Thèses sur le sujet « Modèle léger »
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Miled, Karim. « Effet de taille dans le béton léger de polystyrène expansé ». Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001820.
Texte intégralYalcin, Christmann Ipek. « Implication des systèmes sérotonergique et noradrénergique dans les effets du tramadol dans le modèle du stress chronique léger imprédictible ». Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4013.
Texte intégralTramadol is a centrally acting clinically effective analgesic which inhibits noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake. This study was planned to investigate the possible antidepressant-like effects of tramadol (20 mg/kg) in the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model of depression in BALB/c mice and we also searched the participation of serotonergic and noradrenergic system. Desipramine was used like a positive control. Tramadol and desipramine reversed the physical and behavioural abnormalities induced by the UCMS. Furthermore, the lesion of the dorsal raphe magnus (DRN) by 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7- DHT) antagonized the antidepressant-like effects of tramadol and desipramine on the coat state, in the splash test in stressed mice but not non-stressed mice. The results obtained by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that level of the 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) was reduced by the 5,7- DHT lesion in some brain regions. In contrast, the level of NA, Dopamine (DA), Homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3, 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) did not change by the 5, 7-DHT lesion. Moreover the UCMS regimen diminished the level of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, NA and DA in some brain regions. Furthermore, the contribution of the 5-HT1A receptors to the antidepressant-like effects of tramadol was searched by the 5-HT1A/1B receptor antagonist pindolol (10 mg/kg); we observed neither significant acceleration nor diminution by pindolol on the actions of desipramine and tramadol. In the last part, we measured the NA and its metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) levels via HPLC in stressed mice. The chronic treatment with desipramine and/or tramadol significantly augmented MHPG and/or NA level in the locus coeruleus (LC), hypothalamus and hippocampus but not in cerebellum. Moreover, desipramine and tramadol induced antidepressant-like effects in the UCMS model can be blocked by propranolol (non-selective -adrenoreceptor antagonist, 5 mg/kg), ICI 118,551 (selective 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, 2 mg/kg) and yohimbine (selective 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, 2 mg/kg). Taken together these results suggest that tramadol has an antidepressant-like effect in the UCMS model, which is mediated by both serotonergic and noradrenergic system
Roussel, Clément. « Expérimentation d’un gravimètre mobile léger et novateur pour la mesure du champ de gravité en fond de mer ». Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1099/document.
Texte intégralOne of the major challenges of modern gravimetry consists in determining mathematical models and digital maps of the Earth’s gravity field, the reliability of which is identical whatever the spatial scale considered in terrestrial, coastal, marine and submarine domains. Today, the harmonics of high degree corresponding to the short wavelengths of the gravity field are still affected by great uncertainties due to the diversity and the differences in precision and resolution of the gravimetric techniques making it possible to reach them. The main obstacle to improve the resolution and accuracy of models is that gravimetry and gradiometry mobile devices, the only instruments that allow homogeneous precision and spatial resolution acquisitions, are still bulky and energy-intensive, which prohibits their installation on terrestrial, aerial, surface and submarine drones. The interest of this type of carrier is to make acquisitions very close to the sources which considerably increases the restitution of the local variations of the gravity. The development of a new type of gravimetric sensor with small size and lower energy consumption appears therefore essential to answer the problematic posed by the measurement of the short wavelenghts of the gravity field.As part of its research in gravimetry, the Laboratoire Géomatique et Foncier (Cnam/GeF EA 4630), in collaboration with the Laboratory for Research Geodesy (LAREG) of the National Institute for Geographic and Forest Information (IGN), the Oceanic Domains Laboratory (LDO, UMR, CNRS 6538, UBO), the French Research Institute for the Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER) and the Marine Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM), develops an innovative instrument which allows the dynamic measurement of the Earth’s gravity field in the subsea domain.The system, called GraviMob (Gravimetry Mobile System), does not require a stabilized platform and is rigidly attached to the carrier vehicule, in this case an Autonomous Underwater Vehicule (AUV). The heart of the system consists of triads of accelerometers, allowing a vector measurement of the gravity. A Kalman filter, integrating the position and orientation data of the carrier vehicle, performs the estimation of the gravity field in a frame adapted to its interpretation. This instrumental prototype has been tested in the Mediterranean Sea during the year 2016. The comparison of the gravimetric signal obtained near the seabed with the surface gravimetric profiles, previously acquired by the SHOM, indicates a repeatability of the general trend of the gravimetric signal to within 5 mGal.This manuscript deals successively with the establishment of the observation equation of the GraviMob system, the calibration and orientation of the accelerometers, the gravity field estimation strategy by a Kalman filter, integrating an evolution model of the gravity field components and an observation model taking the measurement noise into account, the processing and analysis of the measurements acquired during its experimentation in the Mediterranean Sea, then the comparison of the gravimetric signal obtained with the reference data
Samuth, Benjamin. « Ηybrid mοdels cοmbining deep neural representatiοns and nοn-parametric patch-based methοds fοr phοtοrealistic image generatiοn ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC249.
