorithm to repair different types of urban models. Prior work, which traditionally relies on local analysis and heuristic-based geometric operations on mesh data structures, is typically tailored-made for specific 3D formats and urban objects. We propose a more general method to process different types of urban models without tedious parameter tuning. The key idea lies on the construction of a kinetic data structure that decomposes the 3D space into polyhedra by extending the facets of the imperfect input model. Such a data structure allows us to re-build all the relations between the facets in an efficient and robust manner. Once built, the cells of the polyhedral partition are regrouped by semantic classes to reconstruct the corrected output model. I demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the algorithm on a variety of real-world defect-laden models and show its competitiveness with respect to traditional mesh repairing techniques from both Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data.My second contribution is a reconstruction algorithm inspired by the Kinetic Shape Reconstruction method, that improves the later in different ways. In particular, I propose a data fitting technique for detecting planar primitives from unorganized 3D point clouds. Departing from an initial configuration, the technique refines both the continuous plane parameters and the discrete assignment of input points to them by seeking high fidelity, high simplicity and high completeness. The solution is found by an exploration mechanism guided by a multi-objective energy function. The transitions within the large solution space are handled by five geometric operators that create, remove and modify primitives. I demonstrate its potential, not on buildings only, but on a variety of scenes, from organic shapes to man-made objects
Jaar, Frédéric. « Reconstruction 3D à l'aide de surfaces à déformations libres ». Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS054.
Texte intégralLelievre, Tony. « Analyse mathématique et numérique de modèles pour les matériaux, de l'échelle microscopique à l'échelle macroscopique ». Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392808.
Texte intégralL'essentiel de nos travaux les plus récents sur le sujet concerne le comportement en temps long de ces modèles, avec un double objectif : théoriquement, la compréhension des modèles physiques passe souvent par l'étude de la stabilité des solutions stationnaires, et de la vitesse de convergence vers l'équilibre ; numériquement, la stabilité des schémas en temps long est cruciale, car on utilise typiquement des simulations instationnaires en temps long pour calculer des solutions stationnaires. Nous montrons comment analyser le comportement des modèles micro-macro en temps long, en utilisant des méthodes d'entropie. Cette étude a ensuite permis de comprendre le comportement en temps long de modèles macroscopiques standard (type Oldroyd-B), et de préciser sous quelles conditions les schémas numériques vérifient des propriétés similaires de stabilité en temps long.
La seconde partie du mémoire résume des travaux en simulation moléculaire, à l'échelle quantique, ou à l'échelle de la dynamique moléculaire classique. A l'échelle quantique, nous nous intéressons aux méthodes Quantum Monte Carlo. Il s'agit de méthodes numériques probabilistes pour calculer l'état fondamental d'une molécule (plus petite valeur propre de l'opérateur de Schrödinger à N corps). Essentiellement, il s'agit de donner une interprétation probabiliste du problème par des formules de Feynman-Kac, afin de pouvoir appliquer des méthodes de Monte Carlo (bien adaptées pour des problèmes de ce type, en grande dimension). Nous proposons tout d'abord une étude théorique de la méthode Diffusion Monte Carlo, et notamment
d'un biais introduit par l'interprétation probabiliste (appelé fixed node approximation). Nous analysons ensuite les méthodes numériques utilisées en Diffusion Monte Carlo, et proposons une nouvelle stratégie pour améliorer l'échantillonnage des méthodes Variational Monte Carlo.
