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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Mlo genes"
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Shi, Jianlei, Hongjian Wan, Wenshan Zai, Zili Xiong et Weiren Wu. « Phylogenetic Relationship of Plant MLO Genes and Transcriptional Response of MLO Genes to Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato ». Genes 11, no 5 (29 avril 2020) : 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11050487.
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As a broad-spectrum disease resistance factor, MLO is involved in a variety of biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. To figure out the structural features, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns of MLO genes, we investigated the genome and transcriptome sequencing data of 28 plant species using bioinformatics tools. A total of 197 MLO genes were identified. They possessed 5–7 transmembrane domains, but only partially contained a calmodulin-binding domain. A total of 359 polymorphic sites and 142 haplotypes were found in 143 sequences, indicating the rich nucleotide diversity of MLO genes. The MLO genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes or scaffolds and were mainly located at the ends, forming clusters (24.1% genes), tandem duplicates (5.7%), and segment duplicates (36.2%). The MLO genes could be classified into three groups by phylogenetic analysis. The angiosperm genes were mainly in subgroup IA, Selaginella moellendorffii genes were in subgroup IA and IIIB, Physcomitrella patens genes were in subgroup IB and IIIA, and almost all algae genes were in group II. About half of the MLO genes had homologs within and across species. The Ka/Ks values were all less than 1, varying 0.01–0.78, suggesting that purifying selection had occurred in MLO gene evolution. In tomato, RNA-seq data indicated that SlMLO genes were highly expressed in roots, followed by flowers, buds, and leaves, and also regulated by different biotic stresses. qRT–PCR analysis revealed that SlMLO genes could respond to tomato bacterial wilt, with SlMLO1, SlMLO2, SlMLO4, and SlMLO6 probably involved in the susceptibility response, whereas SlMLO14 and SlMLO16 being the opposite. These results lay a foundation for the isolation and application of related genes in plant disease resistance breeding.
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KEMAL, RAHMAT AZHARI, ERIC BERNARDUS L. SANDJAJA, AUDI PUTRA SANTOSA et JEREMIAS IVAN. « Short Communication : Identification of Mildew Locus O (MLO) genes in Durio zibethinus genome corresponding with the Powdery Mildew disease ». Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no 6 (9 octobre 2018) : 2204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190628.
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Kemal RA, Sandjaja EBL, Santosa AP, Ivan J. 2018. Short Communication: Identification of Mildew Locus O (MLO) genes in Durio zibethinus genome corresponding with the Powdery Mildew disease. Biodiversitas 19: 2204-2212. Mildew Locus O (MLO) is a protein consisting of seven transmembrane domains and appears in the various type of plants. MLO proteins are classified into seven clades. It is known that specific clades have different roles in a plant. MLOs from Clades IV and V have been linked to plant's susceptibility to Powdery Mildew (PM) disease. This study aimed to provide an overview of MLO genes present in durian (Durio zibethinus) genome. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to analyze the phylogeny and structure of MLO genes and proteins in durian. The result showed that there were 20 putative DzMLO genes in durian, encoding 39 putative DzMLO proteins. Durian MLOs belong to Clade I-VI with one protein belongs to Clade IV and five proteins belong to Clade V. Those six MLO proteins shared a common motif in C-terminal and second intracellular domains. Putative alternative splicing and differential expressions were observed among Clade V DzMLO genes. These findings will facilitate the functional characterization of MLO genes and proteins in durian. Functional studies, especially on C-terminal and second intracellular domains, need to be conducted to elucidate the role of MLO in PM susceptibility in durian.
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Ge, Cynthia, Paula Moolhuijzen, Lee Hickey, Elzette Wentzel, Weiwei Deng, Eric G. Dinglasan et Simon R. Ellwood. « Physiological Changes in Barley mlo-11 Powdery Mildew Resistance Conditioned by Tandem Repeat Copy Number ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no 22 (20 novembre 2020) : 8769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228769.
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Wild barley accessions have evolved broad-spectrum defence against barley powdery mildew through recessive mlo mutations. However, the mlo defence response is associated with deleterious phenotypes with a cost to yield and fertility, with implications for natural fitness and agricultural productivity. This research elucidates the mechanism behind a novel mlo allele, designated mlo-11(cnv2), which has a milder phenotype compared to standard mlo-11. Bisulphite sequencing and histone ChIP-seq analyses using near-isogenic lines showed pronounced repression of the Mlo promoter in standard mlo-11 compared to mlo-11(cnv2), with repression governed by 24 nt heterochromatic small interfering RNAs. The mlo-11(cnv2) allele appears to largely reduce the physiological effects of mlo while still endorsing a high level of powdery mildew resistance. RNA sequencing showed that this is achieved through only partly restricted expression of Mlo, allowing adequate temporal induction of defence genes during infection and expression close to wild-type Mlo levels in the absence of infection. The two mlo-11 alleles showed copy number proportionate oxidase and peroxidase expression levels during infection, but lower amino acid and aromatic compound biosynthesis compared to the null allele mlo-5. Examination of highly expressed genes revealed a common WRKY W-box binding motif (consensus ACCCGGGACTAAAGG) and a transcription factor more highly expressed in mlo-11 resistance. In conclusion, mlo-11(cnv2) appears to significantly mitigate the trade-off between mlo defence and normal gene expression.
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Fang, Peihong, Paul Arens, Xintong Liu, Xin Zhang, Deepika Lakwani, Fabrice Foucher, Jérémy Clotault et al. « Analysis of allelic variants of RhMLO genes in rose and functional studies on susceptibility to powdery mildew related to clade V homologs ». Theoretical and Applied Genetics 134, no 8 (2 mai 2021) : 2495–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03838-7.
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Abstract Key message Rose has 19 MLO genes. Of these, RhMLO1 and RhMLO2 were shown to be required for powdery mildew infection, which suggests their potential as susceptibility targets towards disease resistance. Abstract Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera pannosa, is one of the most serious and widespread fungal diseases for roses, especially in greenhouse-grown cut roses. It has been shown that certain MLO genes are involved in powdery mildew susceptibility and that loss of function in these genes in various crops leads to broad-spectrum, long-lasting resistance against this fungal disease. For this reason, these MLO genes are called susceptibility genes. We carried out a genome-wide identification of the MLO gene family in the Rosa chinensis genome, and screened for allelic variants among 22 accessions from seven different Rosa species using re-sequencing and transcriptome data. We identified 19 MLO genes in rose, of which four are candidate genes for functional homologs in clade V, which is the clade containing all dicot MLO susceptibility genes. We detected a total of 198 different allelic variants in the set of Rosa species and accessions, corresponding to 5–15 different alleles for each of the genes. Some diploid Rosa species shared alleles with tetraploid rose cultivars, consistent with the notion that diploid species have contributed to the formation of tetraploid roses. Among the four RhMLO genes in clade V, we demonstrated using expression study, virus-induced gene silencing as well as transient RNAi silencing that two of them, RhMLO1 and RhMLO2, are required for infection by P. pannosa and suggest their potential as susceptibility targets for powdery mildew resistance breeding in rose.
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Yaeno, Takashi, Miki Wahara, Mai Nagano, Hikaru Wanezaki, Hirotaka Toda, Hiroshi Inoue, Ayaka Eishima et al. « RACE1, a Japanese Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate, is capable of overcoming partially mlo-mediated penetration resistance in barley in an allele-specific manner ». PLOS ONE 16, no 8 (23 août 2021) : e0256574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256574.