Texte intégralImage generation has encountered great progress thanks to the quickevolution of deep neural models. Their reach went beyond thescientific domain and thus multiple legitimate concerns and questionshave been raised, in particular about how the training data aretreated. On the opposite, lightweight and explainable models wouldbe a fitting answer to these emerging problematics, but their qualityand range of applications are limited.This thesis strives to build “hybrid models”. They would efficientlycombine the qualities of lightweight or frugal methods with theperformance of deep networks. We first study the case of artisticstyle transfer with a multiscale and constrained patch-basedmethod. We qualitatively find out the potential of perceptual metricsin the process. Besides, we develop two hybrid models forphotorealistic face generation, each built around a pretrainedauto-encoder. The first model tackles the problem of few-shot facegeneration with the help of latent patches. Results shows a notablerobustness and convincing synthesis with a simple patch-basedsequential algorithm. The second model uses Gaussian mixtures modelsas a way to generalize the previous method to wider varieties offaces. In particular, we show that these models perform similarly toother neural methods, while removing a non-negligible number ofparameters and computing steps at the same time
Marguet, Bruno. « Enrichissement de modèles de comportement dynamique de véhicules de transport guidés par confrontation modale ». Valenciennes, 1990. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/97f5ea66-6d50-48bd-9504-08e62db3d20c.
Texte intégralLe, Corre Solen. « Higgs boson phenomenology beyond the Standard Model ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1028.
Texte intégralFollowing the discovery of the Higgs boson in June 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider, the particle collider located beneath the France-Switzerland border, interest in the study of the scalar sector in elementary particle physics significantly increased. In particular, as the Higgs boson plays a very special role in the Standard Model of particle physics, experimentalists study its properties with great care.The goal of the Standard Model is to describe the interactions between elementary particles. However the theory is not quite complete. Indeed, in addition to some purely theoretical problems, a number of experimental observations cannot be explained by the Standard Model. Theorists are therefore looking for a more comprehensive theory able to fully explain the observations.This thesis is based on the study of the scalar sector of two different extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. I have worked on the Two-Higgs Doublet Model – this model is purely effective but can be included in more comprehensive theories – as well as on a model based on a combination of Technicolor and Composite Higgs theories in the framework of the SU (4) ? Sp(4) symmetry breaking pattern. I studied the latter via an effective approach but the full theory is able to get rid of some of the pitfalls of the Standard Model.These two models include a scalar sector that is richer than the one found in the Standard Model and contain at least one particle which can be assimilated to the Higgs boson discovered at the LHC.I performed a phenomenological study for these two models and tested them against both theoretical and experimental constraints. In particular I used the latest studies on the 125 GeV Higgs boson and on possible additional scalars performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. The application of all these constraints drastically reduced the available parameter space of the two models. In particular it narrowed the possible mass range of the additional scalars, allowing to know more accurately where to search them experimentally in order to prove or rule out their possible existence.As of today the two theories I worked on are still not excluded by the latest experimentaldata
Fagot, Alain. « Réexécution déterministe pour un modèle procédural parallèle basé sur les processus légers ». Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004942.
