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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Mixed economy – Soviet Union »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Mixed economy – Soviet Union"

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Савостин, Дмитрий Сергеевич, Сергей Дмитриевич Савостин, Магомед Даниялович Магомедов et Владимир Витальевич Строев. « Improving the quality of the results of marketing research conducted by the feed mill ». Food processing industry, no 5 (4 mai 2022) : 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2022.5.5.022.

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В статье рассмотрен механизм функционирования предприятий в условиях плановой экономики, изложен исторический аспект реформирования экономики Советского Союза, обосновано отсутствие альтернативы перехода страны к рыночным отношениям, обращено особое внимание о необходимости проведения маркетинговых исследований в условиях рыночной экономики, предлагается последовательность действий при проведении маркетинговых исследований комбикормовыми предприятиями, дана авторская методика оценки экономической целесообразности использования для производства комбикормов кукурузы и зернобобовых вместо других видов зерна, раскрыт механизм проведения рекламы комбикормовыми предприятиями. The article examines the mechanism of functioning of enterprises in a planned economy, outlines the historical aspect of reforming the economy of the Soviet Union, justifies the absence of an alternative to the country's transition to market relations, pays special attention to the need for marketing research in a market economy, suggests a sequence of actions when conducting marketing research by feed enterprises, gives the author's methodology for assessing the economic feasibility of using corn and legumes for the production of mixed feeds instead of other types of grain, reveals the mechanism of advertising by feed enterprises.
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Golovnin, Mikhail, Alexander Libman, Daria Ushkalova et Alexandra Yakusheva. « Is the USSR dead ? Experience from the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009 ». Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46, no 1 (12 janvier 2013) : 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.12.007.

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The paper examines the economic linkages between the post-Soviet states from the point of view of the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009. It aims to find out whether the interdependence between the countries of the former Soviet Union is still large enough that crises in individual countries affect the economic development in the neighboring states, and assesses the impact of the crisis itself on the linkages between the former Soviet republics. The evidence is mixed: while some channels of interdependence deteriorated over the last decade, others became more important, and some were even strengthened by the crisis itself.
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Walder, Andrew G. « China's Transitional Economy : Interpreting its Significance ». China Quarterly 144 (décembre 1995) : 963–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000004689.

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China's post-Mao economic reforms have generated rapid and sustained economic growth, unprecedented rises in real income and living standards, and have transformed what was once one of the world's most insular economies into a major trading nation. The contrast between China's transitional economy and those in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union could not be more striking. Where the latter struggle with severe recessions and pronounced declines in real income, China has looked more like a sprinting East Asian “tiger” than a plodding Soviet-style dinosaur mired in the swamps of transition. The realization that reform measures and energetic growth continue even after the political crisis of 1989 has made China a subject of intense interest far outside the customary confines of the China field. Understood increasingly as a genuine success story, it is moving to the centre of international policy debates about what is to be done to transform the stagnating economies of Eastern Europe, and various aspects of its case now figure prominently in academic analyses ranging from theories of the firm and property rights to the political foundations of economic growth.
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Fuka, Jan, Robert Baťa, Kateřina Josková et Jiří Křupka. « Study on the Impacts of Emergency on Economic, Environmental and Social Areas Using Mixed Methods Research ». Emerging Science Journal 6, no 1 (1 février 2022) : 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2022-06-01-07.

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Mixed methods research methodology appears to be a suitable approach for researching complex phenomena such as emergencies. Researchers study the impacts on different areas such as economy, society, or environment, mostly in separate studies. To better understand the reality of emergencies, it is necessary to study the problem in the broadest possible context. So, examining those impacts in one single study is a challenge. The objective of this article is to process a comprehensive assessment of an emergency that has the potential to establish the basis of a robust tool for public managers to support their decision-making, using mixed methods research methodology. The crisis is an explosion of an ammunition storage site in the Czech Republic - the former satellite country of the Soviet Union. The sub-methods used in mixed methods research are analysis of data, interviews, questionnaire surveys, and field research. The main findings include that in the economic area, growth of public budget expenditures was found; in the environmental area, primary and inducted impacts have been proved. Survey also confirms that the emergency reduced the personal sense of security and trust in public institutions in the affected community. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-07 Full Text: PDF
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Stulberg, Adam N. « Setting the Agenda in the Caspian Basin : The Political Economy of Russia’s Energy Leverage ». Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no 1608 (1 janvier 2003) : 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.2003.94.