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Loss-of-function mutation of the MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O (Mlo) gene confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew fungi in various plants, including barley. In combination with the intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) genes, which confer the race-specific resistance, the mlo alleles have long been used in barley breeding as genetic resources that confer robust non-race-specific resistance. However, a Japanese Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate, RACE1, has been reported to have the potential to overcome partially the mlo-mediated penetration resistance, although this is yet uncertain because the putative effects of NLR genes in the tested accessions have not been ruled out. In this study, we examined the reproducibility of the earlier report and found that the infectious ability of RACE1, which partially overcomes the mlo-mediated resistance, is only exerted in the absence of NLR genes recognizing RACE1. Furthermore, using the transient-induced gene silencing technique, we demonstrated that RACE1 can partially overcome the resistance in the host cells with suppressed MLO expression but not in plants possessing the null mutant allele mlo-5.
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Jambagi, Shridhar, Shridhar Jambagi, Jim M. Dunwell et Jim M. Dunwell. « Identification and Expression Analysis of Fragaria Vesca MLO Genes Involved in Interaction with Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera Aphanis) ». Journal of Advances in Plant Biology 1, no 1 (22 novembre 2017) : 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2638-4469.japb-17-1838.
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Strawberry powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaeraaphanis is a major fungal disease that affects strawberry yield and quality. In the model plant species Arabidopsis and the crop plants barley, tomato and pea, the Mildew resistance locus O (MLO) proteins have been found to be required for powdery mildew susceptibility. The present study, based on the sequence of a wild plum (Prunus americana) MLO protein, identified 16 MLO genes within the genome of woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca and examined their expression pattern in response to powdery mildew infection in three diploid strawberry cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the FvMLO genes can be classified into six clades. Four FvMLO genes were grouped into clade III, which comprises MLO genes from Arabidopsis, tomato and grapevine that mediate powdery mildew susceptibility. A RNA-seq analysis of two diploid strawberry cultivars, F. vescassp. vesca accession Hawaii 4 (HW) and F. vesca f. semperflorens line “Yellow Wonder 5AF7” (YW) at 1 d (1 DAI) and 8 d (8 DAI) after infection showed the expression of 12 out of the 16 FvMLO genes. The comparison of Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads (FPKM values) detected by RNA-seq and expression values of qRT-PCR for FvMLO genes showed substantial agreement. The FvMLO3 gene, which was grouped in clade III and orthologous to the Arabidopsis,tomato and grapevine genes, was highly expressed in YW compared to other FvMLO genes across varieties. The results showed that FvMLO genes can be used as potential candidates to engineer powdery mildew resistance in strawberry based on MLO suppression or genome editing.
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Baykal, Ulku, et Kadriye Özcan. « Analysis of Clade V MLO Gene Expressions in Hazelnut Leaves upon Exposure to Powdery Mildew ». Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no 4 (4 mai 2022) : 595–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i4.595-612.4686.
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Powdery mildew affecting European hazelnut Corylus avellana L. trees in Turkey is caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Erysiphe corylacearum. This fungal disease causes significant economic losses by reducing the yield and quality of hazelnuts. Loss-of-function mutations in the mildew resistance locus o (MLO) gene family of many plants confer high levels of broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew. The proteins encoded by the genes at the MLO locus are divided into approximately seven different conserved clades. Among them, the phylogenetic clade V has been shown to be involved in PM susceptibility, as inactivation of these genes leads to long-term disease resistance in dicotyledons. In this study, we examined the temporal expression pattern of three hazelnut MLO genes, previously identified as clade V, in response to powdery mildew infection in C. avellana cv. Tombul. Leaves are the main tissue affected by the powdery mildew pathogen in hazelnut plants. Analysis of MLO expression in hazelnut leaves showed that CavMLO2 and CavMLO6 were significantly upregulated after challenge with E. corylacearum, providing preliminary evidence that they may be involved in PM susceptibility. Thus, these results present a basis for the isolation and use of relevant genes in plant breeding for disease resistance. Moreover, expression profiles of the clade V MLO genes are also important to identify candidate genes that need to be silenced or edited for future molecular studies to obtain resistant hazelnut varieties.
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Saja, Diana, Anna Janeczko, Balázs Barna, Andrzej Skoczowski, Michał Dziurka, Andrzej Kornaś et Gábor Gullner. « Powdery Mildew-Induced Hormonal and Photosynthetic Changes in Barley Near Isogenic Lines Carrying Various Resistant Genes ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no 12 (25 juin 2020) : 4536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124536.
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The present work focused on the characterization of some physiological mechanisms activated upon powdery mildew inoculation of the susceptible barley cultivar Ingrid and its near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying various resistant genes (Mla, Mlg and mlo). After inoculation with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), measurements of leaf reflectance and chlorophyll a fluorescence were performed 3 and 7 day post-inoculation (dpi), while hormone assays were made 7 dpi. Bgh-inoculated resistant genotypes were characterized by lowered leaf reflectance parameters that correlated with carotenoids (CRI) and water content (WBI) in comparison to inoculated Ingrid. The PSII activity (i.e., Fv/Fm, ETo/CSm and P.I.ABS) strongly decreased in susceptible Ingrid leaves when the disease symptoms became visible 7 dpi. In Mla plants with visible hypersensitive spots the PSII activity decreased to a lesser extent. Inoculation resulted in a very slight decrease of photosynthesis at later stage of infection in Mlg plants, whereas in resistant mlo plants the PSII activity did not change. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements allowed presymptomatic detection of infection in Ingrid and Mla. Changes in the homeostasis of 22 phytohormones (cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins and the stress hormones JA, SA and ABA) in powdery mildew inoculated barley are discussed in relation to resistance against this biotrophic pathogen.
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Jarosch, Birgit, Karl-Heinz Kogel et Ulrich Schaffrath. « The Ambivalence of the Barley Mlo Locus : Mutations Conferring Resistance Against Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) Enhance Susceptibility to the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe grisea ». Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 12, no 6 (juin 1999) : 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.6.508.
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Recessive alleles of the barley Mlo locus confer non-race-specific resistance against the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). Recently the Mlo gene has been isolated and it was suggested that the Mlo product is a negative regulator of cell death. Thus, loss of function can precondition cells to a higher responsiveness for the onset of multiple defense functions. Here, we document an enhanced susceptibility of barley mlo mutants to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. The disease phenotype is independent of the barley cultivar in which the mlo allele has been introgressed and occurs in equal amounts in barley backcross lines of cv. Ingrid carrying the mlo-1, mlo-3, or mlo-5 allele. Ror genes, which are required for the full expression of mlo resistance in barley against Bgh, do not affect the specific mlo-mediated phenotype observed after M. grisea infection. Formation of an effective papilla restricts blast development in epidermal cells of Mlo plants. In contrast, papillae are mostly penetrated in mlo mutants and, as a consequence, the fungus spreads into adjacent mesophyll cells. Both wild-type plants and mlo mutants did not differ in perception of a purified elicitor derived from M. grisea. Thus, we hypothesize that a functional Mlo protein is a prerequisite for penetration resistance of barley to fungal pathogens like M. grisea. The benefit of mlo alleles for durable resistance in barley and a proposed role of mlo-type-mutations in rice are discussed.
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Panstruga, R. « Serpentine plant MLO proteins as entry portals for powdery mildew fungi ». Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no 2 (1 avril 2005) : 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0330389.
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In the dicotyledonous plant species Arabidopsis and the monocot barley, presence of specific isoforms of the family of heptahelical plasma membrane-localized MLO proteins is required for successful host-cell invasion by ascomycete powdery mildew fungi. Absence of these MLO proteins, either caused by natural polymorphisms or induced lesions in the respective Mlo genes, results in failure of fungal sporelings to penetrate the plant cell wall. As a consequence, recessively inherited cell-autonomous mlo resistance is effective against all known isolates of powdery mildew fungi colonizing either barley or Arabidopsis. Barley MLO interacts constitutively with the cytoplasmic calcium sensor calmodulin, but the strength of this interaction increases transiently during fungal pathogenesis. In addition, MLO as well as ROR2, a plasma membrane-resident syntaxin also implicated in mlo penetration resistance, focally accumulate at sites of attempted fungal attack, thereby defining a novel pathogen-triggered micro-domain. In conclusion, powdery mildew fungi appear to specifically corrupt MLO to modulate vesicle-associated processes at the plant cell periphery for successful pathogenesis.