Texte intégralKharbach, Ali. « Etude de systèmes nucléaires légers par le modèle microscopique de la coordonnée génératrice ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211811.
Texte intégralPierrot, François. « Robots pleinement parallèles légers : conception, modélisation et commande ». Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20060.
Texte intégralCoguenanff, Corentin. « Conception robuste aux incertitudes des systèmes légers bois envibro-acoustique linéaire ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1166/document.
Texte intégralBeing able to understand and predict the vibroacoustic behavior of lightweight wood-based building systems contitute a serious scientific concern. In 2015, acoustic comfort investigation claims that unsatisfactions are expressed with respect to around 50% of such constructions. In particular, low frequency discomfort is target of criticism. A methodology was proposed, currently running through standardisation process, which translates the individual performance of the building systems into a global building performance index. The challenge consequently lies in the prediction of the individual performances in regard to the wide spread of wood based designs. In this research, a methodology is introduced for the construction of computational models able to handle the complexity and diversity of the systems, constituted of multiple boards, stiffeners, cavities and poroelastic media. Structural excitations of the system are constructed according to standard evaluation procedures. Then, a probabilistic approach is undertaken in order to take into account the uncertainty problematic, inherent to lightweight wood based constructions. In particular, stochastic inverse problems are constructed to identify, from experimental measurements, hyperparameters associated with ad hoc probabilistic models. Eventually, uncertainty quantification can be performed in regard to predicted performance in laboratory conditions. Following, robust optimal designs are sought in the presence of uncertainties. No continuous mapping from the search space of the configurations to the space of the fitness functions representative of the objective performance exists and derivatives cannot be defined. By way of consequence, the class of the evolutionnary algorithm, suited to discrete search spaces as well as multi-objective optimisation, is chosen. Considered optimisation problems displayed preferential directions of the genetic algorithm towards stiffest admissible designs
Humbert, Laurent. « Modélisation thermique et cinétique du vapocraquage de mélanges gazeux légers ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30005.
Texte intégralThis memo describes the development of a steam-cracking furnace model to optimise furnace operating conditions. The model is a knowledge model using heat transfer laws, pressure drop equation and simplified kinetic reactions scheme. The coking model and its effects on furnace operations are taken into account in model. Coke is the principal constraint which reduces run length and decreases the selectivity of steam cracking operations. The first part of this report describes the literature and the existing tools. It presents also the version developed for Lavera old horizontal gas furnaces cracking. The second part is development, tuning and validation of the model for new vertical furnaces. The kinetic scheme from the previous version has been tuned by little adjustment of the kinetic constants. Heat transfer, pressure drop and coking models are updated with new laws to improve the results of the models and to take into account of the new technology of the furnace. Then, the model has been tuned on a large set of industrial data and validated following a sever procedure before use in simulation. Applications of the model, which are the justification of the work progressed, are described in the third part. The first application is to follow actual runs to check the running conditions of the furnace and to detect as soon as possible any unexpected event. The second application is optimisation of turn operating conditions to improve the benefit of the plant. .
Bennaceur, Karim. « Théorie microscopique des noyaux exotiques légers. Modèles en couches avec couplage au continuum ». Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817911.
Texte intégralPothion, Stéphanie. « Déficits comportementaux liés au stress chronique léger imprévisible chez différentes lignées de souris adultes et âgées ». Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4021.
Texte intégralEnvironmental factors influence the development of major depression. The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model consists to expose mice to differents stressors that mimic stressful events of life. In our study, UCMS induced physical and behavioural alterations in mice : weight loss, sucrose consumption reduction, memory deficit, similar to the symptomatology of human depression. The alterations were different according to the age of animals and according to the strain of mice, suggesting a difference of sensitivity to stress according to the age and the genetic influence in depression. The efficacity of an antidepressant in the restauration of the normal behaviour has also been shown in mice exposed to UCMS. Therefore, the UCMS model allowed the investigation of stress effects on depressive state, cognitive deficits and aging
Chanut, Stéphane. « Modélisation dynamique macroscopique de l'écoulement d'un trafic routier hétérogène poids lourds et véhicules légers ». Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0040/these.pdf.
