Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Mitigation urban projects »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Mitigation urban projects"
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Perez-Lancellotti, Gino, et Marcela Ziede. « Sustainable Transitions of Urban Projects towards Mitigation and Adaptation Projects for Climate Change : The case of Medellin ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no 3 (1 novembre 2021) : 032011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032011.
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Abstract The research investigates the relationship between cities and climate change by examining how urban projects shifted to mitigation and adaptation for climate change at an urban scale. The article is based upon two complementary approaches, a multilevel analysis from sustainable transitions theory and a framework of interrelations of urban mitigation and adaptation projects. The methodological design is a case study; we analyzed the case of Medellin that, at the beginning of the 2000's, implemented public transport projects, urban parks, educational and cultural facilities, and risk mitigation projects in the surrounding hills. The main findings are that specific projects at an urban scale are operating as niches or experiments, taking advantage of windows of opportunities, and triggering changes in the urban design routines, framing a new sociotechnical system. It is found that governance, leadership, teams of experts and urban planners are drivers for the transition of urban projects, which were initially designed for social and transport needs, to urban mitigation projects for climate change. At the same time, urban mitigation projects such as the Metropolitan Green Belt are transiting to adaptation projects for climate change. The conclusion for this case study is that while most urban projects retain their traditional role, a new generation of projects with mitigation and adaptation features is emerging in the context of climate change. This article contributes to expanding the empirical analysis of the literature on the theory of sustainable transitions specifically related to cities and urban projects. The theoretical framework of urban projects and their linkages with climate change are enriched. The conceptual framework of the analysis is replicable and useful for practitioners in the field of urban design and researchers interested in comparisons to identify patterns or typologies. In addition, the article contributes to sensitize actors involved in public urban design policies in their roles as managers of transitions.
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Perez-Lancellotti, Gino, et Marcela Ziede. « The fourth generation of urban projects to tackle climate change : a typological proposal ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no 3 (1 novembre 2021) : 032012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032012.
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Abstract Climate change is the major challenge of our humanity and the relationship between climate change and cities has received increasing scholarly attention from governance, urban planning and infrastructure perspectives. However, the scale of the urban project, understood as the operationalization of climate change actions, has been neglected. The current three generations of urban projects are revisited (modern city, morphologic articulation, large urban projects) and a fourth-generation within the context of climate change is identified as missing; it combines adaptation and mitigation strategies for urban projects. While adaptation strategies are oriented to minimizing the negative impact of climate change on rising sea-levels, floods and rivers’ changes through green and blue infrastructures, mitigation strategies are twofold: one oriented to minimizing CO2 gas emissions and the other to reducing the risks of deterioration of natural systems due to human intervention or natural causes. Integrating the four generations, a typology of a 2x2 matrix of urban projects is drawn up. The four quadrants of types of urban projects are explained and accompanied by examples. Potential and desirable shifts between the quadrants are discussed to understand how changes are needed to advance to develop this new generation of urban projects. The paper contributes to expanding our understanding of urban projects in the context of climate change with heuristics purposes for researchers, practitioners and academia, and to prepare public policy makers to encourage the debate of climate change actions of adaptation and mitigation that should be materialized on an urban project scale. Future research may empirically test the typology in different contexts of development.
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Gilchrist, A., E. N. Allouche et D. Cowan. « Prediction and mitigation of construction noise in an urban environment ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no 4 (1 août 2003) : 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-019.
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A growing number of construction projects are performed in congested urban areas. Often, the surrounding community finds these projects annoying because of noise, vibration, dust, light, and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper focuses on one type of irritant, noise. Common noise generators on construction sites are identified, and the elements of a generic program for mitigating construction-related noise are outlined. Mitigation strategies including source control, path control, and receiver control are discussed. A deterministic model based on the Monte Carlo simulation technique is used. It is capable of predicting the magnitude and frequency of noise levels generated by construction equipment at receptor locations around a construction site during each construction stage. The utilization of the model as a planning tool for optimizing the composition, geometry, and location of noise barriers around a construction site is demonstrated via a case history, namely the construction of an eight-storey parking garage in London, Ont. The model is validated by comparing its predictions to field measurements undertaken during various construction stages. Predictions agree favourably with field measurements.Key words: construction, noise, mitigation, barriers, modeling, Monte Carlo simulation.
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Donner, Julie, Juliana Mercedes Müller et Johann Köppel. « Urban Heat : Towards Adapted German Cities ? » Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 17, no 02 (juin 2015) : 1550020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333215500209.