Thèses sur le sujet "Mlo genes"
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Geike, Juliane [Verfasser]. « Funktionelle Analyse von MLO Genen im Rosengenom / Juliane Geike ». Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172414211/34.
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Cóser, Virgínia Maria. « Caracterização dos genes envolvidos nos rearranjos do gene MLL em leucemia aguda de novo de lactentes ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/32101.
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Resumo: A leucemia de lactentes difere das demais por apresentar diversas características epidemiológicas e biológicas particulares, com destaque à alta freqüência do envolvimento do gene MLL que é rearranjado com uma variedade de outros genes (cerca de 50 já descritos), gerando produtos de fusão comprovadamente leucemogênicos, apesar de o mecanismo exato ser ainda desconhecido. A identificação do envolvimento do MLL é por si só de grande importância prognóstica e terapêutica, porém a identificação das seqüências parceiras assume importância desde que traz informações sobre os mecanismos básicos de leucemogênese, de possíveis alvos para terapias e pesquisa de doença residual mínima. Com o objetivo de estimar a freqüência e caracterizar os diferentes rearranjos do gene MLL em uma amostra brasileira de lactentes portadores de leucemia aguda de novo, foram analisados 112 pacientes provenientes do "Grupo Brasileiro de Estudos Colaborativos sobre Leucemia Aguda em Lactentes". Vários métodos laboratoriais foram utilizados de forma complementar (citogenética convencional e molecular, RT-PCR, Southern Blotting, LDI-PCR e seqüenciamento), de acordo com um fluxograma previamente estabelecido. Vinte pacientes (17,85%) eram portadores de alterações recorrentes e bem caracterizadas nas leucemias e foram excluídos da análise do gene MLL. Dentre os 92 restantes, 56 pacientes eram portadores de rearranjos no gene MLL (61%) e 36 não (39%). A alteração mais freqüentemente observada foi o rearranjo MLL/AFF1, observado em nove dentre os 56 pacientes positivos para o rearranjo considerando os diversos métodos (16,1%). O estudo corrobora a importância da utilização de diversas metodologias complementares na identificação do rearranjo do gene MLL e de seus parceiros, destacando a alta sensibilidade do método de hibridização in situ por fluorescência (FISH), que foi capaz de identificar 49 pacientes positivos em 82 (59,8%) em que a hibridização foi possível incluindo 38 casos que, sem esta análise, seriam dados como normais. Considerando que a limitação deste método é a não identificação do gene parceiro, a análise por LDI mostrou-se extremamente eficaz na complementação, identificando 9 de 13 casos analisados (69,2%), sendo que um destes rearranjado ao gene Nebulette, caracterizando um novo gene de fusão.
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Dorrance, Adrienne M. « The role of the partial tandem duplication of the MLL (MLL PTD) in leukemogenesis ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1203712889.
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Lima, Diego Silva. « Avaliação dos genes MLL, RB e TP53 em pacientes com síndrome mielodisplásica ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/6887.
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LIMA, Diego Silva. Avaliação dos genes MLL, RB e TP53 em pacientes com síndrome mielodisplásica. 2011. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Patologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2011.Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2013-12-03T12:56:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_dslima.pdf: 4024143 bytes, checksum: 0a18d4cb329d542975fac3641f5bbd03 (MD5)
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Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders affecting the hematopoietic pluripotent cell, characterized by low cell counts in peripheral blood, dysplasia in one or more cell lines, inefficient hematopoiesis and increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Although the disease can affect patients of other age groups, they are more frequent in those with advanced age with an average 60 to 75 years at diagnosis. Chromosomal abnormalities are observed in approximately 50% of all cases of MDS and are related with clinical and morphological findings. The aim of this study was to determine, through the technique of FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), the frequency of changes involving the MLL, RB, and TP53 genes in patients with MDS and associate these changes with cytogenetic findings. The cases included in the study were selected in the ambulatory of SMD from University Hospital Walter Cantídio. Thirty three patients were selected, 17 had aged over 60 years. 52% of patients were classified, according to WHO criteria, as refractory cytopenia with dysplasia in multiple lineages (RCDM) and 61% stratified, according to IPSS, as intermediate risk 1 (INT-1). 78% of patients had abnormalities detected by cytogenetics, among them 31% had complex karyotypes (more than 3 changes per metaphase). 18% of patients had changes at least in one of the three genes valued in this study by FISH. Three patients showed alterations of TP53 gene, being detected in two patients (records 31 and 6) the deletion of a single allele or both alleles of the gene, respectively, and in the third (record 2), we detected amplification of TP53 gene, all this changes were not detected by classical cytogenetics, because it is a less sensitive technique. 6% of patients (records 7 and 22) had rearrangement of MLL gene. In the first case, FISH discarded the gene deletion alleged by cytogenetic, proving that it was present in the genome of the patient, but in a rearranged form, and in the second case cytogenetics failed to demonstrate rearrangement of the gene. For the RB gene, FISH identified only one patient (3%) with deletion of one allele of the gene, and this change was also not detected by classical cytogenetics. During evaluating the TP53 gene, FISH allowed identification of two patients (records 5 and 10) presenting at least six extra copies of chromosome 17, probably representing a small hyperdiploid clone partially detected in the first patient and not detected in the second . In the six patients who showed abnormalities of the genes analyzed, FISH has provided information that added, changed or confirmed the result previously given by classical cytogenetics, which are a major application of this technique due to its high sensitivity compared to the traditional method.
As síndromes mielodisplásicas (SMD) representam um grupo heterogêneo de doenças clonais que acometem a célula precursora hematopoética pluripotente, caracterizando-se por baixa contagem de células no sangue periférico, displasia em uma ou mais linhagens celulares, hematopoese ineficiente, além do risco aumentado de progressão para leucemia mielóide aguda. Embora a doença possa acometer pacientes de outras faixas etárias, é mais frequente naqueles com idade avançada, com média ao diagnóstico de 60 a 75 anos. As anormalidades cromossômicas são observadas em aproximadamente 50% de todos os casos de SMD, estando, em alguns casos, relacionadas com achados clínicos e morfológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar, através da técnica de FISH (hibridização in situ por fluorescência), a frequência de alterações envolvendo os genes MLL, RB e TP53 em pacientes com SMD e associar estas alterações com os achados citogenéticos. Os casos inseridos no estudo foram oriundos do ambulatório de SMD do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio. Dos 33 pacientes selecionados, 17 pertenciam ao grupo com idade acima de 60 anos. 52% dos pacientes foram classificados, segundo a OMS, como citopenia refratária com displasia em múltiplas linhagens (CRDM) e 61% estratificados, segundo o IPSS, como de risco intermediário 1 (INT-1). Um total de 78% dos pacientes apresentaram alterações citogenéticas, dentre eles 31% possuíam cariótipos complexos (mais de 3 alterações por metáfase). A técnica de FISH permitiu identificar em 18% dos pacientes alterações envolvendo um dos três genes avaliados. Três pacientes apresentaram alteração do gene TP53, sendo detectada em dois deles (registros 31 e 6) a deleção de um único alelo ou de ambos os alelos do gene, respectivamente, e no terceiro (registro 2), detectou-se a amplificação do gene TP53, sendo estas alterações não visualizadas através da citogenética clássica, por se tratar de um técnica menos sensível. Detectou-se em 6% dos pacientes (registros 7 e 22) rearranjo do gene MLL, no primeiro a FISH descartou a suposta deleção do gene alegada pela citogenética, provando que o mesmo estava presente no genoma do paciente, porém de forma rearranjada e no segundo a citogenética não conseguiu demonstrar o rearranjo do gene. Quanto ao gene RB, a FISH permitiu identificar apenas um paciente (3%) com deleção de um dos alelos do gene, sendo esta alteração também não detectada pela citogenética clássica. A FISH possibilitou identificar, durante a avaliação do gene TP53, dois pacientes (registros 5 e 10) apresentando pelo menos 6 cópias extras do cromossomo 17, devendo essa alteração se tratar de um pequeno clone hiperdiplóide detectado parcialmente no primeiro paciente e não detectado no segundo. Nos seis pacientes que apresentaram alteração dos genes avaliados, a FISH proveu informações que adicionaram, confirmaram ou alteraram o resultado previamente emitido pela citogenética clássica, sendo estas uma das principais aplicações desta técnica devido sua alta sensibilidade quando comparada ao método clássico.