Texte intégralThe traffic composition is one of the phenomenon that road managers have to address. In particular a question arises: the impact on the flow of trucks. This thesis proposes a traffic flow model making it possible to describe the behavior of a heterogeneous traffic. This proposed model is a macroscopic one, with two classes. The traffic is described like a continuous flow and is assumed to be composed of two homogeneous classes: trucks and passenger cars, which are different from their speeds and their lengths. The model is completely solved and a numerical resolution is built with a Godunov scheme. A particular attention is paid to the passing phenomenon and its effects on the flow by a specific modelling. The applications of the model are numerous, in particular for what concerns the test of regulation strategies for a heterogeneous traffic
Neveu, Jeremy. « Contraintes expérimentales sur des modèles à champ scalaire léger en cosmologie et physique des particules (expériences SNLS et CMS) ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066233/document.
Texte intégralThe nature of dark energy and dark matter is still unknown today. Light scalar field models have been proposed to explain the late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe and the apparent abundance of non-baryonic matter. In the first part of this thesis, the Galileon theory, a well-posed modified gravity theory preserving the local gravitation thanks to the Vainshtein screening effect, is accurately tested against recent cosmological data. Observational constraints are derived on the model parameters using cosmological distance and growth rate of structure measurements. A good agreement is observed between data and theory predictions. The Galileon theory appears therefore as a promising alternative to the cosmological constant scenario. In the second part, the dark matter question is explored through an extra-dimension theory containing massive and stable scalar fields called Branons. Branon production is searched for in the proton-proton collisions that were collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with a single photon and transverse missing energy are selected in this data set and compared to the Standard Model and instrumental background estimates. No signature of new physics is observed, so experimental limits on the Branon model parameters are derived. This thesis concludes with some ideas to reach an unified description of both models in the frame of extra-dimension theories
Leloup, Clément. « Contraintes expérimentales sur des modèles avec champ scalaire léger dans le secteur sombre en cosmologie et physique des particules ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS303/document.
Texte intégralThis PhD thesis presents constraints on the parameters of a cosmological model, the galileon model, and a particle physics model, the branon model. Both are extensions of the standard models that include an additional scalar field and that can be built from extra dimensions theories. The galileon model propose an alternative to the cosmological constant as the nature of dark energy, and the branon model give a dark matter particle candidate. The first part of this thesis shows the predictions of the galileon model and the results obtained from their comparison with recent cosmological and astrophysical observations. The set of observations used contains the cosmic microwave background, cosmological distances measurements and the detection of gravitational waves along with their electromagnetic counterpart from the merger of a binary star system. The study shows that the galileon model has serious difficulties to reproduce these observations. The second part describe the search for branons in proton-proton collisions data at 13 TeV collected in 2016 with the Compact Muon Solenoid at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with high energy jets, produced by a quark, a gluon or a vector boson decaying hadronically, and missing transverse energy in the final state are selected and compared to background estimations. No excess of event has been found allowing for experimental constraints to be put in the parameter space of the branon model
Ebnöther, Fabien. « Optimisation d'une structure gaufrée pour la conception de panneaux sandwichs légers ». Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00771256.
Texte intégralShink, Mélanie. « Compatibilité élastique, comportement mécanique et optimisation des bétons de granulats légers ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20771/20771.pdf.
Texte intégralKe, Yang. « Caractérisation du comportement mécanique des bétons de granulats légers : expérience et modélisation ». Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0395.pdf.
Texte intégralAn approach combining both experimental techniques and micromechanical modelling is developed in order to characterise elastic and fracture behaviours of lightweight aggregate concretes (LWAC). More than 300 LWAC specimens with various lightweight aggregates types (5) of several volume ratios and 3 different mortar matrices (normal, hp, vhp) were tested. With this experimental data basis, the influences of mix design parameters and of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) on concretes performances are quantitatively analysed. The modelling is based on iterative homogenisation and localization techniques and includes the ITZ. Confrontations with experimental results allow identifying the elastic moduli and compressive strengths of LWA, which are difficult to obtain by experiments. Whereas the traditional empirical formulas are insufficiently precise, the predictions of LWAC behaviours computed with the micromechanical models appear in good agreement with experimental measurements
François, Patrick. « Nucléosynthèse des métaux légers : observations à haute résolution spectrale et comparaison aux modèles d'évolution galactique ». Observatoire de Paris, 1986. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02095285.