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Is heat becoming a major threat to cities? Following the heat wave in Europe in 2003, which is estimated to have caused the deaths of 70,000 people, municipal authorities began to develop adaptation and mitigation plans and programs. Legal obligations to consider climate change within various development projects have been defined, e.g. by the latest amendment of the EU EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) Directive (2014/52/EU) and the Federal Building Code (BauGB §1a (5)). However, urban heat hazards have not yet received as much attention as, for example, carbon dioxide emissions as drivers of global warming. Dense urban structures, high buildings, dark surfaces, and high population densities trigger urban heat effects. With about 3/4 of Europeans living in cities, measures to reduce heat-related impacts are needed. This paper evaluates how German cities have implemented measures towards climate change adaptation. The results show that 24 out of 30 cities have developed mitigation and/or adaptation plans, with a majority focusing on mitigating CO 2, indicating less awareness of urban heat hazards. Moreover, we found elaborate and comprehensive examples which might serve as blue-prints for adaptation strategies. Based on the inhomogeneous scope of the different plans and programs, there remains a need for guidance and more knowledge exchange among the cities on mitigation/adaptation options and preferably information on their effectiveness, to further assist cities in tackling heat stress.
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Akbari, Hashem, Constantinos Cartalis, Denia Kolokotsa, Alberto Muscio, Anna Laura Pisello, Federico Rossi, Matheos Santamouris, Afroditi Synnef, Nyuk Hien WONG et Michele Zinzi. « LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES – THE STATE OF THE ART ». JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no 1 (18 décembre 2015) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1111934.
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Increase of the ambient air temperature in cities caused by the urban heat island phenomenon has a seri- ous impact on the economic and social system of cities. to counterbalance the consequences of the increased urban temperatures important research has been carried out resulting in the development of efficient mitigation technologies. the present paper aims to present the state of the art in terms of local climate change and urban heat island mitigation techniques. In particular, developments in the field on highly reflective materials, cool and green roofs, cool pavements, urban green and of other mitigation technologies are presented in detail, while examples of implemented projects are given.
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Ayuni, S. I., S. Tsana et N. R. Priyandianto. « Project-induced displacement : Rethinking the impact of spatial planning and disaster mitigation policies in Tambakrejo, Semarang City ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 986, no 1 (1 février 2022) : 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012063.
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Abstract Development in accordance with disaster mitigation policies in urban areas sometimes involves relocation and forced eviction of people living in informal settlements. Semarang City has the same experience. In 2019 the normalization project of the Banjir Kanal Timur river as a government effort to control flooding had displaced the local communities in Tambakrejo. This paper aims to criticize the implementation of flood disaster mitigation projects that impact poor households and assess their livelihood assets after displacement. Utilizing spatial data and primary data collection using the purposive sampling method were carried out during the fieldwork. The findings highlight that, irrespective of potential opportunities to avoid local communities from flood risk and safer place to live, on the other hand, local communities experience impacts on their livelihood assets and unclear compensation for their assets. This phenomenon proves that there are still many challenges to creating safe, comfortable, and sustainable urban development mandated in Law No. 26 of 2007. In the name of national projects, this action has taken away the “right to the city”, has increased marginalized urban communities, and the emergence of urban social issues such as the affected communities’ dissatisfaction with local government authorities
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Benson, Charlotte, et John Twigg. « Tools for Analysing Disaster Risk in Designing and Evaluating Projects ». Open House International 31, no 1 (1 mars 2006) : 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2006-b0016.
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As the human and financial costs of disasters rise, there are increasing demands for evidence that mitigation “pays”. Until this proof exists, many development organisations remain reluctant to pursue risk reduction as a key objective, or even to protect their own projects against potential hazards. This paper outlines how such evidence could, in fact, be relatively easily obtained by integrating natural hazard related risks concerns into the design and evaluation of potential projects using standard appraisal and evaluation tools. It shows that there is nothing intrinsically difficult about either appraising risks or monitoring and evaluating the impact of related mitigation measures as part of these broader analyses - if this task is approached thoughtfully and knowledgeably, and adequately resourced. Provision of appropriate methodological tools is not sufficient in itself, however, to secure improvements in the management of risk. The paper identifies a series of further critical factors that need to be addressed in order to secure long-term commitment to risk reduction, as reflected in the broad policies, objectives and priorities of both governments and development organisations, and actual practice on the ground. In particular, development organisations and governments need to accept greater accountability for disaster-related losses. The paper is based on the findings of an ongoing ProVention Consortium project, 'Measuring Mitigation': Methodologies for Assessing Natural Hazard Risks and the Net Benefits of Mitigation.