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Makepeace, Joanne Claire. « The effect of the mlo mildew resistance gene on spotting diseases of barley ». Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437638.
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Bussiere, Marianne. « Characterising the MLL complex : epigenetic regulation of Hoxa genes ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/707/.
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The Mixed-Lineage Leukaemia (MLL1) protein is a key developmental factor that acts to regulate genes via its histone methyl-transferase activity. This study aimed to examine how MLL1 and its associated complex contribute to gene regulation in a functionally relevant cell background. To assess dynamic processes involved, we developed a haematopoietic Stem Cell (hSC) -based system, in which Hoxa genes are down-regulated in a differentiation- induced manner. I characterised the histone modification distribution on two MLL-target genes showing the largest changes upon differentiation: Hoxa4 and Hoxa5. When active, these genes are associated with a peak of “activating” histone marks (H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H4K16ac) over the transcriptional start site, which are lost when the gene is repressed. This correlated with the recruitment of enzymes that deposit these marks, including components of the MLL complex (MLLC, MLLN and menin) as well as HATs that may be associated with the complex (CBP and MOF). Interestingly, the location of these proteins does not always correlate with the marks they deposit. We show that the dual mark H3K9acS10p is present on active Hoxa4 and Hoxa5 genes, and correlates with the presence of the histone kinase Msk1. We speculate that Msk1 contributes to regulating MLL1 HMT’ase activity on these genes.
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Wong, Piu. « Meis1 and micrornas as collaborating genes in MLL leukemia / ». May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Cleavinger, Peter Jay. « Role of the long terminal repeat in transcriptional regulation of rous sarcoma virus gene expression ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841207.
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Nigavekar, Shraddha S. « Regulation of GLC7 encoded PP1 and analysis of synthetic lethal interactions with ade3 and leu2 in saccharomyces cerevisiae ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3013007.
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Aggelis, Alexandros. « Gene expression in ripening melon (Cucumis melo L.) ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319646.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Mlo genes"
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El poema de mio Cid : El patriarca Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar trasmite sus genes. Kassel [Germany] : Edition Reichenberger, 2001.
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Biagetti, Biagio. Il mio diario : Pagine scelte e scritti leopardiani : in appendice : La genesi dell'opera pittorica. Recanati [Italy] : CNSL, 1998.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. Gene Taylor Post Office Building : Report (to accompany H.R. 3987). [Washington, D.C. ? : U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Gene Taylor Veterans' Outpatient Clinic : Report (to accompany H.R. 2983). [Washington, D.C. ? : U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Gene Taylor Veterans' Outpatient Clinic : Report (to accompany H.R. 2983). [Washington, D.C. ? : U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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Baumann, Nicole, et Jean-Claude Turpin. Metachromatic Leukodystrophy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0052.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Metachromatic leukodystrophy can be observed in infantile, juvenile, and adult cases. It is due to deficiency of the enzyme sulfatide sulfatase arylsulfase A. The adult form includes two types—one characterized by predominantly central nervous system motor signs (mainly pyramidal and/or cerebellar) and a peripheral neuropathy, and the other presenting with behavioral abnormalities and progressive mental deterioration. Homozygosity for the P426L mutation is very frequent in motor forms of adult MLD and heterozygosity for the I179S is very frequently found in psychiatric forms. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation is the only presently available therapy that attempts to treat the primary central nervous system manifestation of MLD, but substantial risk is involved and long-term effects are not clear. Potential therapeutic application of hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy and intracerebral gene transfer (brain gene therapy) are explored in infantile forms of patients with MLD.
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The Bedford Book of Genres : A Guide with 2016 MLA Update. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2017.
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Gayley, Holly. Love Letters from Golok. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231180528.001.0001.
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Love Letters from Golok chronicles the courtship between two Buddhist tantric masters, Tare Lhamo (1938–2002) and Namtrul Rinpoche (1944–2011), and their passion for reinvigorating Buddhism in eastern Tibet during the post-Mao era. In fifty-six letters exchanged from 1978 to 1980, Tare Lhamo and Namtrul Rinpoche envisioned a shared destiny to "heal the damage" done to Buddhism during the years leading up to and including the Cultural Revolution. Holly Gayley retrieves the personal and prophetic dimensions of their courtship and its consummation in a twenty-year religious career that informs issues of gender and agency in Buddhism, cultural preservation among Tibetan communities, and alternative histories for minorities in China. The correspondence between Tare Lhamo and Namtrul Rinpoche is the first collection of "love letters" to come to light in Tibetan literature. Blending tantric imagery with poetic and folk song styles, their letters have a fresh vernacular tone comparable to the love songs of the Sixth Dalai Lama, but with an eastern Tibetan flavor. Gayley reads these letters against hagiographic writings about the couple, supplemented by field research, to illuminate representational strategies that serve to narrate cultural trauma in a redemptive key, quite unlike Chinese scar literature or the testimonials of exile Tibetans. With special attention to Tare Lhamo's role as a tantric heroine and her hagiographic fusion with Namtrul Rinpoche, Gayley vividly shows how Buddhist masters have adapted Tibetan literary genres to share private intimacies and address contemporary social concerns.
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Songs Only You Know. Soho Press Inc, 2013.
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Detroit Country Music. The University of Michigan Press, 2013.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Mlo genes"
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Downing, James R., et A. Thomas Look. « MLL fusion genes in the 11q23 acute leukemias ». Dans Cancer Treatment and Research, 73–92. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1261-1_4.
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Shih, J. C., J. Grimsby et K. Chen. « The expression of human MAO-A and B genes ». Dans Amine Oxidases and Their Impact on Neurobiology, 41–47. Vienna : Springer Vienna, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9113-2_4.
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Joseph, Anitta, et P. K. Nizar Banu. « Identification of Predominant Genes that Causes Autism Using MLP ». Dans Smart Intelligent Computing and Applications, Volume 1, 269–79. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9669-5_25.
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Macrina, Francis L., et C. Jeffrey Smith. « Gene Transmission, MLS, and Tetracycline Resistance in Bacteroides ». Dans Brock/Springer Series in Contemporary Bioscience, 474–89. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7087-5_35.
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Meyer, Claus, et Rolf Marschalek. « LDI-PCR : Identification of Known and Unknown Gene Fusions of the Human MLL Gene ». Dans Leukemia, 71–83. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-418-6_5.
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Shih, J. C., Q. S. Zhu, J. Grimsby et K. Chen. « Identification of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B gene promoters ». Dans Amine Oxidases : Function and Dysfunction, 27–33. Vienna : Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_3.