Texte intégralTcheikh, Said Abdou Ben Ali. « Développement d'un simulateur de l'atterrissage d'un avion. Méthode appliquée à un Train d'atterrissage principal d'un avion léger : cas d'un Jet régional (Learjet 45) ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30539/30539.pdf.
Texte intégralAlthough an aircraft landing gear has a well-known role of allowing the aircraft to complete its movement during landing, taxiing and takeoff, some works are still required today in order to obtain an efficient, more reliable and environmentally friendly landing gear structure. The scope of this project is to develop a numerical simulator of an aircraft landing taking into account the dynamic of the landing gear and the internal design of the shock strut. Landing gear design can be affected by phenomena such as sudden temperature variations as well as extreme temperatures. This can change the behavior of the hydraulic fluid of the shock strut. This work will be conducted by developing a mathematical model computer code in VBA that describes the landing gear physical function. The role of a landing gear shock strut is to absorb the kinetic energy during the landing, taxiing and takeoff phases of the aircraft. The landing gear shock strut is an assembly of different chambers that have a well-defined role. These chambers contain a gas and a hydraulic fluid and work together to provide the force required to maintain the system. These aspects are combined in a numerical code developed with VBA. In this project the effect of the tires was taken into account and characterized using two different models (finite elements and analytical model) using two different numerical tools (Abaqus and Adams). The scope is to compare and see how the two models are able to describe the energy absorption process.
Ruffine, Livio. « Équilibres de phases à basse température de systèmes complexes CO2 - hydrocarbures légers - méthanol - eau : mesures et modélisation ». Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10160.
Texte intégralViot, Hugo. « Modélisation et instrumentation d'un bâtiment et de ses systèmes pour optimiser sa gestion énergétique ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0349/document.
Texte intégralThe building sector is forced to reduce its energy consumption in a context of high energy prices and global warming. Proper control of building energy systems can be an important lever to move towards this goal. The main goal of this work is to obtain small size buildings models in order to use it in a controller to improve energy management. The inputs of these models are fed in real-time with available measurements on site. A demonstration building at the IUT Civil Engineering and Sustainable Construction of Bordeaux serves as experimental support for the project. This work consists of four parts. The first one is to make lightweight models based on the electrical analogy and state-space representation to describe the dynamics of the building on upcoming days. The second part concerns the instrumentation of the building because short measurement campaigns are carried out to identify the model parameter values to minimize the gap between model output and measurement. Some sensors are then used for energy management of the building; thus this work also raise the question of the minimum set of sensors. The third address the characterization of the systems used to control air temperature. For an optimal control logic we must be able to link the effect of the command on the interest variable (air temperature). The demonstration building includes two heating systems : floor heating system (FHS) and fan coil units (FC). A dual flow air handling unit (AHU) is used for air renewal. The last part concerns energy management with the use of a predictive controller boarding one of the identified models. This project intends to anticipate the control of long time response capacitive systems as floor heating through knowledge of future disturbances on a prediction horizon of a few hours (occupation, weather). A reactive control is ensured by the fan coil units. Predictive management is compared to more conventional management strategies in simulation and on-site with the demonstrator building. The originality of this work is to propose a method for the establishment of a full control loop (controller/sensor/actuator) and demonstrate an interest in the predictive management of long response time systems in the building sector
Baiocco, Giorgio. « Vers une reconstruction des propriétés thermiques des noyaux légers par le biais de réactions de fusion-évaporation ». Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2003.