En dynamique moléculaire, nous étudions des méthodes numériques pour le calcul de différences d'énergie libre. Les modèles consistent à décrire l'état d'un système par la position (et éventuellement la vitesse) de particules (typiquement les positions des noyaux dans un système moléculaire), qui interagissent au travers d'un potentiel (qui idéalement proviendrait d'un calcul de mécanique quantique pour déterminer l'état fondamental des électrons pour une position donnée des noyaux). L'objectif est de calculer des moyennes par rapport à la mesure de Boltzmann-Gibbs associée à ce potentiel (moyennes dans l'ensemble canonique). Mathématiquement, il s'agit d'un problème d'échantillonnage de mesures métastables (ou multi-modales), en très grande dimension. La particularité de la dynamique moléculaire est que, bien souvent, on a quelques informations sur les "directions de métastabilité" au travers de coordonnées de réaction. En utilisant cette donnée, de nombreuses méthodes ont été proposées pour permettre l'échantillonnage de la mesure de Boltzmann-Gibbs. Dans une série de travaux, nous avons analysé les méthodes basées sur des équations différentielles stochastiques avec contraintes (dont les solutions vivent sur des sous-variétés définies comme des lignes de niveaux de la coordonnée de réaction). Il s'agit en fait d'analyser des méthodes d'échantillonnage de mesures définies sur des sous-variétés de grande dimension. Plus récemment, nous avons étudié des méthodes adaptatives qui ont été proposées pour se débarrasser des métastabilités. Mathématiquement, il s'agit de méthodes d'échantillonnage préférentiel, avec une fonction d'importance qui est calculée au cours de la simulation de manière adaptative. Nous avons étudié la vitesse de convergence vers la mesure d'équilibre pour ces méthodes adaptatives, en utilisant des méthodes d'entropie. Nous avons proposé de nouvelles méthodes numériques à la communauté appliquée pour utiliser au mieux ces idées.
La troisième partie du mémoire résume des travaux issus d'une collaboration avec l'entreprise Rio Tinto (anciennement Pechiney puis Alcan), leader mondial pour la technologie des cuves d'électrolyse de l'aluminium. Cette collaboration a été entamée il y a plusieurs années par C. Le Bris, et notamment au travers de la thèse de J-F. Gerbeau. Mathématiquement, il s'agit d'analyser et de discrétiser les équations de la magnétohydrodynamique pour deux fluides incompressibles non miscibles, séparés par une interface libre. Nous expliquons le contexte industriel et la modélisation, nous résumons la méthode numérique adoptée (méthode Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) et donnons quelques propriétés satisfaites par le schéma (stabilité, conservation de la masse). Nous montrons ensuite comment ce modèle permet d'étudier un phénomène (potentiellement déstabilisant) observé dans les cuves d'électrolyse : le rolling. Ces résultats ont été pour la plupart obtenus durant la thèse.
Plus récemment, dans le prolongement de l'étude industrielle, nous nous sommes intéressés à un problème de modélisation fondamentale pour les écoulements à surface (ou interface) libre: le mouvement de la ligne de contact (i.e. le bord de la surface libre qui glisse le long de la paroi). En résumé, nos travaux consistent essentiellement en deux contributions: (i) une compréhension variationnelle d'une condition aux limites permettant de modéliser correctement le mouvement de la ligne de contact (Generalized Navier Boundary Condition), et son implémentation dans un schéma Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian, (ii) une analyse de la stabilité du schéma obtenu.
Kessentini, Sameh. « Modélisation et optimisation de nanostructures plasmoniques : applications biomédicales ». Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0024.
Texte intégralThe present work deals with the modelling and optimization of the plasmonic structures: nanostructured biosensor for early disease diagnosis, and gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy. Both structures are based on interaction with light. For modelling, the electromagnetic scattering problem is therefore solved using Mie theory and discrete dipole approximation (DDA). The numerical model is extended to take into account many parameters of biosensors. Then, the validity of the model is checked through comparison to experimental results. To optimize such problems of continuous variables, the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is chosen. A plasmonic benchmark is introduced to test a set of algorithms and reveals some limitations. For this, we introduce a new memetic adaptive PSO (AMPSO) algorithm. The AMPSO is tested on a set of reference benchmark as well as the plasmonic benchmark and demonstrates its ability to find the global optimum solution rapidly. The optimization of biosensor shows that its sensitivity (given by the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy gain) can be improved six times compared with the best experimental results. The optimization of nanoparticules (maximization of light absorption) reveals, as well, improved results compared to previous studies. Moreover, the optimized nanoparticles are compared to each other. Finally, the design tolerance of these nanostructures is also discussed
Romdhane, Hela. « Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'écoulement à surface libre en présence de végétation, et transport sédimentaire associé ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0032/document.