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Matthieu, J. M., F. X. Omlin, J. M. Roch et B. J. Cooper. « Myelin Basic Protein Gene Expression, Oligodendrocyte Metabolism and Myelin Stability in the MLD Mutant Mouse ». Dans A Multidisciplinary Approach to Myelin Diseases, 13–28. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0354-2_2.
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Santin, Yohan, Angelo Parini et Jeanne Mialet-Perez. « Expression and Function of MAO A in Cardiac Cells by Means of Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 163–70. New York, NY : Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_12.
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Rossi, André L. D., Carlos Soares et André C. P. L. F. Carvalho. « Bioinspired Parameter Tuning of MLP Networks for Gene Expression Analysis : Quality of Fitness Estimates vs. Number of Solutions Analysed ». Dans Advances in Neuro-Information Processing, 252–59. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03040-6_31.
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Klaus, M., S. Schnittger, T. Haferlach, M. Dreyling, W. Hiddemann et C. Schoch. « Different Mechanisms Lead to Rearrangements of the MLL Gene in Cases with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Translocation t(10;l1) ». Dans Haematology and Blood Transfusion Hämatologie und Bluttransfusion, 67–71. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59358-1_14.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Mlo genes"
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Volinia, S., P. Patracchini, F. Vannini, L. Felloni, F. Panicucci et F. Beranardi. « HAGEMAN TRAIT INVESTIGATED BY FACTOR XII cDNA PROBES ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643299.
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The presence of gene lesions and of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) has been investigated by means of cDNA probes for the coagulation factor XII (FXII).A TaqI additional fragment (2.1Kb) has been found in two brothers with Hageman trait and in 11 members of their paternal lineage. Digestions with different enzymes exclude that FXII gene deletion is responsible for Hageman trait in this family. A point mutation originating an additional TaqI site is likely.The abnormal pattern (not present in 40 normal subjects) is correlated with a reduced FXII activity and identifies the heterozygous subjects in the paternal lineage. The presence of two different gene lesions causing Hageman trait in this family can be inferred.The TaqI additional site has been mapped within the 5 portion of the gene.Data suggest the presence of one FXII gene per aploid genome and disagree with previous localization of FXII gene on chromosome 6.Work supported by P.F. Ing. Gen. e Basi Mol. Mai. Ered. contratto CNR N.8400877
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Chakraborty, Goutam, Jagdish Patra, Seiryo Noda et Basabi Chakraborty. « A MLP-SOM Combination to Select Relevant Genes from High-dimensional DNA Microarray Data ». Dans 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isspit.2007.4458020.
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Poppen, Steven, et Manuel Diaz. « Abstract 4034 : The role of CYP33 in MLL target gene repression ». Dans Proceedings : AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012 ; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-4034.
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Vaughan, Andrew T., Rebecca Wright et Katrina Slemmons. « Abstract B35 : Estradiol drives MLL gene fusions in infant acute leukemia ». Dans Abstracts : AACR Special Conference : Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads : Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes ; November 3-6, 2013 ; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.pedcan-b35.
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Rossi, André L. D., André C. P. L. F. Carvalho et Carlos Soares. « Bio-Inspired Parameter Tunning of MLP Networks for Gene Expression Analysis ». Dans 2008 8th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/his.2008.152.
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Alkotami, Linah, Brice Jarvis, Chaofu Lu, Doug Allen, Jianhui Zhang, John Sedbrook, Kathleen Schuler, Somnath Koley et Timothy Durrett. « Targeted genome editing of industrial oilseed crops to enhance synthesis of functional lipids ». Dans 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/orfd6797.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Acetyl-triacylglycerols (acetyl-TAG) produced in the seeds of different Euonymus species are triacylglycerols (TAG) that possess an sn-3 acetate group instead of a long chain fatty acid. This unusual structure confers useful properties to acetyl-TAG, including reduced kinematic viscosity and improved cold temperature performance. Acetyl-TAG are synthesized by unique diacylglycerol acetyltransferases (DAcTs), expressed in the endosperm of Euonymus seeds, that use acetyl-CoA to acetylate the sn-3 position of diacylglycerol (DAG) molecules. Isolation and expression of DAcT enzymes from different Euonymus species has resulted in the successful accumulation of high levels of acetyl-TAG in different oil seed crops. For example, expression of EfDAcT isolated from E. fortunei caused acetyl-TAG levels of 81 mol% in camelina seeds and 51 mol% in pennycress. To increase acetyl-CoA supply for EfDAcT, CRISPR-based genome editing was used to generate mutations in FATTY ACID ELONGASE1 (FAE1) genes in both camelina and pennycress. FAE1 is a component of the fatty acid elongase complex that uses acetyl-CoA to produce the very long-chain fatty acids found in the seed oil of Brassicaceae species. Consistent with the hypothesis that eliminating FAE1 function results in more acetyl-CoA availability for acetyl-TAG synthesis, expression of EfDAcT in fae1 mutants resulted in very high levels of acetyl-TAG accumulation. This was particularly evident in pennycress fae1 lines where acetyl-TAG levels exceeded 95 mol% in the best transgenic lines. These results demonstrate the usefulness of genome editing to modify the genetic background of oilseed crops to enhance production of a targeted product.
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Bernardi, F., G. Marchetti, F. Vannini, L. Felloni, F. Panicucci et F. Conconi. « SPORADISM INVESTIGATION AND CARRIER DETECTION IN HAEMOPHILIA A BY RFLP ANALYSIS ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644011.
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Restriction fragment lenght polymorphisms (RFLPs)analysis has been employed for carrier detection andfor sporadism study in Haemophilia A. Three RFLPs, one intragenic in FC8 (647/BcII) and two with close linkage to Haemophilia A at DXS52 (Stl4/Taql) and DXS15 (DX13/BgIII), were used.In 20 families 29 carrier status determinations havebeen performed.In order to investigate sporadicity and to estimate the sex ratio of mutation rates directely, 17 families with isolated cases of haemophilia A were studied.In eight out of the 17 families the RFLPsanalysis excluded the carrier status of the maternalgrandmothers.Since by hemostatic studies the eight mothers of the propositi were shown to be haemophilia carriers, the origin of the newly mutated genes was inferred from the RFLP patterns: six haemophilic genes derive from the normal maternal grandfathers and two from the maternal grandmothers.Possible recombinations between FVIII locus and the extragenic RFLPs loci have to be considered; however the intragenic Bell RFLP is informative in five out of the eight families and the DXl3 and Stl4 patterns are concordant.The data indicate a higher mutation rate in males than in females gametes as previously suggested, althought not unanimously, by segregation analysis and coagulation studies. The RFLP analysis in a large number of families with isolated cases of haemophilia isnecessary to define the precise ratio of sex mutation rate for this disease.Work supported by P.F. Ing. Gen. Basi Mol. Mai. Ered. Contratto CNR N 8400877.
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Zhang, Junying, Hongyi Zhang, Shenling Liu et Yue Wang. « A Novel Multiclass Gene Selection Method based on SVM/MLP Cross Validation ». Dans 2006 International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2006.257654.
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Benhattar, Jean, et Isabelle Guilleret. « Abstract 3023 : Rapid methylation profiling of multiple genes at the same time using the methylation ligation-dependent macroarray (MLM) ». Dans Proceedings : AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011 ; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3023.