Texte intégralThis thesis work has been developed in the framework of a new experimental campaign, proposed by the NUCL-EX Collaboration (INFN III Group), in order to progress in the understanding of the statistical properties of light nuclei, at excitation energies above particle emission threshold, by measuring exclusive data from fusion-evaporation reactions. The determination of the nuclear level density in the A~20 region, the understanding of the statistical behavior of light nuclei with excitation energies ~3 A. MeV, and the measurement of observables linked to the presence of cluster structures of nuclear excited levels are the main physics goals of this work. On the theory side, the contribution to this project given by this work lies in the development of a dedicated Monte-Carlo Hauser-Feshbach code for the evaporation of the compound nucleus. The experimental part of this thesis has consisted in the participation to the measurement 12C+12C at 95 MeV beam energy, at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - INFN, using the GARFIELD+Ring Counter(RCo) set-up, from the beam-time request to the data taking, data reduction, detector calibrations and data analysis. Different results of the data analysis are presented in this thesis, together with a theoretical study of the system, performed with the new statistical decay code. As a result of this work, constraints on the nuclear level density at high excitation energy for light systems ranging from C up to Mg are given. Moreover,pre-equilibrium effects, tentatively interpreted as alpha-clustering effects, are put in evidence, both in the entrance channel of the reaction and in the dissipative dynamics on the path towards thermalisation
Duplan, François. « Composites cimentaires à module d'élasticité contrôlé : conception, caractérisation et modélisation micromécanique ». Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30031.
Texte intégralThis PhD was realized thanks to a CIFRE partnership between the company Menard and the university of Toulouse. The purpose of this PhD was to develop and study new cement-based materials destined for the CMC (controlled modulus columns) technique. This technique belongs to a wider family of ground improvement processes called rigid (or semi-rigid) inclusions, which are soil-stiffening techniques. Those cement-based materials shall respect the company specifications regarding fresh and hardened state properties. The first goal was to design mixtures compositions which properties at fresh and hardened state respect the company specifications and are optimized for the application which they are destined for. A specific attention was given to the rigidity of the material, and its brittleness when it is reinforced by fibers. Mortars incorporating expanded clay aggregates, rubber aggregates and metallic fibers were developed. The second goal was to study the efficiency of regulatory building codes formulas with the developed mortars, since most of the developed mortars do not meet with the application scopes of the building codes. A few formulas turned out to be as efficient with the developed mortars as with regular structural concrete, while others turned out to be imprecise and unfavourable to security. The third goal was to predict the elastic properties of the linear elastic properties of the developed mortars thanks to a micromechanical model adapted to the specific needs of those specific materials. This model shall replace the empirical formulas advantageously for predicting the modulus of elasticity of the developed cement-based composites
Bury, Yannick. « Structure de jets légers ou lourds en écoulement externe fortement pulsé : expérimentation modèle du mélange de carburants gazeux dans les moteurs alternatifs ». Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT045H.
Texte intégralCouture, Étienne, et Étienne Couture. « Analyse des déterminants du taux de consommation des véhicules légers neufs au Québec, de 2003 à 2008 ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25115.
Texte intégralLes véhicules légers contribuent significativement à la demande de carburant et aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre au Québec. Ainsi, il importe de comprendre comment certains facteurs, en particulier le prix de l’essence, influencent l’efficacité énergétique des nouveaux véhicules. À l'aide d'un modèle statistique et de données de panel québécoises couvrant la période entre 2003 et 2008, nous obtenons une estimation de l'élasticité du taux de consommation moyen des véhicules neufs par rapport au prix du carburant approximativement entre −0.06 et −0.10. Cette estimation, qui tient compte de possibles ajustements de prix des manufacturiers, est robuste à différents types de spécifications. Selon nos observations, ce serait principalement par le choix de véhicules appartenant à une classe différente que les consommateurs réagissent aux changements de prix du carburant.