Texte intégralRivers form a complex dynamic system subject to wide variations, in fact precipitation is considered as the fundamental cause of these fluctuations. Over time, the morphology of rivers evolves under the influence of several parameters, especially floods, hydraulic structures, sediment transport. The development of vegetation in the river bed and on the banks can affect the hydrodynamic conditions and the behavior of a watercourse, so the impact of vegetation on sediment transport is a crucial issue for the management of irrigation networks and natural flows. By reducing velocity, the presence of vegetation can increase sediment deposition and modify the risk of flooding due to the combined effects of increasing roughness and decreasing of flowing area of the river main channel. These aspects are highlighted by the application of numerical simulations to real cases: the case of the Medjerda River and the Channel of Medjerda Cap Bon in Tunisia. Vegetation is a common feature of natural coastal and riverine waters, interacting with both water flow and sediment transport. However, the physical processes governing these interactions are still poorly understood, making it difficult to predict sediment transport and morpho dynamics. The aim of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of the physical processes governing the interactions between vegetation, flow and sediment transport on the one hand, and to select the appropriate model that will be applied in the real case of rivers. The ultimate purpose is to improve the management of artificial or natural hydro-systems. This work will involve two complementary approaches to experiments and analytical and numerical modeling. At first, we will focus on better characterizing the physical processes of interaction between vegetation and flow. For this, experiments on different channels will provide hydrodynamics over model vegetation’s. Emphasis will be placed on the development of experimental methods specific to boundary layer studies over macro-roughness. These results will be analyzed in a second time from analytical models that allow the stage-discharge relationships required for management. The characteristics and performances of several models will be evaluated with regard to different types of vegetation. Thirdly, experiments with sediments will specify the influence of vegetation on the modification of solid transport. The reduction of the constraints on the beds generates a necessary adaptation of the classical transport laws. An adjustment model for these laws will be proposed
Mohamed, Mostafa. « Evaluation de la qualité des modèles 3D de bâtiments en photogrammétrie numérique aérienne ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD037/document.
Texte intégralMethods and tools for automatic or semi-automatic generation of 3D city models are developing rapidly, but the quality assessment of these models and spatial data are rarely addressed. A comprehensive evaluation in 3D is not trivial. Our goal is to provide a standard multidimensional approach for assessing the quality of 3D models of buildings in 1D, 2D and 3D. Two methods are applied. The first one is done by computing Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) based on the deviations between both models (reference and test), in X, Y and Z directions. Second method is performed by applying the French legal text (arrêté sur les classes de précision) that is based on the instructions published in the Official Journal from October 30, 2003. These indices pass through the space discretization in pixels or voxels for measuring the degree of superposition of 2D or 3D objects. The originality of this approach is built on the fact that the models used as input are not only limited to raster format, but also extended to vector format. The results of statistics of the quality indices calculated for assessing the building models show that the 3D building models extracted from stereo-pairs are close from each other. Also, the models reconstructed from LiDAR are less accurate than the models reconstructed from aerial images alone. In conclusion, the quality evaluation of 3D building models has been achieved by applying the proposed multi-dimensional approach. This approach is suitable for simplified 3D building vector models created from aerial images and/or LiDAR datasets
Tannoury, Elias. « Contribution à la prévision du bruit tonal des machines tournantes subsoniques : couplage des simulations numériques et des modèles analytiques avec les analogies acoustiques ». Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935537.
Texte intégralDing, Yu. « Méthodes numériques sur l'équation intégrale aux bords pour le problème des ondes acoustiques diffractées par une surface rigide en 3D ». Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112031.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with resolving the scattering problem of wave propagation via boundary integral equation (B. I. E. ) methods. It is well known that the problem for transient wave propagation scattering from a hard surface is usually described by means of a B. I. E. 1/2 u(t,x)=ui(t,x)+1/4π ∫r(x-y). N ⃗y)/∣x-y∣2. (u(τ,y))/∣x-y∣+1/c ∂u/∂t(τ,y))dσy where ui is the incident wave, the solution of wave equation in free field. Γ is the surface, n ⃗y the unitary normal at y on the surface Γ, ∣x-y∣ the distance between x and y, τ=t-∣x-y∣. This equation is a retarded potential equation, we can find an explicit marching in time scheme. Usually, we use collocation methods, that is, a discretisation by collocation in space and by finite difference in time. In this thesis, we give some variational formulation methods, in particular, a Galerkin type variational formulation method. A convergence theorem is proved for the Galerkin method in the case of two parallel planes. The constant elements by mesh in space and in time are usable for the surface composed by facet planes. A comparison of numerical results obtained by the Galerkin method and collocation methods is presented. Some coupling methods are also proposed. Comparisons of numerical results are given for all the coupling and non-coupling methods
Baldacci, Fabien. « Graphe de surface orientée : un modèle opérationnel de segmentation d'image 3D ». Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13940/document.
