Sommaire
Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Modèles membranaires lipidiques »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Modèles membranaires lipidiques ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Thèses sur le sujet "Modèles membranaires lipidiques"
Lagoueyte, Catherine. « Influence du pH sur l'interaction de la cystéamine avec des systèmes membranaires modèles : Etude par RMN 15N et 1H ». Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13517.
Texte intégralDebret, Gaëlle. « Etude par Modélisation Moléculaire des Propriétés Mécaniques d'un Système Membranaire : le Canal mécanosensible Mscl au sein de Bicouches Lipidiques Modèles ». Paris 7, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189606.
Texte intégralMechanosensitive channels of large conductance are integral membrane proteins that permit the bacterium to survive when hypo-osmotic shock occurs. Their principal characteristic is to open in response to a mechanical stress : a tension of the membrane. Understanding their mode of activation is necessary to work out a global model of the mechanism of sensitivity to membrane tension. We studied the first stages of the gating mechanism of MscL induced by membrane thinning, as well as the interactions controlling these conformational changes by moleculardynamics simulations. The comparison of principal component analysis of the trajectories and the directions given by the normal modes enabled us to highlight the influence of the membrane on the intrinsic dynamics of the channel. We then studied MscL channels from various organisms and having different sensitivities. Significant differences between the behaviours of the two Systems plunged in membranes of variable thickness were highlighted. These differences led us to explore the role of the various domains and in particular the role of the periplasmic loops by building hybrid channels by combination of domains from different organisms. The results obtained confirm the fundamental role of the periplasmic loops in the sensitivity of the MscL
Largueze, Jean-Baptiste. « Modèles membranaires biomimétiques pour l'incorporation du cytochrome bc1 des chaînes de transfert d'électrons photosynthétiques de Rhodobacter sphaeroides ». Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1927.
Texte intégralThe realization of supported lipid bilayers was realized inside the pores of a nanoporous alumina electrode. Three kinds of model membranes were studied: an alumina supported bilayer and a biotine/streptavidin or a PEG2000 tethered bilayer. The bilayer formation inside the pores was accomplished by a PEG8000-triggered fusion of liposomes. The lipid bilayer characterization was then followed by electrochemical reduction of ubiquinone incorporated in the liposomes. The PEG2000 tethered model inside the nanoporous electrode was shown to behave as a biosensor for membranotropic molecules. At last, we tested the reconstitution of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome bc1 inside the tethered model
Barnoud, Jonathan. « Interaction entre modèles de membranes biologiques et nanoparticules, une études par simulation moléculaire ». Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077260.
Texte intégralBiological membranes have a crucial role in cells as they form their outer boundary with the plasma membrane, but also the inner boundaries as they border the organelles. Membranes regulate the flow of matter, information, and energy in all cell compartments. A membrane functions are tightly attached to its composition, so alterations of a membrane composition can alter the membrane function. Such change in composition can be due to the addition of exogenous molecules as drugs or pollutants. How these exogenous molecules alter membrane properties is not always known nor understood. In addition, the chemical environment of a molecule affects the its behavior; therefore, exogenous molecules embedded in a lipid membrane can be affected by the membrane. The molecular details of this effect on small molecules are not fully understood. In this thesis, I used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of carbon nanoparticules on the properties of membrane models, and the effect of these membranes on nanoparticules. I showed that polystyrene nanoparticules alter some membrane properties, especially the lipid lateral organization. Other hydrophobie molecules affect lipid lateral organization. This effect depends on the molecule: aromatic molecules, including C60 fullerene, stabilize the separation of the lipids; on the contrary, aliphatic molecules mix the lipids. C60 fullerene also destabilize lung surfactant. I investigated the effect of membrane properties on the dimerization of transmembrane peptides. Finally I characterized how C60 fullerene aggregate less in a lipid membrane than in chemically similar bulk alkanes
Ury-Thiery, Vicky. « Agrégation in vitro de la protéine amyloïde Tau et étude de son impact sur des modèles membranaires par différentes méthodes biophysiques ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0440.