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Jamali, Farimah Sadat, Shahriar Khaledi et Mohammad Taghi Razavian. « Priority Areas for Developing Green Infrastructure in Semi-arid Cities : A Case Study of Tehran ». Environment and Urbanization ASIA 12, no 1 (mars 2021) : 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425321990326.
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Urban green infrastructure (GI) approach supports building resilience, mitigating greenhouse gases emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change. However, the development and maintenance of GI in semi-arid cities can be hindered by limitations such as available water resources. In this article, we study priority areas for GI development schemes at the neighbourhood scale through a seasonal vulnerability framework with the case study of two urban districts in the semi-arid city of Tehran, Iran. Heat mitigation and stormwater runoff control are considered as the main objectives of GI development. The results show that priority areas have high levels of land surface temperature, impervious surfaces and population density, with a low proportion of vegetation land cover. The necessary GI services vary in different local climate zones (LCZ) during the year. Although heat mitigation is required in both compact and open LCZs, the runoff control service of GI is also needed for neighbourhoods with compact midrise settings. To promote sustainability at the neighbourhood scale, the findings of the study can be used for initiating nature-based solutions and GI development projects.
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Martirena, Fernando, et Andrés Olivera. « Sustainable Disaster Mitigation : Ecomaterials in Reconstruction Projects in Cuba ». Open House International 31, no 1 (1 mars 2006) : 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2006-b0003.
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Cuba has recently endured the impact of hurricanes Lili (1996), George (1998), Irene (1999), Michelle (2001), Isidore (2002), Lili (2002), Charlie and Ivan (2004). The provinces of Villa Clara, Matanzas and Pinar del Río have suffered the major damage, basically in coastal towns where thousands of houses have been destroyed, and families displaced from their homes. Tackling this problem proves to be complicated. Decision-makers face two choices: (a) to concentrate the scarce resources - including post disaster aid - on emergency actions to reduce only the damages caused by the hurricane, or (b) to improve in a sustainable way existing houses through better and more efficient material supply. In both cases, the possibility of local production of building materials becomes a crucial factor. The Centre for Investigation and Development of Structures and Materials (CIDEM) has been involved in disaster-response projects in the area since 1996. The thrust has been the manufacture of ecomaterials such as micro concrete roofing (MCR) tiles, pozzolanic cement CP-40 and hollow concrete blocks, which provide the means to build affordable and hurricane safe houses. These materials are produced on the basis of local raw materials and labour in small workshops based directly in the communities. The widespread use of ecomaterials on the northern coast of Villa Clara province has been a key aspect in decreasing the vulnerability of the houses against hurricanes. The fact that these materials have withstood the impact of various hurricanes without significant damage has drawn the attention of local governments, communities and donors. The presentation of case studies in this paper will illustrate this experience.
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Jacob, Ana Caroline Pitzer, Osvaldo Moura Rezende, Matheus Martins de Sousa, Luiza Batista de França Ribeiro, Antonio Krishnamurti Beleño de Oliveira, Cícero Matos Arrais et Marcelo Gomes Miguez. « Use of detention basin for flood mitigation and urban requalification in Mesquita, Brazil ». Water Science and Technology 79, no 11 (1 juin 2019) : 2135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.212.
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Abstract Unplanned urbanization is one of the main factors responsible for worsening flood-related problems in cities, increasing the frequency of flooding and flooding depths, consequently degrading both the natural and built environment. Considering this, the use of engineering techniques that reduce runoff and promote urban requalification are an efficient option for managing rainwater. This paper presents a case study of a flood control project using a storm water detention pond, designed to allow multiple uses of an urban space. The operation of the system is evaluated by an urban flow-cell model, known as MODCEL. This application seeks the best configuration for the layout of ‘Celso Peçanha’ Detention Basin, considering the local restrictions imposed by the City of Mesquita – Brazil, and optimized to damp storm flows resulting from rainfall events with return periods up to 50 years. The solution proposed considers the possibility of social urban space uses in flood control projects, revitalizing degraded areas and giving them multiple functions.