Texte intégralIn this work we focus on 3D image segmentation. The aim consists in defining a framework which, given a segmentation problem, allows to design efficiently an algorithm solving this problem. Since this framework has to be unspecific according to the kind of segmentation problem, it has to allow an efficient implementation of most segmentation techniques and criteria, in order to combine them to define new algorithms. This framework has to rely on a structuring model both representing the topology and the geometry of the partition of an image, in order to efficiently extract required information. In this document, different segmentation techniques are presented in order to define a set of primitives required for their implementation. Existing models are presented with their advantages and drawbacks, then the new structuring model is defined. Its whole implementation including details of its memory consumption and time complexity for each primitives of the previously defined set of requirements is given. Some examples of use with real image analysis problems are described, with also possible extensions of the model and its implementation on parallel architecture
Lemonsu, Aude. « Modélisation des processus de surface et de la couche limite en milieu urbain ». Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30140.
Texte intégralNicolas, Matthieu. « Etude expérimentale et numérique du ruissellement de surface : effets des variations d'intensité de la pluie : application à une parcelle de vigne en Cévennes-Vivarais ». Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU009.
Texte intégralThrough a cross-disciplinary approach, a study of the rain-dynamics and hillslope-length effects on runoff was carried out at plot scale. To achieve this, a vineyard plot in Ardèche was instrumented in order to implement runoff experiments under simulated and natural rainfall. Laboratory rainfall simulations completed this experimental ensemble via a reproducible artificial porous medium made of ceramic bricks. A distributed physically based model (PSEM_2D) was utilized and a conceptual model constituted of triangular section basins was created to reproduce the observed runoff. In steady regime, field rainfall simulations showed that runoff intensity do not depend on collected slope length. The responsibility of transitional regime on the non proportionality of runoff volume with slope length is put forward. Steady regime infiltration increase with rainfall intensity was observed in the field and in the laboratory. With microtopography, modeling results showed that a punctual hydraulic conductivity increase with elevation could explain the observed infiltration variation range in the field. An intermittent rainfall creates more runoff than a continuous rainfall of the same mean intensity as the simulated rainfall experiences showed. However, this effect was softened for heavy intensities due to the infiltration increase with rainfall intensity and to the superficial detention infiltrated between two flushes (estimated by the intermittent runoff deficit between intermittent and continuous rainfalls of same amount). This observation reinforces the use of hyetogram-independent runoff coefficients in hydrological models
Uribe, Lobello Ricardo. « Génération de maillages adaptatifs à partir de données volumiques de grande taille ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22024.
Texte intégralIn this document, we have been interested in the surface extraction from the volumetric representation of an object. With this objective in mind, we have studied the spatial subdivision surface extraction algorithms. This approaches divide the volume in order to build a piecewise approximation of the surface. The general idea is to combine local and simple approximations to extract a complete representation of the object's surface.The methods based on the Marching Cubes (MC) algorithm have problems to produce good quality and to handle adaptive surfaces. Even if a lot of improvements to MC have been proposed, these approaches solved one or two problems but they don't offer a complete solution to all the MC drawbacks. Dual methods are more adapted to use adaptive sampling over volumes. These methods generate surfaces that are dual to those generated by the Marching Cubes algorithm or dual grids in order to use MC methods. These solutions build adaptive meshes that represent well the features of the object. In addition, recent improvements guarantee that the produced meshes have good geometrical and topological properties.In this dissertation, we have studied the main topological and geometrical properties of volumetric objects. In a first stage, we have explored the state of the art on spatial subdivision surface extraction methods in order to identify theirs advantages, theirs drawbacks and the implications of theirs application on volumetric objects. We have concluded that a dual approach is the best option to obtain a good compromise between mesh quality and geometrical approximation. In a second stage, we have developed a general pipeline for surface extraction based on a combination of dual methods and connected components extraction to better capture the topology and geometry of the original object. In a third stage, we have presented an out-of-core extension of our surface extraction pipeline in order to extract adaptive meshes from huge volumes. Volumes are divided in smaller sub-volumes that are processed independently to produce surface patches that are later combined in an unique and topologically correct surface. This approach can be implemented in parallel to speed up its performance. Test realized in a vast set of volumes have confirmed our results and the features of our solution
Ennafii, Oussama. « Qualification géométrique de modèles 3D de bâtiments ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2001.