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With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia emerged as the dominant successor state in Eurasia. Yet much to the surprise of great power enthusiasts, Moscow has both succeeded remarkably and failed miserably at exploiting its preponderance to set the terms for ownership, development, and export of the prized energy reserves in the Caspian Basin. One the one hand, it has effectively manipulated favorable power asymmetries and monopoly over the existing pipeline infrastructure to strand competitive gas exports from Turkmenistan. On the other hand, Russia has been able only to retard the pace of Kazakhstan 's independent gas exploration and has reluctantly conceded to Astana's preferred legal remedy for dividing the Caspian seabed. Moscow has had even less success with Azerbaijan, incapable of deterring Baku's campaign to diversify main oil export routes at Russia's expense. The Kremlin has seemingly lost control over Russian oil firms in the process, unable to prevent them from participating in Azerbaijani-sponsored consortia that are dominated by foreign competitors. How do states use their preponderance as an instrument of coercive power, and how does this explain Russia's mixed success in the Caspian Basin?
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Golovlev, Alexander. « Theatre Policies of Soviet Stalinism and Italian Fascism Compared, 1920–1940s ». New Theatre Quarterly 35, no 04 (8 octobre 2019) : 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x19000368.

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In this article Alexander Golovlev offers a comparative examination of the theatre policies of Fascist Italy and Stalinist Soviet Union. He argues that, although the two regimes shared parallel time frames and gravitated around similar institutional solutions, Italian Fascism was fundamentally different in its reluctance to destroy the privately based theatre structure in favour of a state theatre and to impose a unified style, while Stalin carried out an ambitious and violent campaign to instil Socialist Realism through continuous disciplining, repression, and institutional supervision. In pursuing a nearly identical goal of achieving full obedience, the regimes used different means, and obtained similarly mixed results. While the Italian experience ended with the defeat of Fascism, Soviet theatres underwent de-Stalinization in the post-war decades, indicating the potential for sluggish stability in such frameworks of cultural-political control. Alexander Golovlev is Research Fellow at the International Centre for the History and Sociology of World War II and Its Consequences, National Research University, Higher School of Economics / Fondation de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, and ATLAS Fellow, Centre d’histoire culturelle des sociétés contemporaines, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université Paris-Saclay. His most recent publications include ‘Sounds of Music from across the Sea: Musical Transnationality in Early Post-World-War-II Austria’, in Yearbook of Transnational History 1 (2018) and ‘Von der Seine an die Salzach: die Teilnahme vom Straßburger Domchor an den Salzburger Festspielen und die französische Musikdiplom atie in Österreich während der alliierten Besatzungs zeit’, Journal of Austrian Studies (2018). He is currently working on the political economy of the Bolshoi theatre under Stalinism.
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Villalgordo Pujalte, Borja, et Manuel Hernández Pedreño. « El rol de Europa del Este en el principio de cohesión de la Unión Europea. Hacia una incompleta integración ». Áreas. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales, no 40 (30 décembre 2020) : 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/areas.409421.

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La Unión Europea viene promoviendo la consecución de la cohesión social y económica desde sus Tratados Constitutivos. El alcance de este objetivo se ha visto ralentizado por varios motivos, como la entrada de los países de Europa del Este que ha supuesto un aumento de la heterogeneidad en la Unión; o por el diferente impacto de la reciente crisis económica en los distintos países. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el proceso de convergencia/divergencia de los países de Europa del Este en los parámetros socioeconómicos de la Unión Europea que fomentan la cohesión social y económica. La hipótesis de partida es que estos países han mantenido diferentes ritmos de convergencia con la Unión Europea por conformar un bloque heterogéneo, explicado por varios factores: el tiempo de permanencia en la Unión, la influencia de la Unión Soviética, el impacto de la Estrategia Europa 2020 o la situación de la que partían antes de entrar en la Unión. La metodología empleada es mixta, combinando la entrevista a profesionales con el análisis estadístico de los diferentes comportamientos sociales, económicos y políticos en los países de Europa del Este desde el estallido de la crisis hasta ahora. En la comparativa se consideran tres ámbitos de actuación, correspondientes a las principales áreas que conforman la política social y que se integran como objetivos dentro de la Estrategia Europa 2020 (ingresos, trabajo y educación), al tiempo que se incluye la respuesta institucional ofrecida por los diferentes países. European Union has been promoting the achievement of social and economic cohesion since the Treaty Establishing the European Community. A true embodiment of this goal has been slowed down by several reasons, such as the attachment of Eastern Europe countries that increased the heterogeneity in the European Union; or how European countries dealt with the latest economic recession that took place in 2008. The aim of this paper is to analyse the process of convergence/divergence among Eastern Europe countries and European Union based in a few parameters that foster the economic and social cohesion. The hypothesis is that countries from East of Europe have kept different rates of convergence with the European Union because they shape a heterogeneous group of countries due to several factors: accession year of each country to the European Union, influence of the former Soviet Union, Europe 2020 Strategy’s repercussion or the previous situation where these countries come from before being full members of the European Union. In this paper, a mixed methodology was applied, combining interviews with professionals in different fields of knowledge with the statistical analysis of social, economic and political behaviours in the Eastern European Union countries since the outbreak of the crisis until now. In this comparative, three fields of action have been considered as the main areas that compose social policy and are also integrated in the European 2020 Strategy (incomes, work and education), combined with the institutional response offered by these countries.
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Niftiyev, Ibrahim, Nargiz Yagublu et Narmin Akbarli. « Exploring The Innovativeness Of The South Caucasus Economies : Main Trends And Factors ». SocioEconomic Challenges 5, no 4 (2021) : 122–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.5(4).122-148.2021.