Thèses sur le sujet "Mitigation urban projects"
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Tarabon, Simon. « La prise en compte des fonctionnalités écologiques dans l'aménagement des territoires et l'application de la séquence Éviter-Réduire-Compenser : De l'échelle projet à la planification Environmental impact assessment of development projects improved by merging species distribution and habitat connectivity modelling Integrating a landscape connectivity approach into mitigation hierarchy planning by anticipating urban dynamics. Landscape and Urban Planning Améliorer la prise en compte des fonctionnalités écologiques dans la séquence Éviter-Réduire-Compenser Maximizing habitat connectivity in the mitigation hierarchy. A case study on three terrestrial mammals in an urban environment The effects of climate warming and urbanised areas on the future distribution of Cortaderia selloana, pampas grass, in France ». Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0720.
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La biodiversité est confrontée à une érosion accélérée et est devenue une préoccupation environnementale mondiale ces dernières décennies. En France, la séquence Éviter–Réduire–Compenser (ERC) est un des outils réglementaires mis en place dans un contexte de destruction et de fragmentation des habitats d’espèces. Elle permet le développement des territoires tout en visant une absence de perte nette de biodiversité. Cependant, malgré les récentes évolutions réglementaires européennes et françaises, le triptyque ERC présente de nombreuses limites et enjeux d’ordre opérationnel. En positionnant nos travaux à l’interface entre recherche et opérationnalité, nous proposons un cadre méthodologique basé sur plusieurs approches de modélisation afin d’améliorer les processus d’évaluation et décisionnels aux différentes étapes d’aménagement, de la planification à l’opérationnel au moment de l’autorisation des projets. Dans une première partie du travail, nous intégrons les enjeux spatio-temporels de la biodiversité à l’ensemble de la séquence ERC, de l’évaluation des impacts potentiels au dimensionnement des mesures écologiques. À partir du cas précis de l’aménagement du Grand Stade de Lyon, nous montrons l’intérêt de combiner les modèles de distribution d’espèces et les graphes paysager pour identifier les réseaux écologiques et poser un cadre de calcul de l’équivalence écologique basé sur le volet fonctionnel de la biodiversité. Intégrer les dimensions spatiales et temporelles permet d’accroitre la connectivité des habitats et améliorer la conception des projets. Nous montrons ensuite qu’organiser la compensation à l’échelle des territoires en les intégrant aux réseaux écologiques améliore davantage les bénéfices et réduit le risque d’échecs des mesures. Notre démarche est présentée dans le contexte périurbain de l’Ouest de Lyon. Enfin, nous démontrons les implications d’une démarche anticipée et planifiée de la séquence ERC dans la planification stratégique des territoires. Pour cela, nous montrons dans le cadre de la Métropole de Toulouse l’intérêt d’étudier conjointement les dynamiques urbaines et écologiques pour mettre en place une stratégie de conservation de la biodiversité à l’horizon 2040 en assurant l’absence de perte nette sur les habitats d’espèces et leur connectivité selon différentes trajectoires d’urbanisation et de ratio de compensation. Cette thèse offre une approche globale pour orienter les décideurs et améliorer la prise en compte des fonctionnalités écologiques à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles dans l’aménagement des territoires et l’application de la séquence ERC. Ce travail est basé sur des logiciels novateurs et accessibles pour tous les acteurs et constitue une contribution intéressante à l’appui des maitres d’ouvrage qui souhaitent s’assurer de l’absence d'effets significatifs ou irréversibles sur la biodiversité, et des autorités environnementales qui veillent à ce que l’ensemble des enjeux environnementaux soient bien pris en compte dans la conception des projets d’aménagementOver the past decades, biodiversity erosion has speeded up and become a global environmental concern since. Anthropization has led to. The mitigation hierarchy (avoidance, reduction and offsetting of impacts) is a regulatory tool implemented in a context of habitat destruction and fragmentation, disrupting species’ life cycle. The objective is to achieve “no net loss” of biodiversity following urban development. Although biodiversity conservation regulations have recently better addressed ecosystem functioning, the mitigation hierarchy is still being implemented with little concern for the spatial configuration of ecosystems in the landscape. This thesis hypothesizes that the major difficulties encountered by stakeholders are, in part, methodological and technical. Situating our research at the knowledge-action interface, we propose a methodological framework based on several modeling approaches, to respond to the different scientific and operational challenges. This thesis joins forces with other scientific projects and stakeholders’ networks by exploring complementary axes. To this end, we first integrate spatio-temporal issues of biodiversity into overall mitigation hierarchy application, focusing on potential impacts and dimensioning at “territorial development project” scale through a case study on the new stadium in Lyon (Southern France). Combining species distributions models and spatial graphs improves habitat connectivity and therefore the design of the development projects. Next, we demonstrate the positive impacts on peri-urban habitat connectivity of pooling and anticipating offsets in the suburbs of Lyon. In the last part, we demonstrate the implications of an anticipated and planned approach to the mitigation hierarchy on a planning scale. We consider both ecological connectivity and urban dynamics, in an attempt to minimize the ecological impacts of urban sprawl by avoiding urbanization of areas of highest ecological value and then enhance the application of biodiversity offsetting. This method is tested on projections for the Toulouse conurbation (Southern France) by 2040. Thus, this thesis presents an overall approach that can help to increase habitat connectivity and to improve the design of territorial development projects at different spatial and temporal scales. This methodology is based on freeware available to all practitioners. It will serve planners, designers, and decision-makers needing to ensure that there are no significant or irreversible effects on biodiversity, and environmental authorities making sure that all environmental issues are taken into account in the design of development projects
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PEREZ, LANCELLOTTI GINO. « Cities and climate change : urban projects in Latin American cities and their role in climate change mitigation ». Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1154360.