Texte intégralThe automatic generation of 3D building models from geospatial data is now a standard procedure. An abundant literature covers the last two decades and several softwares are now available. However, urban areas are very complex environments. Inevitably, practitioners still have to visually assess, at city-scale, the correctness of these models and detect frequent reconstruction errors. Such a process relies on experts, and is highly time-consuming with approximately two hours/km² per expert. This work proposes an approach for automatically evaluating the quality of 3D building models. Potential errors are compiled in a novel hierarchical and modular taxonomy. This allows, for the first time, to disentangle fidelity and modeling errors, whatever the level of details of the modeled buildings. The quality of models is predicted using the geometric properties of buildings and, when available, Very High Resolution images and Digital Surface Models. A baseline of handcrafted, yet generic, features is fed into a Random Forest or Support Vector Machine classifiers. Richer features, relying on graph kernels as well as Scattering Networks, were proposed to better take into consideration structure. Both multi-class and multi-label cases are studied: due to the interdependence between classes of errors, it is possible to retrieve all errors at the same time while simply predicting correct and erroneous buildings. The proposed framework was tested on three distinct urban areas in France with more than 3,000 buildings. 80%-99% F-score values are attained for the most frequent errors. For scalability purposes, the impact of the urban area composition on the error prediction was also studied, in terms of transferability, generalization, and representativeness of the classifiers. It shows the necessity of multi-modal remote sensing data and mixing training samples from various cities to ensure a stability of the detection ratios, even with very limited training set sizes
Hussien, Elkhorbatly Bashar. « Modélisation, justification et analyse mathématique de modèles en océanographie ». Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4009.
Texte intégralThis thesis is devoted to the mathematical study of the water-waves problem concerning two- dimensional motion of an irrotational and incompressible inviscid liquid with a free surface acted only by gravity and surface tension in a highly nonlinear regime. The thesis is separated into two parts of equal importance. In the first part, we justify mathematically more accurate approximation models for the water wave problem that are commonly used in coastal oceanography to describe the propagation of large amplitude surface waves. A new two-dimensional asymptotic shallow-water extended Green-Naghdi system is derived which incorporates the arbitrary higher-order dispersive terms while preserving the full nonlinearity. A well-posedness result and a stability property is then ensured for the one-dimensional case when the bottom is flat and not flat taking into consid- eration a small e
Yeo, Zié. « Modèle numérique de conduction surfacique dans les dispositifs bidimensionnels - Prise en compte de non-linéarités ». Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140119.
Texte intégralMarty, Audrey. « Simulation numérique de l'usinage par outil coupant à l'échelle macroscopique : contribution à la définition géométrique de la surface usinée ». Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005762.
Texte intégralLe premier objectif a alors été de revenir à un cas simple : le tournage en coupe orthogonale. Ceci a permis de vérifier à nouveau la pertinence de notre démarche et de commencer l'analyse des algorithmes d'intersection par celle d'un cas simplifié. Un simulateur spécifique a été mis en place et des comparaisons avec des résultats expérimentaux sont montrées.
Le second objectif a été d'améliorer l'algorithme d'intersection dans le cas tridimensionnel en reprenant complètement les points de vue adoptés dans les travaux précédents du LMSP. Le travail d'intersection est maintenant effectué dans une configuration de référence matérielle de la pièce. Ceci, combiné à une analyse autorisant l'auto-intersection d'un modèle B-Rep, améliore la robustesse générale de l'algorithme. Les développements correspondants à ce travail ont été intégrés dans le logiciel Nessy du LMSP.
Schaer, Nicolas. « Modélisation des écoulements à surface libre de fluides non-newtoniens ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD033/document.
Texte intégralThe objective of this thesis is to develop a 3D numerical model to assess debris flow. These viscous flows, heavily loaded with solid matter, form when heavy rain occurs in mountains. Today, forecasts of potentially impacted areas are based on 0D, 1D and 2D numerical tools. However, these tools cannot fully represent the free surface behaviour of debris flows due to the approximations and assumptions on which they are based. Thus, this work utilises a 3D numerical code to study this phenomenon. A specific model is built with real field data. Several flow scenarios are studied and compared with a 2D numerical model. The results highlight the significant benefits of a 3D approach by providing information on the fine representation of flow dynamics over the catchment area. The model also predicts the impact of debris flow (overflowing on a road bridge) and the zones of deposition and spreading. It highlights possible congestion phenomena and reproduces flows in the channels by fully accounting for parietal friction, capabilities not provided by 2D models. Prior to this application, the 3D model was evaluated with five sets of experimental data to validate its ability to represent viscoplastic flows. Different types of flows are studied and are representative of those observed on real sites when debris flow occur
Darbani, Mohsen. « Approche sans maillage basée sur la Méthode des Eléments Naturels (NEM), pour les écoulements bidimensionnels à surface libre ». Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1851.