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The main purpose of the present research is to establish an exploratory picture of innovativeness in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The main trends and key determinants of innovativeness in the South Caucasus have rarely been investigated in mainstream economic research. However, the South Caucasus is a rapidly developing post-Soviet region, and it is geographically strategic for several key players in the global economy, including China and the European Union (EU). In fact, the role of the South Caucasus in international economic agreements is growing due to increased partnerships between Eastern and Western countries. Thus, the region’s current and future innovativeness will determine its integration into global value chains (GVCs). This study employs figure analysis to examine and compare the innovativeness of individual countries and the region as a whole against relevant economic and institutional indicators discussed in the literature. Using scatter plots, a polynomial trendline approach allowed the data to be divided into more meaningful periods of analysis to better understand peaks and dips in national innovativeness in association with selected economic and institutional indicators in the South Caucasus. Overall, the results show that economic growth and economic freedom play an important role in innovativeness in the South Caucasus, while institutional factors present more of a mixed picture. More specifically, the region’s overall innovativeness was positively correlated with rule of law and property rights to a certain extent, but this association was not consistent. In addition, Armenia and Georgia experienced higher growth in national innovativeness between 2011 and 2020, while this growth was weaker in Azerbaijan. This paper’s results may help the South Caucasus countries conceptualize their innovativeness in terms of the region’s overall innovativeness and key economic and institutional variables. Moreover, more sophisticated quantitative techniques and econometric models may be applied in future research.
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Al Sidawi, Rami, Teo Urushadze et Angelika Ploeger. « Factors and Components Affecting Dairy Smallholder Farmers and the Local Value Chain— Kvemo Kartli as an Example ». Sustainability 13, no 10 (20 mai 2021) : 5749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105749.

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Smallholder farmers are the cornerstone of the livestock sector and an essential element in building and developing the local dairy value chain, critical for developing its local economy. In Georgia, and despite the efforts made since independence from the Soviet Union until now, farmers still face many problems that prevent them from participating effectively in developing the dairy value chain, especially heavy metal pollution that afflicts the study region. This research study refers to smallholder farmers’ viewpoints in the Kvemo Kartli region on the dairy production sector and the problems these farmers face. This study also investigates the effect of several factors (ethical factors, traditions, animal welfare, cultural factors, etc.) on the dairy value chain. The convergence model was used in the mixed-method approach’s triangular design as a methodology for this research study. As part of the social data, 140 farmers who produce and sell milk and cheese in the Kvemo Kartli region were interviewed. The results showed the influence of the ethical, cultural, and traditional factors in developing the value chain. The results also showed the problems and difficulties small farmers face in rural areas, on the one hand, and the gap between these farmers and governmental and private organisations on the other hand. These results are compared to those of a previous study, where interviews with experts in Georgia’s dairy production sector were performed.
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Ware, Robert. « Nations and Social Complexity ». Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 22 (1996) : 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1997.10716813.

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In the last three decades, we in the West have seen nationalism turn from an apparently progressive force, as in Cuba, Vietnam, and many countries in Africa, into a negative force of degenerating chaos, as in Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, Sri Lanka, and Rwanda. Elsewhere, during the same decades, the record of nationalism has been, or at least been perceived to have been, more mixed, for example in Belgium, Canada, and India. The assessments themselves are uncertain and suspect, however. Maybe nationalism was not so clearly progressive or so clearly retrogressive where we had previously thought it so. Maybe we misjudge its ambivalence elsewhere. Maybe we are not even dealing with the same kind of phenomenon.More generally, we have yet to understand the role of nationalism in two world wars and countless imperialist incursions. We have only the vaguest ideas of its connection to social ideologies and movements like racism, fascism, and Nazism and little understanding of its relevance to economic systems like capitalism and socialism.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Mixed economy – Soviet Union"

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Keck, Margaret Erin. « Forecasting Stability Levels for the Countries of the Former Soviet Union ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1865.

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Sleptsova, Evghenia. « Exports from Ukraine to the European Union : macro-, micro- and political economy determinants ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1359/.