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This research addresses the relationship between cities and climate change, specifically how urban projects can help to mitigate climate change in the context of Latin American cities.
It is argued that some urban projects can be transformed into a new generation of projects aimed at mitigating climate change by avoiding GHG emissions into the atmosphere with mobility and urban regeneration projects, and mitigation projects to diminish the risk of natural events, with reforestation, creation of parks, green corridors, and banks and shores of rivers and lakes.
In order to be successful, these urban projects must comply with several requirements, such as being incorporated into long-term urban planning, having a governance model that facilitates the necessary changes with a strong leadership of the mayors, an institute of urbanism or similar to build the projects, and top down and bottom up citizen participation at all levels.
The cities of Curitiba in Brazil and Medellin in Colombia are taken as case studies. The research concludes that several projects on an urban scale have been implemented in recent years and are enabling to mitigate climate change.
These projects were born with other objectives, responding to social, environmental and economic problems, but over time they have been integrated into the new challenges for cities in the face of climate change.
Although these projects are unique, they have been developed in particular historical contexts where the figure of the mayors has been fundamental for the achievement of the objectives. Therefore, the cases cannot be replicated exactly in other cities, but lessons can be extracted from the experiences to be able to implement similar actions and projects, considering the particularity of the geographical, cultural and social context of each city.
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Li, Yunjing. « Anti-Carbonism or Carbon Exceptionalism : A Discursive Project of Low-Carbon City in Shenzhen, China ». Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-5y4r-rs36.
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As the role of cities in addressing climate change has been increasingly recognized over the past two decades, the idea of a low-carbon city becomes a dominant framework to organize urban governance and envision a sustainable urban future. It also becomes a development discourse in the less developed world to guide the ongoing urbanization process.
China’s efforts toward building low-carbon cities have been inspiring at first and then obscured by the halt or total failure of famous mega-projects, leading to a conclusion that Chinese low-carbon cities compose merely a strategy of green branding for promoting local economy. This conclusion, however, largely neglects the profound implications of the decarbonization discourse for the dynamics between the central and local governments, which together determine the rules and resources for development practices. The conclusion also hinders the progressive potentials of the decarbonization discourse in terms of introducing new values and norms to urban governance.
This dissertation approaches “low-carbon cities” as a part of the decarbonization discourse and employs a discourse-institutional analysis to investigate the relationships between discourse, institutional arrangement, and socio-political resources for development activities. Through an examination of the Shenzhen International Low-Carbon City (SILCC), the dissertation answers three questions: (1) How does the framework of a low-carbon city affect a specific urban development project? (2) What is the role of the state (local/national) in promoting low-carbon development? and (3) What is the influence of the decarbonization discourse on institutions and norms of urban governance? Evidence was gathered during 2014-2017 from three fieldtrips, 39 interviews and the review of government documents and other archives.
The dissertation highlights how different levels of government became entangled in developing a local area and how, in doing so, the proponents continuously searched for ways of ‘positioning’ their initiative in discourses that would attract higher level government support, maintain local coalitions, and entice international attention and investment. In this regard, low-carbon cities are a state discursive project. Rather than an established material goal, a low-carbon city is an evolving process in which the decarbonization discourse introduces a new set of values, metrics and governing logics into development practices and redefines the legitimacy and accountability of urban development. Furthermore, the local state leverages the interpretive flexibility within the decarbonization discourse through strategies including carbon labeling, weak carbonization, and carbon exceptionalism. Consequently, the state takes a strategic position to reconfigure the state-society as well as the environment-economy relationships.