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Essing, Mirko, Alberto Zambon, Vera Gallo, Cristina Baldoli, Federica Cugnata, Paola M. V. Rancoita, Fabiola De Mattia et al. « Lentiviral Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Gene Therapy for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) : Clinical Outcomes from 38 Patients ». Dans Abstracts of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuropediatrics. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739647.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Mlo genes"
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Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni, Marla Binzel, Efraim Lewinsohn, Joseph Burger et Arthur Schaffer. Genomic Approach to the Improvement of Fruit Quality in Melon (Cucumis melo) and Related Cucurbit Crops II : Functional Genomics. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592123.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Genomics tools for enhancement of melon research, with an emphasis on fruit, were developed through a previous BARD project of the PIs (IS -333-02). These included the first public melon EST collection, a database to relay this information to the research community and a publicly available microarray. The current project (IS-3877- 06) aimed to apply these tools for identification of important genes for improvement of melon (Cucumis melo) fruit quality. Specifically, the research plans included expression analysis using the microarray and functional analyses of selected genes. The original project objectives, as they appeared in the approved project, were: Objective 1: Utilization of a public melon microarray developed under the existing project to characterize melon transcriptome activity during the ripening of normal melon fruit (cv. Galia) in order to provide a basis for both a general view of melon transcriptome activity during ripening and for comparison with existing transcriptome data of developing tomato and pepper fruit. Objective 2: Utilization of the same public melon microarray to characterize melon transcriptome activity in lines available in the collection of the Israeli group, focusing on sugar, organic acids and aroma metabolism, so as to identify potentially useful candidates for functional analysis and possible manipulation, through comparison with the general fruit development profile resulting from (1) above. Objective 3: Expansion of our existing melon EST database to include publicly available gene expression data and query tools, as the US group has done with tomato. Objective 4: Selection of 6-8 candidate genes for functional analysis and development of DNA constructs for repression or over-expression. Objective 5: Creation of transgenic melon lines, or transgenic heterologous systems (e.g. E. coli or tomato), to assess putative functions and potential as tools for molecular enhancement of melon fruit quality, using the candidate gene constructs from (4).
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Li, Li, Joseph Burger, Nurit Katzir, Yaakov Tadmor, Ari Schaffer et Zhangjun Fei. Characterization of the Or regulatory network in melon for carotenoid biofortification in food crops. United States Department of Agriculture, avril 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594408.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The general goals of the BARD research grant US-4423-11 are to understand how Or regulates carotenoid accumulation and to reveal novel strategies for breeding agricultural crops with enhanced β-carotene level. The original objectives are: 1) to identify the genes and proteins in the Or regulatory network in melon; 2) to genetically and molecularly characterize the candidate genes; and 3) to define genetic and functional allelic variation of these genes in a representative germplasm collection of the C. melo species. Or was found by the US group to causes provitamin A accumulation in chromoplasts in cauliflower. Preliminary genetic study from the Israeli group revealed that the melon Or gene (CmOr) completely co-segregated with fruit flesh color in a segregating mapping population and in a wide melon germplasm collection, which set the stage for the funded research. Major conclusions and achievements include: 1). CmOris proved to be the gene that controls melon fruit flesh color and represents the previously described gflocus in melon. 2). Genetic and molecular analyses of CmOridentify and confirm a single SNP that is responsible for the orange and non-orange phenotypes in melon fruit. 3). Alteration of the evolutionarily conserved arginine in an OR protein to both histidine or alanine greatly enhances its ability to promote carotenoid accumulation. 4). OR promotes massive carotenoid accumulation due to its dual functions in regulating both chromoplast biogenesis and carotenoid biosynthesis. 5). A bulk segregant transcriptome (BSRseq) analysis identifies a list of genes associated with the CmOrregulatory network. 6). BSRseq is proved to be an effective approach for gene discovery. 7). Screening of an EMS mutation library identifies a low β mutant, which contains low level of carotenoids due to a mutation in CmOrto produce a truncated form of OR protein. 8). low β exhibits lower germination rate and slow growth under salt stress condition. 9). Postharvest storage of fruit enhances carotenoid accumulation, which is associated with chromoplast development. Our research uncovers the molecular mechanisms underlying the Or-regulated high level of carotenoid accumulation via regulating carotenoidbiosynthetic capacity and storage sink strength. The findings provide mechanistic insights into how carotenoid accumulation is controlled in plants. Our research also provides general and reliable molecular markers for melon-breeding programs to select orange varieties, and offers effective genetic tools for pro-vitamin A enrichment in other important crops via the rapidly developed genome editing technology. The newly discovered low β mutant could lead to a better understanding of the Or gene function and its association with stress response, which may explain the high conservation of the Or gene among various plant species.
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Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves et Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, février 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.
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Aharoni, Asaph, Zhangjun Fei, Efraim Lewinsohn, Arthur Schaffer et Yaakov Tadmor. System Approach to Understanding the Metabolic Diversity in Melon. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593400.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic factors that affect taste, aroma, color, texture, nutritional value and shelf life. To unravel the genetic components involved in the metabolic pathways behind these traits, the major goal of the project was to identify novel genes that are involved in, or that regulate, these pathways using correlation analysis between genotype, metabolite and gene expression data. The original and specific research objectives were: (1) Collection of replicated fruit from a population of 96 RI lines derived from parents distinguished by great diversity in fruit development and quality phenotypes, (2) Phenotypic and metabolic profiling of mature fruit from all 96 RI lines and their parents, (3) 454 pyrosequencing of cDNA representing mRNA of mature fruit from each line to facilitate gene expression analysis based on relative EST abundance, (4) Development of a database modeled after an existing database developed for tomato introgression lines (ILs) to facilitate online data analysis by members of this project and by researchers around the world. The main functions of the database will be to store and present metabolite and gene expression data so that correlations can be drawn between variation in target traits or metabolites across the RI population members and variation in gene expression to identify candidate genes which may impact phenotypic and chemical traits of interest, (5) Selection of RI lines for segregation and/or hybridization (crosses) analysis to ascertain whether or not genes associated with traits through gene expression/metabolite correlation analysis are indeed contributors to said traits. The overall research strategy was to utilize an available recombinant inbred population of melon (Cucumis melo L.) derived from phenotypically diverse parents and for which over 800 molecular markers have been mapped for the association of metabolic trait and gene expression QTLs. Transcriptomic data were obtained by high throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform instead of the originally planned 454 platform. The change was due to the fast advancement and proven advantages of the Illumina platform, as explained in the first annual scientific report. Metabolic data were collected using both targeted (sugars, organic acids, carotenoids) and non-targeted metabolomics analysis methodologies. Genes whose expression patterns were associated with variation of particular metabolites or fruit quality traits represent candidates for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. Candidate genes that may encode enzymes catalyzingbiosynthetic steps in the production of volatile compounds of interest, downstream catabolic processes of aromatic amino acids and regulatory genes were selected and are in the process of functional analyses. Several of these are genes represent unanticipated effectors of compound accumulation that could not be identified using traditional approaches. According to the original plan, the Cucurbit Genomics Network (http://www.icugi.org/), developed through an earlier BARD project (IS-3333-02), was expanded to serve as a public portal for the extensive metabolomics and transcriptomic data resulting from the current project. Importantly, this database was also expanded to include genomic and metabolomic resources of all the cucurbit crops, including genomes of cucumber and watermelon, EST collections, genetic maps, metabolite data and additional information. In addition, the database provides tools enabling researchers to identify genes, the expression patterns of which correlate with traits of interest. The project has significantly expanded the existing EST resource for melon and provides new molecular tools for marker-assisted selection. This information will be opened to the public by the end of 2013, upon the first publication describing the transcriptomic and metabolomics resources developed through the project. In addition, well-characterized RI lines are available to enable targeted breeding for genes of interest. Segregation of the RI lines for specific metabolites of interest has been shown, demonstrating the utility in these lines and our new molecular and metabolic data as a basis for selection targeting specific flavor, quality, nutritional and/or defensive compounds. To summarize, all the specific goals of the project have been achieved and in many cases exceeded. Large scale trascriptomic and metabolomic resources have been developed for melon and will soon become available to the community. The usefulness of these has been validated. A number of novel genes involved in fruit ripening have been selected and are currently being functionally analyzed. We thus fully addressed our obligations to the project. In our view, however, the potential value of the project outcomes as ultimately manifested may be far greater than originally anticipated. The resources developed and expanded under this project, and the tools created for using them will enable us, and others, to continue to employ resulting data and discoveries in future studies with benefits both in basic and applied agricultural - scientific research.