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This thesis deals with the exporting performance of Ukraine. Focusing on the reorientation of merchandise exports, both in terms of geography – from East to West – and in terms of commodity composition, it explores the multi-level determinants of the observed picture. While until 2003-2004 reorientation from East to West appeared to be a steady trend, in 2005 this trend reversed and CIS re-emerged as a leading destination market for Ukraine’s exports. The commodity composition in trade with the EU has also hardly improved, and was more positive in trade with the CIS. Marginal improvements were observed on a more disaggregated level. These findings were confirmed in the macro-level analysis – Ukraine tends to under-trade with the external trade blocs – EU-15 and the then CEFTA, and over trade with the internal trade bloc of CIS. On a micro-level, the analysis has not revealed that trade with the EU has been associated with firm-level industrial upgrading, although FDI does increase the likelihood to export to the EU. Trade with the CIS has been associated with higher commodity diversification, which in turn is known to be associated with higher growth potential. On the level of policy lobbying, on the other hand, business elites have shown an increasing interest in the Western vector of integration.
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Cadioli, Giovanni. « Soviet economic thought and economic policy in the 1940s : influence on 1950s-1960s reforms ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:255012eb-5322-404d-b39a-ad11edb0640d.

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The present thesis looks at the Soviet economy in the 1940s-1960s period. It specifically focuses on the influence of economic policy and thought developed in the late 1940s on the post-Stalinist era. The thesis' aim is to prove that several key elements of 1950s-1960s economic reforms had already been conceptualised, proposed or implemented during the Stalinist period. The pillars of this 1940s-1960s reforming continuity which the research deals with are khozraschet, economic levers (profit, value, market, prices, credit, bonuses), perspective planning, the balance of the national economy method, as well as the debates concerning the law of value and the repeated attempts at drawing up a General Plan and at drafting a new Party Programme. The key figure this thesis focuses on is N.A. Voznesensky, top Soviet planner in 1939-1949. In the late 1930s he revived practices and methods discontinued after 1928, while under his aegis, policies and debates that later influenced post-Stalinist reforms were developed in the late 1940s. The thesis relies on primary evidence gathered at four Russian state archives (RGAE, GARF, ARAN, RGASPI) and on research carried out at British, Russian, Italian and German libraries.
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Nashiraliyev, Yeldos. « Economic integration in the Commonwealth of Independent States : perspectives, problems, solutions : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Policy at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand ». Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1080.

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It has been 17 years since the Soviet Union broke up and its constituent countries gained their independence. In the beginning years the sovereignty was considered an indisputable priority, resulting in economic matters being put off. However, in the light of slow economic development in the area, it seemed to be imperative for these countries to pursue economic integration. Backed up by political will, several attempts had been made to establish various integration groupings, one of them being the Commonwealth of Independent States. The established organisation’s main aim was to assist countries in preserving the connecting links inherited from the former Soviet Union. Some of the countries in the region managed to achieve relatively high growth rates mainly due to their individual efforts. Unfortunately, so far, none out of a number of proposed integration projects has proven to be an effective and binding tool in the political and economic development of the region. This thesis aims to identify problems standing in the way of economic integration of the Commonwealth of Independent States. As of now, a free trade area – the initial form of economic integration – has not been established. Although trade ties between the member states function, the main export destination of these states is outside the Commonwealth. It is recommended that the initial steps in setting up a free trade area in this territory should begin with developing integration within regional associations, due to smaller numbers of participants and their common interests.
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Liu, Wei. « Economic transitions to market economy : a comparative study on economic reform proposals in China and the former Soviet Union ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2987/.

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The 1980s and 1990s are historical periods of economic reforms in both China and the former Soviet Union. Comparative study of principal proposals of economic reform and transformation in the two countries in this period is the subject of this thesis. There are five main chapters excluding the introduction. Chapter 2 is the theoretical framework of the thesis which is based on essential concepts of Comparative Economic System. Before the main theme began, primary economic problems and difficulties in pre-reform periods in China and the former Soviet Union were discussed in Chapter 3. So was a brief review of reform efforts in the past in the two countries. In Chapter 4, major proposals of economic reform in Chinese economy from late 1978 till 1992 were studied. These included reform measures in the rural economy, the opening up policy, state-owned enterprises reform, new policy for non-state sector and comprehensive plans after 1985. Chapter 5 discussed the 1987 reform package, the 1990 reform plans including Presidential Plan and Shatalin Plan. A brief summary of the Russian reform plan in 1991 was also done in this chapter. Chapter 6 is the concluding part of the thesis. The author compared in detail the two cases and drew conclusions as the following: (a) Both Chinese and Soviet reformers designed the transformation from centralised planning control to decentralised market-oriented economy; (b) The structures of the existing economic system, i.e., decision--making, information, motivation and ownership structures, required various degrees of alteration in the two countries. Soviet reformers called for massive destatisation and privatisation of the state-owned undertakings, while China insisted on a structure with predominant state-owned enterprises; (c) The economic reforms strategies in the two countries are different.
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Kragh, Martin. « Exit and voice dynamics : an empirical study of the Soviet labour market, 1940-1960s ». Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1483.