Texte intégralNeurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, affect cognitive and motor functions. They are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons, with no possibility of regeneration. With an aging population, these predominantly age-related diseases represent a major societal challenge. The lack of early diagnosis, effective treatments, and understanding of the underlying mechanisms highlights the need for further investigation. Patients suffering from these diseases exhibit abnormal protein accumulations in the form of insoluble aggregates, within or near brain cells. Although each proteinopathy presents specific aggregates, they share common features, notably their amyloid structure. These amyloids, formed by the misfolded protein monomers’ self-assembly through stacking, adopt a characteristic cross-β structure. Several pathogenic amyloid proteins have been identified and are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. The Tau protein, implicated in Alzheimer’s disease and more broadly in a group of dementias known as tauopathies, is primarily located in neurons, where it stabilizes microtubules, structural elements of the cellular cytoskeleton. However, under pathological conditions, Tau dissociates from the microtubules, becomes hyperphosphorylated, and forms fibrillar amyloid aggregates. The exact mechanisms of this aggregation remain poorly understood. The study of Tau aggregation relies on the in vitro production of amyloid fibers. Due to its high solubility associated with its positive charge, fiber formation requires the addition of polyanionic molecules, called cofactors, such as heparin (a polysaccharide), RNA, or lipids. However, uncertainties remain regarding the exact role of these cofactors: do they simply catalyze aggregation, or are they integrated into the fiber structure? If so, what impact does this have on the morphology of the aggregates? Tau's ability to aggregate in the presence of lipids raises questions about its behavior in relation to the different membranes of neurons. Tau’s interaction with plasma membranes has been demonstrated and may play a role in both physiological and pathological processes. Does Tau, in the presence of anionic lipids, compromise membrane integrity? What about non-anionic lipids? To address these questions, this thesis project combines several biophysical approaches: attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and plasmon waveguide resonance (PWR). The study is structured around two main axes: (i) characterizing Tau aggregation in the presence of different anionic cofactors (heparin, RNA, phospholipids) and studying their impact on fiber morphology; (ii) assessing the effect of Tau's interaction with lipid membranes of varying compositions on membrane integrity. The results of this thesis provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of Tau and may contribute to a better understanding of tauopathies as well as the development of therapeutic strategies
Lamrabte, Abdelaziz. « Contribution à l'étude des transferts de charges électriques membranaires : modélisation des étapes primaires de la photosynthèse par incorporation de suèpramolécules dans des membranes ultraminces ». Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20126.
Texte intégralSocrier, Larissa. « Influence de la localisation d’antioxydants sur la peroxydation des lipides membranaires : étude du mode d’action de dérivés PBN et de composés phénoliques ». Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2382/document.
Texte intégralReactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential in living cells as they intervene in several physiological processes like the immune system and signaling pathways. However, an excess of the production of ROS can alter the equilibrium with antioxidants. This imbalance is called oxidative stress. As oxidative stress has been reported to be implicated in more than 200 diseases, the action of antioxidants to limit the deleterious effects of ROS is crucial. The antioxidants used by the cells can be chemical. Among them, α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) is widely used in biological systems to neutralize ROS. Because this molecule possesses a poor ability to target membranes, our collaborators synthesized amphiphilic nitrones bearing a PBN moiety. The first chapter describes the interactions of cholesterol derived PBN derivatives with the membrane. Results underlined the influence of the polar moiety on the nature of their interactions with membrane lipids. In addition, the evaluation of the antioxidant properties revealed the importance of the membrane localization of the nitrone moiety on the protective activity of the derivatives. The second chapter deals with a second set of amphiphilic nitrones that have the particularity of bearing a perfluorinated chain that constitutes the hydrophobic moiety. We noticed the membrane localization is important for the antioxidant efficiency; however the nature of the antioxidant moiety remains the most important parameter in this case. Finally, the strategy of grafting two different antioxidants on the same carrier seems to be promising to enhance the protective effect and create a synergistic antioxidant effect. However, cells also use natural antioxidants to defend themselves. These antioxidants come from food, especially from vegetables and fruits. Among them, phenolic compounds are known for their beneficial effects on health. Flavonoïds, phenolic acids, stilbenes and lignans constitute the 4 main classes of phenolic compounds. Lignans are particularly present in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum). Flaxseed is the plant that possesses the highest quantity of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. In order to understand their mechanisms of action and their interactions with membranes, lignans as well as hydroxycinnamic acids were purified from flaxseed. The third chapter describes the results obtained on model membranes. Generally speaking, both classes of compounds are efficient against lipid oxidation. Studying their interactions with membrane lipids allowed us to show that the mechanism of lignans, that penetrate membranes, is more efficient than the mechanism of hydroxycinnamic acids
Buffiere, Anne. « Etude de l’importance de la kinase LCK, des radeaux lipidiques et de la sécrétion autocrine de l’interleukine 7 dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques T, via des modèles de souris humanisées ». Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCI001.