Texte intégralSolving equation with free surface often encounters numerical difficulties related to excessive mesh distortion as is the case of dambreak or breaking waves. In this work we explore the meshfree technique based on the Natural Element Method(NEM) to simulate the 2D fluid flow in presence of strong gradients. The equations considered here are those of Saint-Venant shallow water where we consider the full non-linear equations, with a transient flow under the Coriolis effect. The nonlinear terms are computed by using a Lagrangian technique based on the method of the characteristics. This will allow us to avoid setting up a numerical algorithm, like Newton-Raphson’s, which tend to extend the computing time. However, the management of boundary conditions remains a major difficulty in meshless methods. We have therefore defined a thin geometrical domain close to the boundaries and a domain for computing that will be submitted to nodal enrichment, when the particles leave the computational domain
El, Habachi Aimad Abdeslam. « Propagation de la variabilité de la morphologie humaine sur le débit d'absorption spécifique en dosimétrie numérique ». Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583723.
Texte intégralBoughanem, Hicham. « Evaluation des termes de transport et de dissipation de surface de flamme par simulation numérique directe de la combustion turbulente ». Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES040.
Texte intégralAhmad, Alexandre. « Animation de structures déformables et modélisation des interactions avec un fluide basées sur des modèles physiques ». Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/4f73d6f8-b8f0-4794-924b-8f827db44689/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4046.pdf.
Texte intégralThe presented works' main focus is the interaction of liquids and thin shells, such as sheets of paper, fish fins and even clothes. Even though such interactions is an every day scenario, few research work in the computer graphics community have investigated this phenomenon. Thereby, I propose an algorithm which resolves contacts between Lagrangian fluids and deformable thin shells. Visual artefacts may appear during the surface extraction procedure due to the proximity of the fluids and the shells. Thus, to avoid such artefacts, I propose a visibility algorithm which projects the undesired overlapping volume of liquid onto the thin shells' surface. In addition, an intuitive parametrisation model for the definition of heterogeneous friction coefficients on a surface is presented. I also propose two optimisation methods. The first one reduces the well-known dependency of numerical stability and the timestep when using explicit schemes by filtering particles' velocities. This reduction is quantified with the use of frequency analysis. The second optimisation method is a unified dynamic spatial acceleration model, composed of a hierarchical hash table data structure, that speeds up the particle neighbourhood query and the collision broad phase. The proposed unified model is besides used to efficiently prune unnecessary computations during the surface extraction procedure
Mohamed, Ali Debyaoui. « Contribution à la modélisation mathématique et numérique pour des modèles d'écoulement non-linéaires dispersifs en eaux peu profondes ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0002.
Texte intégralThis work focuses on the modeling and mathematical analysis of asymptotic models used in oceanography describing long wave propagation.This thesis aims to derive and justify new asymptotic models taking into account the variation in topography and cross-section.To do so, several hypotheses are formulated on water depth and cross-sectional deformations. The first part of this thesis is to put the problem into equations, and to find asymptotic models and study them mathematically, see the linear analysis of dispersion and shoaling.In the second part, a one-dimensional model of section-averaged long waves is developed. Three-dimensional equations of motion of non-viscous and incompressible fluids are first integrated over a cross-section of the channel, resulting in the SGN-type equations. Therefore, the new model is adequate to describe fully non-linear and weakly dispersive waves along a channel of an arbitrary and non-uniform cross-section. Specifically, the new model extends the Saint-Venant model to cross-section mean and generalizes the Serre-Green-Naghdi equations to any cross-section.This new model has been reformulated in a way more appropriate for numerical resolution by maintaining the same order of accuracy as the original and improving its propertiesof dispersion. Finally, we present some numerical simulations to study the influence of the change of section on the propagation of a solitary wave.The last part of this thesis is devoted to the numerical simulation of the SGN model with a new reformulation