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Zhao, Bingyu, Saul Burdman, Ronald Walcott et Gregory E. Welbaum. Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Cucurbits Using the Maize Non-Host Disease Resistance Gene Rxo1. United States Department of Agriculture, septembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699843.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The specific objectives of this BARD proposal were: (1) To determine whether Rxol can recognize AacavrRxo1 to trigger BFB disease resistance in stable transgenic watermelon plants. (2) To determine the distribution of Aac-avrRxo1 in a global population of Aae and to characterize the biological function of Aac-avrRxo1. (3) To characterize other TIS effectors of Aae and to identify plant R gene(s) that can recognize conserved TIS effectors of this pathogen. Background to the topic: Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits, caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aae), is a devastating disease that affects watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and melon (Cucumis melo) production worldwide, including both Israel and USA. Two major groups of Aae strains have been classified based on their virulence on host plants, genetics and biochemical properties. Thus far, no effective resistance genes have been identified from cucurbit germplasm. In this project, we assessed the applicability of a non-host disease resistance gene, Rxol, to control BFB in watermelon. We also tried to identify Aae type III secreted (TIS) effectors that can be used as molecular probes to identify novel disease resistance genes in both cucurbits and Nieotianatabaeum. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We generated five independent transgenic watermelon (cv. Sugar Babay) plants expressing the Rxol gene. The transgenic plants were evaluated with Aae strains AAC001 and M6 under growth chamber conditions. All transgenic plants were found to be susceptible to both Aae strains. It is possible that watermelon is missing other signaling components that are required for Rxol-mediated disease resistance. In order to screen for novel BFB resistance genes, we inoculated two Aae strains on 60 Nieotiana species. Our disease assay revealed Nicotiana tabaeum is completely resistant to Aae, while its wild relative N. benthamiana is susceptible to Aae. We further demonstrated that Nieotiana benthamiana can be used as a surrogate host for studying the mechanisms of pathogenesis of Aae. We cloned 11 TIS effector genes including the avrRxolhomologues from the genomes of 22 Aae strains collected worldwide. Sequencing analysis revealed that functional avrRxol is conserved in group" but not group I Aae strains. Three effector genes- Aave_1548, Aave_2166 and Aave_2708- possessed the ability to trigger an HR response in N. tabacum when they were transiently expressed by Agrobaeterium. We conclude that N. tabacum carries at least three different non-host resistance genes that can specifically recognize AaeTIS effectors to trigger non-host resistance. Screening 522 cucurbits genotypes with two Aae strains led us to identify two germplasm (P1536473 and P1273650) that are partially resistant to Aae. Interestingly, transient expression of the TIS effector, Aave_1548, in the two germplasms also triggered HR-Iike cell death, which suggests the two lines may carry disease resistance genes that can recognize Aave_1548. Importantly, we also demonstrated that this effector contributes to the virulence of the bacterium in susceptible plants. Therefore, R genes that recognize effector Aave1548 have great potential for breeding for BFB resistance. To better understand the genome diversity of Aae strains, we generated a draft genome sequence of the Israeli Aae strain, M6 (Group I) using Iliumina technology. Comparative analysis of whole genomes of AAC001, and M6 allowed us to identify several effectors genes that differentiate groups I and II. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The diversity of TIS effectors in group I and II strains of Aae suggests that a subset of effectors could contribute to the host range of group I and II Aae strains. Analysis of these key effectors in a larger Aae population may allow us to predict which cucurbit hosts may be at risk to BFB. Additionally, isolation of tobacco and cucurbit Rgenes that can recognize Aae type III effectors may offer new genetic resources for controlling BFB.
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Badami, Kaswan, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Achmad Amzeri et Syaiful Khoiri. COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, octobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.
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Barefoot, Susan F., Bonita A. Glatz, Nathan Gollop et Thomas A. Hughes. Bacteriocin Markers for Propionibacteria Gene Transfer Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573993.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The antibotulinal baceriocins, propionicin PLG-1 and jenseniin G., were the first to be identified, purified and characterized for the dairy propionibaceria and are produced by Propionibacterium thoenii P127 and P. thoenii/jensenii P126, respectively. Objectives of this project were to (a) produce polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1; (b) identify, clone and characterize the propionicin PLG-1 (plg-1) and jenseniin G (jnG) genes; and (3) develop gene transfer systems for dairy propionibacteria using them as models. Polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1 were produced in rabbits. Anti-PLG-1 antiserum had high titers (256,000 to 512,000), neutralized PLG-1 activity, and detected purified PLG-1 at 0.10 mg/ml (indirect ELISA) and 0.033 mg/ml (competitive indirect ELISA). Thirty-nine of 158 strains (most P. thoenii or P. jensenii) yielded cross-reacting material; four strains of P. thoenii, including two previously unidentified bacteriocin producers, showed biological activity. Eight propionicin-negative P127 mutants produced neither ELISA response nor biological activity. Western blot analyses of supernates detected a PLG-1 band at 9.1 kDa and two additional protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 16.2 and 27.5 kDa. PLG-1 polyclonal antibodies were used for detection of jenseniin G. PLG-1 antibodies neutralized jenseniin G activity and detected a jenseniin G-sized, 3.5 kDa peptide. Preliminary immunoprecipitation of crude preparations with PLG-1 antibodies yielded three proteins including an active 3-4 kDa band. Propionicin PLG-1 antibodies were used to screen a P. jensenii/thoenii P126 genomic expression library. Complete sequencing of a cloned insert identified by PLG-1 antibodies revealed a putative response regulator, transport protein, transmembrane protein and an open reading frame (ORF) potentially encoding jenseniin G. PCR cloning of the putative plg-1 gene yielded a 1,100 bp fragment with a 355 bp ORF encoding 118 amino acids; the deduced N-terminus was similar to the known PLG-1 N-terminus. The 118 amino acid sequence deduced from the putative plg-1 gene was larger than PLG-1 possibly due to post-translational processing. The product of the putative plg-1 gene had a calculated molecular weight of 12.8 kDa, a pI of 11.7, 14 negatively charged residues (Asp+Glu) and 24 positively charged residues (Arg+Lys). The putative plg-1 gene was expressed as an inducible fusion protein with a six-histidine residue tag. Metal affinity chromatography of the fused protein yielded a homogeneous product. The fused purified protein sequence matched the deduced putative plg-1 gene sequence. The data preliminarily suggest that both the plg-1 and jnG genes have been identified and cloned. Demonstrating that antibodies can be produced for propionicin PLG-1 and that those antibodies can be used to detect, monitor and compare activity throughout growth and purification was an important step towards monitoring PLG-1 concentrations in food systems. The unexpected but fortunate cross-reactivity of PLG-1 antibodies with jenseniin G led to selective recovery of jenseniin G by immunoprecipitation. Further refinement of this separation technique could lead to powerful affinity methods for rapid, specific separation of the two bacteriocins and thus facilitate their availability for industrial or pharmaceutical uses. Preliminary identification of genes encoding the two dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins must be confirmed; further analysis will provide means for understanding how they work, for increasing their production and for manipulating the peptides to increase their target species. Further development of these systems would contribute to basic knowledge about dairy propionibacteria and has potential for improving other industrially significant characteristics.