Lechner, Daniel. « Analyse du comportement dynamique des véhicules routiers légers : développement d'une méthodologie appliquée à la sécurité primaire ». Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1892_dlechner.pdf.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is to show how the knowledge of road vehicle dynamics can contribute to improve the primary safety level for the driver-vehicle-road system. After a presentation of the modeling tools used, mainly the multibody system modeling software MORGAN'S, taking advantage of the Lie Group formalism, the first part of the thesis deals with the development of different dynamic models for passenger cars. Their validity area is than determined by comparing simulation results with data collected on an instrumented car, driven by a professional driver on test tracks on a large panel of manoeuvers. This work clearly put in evidence, and mainly for application to accident analysis, the interest of simple models, with only 3 degrees of freedom for the car body, but for which many care is taken for their parameterization. In the second part of the thesis, the model with the best compromise between parameter simplicity, operating easiness and validity, is developed in order to emulate the intervention of stability control systems : models including 4WS and yaw moment control by differential braking are created. The potential of such devices to enable a significant improvement of primary safety appears really promising. In parallel, a specific model has been developed to be embedded on an instrumented car to run jointly with the acquisition device. The information coming from sensors is combined with the one coming from the model to build what has been called the "real time active safety diagnosis", showing different operating points characterizing the driver-vehicle system behaviour. This device could be further developed to identify objective criteria for the activation of stability control systems. In addition to the different vehicle dynamic models created, the final product of this thesis is thus a demonstrator of this innovating concept of active safety diagnosis, taking advantage of an embedded model
Messé, Arnaud. « Caractérisation de la relation structure-fonction dans le cerveau humain à partir de données d'IRM fonctionnelle et de diffusion : méthodes et applications cognitive et clinique ». Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845014.
Texte intégralLamonde, Bernard. « Estimation d'un modèle agrégé du nombre de kilomètres parcourus, du taux de consommation moyen de carburant et du nombre de véhicules légers au Canada ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24553/24553.pdf.
Texte intégralBiagi, Fabrice. « Production de fragments légers émis à petit angle dans les collisions Ar+noyau avec le détecteur DIOGENE. Comparaison avec divers modèles théoriques ». Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21267.
Texte intégralStanoiu, Mihai Alexandru. « Spectroscopie gamma en ligne de noyaux légers riches en neutrons produits par fragmentation de faisceau radioactif et mesures de temps de vie des niveaux excités dans les noyaux proches du 68Ni ». Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2010.
Texte intégralStanoiu, Mihai-Alexandru. « Spectroscopie gamma en ligne de noyaux légers riches en neutrons produits par fragmentation de faisceau radioactif et mesures de temps de vie des niveaux excités dans les noyaux proches de $^(68)$Ni ». Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002775.
Texte intégralDans la deuxième partie, une expérience concernant les noyaux isomères riches en neutrons autour de 68Ni produits par le spectromètre LISE est présentée. C'est la première fois que la méthode "fast timing" est appliquée à l'étude des noyaux produits par la fragmentation du projectile. Des temps de vie entre quelques dizaines de picosecondes et quelques nanosecondes ont été mesurés avec une grande précision pour plusieurs niveaux dans les noyaux 67,69,90Ni et 71,72Cu. Ces résultats ont permis de vérifier les prédictions du modèle en couches pour plusieurs transitions de type E2 et leurs probabilités de transitions B(E2) associées.
Tournadre, Vincent. « Métrologie par photogrammétrie aéroportée légère : application au suivi d'évolution de digues ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1131/document.
Texte intégralBy embarking a good quality consumer grade camera on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or on an ultralight system, it is possible to create – fully automatically – 3D models that are visually ''perfect'', or at least sufficient for visual or communication purposes. However, the accuracy of these methods is still a concern, especially if the resulting models are to be used as measuring tools. Linear acquisitions – also known as corridor mapping – are a striking example of the uncontrolled error propagation. A bowl effect is often observed, requiring multiple ground measurements to be overcome. These effects restrict the interest of such acquisitions. They are a challenge for the photogrammetrists community, the emerging civil UAV market, as well as many industrials interested in systems able to monitor ground deformations with an accuracy within a few millimeters (railway network surveillance, erosion of agricultural land, embankments monitoring,…).This thesis is an applied research project, led with a river concessionary which has the responsibility to maintain and keep under surveillance its containment dykes network. The purpose is to use light aerial systems as a mean for a monitoring system which is faster, cheaper, and more detailed than the topometric solutions used so far. First of all, we present a comparative study to understand, between UAVs and ultralight system, which tool is the most adapted for a specific need. We propose refined acquisition procedures, than can be used to limit operationally the drifts. In a second phase, we identify the internal camera model as the weak link, and propose a three steps auto-calibration procedure. Our tests led on linear acquisitions demonstrate that the external orientations accuracy are noticeably improved (from decimetric or even metric disparities, reduced to a few centimeters or less). In a third part, we propose an optimization of the adjustment on the ground control points, which is a way to limit the amount of ground measurements necessary. Finally, we present methods to control 3D models uncertainty, and through a diachronic analysis, examples of how such data can be used to monitor such structures through time
Atoui, Mariam. « Semileptonic B decays into charmed D( **) mesons from Lattice QCD ». Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933976.