Texte intégralMy PhD work concerns T-cells acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and includes two projects. The first one, Saracatinib impairs maintenance of human T-ALL by targeting the LCK tyrosine kinase in cells displaying high level of lipid rafts, allow us to identify a new signaling pathway important for the proliferation of T-ALL cells. We showed that LCK is localized into lipid rafts and is involved in the growth of T-ALL cells. The LCK inhibitor Saracatinib affects T-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo by targeting the most aggressive cells displaying high level of lipid rafts. These results highlight a new therapeutic strategy to treat T-ALL and were published in Leukemia in January 2018. The second project, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia produces autocrine interleukin 7, demonstrated for the first time that T-ALL cells are able to produce IL-7 cytokine. We performed an analysis of epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of this autocrine secretion. Our results showed that when the IL-7 gene promoter is low methylated, Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF-1) and (IRF-2) transcription factors bind IRF-E sequence and upregulate IL-7 gene transcription. Thanks to IL 7 gene inactivation in one of our T ALL models, we demonstrated that autocrine secretion promotes leukemia development on xenografted mice through increasing engraftment cells capacity and leukemia initiating cells number. Thus, epigenetic regulation of IL-7 autocrine secretion may be involved in the leukemogenesis of T-ALL
Fadel, Ophélie. « Étude des propriétés interfaciales de polyphénols modèles : compréhension des mécanismes d'action au niveau membranaire ». Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2012.
Texte intégralOxidative stress in biological systems is controlled by the balance between pro- and antioxidants. The protective effect of antioxidant molecules is crucial to preserve the functions of biomolecules that can be degraded by an oxidative stress. DNA, proteins and lipids are the major targets. The protective efficiency of antioxidant may then depend on the oxidizable substrate and their cellular location : near areas where prooxidants are produced or near the biomolecular targets of oxidant attacks. Polyphenols are natural antioxidants commonly distributed in the plant-kingdom and our diet. Their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress constitutes an emerging field of research. We studied some polyphenols belonging to different classes (phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans) to establish a relationship between structure, membrane insertion and antioxidant activity. To better understand their biological activity, we investigated the ability of polyphenols to interact with lipid membranes by using models such as liposomes and Langmuir monolayers. We highlighted the different parameters involved in their activity. Thanks to their structure, polyphenols scavenge free radicals efficiently. They are able to insert spontaneously into lipid vesicles. Thus, their location at the polar headgroups of phospholipids and their ability to increase lipid order in fluid phase would enable them to improve their efficacy. Furthermore, polyphenols would insert into biological membranes without altering their physicochemical properties and exhibit a greater affinity for unsaturated lipids, which are the targets of the oxydation. Finally, the antioxidant efficacy of polyphenols against lipid peroxidation would be explained by the activty of molecules found both in the membrane and in the external compartment
Loudet-Courrèges, Cécile. « Les bicelles biphényles : un nouveau modèle de biomenbrane pour l'étude de protéines membranaires par RMN des solides ». Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13306.
Texte intégral