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Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni et Joseph Burger. Genomic approach to the improvement of fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo) and related cucurbit crops. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587224.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic traits that affect taste, aroma, texture, pigmentation, nutritional value and duration of shelf-life. The molecular basis of many of these important traits is poorly understood and it’s understanding offers an excellent opportunity for adding value to agricultural products. Improvement of melon fruit quality was the primary goal of the project. The original objectives of the project were: The isolation of a minimum of 1000 fruit specific ESTs. The development of a microarray of melon fruit ESTs. The analysis of gene expression in melon using melon and tomato fruit enriched microarrays. A comprehensive study of fruit gene expression of the major cucurbit crops. In our current project we have focused on the development of genomics tools for the enhancement of melon research with an emphasis on fruit, specifically the first public melon EST collection. We have also developed a database to relay this information to the research community and developed a publicly available microarray. The release of this information was one of the catalysts for the establishment of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative (ICuGI, Barcelona, Spain, July 2005) aimed at collecting and generating up to 100,000 melon EST sequences in 2006, leveraging a significant expansion of melon genomic resources. A total of 1000 ESTs were promised under the original proposal (Objective 1). Non-subtracted mature fruit and young fruit flesh of a climacteric variety in addition to a non-climacteric variety resulted in the majority of additional EST sequences for a total of 4800 attempted reads. 3731 high quality sequences from independent ESTs were assembled, representing 2,467 melon unigenes (1,873 singletons, 594 contigs). In comparison, as of June 2004, a total of 170 melon mRNA sequences had been deposited in GENBANK. The current project has thus resulted in nearly five- fold the number of ESTs promised and ca. 15-fold increase in the depth of publicly available melon gene sequences. All of these sequences have been deposited in GENBANK and are also available and searchable via multiple approaches in the public database (http://melon.bti.cornell.edu). Our database was selected as the central location for presentation of public melon EST data of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative. With the available unigenes we recently constructed a microarray, which was successfully applied in hybridizations (planned public release by August 2006). Current gene expression analyses focus on fruit development and on comparative studies between climacteric and non-climacteric melons. Earlier, expression profiling was conducted using macroarrays developed at the preliminary stage of the project. This analysis replaced the study of tomato microarray following the recommendations of the reviewers and the panel of the original project. Comparative study between melon and other cucurbit crops have begun, mainly with watermelon, in collaboration with Dr. Amnon Levi (USDA-ARS). In conclusion, all four objectives have been addressed and achieved. In the continuation project that have been approved we plan to apply the genomic tools developed here to achieve detailed functional analyses of genes associated with major metabolic pathway.
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Arnett, Clint, Justin Lange, Ashley Boyd, Martin Page et Donald Cropek. Expression and secretion of active Moringa oleifera coagulant protein in Bacillus subtilis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41546.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cationic polypeptide proteins found in the seeds of the tropical plant Moringa oleifera have coagulation efficiencies similar to aluminum and ferric sulfates without their recalcitrant nature. Although these proteins possess great potential to augment or replace traditional coagulants in water treatment, harvesting active protein from seeds is laborious and not cost-effective. Here, we describe an alternative method to express and secrete active M. oleifera coagulant protein (MO) in Bacillus subtilis. A plasmid library containing the MO gene and 173 different types of secretory signal peptides was created and cloned into B. subtilis strain RIK1285. Fourteen of 440 clones screened were capable of secreting MO with yields ranging from 55 to 122 mg/L of growth medium. The coagulant activity of the highest MO secreting clone was evaluated when grown on Luria broth, and cell-free medium from the culture was shown to reduce turbidity in a buffered kaolin suspension by approximately 90% compared with controls without the MO gene. The clone was also capable of secreting active MO when grown on a defined synthetic wastewater supplemented with 0.5% tryptone. Cell-free medium from the strain harboring the MO gene demonstrated more than a 2-fold reduction in turbidity compared with controls. Additionally, no significant amount of MO was observed without the addition of the synthetic wastewater, suggesting that it served as a source of nutrients for the effective expression and translocation of MO into the medium.
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Friedmann, Michael, Charles J. Arntzen et Hugh S. Mason. Expression of ETEC Enterotoxin in Tomato Fruit and Development of a Prototype Transgenic Tomato for Dissemination as an Oral Vaccine in Developing Countries. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7585203.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The broad objective of the project was to develop a feasible approach to combat diarrheal disease caused by ETEC through the development of a low-cost oral immunogen in tomato fruit, expressed in the context of a prototype tomato that would answer the shortcomings of plant oral vaccines, especially in terms of produce handling and control of gene escape. Specifically, the goals for Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) on this project were to develop transgenic tomato lines that express the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) subunits A and/or B for use in oral edible vaccines, and to optimize expression and assembly of these antigens in tomato fruits.LT-B is a useful vaccine antigen against ETEC disease, since antibodies against LT-B can prevent binding and delivery of the holotoxinLT. Mutant forms of the toxic LT-A subunit that have reduced toxicity can be co-expressed and assembled with LT-Bpentamers to form mutant LT (mLT) complexes that could be used as mucosaladjuvants for other oral vaccines. Work on the project is continuing at Arizona State University, after Dr. Mason moved there in August 2002. A number of approaches were taken to ensure the expression of both subunits and bring about their assembly inside the transgenic fruits. Initially, expression was driven by the fruit-specific E-8 promoter for LT-B and the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter for LT-A(K63). While LT-B accumulated up to 7 µg per gram ripe fruit, assembled LT-K63 was only 1 µg per gram. Since promoter activities for the two genes likely differed in cell type and developmental stage specificity, the ratios of A and B subunits was not optimal for efficient assembly in all cells. In order to maximize the chance of assembly of mLT in fruit, we focused on constructs in which both genes are driven by the same promoter. These included co-expression plasmids using the 35S promoter for both, while switching to attenuated mLTs (LT-R72 and LT-G192) that have shown greater potential for oral adjuvanticity than the initial LT-K63, and thus are better candidates for a plant-derived adjuvant. Other, more novel approaches were then attempted, including several new vectors using the tomato fruit-specific E8 promoter driving expression of both LT-B and mutant LT-A, as well as a dicistronic construct for co-expression of both LT-B and mutant LT-A genes from a single promoter, and a geminivirusreplicon construct. We describe in the Appendix the results obtained in transgenic tomato lines transformed with these constructs. Overall, each contributed to enhanced expression levels, but the assembly itself of the holotoxin to high levels was not observed in the fruit tissues. The Israeli lab’s specific objective was to develop transgenic tomato lines expressing the LTholotoxin antigen bearing attributes to prevent gene escape (male sterility and orange fruit color) and to improve the dissemination of the oral vaccine (long shelf-life tomato cherry fruit or tomato processing background). Breeding lines bearing a number of attributes to prevent gene escape were developed by combining material and backcrossing either to a tomato cherry background, or two different processing backgrounds. Concomitantly, (these lines can be utilized for the creation of any future oral vaccine or other therapeutic-expressing tomato, either by crosses or transformation), the lines were crossed to the holotoxin-expressing tomatoes received from the United States, and this transgenic material was also incorporated into the backcrossing programs. To date, we have finalized the preparation of the cherry tomato material, both non-transgenic (bearing all the desired attributes), and transgenic, expressing the holotoxin. The level of expression of LT-B in the cherry fruits was comparable to the original transgenic tomatoes. Since it was not higher, this would necessitate the consumption of more fruits to reach a desired dose. A final backcross has been made for both the non-transgenic and the transgenic material in the processing lines. Auxin sprays resulted in high percentages of fruit set, but the processing genotypes gave many puffed fruits.