Texte intégralAtoui, Mariam. « Désintégrations semileptoniques de méson B en D (**) dans le cadre de la QCD sur réseau ». Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957822.
Texte intégralMartin, Alexandre. « Calcul de la réponse à la déformation et au champ électrique dans le formalisme "Projector Augmented-Wave". Application au calcul de vitesse du son de matériaux d'intérêt géophysique ». Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1034/document.
Texte intégralThe internal composition of our planet is a large topic of study and involves many scientific disciplines. The extreme conditions of pressure and temperature prevailing inside the core (consisting primarily of iron and nickel) and the mantle (consisting mainly of perovskites) make the determination of the exact compositions very difficult. This thesis contributes to recent studies whose aim is to determine more accurately the chemistry of these minerals. Its purpose is the development of a tool for the calculation of seismic wave velocities within methods based on ab-initio simulations. These velocities are calculated from the full elastic tensor, including the atomic relaxation and induced changes in the crystal field. We use the approach of the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) to eliminate numerical uncertainties induced by conventional methods based on finite differences. We combine this approach with the « Projector Augmented-Wave » (PAW) formalism that takes into account all the electrons of the system with a low computational cost. We apply the method on core and mantle materials and we determine the effects of various lights elements (Si, S, C, O and H) on the seismic wave velocities of pure iron, as well as the effect of aluminum in the perovskite MgSiO3
Sabir, Meriem. « Impact d'un traumatisme crânio-cérébral léger sur l’architecture du sommeil et le transcriptome dans un modèle murin ». Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13132.
Texte intégralMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting public health. Sleep disorders are common in patients with mTBI. Studies in rodents show that some synaptic plasticity markers decreased after mTBI which could impair brain plasticity. We suggest that sleep loss intensifies the negative effect of mTBI, which may reflect changes of synaptic plasticity markers or changes of different physiological pathway that regulates the sleep process. Using a "closed head injury" model, we have studied the bidirectional relationship between mTBI and sleep by investigating the effects of mTBI on sleep structure, and that of sleep deprivation (SD) on gene expression post-mTBI. First, EEG activity was monitored to investigate if sleep architecture is altered following mTBI. We then tested if SD, following mTBI, induces changes in gene expression of plasticity markers (Arc, Homer1a, Hif1a, Bdnf, Fos, and Ephrins), which have also been linked to sleep regulation. We also investigated the effect of SD post-mTBI on genome wide gene expression in target regions. The main results obtained in this study confirm that mTBI affects wakefulness, and significantly changes spectral activity during wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM sleep on the second 24 hours post-TCL. Interestingly, the capacity to sustain long bouts of wakefulness was impaired immediately after mTBI. In addition, delta activity time course was altered by mTBI during wakefulness. In parallel to these alterations, changes in gene expression were observed. Only Arc and EfnA3 showed a mTBI/SD interaction in the hippocampus specifically, whereas expression of all other genes seemed to be affected by SD or mTBI independently. Our results indicate for the first time that the TCL induced the expression of two chemokines (Ccl3 and Cxcl5) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus 2.5 days post-TCL. Also, we observed that the TCL induces a decrease in the expression of Lgals3 and S100A8 in the cortex, and an increase of Olig2 in the hippocampus.Results of SD effects on genome wide gene expression in the cortex and hippocampus show significant changes in genes involved in various physiological functions, such as circadian rhythms, inflammation, and also glial cell activation. In general, our results precise changes in wakefulness as well as in expression of various genes after mTBI.