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Svensson, Bengt. « Seven Years That Shook Economic and Social Thinking : Reflections on the Revolution in Communist Economics 1985-1991 ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8353.

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The main theme of this study is to analyze the Soviet economic theoretical debate in the period 1985 – 1991. This period of reconstruction gave possibilities of a more free debate. In the period up to 1989/90 the directive from the Central Committee of the Communist Party was to defend the socialist economic system and its supremacy over market economics. However, certain market economic ideas were deemed as functioning methods also in a planned economic system. One of the conclusions in this thesis is that the Soviet economists failed to solve some central theoretical problems in the Soviet economy and as consequence their thinking failed to have a stabilizing effect on the socialist economic theory. The Achilles heel was how to apply the labour theory of value on a planned economy. In 1990 and 1991 the discussion was very free and now a transition to market economy was accepted by the economists. The main issue between the Soviet economists became now whether a gradual transition to market economy was to be preferred to shock therapy. The majority of the economists recommended a gradual transition. Scholars have emphasized that old stationary structures are important in Russian and Soviet history. A conclusion in this thesis is that such structures seemed to have played a role in Soviet and Russian theoretical thinking in the period 1985 – 1991.
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Albuquerque, César Augusto Rodrigues de. « Perestroika em curso : uma análise da evolução do pensamento político e econômico de Gorbachev (1984-1991) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-29092015-151257/.

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O presente trabalho se propõe a refletir acerca da trajetória do pensamento político e econômico de Mikhail Gorbachev durante os anos em que esteve à frente do Partido Comunista da URSS e conduziu as reformas iniciadas em 1985. Não se trata, portando, de um estudo minucioso da perestroika, nem de um trabalho biográfico sobre o último líder máximo soviético. Nosso enfoque se volta para as rupturas e continuidades no entendimento do secretário-geral quanto às políticas adotadas e à própria natureza do regime. O exame crítico pormenorizado das diversas intervenções e publicações de Gorbachev nos permite demonstrar como transitam na sua visão conceitos chaves como a introdução de elementos de mercado na economia, a burocracia partidária e a democratização da sociedade e do sistema político da URSS. Torna-se possível ainda compreender o caminho percorrido na visão do líder quanto à própria ideia de socialismo, que caminha da filiação aos pilares ideológicos oficiais para uma vertente cada vez mais próxima da socialdemocracia, bem como a natureza do regime que conduzia, que ao final seria caracterizado por ele como totalitário.
This paper aims to reflect on the path of political and economic thought of Mikhail Gorbachev during the years he was ahead of the USSR Communist Party and led the reforms initiated in 1985. It is not, in this sense, a detailed study of perestroika or a biographical work on the last Soviet leader. Our focus turns to the ruptures and continuities in understanding the Secretary-General as to the adopted policies and the very nature of the regime. The detailed critical examination of the various interventions and Gorbachev publications allows us to demonstrate how key concepts transiting in his vision as the introduction of market elements in the economy, the party bureaucracy and the democratization of society and the political system of the USSR. It is also possible to understand the path taken in the leader\'s vision about the very idea of socialism, which walks of membership in the official ideological pillars to a shed ever closer to social democracy, and the nature of the regime he led, that in the end he characterized as totalitarian.
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Adam, Gabriel Pessin. « As relações entre Rússia, Ucrânia e Belarus e o papel que nelas exercem os recursos energéticos ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14392.

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Após a dissolução da União Soviética, pela primeira vez na história Rússia, Ucrânia e Belarus passaram a conviver como Estados independentes. Nesta condição, eles precisaram estabelecer contatos entre si e com os demais países do sistema internacional. Para a Rússia, dentre todas as relações interestatais nas quais está envolvida, aquelas que mantém com Ucrânia e Belarus são dotadas de relevância ímpar. O mesmo ocorre com ucranianos e bielo-russos, no pertinente aos russos. O desafio proposto consistia em investigar o porquê de tais distinções. Os resultados demonstraram que três fatores estão entre as causas que conferem singularidade às interações observadas. São eles: a questão cultural e identitária, a geopolítica e a economia. Também foi revelado que os recursos energéticos cumprem papel de destaque nos vínculos estudados. Estes recursos não somente corroboram a incidência dos elementos citados nas relações observadas, como são de grande valia na compreensão dos motivos que levam tais fatores a reforçarem o caráter singular das interações entre os países em destaque.
After the Soviet Union was dissolved, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus had to coexist as independent States for the first time in history. These countries had to establish communication channels anew between them, and with other countries worldwide. Among all other countries with which Russia maintains international relations, those that the country maintains with Ukraine and Belarus are uniquely important. The same is true for Ukraine and Belarus in their relation with Russia. The objective of the present study was to investigate why these relations are so important. The results indicate that there are three factors that render the interaction between these countries remarkably unique: culture and identity; geopolitics; and the economy. It was also observed that energy resources play a strong role in the relationship between the three nations. The relevance of energy resources corroborates the importance of the factors cited. Moreover, energy resources are of the utmost importance for the understanding of the reasons underlying the unique characteristics of the interactions between the countries studied.
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Holmberg, Rurik. « Survival of the Unfit : Path Dependence and the Estonian Oil Shale Industry ». Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, Department of Technology and Social Change, 2008. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2008/arts427s.pdf.

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Livres sur le sujet "Mixed economy – Soviet Union"

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Johnson, Simon. Spontaneous privatization in the Soviet Union : How, why, and for whom ? Helsinki, Finland : World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University, 1991.

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Anthony, Jones. Ko-ops : The rebirth of entrepreneurship in the Soviet Union. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1991.

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Catastrophe or catharsis ? : The Soviet economy today. Moscow : Inter-Verso, 1991.

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Menʹshikov, S. M. Catastrophe or catharsis ? : The Soviet economy today. Moscow : Inter-Verso, 1991.

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Economic transition in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union : Issues and strategies. New York : Institute for East-West Security Studies, 1991.

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6

1952-, Åslund Anders, et World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies (4th : 1990 : Harrogate, England), dir. Market socialism or the restoration of capitalism ? Cambridge [England] : Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Comparative economic transformations : Mainland China, Hungary, the Soviet Union, and Taiwan. Stanford, Calif : Stanford University Press, 1994.

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Planning and market in Soviet and east European thought, 1960s-1992. New York, N.Y : St. Martin's Press, 1993.

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B, Gemper Bodo, dir. The International trend towards indicative targeting : Case studies on Canada, Ghana, Great Britain, the People's Republic of China, South Africa, the Soviet Union, Taiwn, and West Germany. Hamburg : Verlag Weltarchiv, 1988.

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Z, Milńer B., et Lv́ov Dmitriĭ Semenovich, dir. Soviet market economy : Challenges and reality. Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Mixed economy – Soviet Union"

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Dibb, Paul. « Economy in Crisis ? » Dans The Soviet Union, 67–103. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07021-3_3.

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Dibb, Paul. « Economy in Crisis ? » Dans The Soviet Union, 67–103. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19349-3_3.

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Hanson, Philip. « The Economy ». Dans The Soviet Union Under Gorbachev, 97–117. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18648-8_6.

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Åhlander, Ann-Mari Sätre. « Environmental Policies in the Former Soviet Union ». Dans Economy & ; Environment, 68–81. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0832-4_4.

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Hanson, Philip. « Administrative Regions and the Economy ». Dans The Legacy of the Soviet Union, 144–68. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524408_8.

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Shelley, Louise I. « The Second Economy in the Soviet Union ». Dans The Second Economy in Marxist States, 11–26. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20422-9_2.

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Solomon, Robert. « Chaos and Reform in the Soviet Union and Russia ». Dans The Transformation of the World Economy, 108–23. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333983492_8.

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George, Vic, et Nick Manning. « The political economy and social policy of the USSR ». Dans Socialism, Social Welfare and the Soviet Union, 160–74. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003250678-6.

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Bogomolov, Oleg T. « The Soviet Union on the Road to Market Economy ». Dans Building a New Europe, 377–86. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22922-2_17.

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Liakin, Alexander I. « Reprivatisation and Economic Transformation in the Countries of the Former Soviet Union ». Dans The Social Market Economy, 139–57. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72129-8_13.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Mixed economy – Soviet Union"

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Doğan, Harun. « A Test of the McKinnon’s Complementarity Hypothesis between Money and Physical Capital in the Case of Kyrgyzstan ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00330.

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The main purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the validity of McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis on economic growth of Kyrgyzstan for the period of 1996–2009. McKinnon’s (1973) central thesis argues poorly functioning financial systems in developing countries may effect investment quality and growth rate of the economy in negative direction. McKinnon’s (1973) complementary hypothesis predicts that money and investment are complementary, to the contrast neoclassical and Keynesian theory, due to a self-financed investment in developing economies. In other words, according to McKinnon, financial liberalization should generate positive impacts on growth as consequence of positive relation between money and physical capital in developing countries after financial liberalization. The empirical researches conducted on complementarity hypothesis have found mixed results on the link between money and physical capital. However, empirical analysis of Kyrgyzstan’s economy is very important because of its peculiarities, it has both a trancition and developing economy, which in case of the McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis is very essential. Thus, Kyrgyzstan, as many developing countries, have undertaken financial liberalization programs during the past twenty years after collapse of Soviet Union. Therefore, the study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits, private investments, economic growth, and domestic savings behavior in Kyrgyzstan, using annual time series data for 1996-2009 with techniques of ARDL Cointegration Error Correction Model. The results does not support the McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis between money and physical capital on the period for 1996-2009 in the Kyrgyzstan’s Economy.
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Rakhmonov, Azizjon. « Institutional Determinants Of Shadow Economy In The Former Soviet Union Countries ». Dans II International Conference on Economic and Social Trends for Sustainability of Modern Society. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.09.02.116.

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Turdubekova, Aigul, et Elmira Kupsuralieva. « Kyrgyzstan and Eurasian Customs Union ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00823.

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This paper looks at the issue of joining the Eurasian Customs Union for Kyrgyzstan. We first provide a short description of how some former Soviet Union countries attempted to rejuvenate their regional integration followed by the review of the economic, social and political background of Kyrgyzstan in joining the Eurasian Customs Union. The main conditions for and the associated impact of joining the Union on customs tariffs and the international trade of Kyrgyzstan are discussed. By comparing the main development indicators of the Customs Union member countries we try to find any advantages for the Kyrgyz economy from joining the Union. An additional discussion of the potential losses and benefits shows that there are more benefits from joining the Customs Union. In general, we find that since the founders of the Customs Union – Russia and Kazakhstan – are also very important geographical, economic and political partners of our country, joining the Union seems inevitable for Kyrgyzstan.
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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. « Eurasian Customs Union and Turkey’s Membership ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01343.

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Leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan which are the countries of disintegrated Soviet Union signed an agreement in order to establish a Union named Eurasian Economic Union on the date of 29 May 2014. With this attempt Russia wants to protect its former penetration on former Soviet geography by providing economic integration. Positive messages upon the membership of Turkey to Eurasia Economic Union were given at Eurasia Economic Union meeting which was held in Ankara in January mid-2015 and hosted by Andrey Karlov, Ambassador of Russia. Nursultan Nazarbayev, who is the pioneer of this idea, has stressed that Turkey should be a member of the Community several times before now. The idea of Sergey Markov, who is the point man of Putin as “Turkey should enter Eurasia Union not European Union, it can gain strength in this way”, is void within the scope of international agreements which Turkey signed with European Union and of the rules of WTO. Erdoğan, Prime Minister of the relevant term said Putin that “Take Turkey into Shanghai Cooperation Organization and ease our difficulty”; in Russian- Turkey peak held on 23 November 2013 in St. Petersburg province of Russia. This explanation is not possible in terms of international law. Explanation of Zeybekçi, Minister of Economy as “Eurasia Customs Union is a must for Turkey. We have to be there” is not realistic. In our paper we will deal and explain why Turkey cannot enter Eurasia Customs Union and why an axial dislocation cannot occur in Turkey.
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Bulut, Cihan, Fakhri Hasanov et Elchin Suleymanov. « The Impact of the Oil Revenues on the Standard of Living in Oil-Exporting Countries of the Former Soviet Union ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00852.

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The aim of our study is to examine the impact of the oil revenues on the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union and to make policy suggestions based on the obtained findings. It has been explain that resource dependency adjust the structure of these countries' economies, which leads to income inequality compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. Characteristic of resource- rich of post-Soviet oil exporters countries - Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan have been analyzed. It has been demonstrated that dependency on resources modifies the structure of these countries’ economies, which leads to income inequality based on employment via a mechanism of labor compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. We are going to employ co-integration and error correction methods in our empirical analysis. Is there a long-run relationship between the oil revenues and the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union; What is the role of dynamics of the oil revenues in the standard of living in the short run; What is the magnitude of speed of adjustment from the short-run fluctuation towards long-run equilibrium of the system; What is the direction of long- and short-run causality in the oil revenues - standard of living relationship.
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Paramonov, Vyacheslav. « Implementation of ACS into the National Economy of the USSR in 1960-1970s : Conception and Materialization ». Dans 2014 Third International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union (SoRuCom). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sorucom.2014.36.

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Niftiyev, Ibrahim. « A comparison of institutional quality in the South Caucasus ». Dans The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szeged : Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2022.9.

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Much has happened in the three countries of the South Caucasus-namely, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia-since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Political events, institutional reforms, and economic development have resulted in greater economic welfare in these countries after the painful transition period of the 1990s. However, it remains to be seen whether they have achieved any solid results or whether they still have much to accomplish. While the answer is ambiguous, each country has followed a different political, geopolitical, economic, and institutional path and achieved different economic outcomes despite their close geographical proximity to each other. This paper compares the available data on economic and institutional quality in Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia to portray the overall situation in terms of changes in institutional patterns. Then, special attention is given to Azerbaijan, as the country is considered to be oil-rich and thus resource-dependent. A comparative perspective on institutional quality suggests that Georgia has been a leading country in terms of institutions and effective bureaucracy-building, despite having lower economic indicators compared to Azerbaijan. Moreover, while Armenia is positioned between Georgia and Azerbaijan in terms of institutional quality, its economic growth is similar to Georgia's. Lastly, institutional variables (e.g., control of corruption, rule of law, and government effectiveness, and human rights) in Azerbaijan are negatively correlated with oil-related variables. This result aligns with the natural resource curse and Dutch disease theories, which posit that oil boom periods in mineral-rich countries are associated with a deterioration in institutional quality, thereby leading to slower growth. Also, the results are important to build up analytical frameworks to address the Dutch disease or resource curse studies in the case of Azerbaijan in a comparative manner with oil-poor countries even if the scope is limited to the South Caucasian former Soviet Union countries.
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Dülger, Fikret, Kenan Lopcu, Almıla Burgaç et Esra Ballı. « Is Natural Resource-Rich Russia Suffering from the Dutch Disease ? » Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00488.

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“Dutch Disease” phenomenon is defined as the increase in the price of natural resources, such as oil and natural gas, which causes the appreciation of the real exchange rate and leads to the decline of manufacturing and ultimately to increases in service prices. Since the 1980s there has been a great body of “Dutch Disease” empirical literature, and as a natural resource-rich country Russia is a good case for the exploration of this phenomenon. The Russian economy experienced some difficulties after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the adaptation to a free market economy model. In the process of moving towards a free market economy, Russia failed to diversify its economic structure despite increases in natural resource revenues. In the last decades, while the share of natural resources in export revenues has significantly increased, the share of manufacturing output has decreased. According to the United Nations Development Program Russia report 2009, increases in energy income have resulted in the decline of other sectors of the Russian economy. Furthermore, the report claims that these indicators may trigger a recession in the Russian economy in the future. In fact, in recent years the Russian economy has exhibited some typical symptoms of “Dutch Disease” along with increases in oil prices accompanied by a reduction in the share of manufacturing output and an increase in service prices. Using Gregory Hansen cointegration method, this paper finds that Russia is in fact might be suffering from the “Dutch Disease” in the post Soviet Union-era.
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Azer, Özlem Arzu. « Political and Economic Integration of the Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkish Republics into the Global World ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00244.

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With the dissolution of Soviet Union, former Soviet Republics’ central planned economy transformed into free market economy and structural reforms were made as parallel of this development. These former socialist countries have some diffficulties to adopt capitalism due to absence of some fundamental feautures of capitalism and inheritance of Soviet Union. Ending big threat of communism, the jeo-strategical importance of the region increased for the West because these countries own the oil and gas resources besides they are starting point or transit country of the energy pipelines. However, these transition countries could not develop economically and poverty became the major problem for most of Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkic Republics. As economic problems lead weakness of governance, ethnical conflicts and border conflicts threat these new independent countries. The region seems in the center of war for power due to rich natural resources and pipelines as well as the connection point to Afghanistan and being the exit to the Black Sea. This paper seeks economic situations of Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkic Republics which jeo-strategical importance increased due to natural resources and geographic location during Post Cold-War era. This work is based on statistical data provided by United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), covering the period of 1990-2008 and contains Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan.
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Bahçe, Abdullah Burhan, et Hatice Dayar. « Dimensions of Informality in Transition Economies and Solutions ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00945.

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In most of the former Soviet economies with the start of transformation, revenue loss and lax payments discipline led to low revenue sharing, as well as inefficient tax collection and tax avoidance is common as a major problem has affected economies in transition. In this study, central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union transition countries experienced in tax payments discipline and collection issues are dealt with and a socialist state transformation to a capitalist state in the transition to a market economy from a centrally planned economy with the sustainability of budgetary constraints between state and market are considered. At this point in particular; simple and flat rate tariff preferred in the tax system have considerably reduced the size of the informal economy in transition economies and also the balance has been achieved in fiscal discipline with performance-based budget preferred in the budget system. As a result, about 25 years of the transition-transformation process stages are evaluated in the context of tax system, budgetary and fiscal discipline.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Mixed economy – Soviet Union"

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Gaddy, Clifford G. The Labor Market and the Second Economy in the Soviet Union. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada274282.

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