Livres sur le sujet "Mitigation urban projects"
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Public transportation : A core climate solution : hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, on the impact of clean transportation infrastructure projects and incentivizing sensible land use policies around those projects to adequately address emissions reduction in the transportation sector, July 7, 2009. Washington : U.S. G.P.O., 2010.
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Kropac, Michael. Urban development and disaster mitigation : DMI's Bhuj Reconstruction Project. Ahmedabad : Disaster Mitigation Institute, 2002.
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Rønne, Anita. Smart Cities and Smart Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0004.
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Increasing focus on sustainable societies and ‘smart cities’ due to emphasis on mitigation of climate change is simultaneous with ‘smart regulation’ reaching the forefront of the political agenda. Consequently, the energy sector and its regulation are undergoing significant innovation and change. Energy innovations include transition from fossil fuels to more renewable energy sources and application of new computer technology, interactively matching production with consumer demand. Smart cities are growing and projects are being initiated for development of urban areas and energy systems. Analysis from ‘Smart Cities Accelerator’, developed under the EU Interreg funding programme that includes Climate-KIC,——provides background for the focus on a smart energy system. Analysis ensures the energy supply systems support the integration of renewables with the need for new technologies and investments. ‘Smart’ is trendy, but when becoming ‘smart’ leads to motivation that is an important step towards mitigating climate change.
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Ergas, Christina. Surviving Collapse. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197544099.001.0001.
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As environmental crises loom, this book makes an argument for radical changes in the ways in which people live in order to stave off a dystopian future. A possible way forward is radical sustainable development, which emphasizes environmental and social justice concerns that are at once transformative, or egalitarian toward total liberation, and regenerative, or restorative to heal the health of people and the planet. Radical sustainability is distinguished from weak sustainability—a critique of the neoliberal, sustainable development project that, in practice, prioritizes economic growth over people and the planet—using theories from ecofeminist, environmental justice, and postcolonial scholars. The prevailing notion of sustainable development has remained ineffective at reducing environmental degradation and social inequalities. To gauge possible solutions to these problems, the book examines two alternative, community-scale, socioecological models of development with small environmental footprints and more egalitarian social practices. Methods employed are qualitative, cross-national, and comparative. The cases are an urban ecovillage in the Pacific Northwest, United States and a Cuban urban farm in Havana. These cases are important reminders that elegant, low-cost solutions already exist for environmental harm mitigation as well as social equity and adaptation. Findings highlight that each case uses community-oriented, low-tech practices and integrates ancestral, Indigenous, and local ecological knowledges. They prioritize social and ecological efficiency and subsume economic rationality towards those ends. While neither is a panacea, both provide examples for how communities can move toward stronger forms of sustainable development and empower readers to imagine, and possibly build, more resilient futures.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Mitigation urban projects"
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Li, Zongming. « Construction and whole-process management for urban lifeline projects ». Dans Advances in Measurement Technology, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, 3. London : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003330172-1.
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Kantoush, Sameh A., Mohamed Saber, Mohammed Abdel-Fattah et Tetsuya Sumi. « Integrated Strategies for the Management of Wadi Flash Floods in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Arid Zones : The ISFF Project ». Dans Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering : DPRI reports, 3–34. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_1.
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AbstractSustainable management of wadi flash flood (WFF) risks is desperately needed to secure development in wadi systems. Due to rapid flow generation with sudden high flood peaks, spatiotemporal variability of rainfall occurrence, and poorly sited rapid development, most Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have no comprehensive proper protection from WFFs. In arid regions, single mitigation measures, including storage dams, recharge dams, artificial lakes and embankments, are implemented, although soft mitigation measures are not dominant, such as early warning systems. The single management strategy under climate change impacts is not adequate to reduce flash flood risks; an integrated strategy is required. The objective of the international symposium on flash floods (ISFF) project has been to develop scientific understanding of WFFs in wadi systems; monitor, model, and mitigate; issue warnings; and plan urban development by discussing and networking the strategies in the MENA region. To achieve this goal, the project defines priorities for future research challenges and potential projects for WFFs. This chapter provides a state-of-the-art scientific basis in terms of integrated flash flood management. Further, priorities are defined for the main research gaps, and the emerging research methodologies can contribute to guide the management of WFFs in such regions.
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Ruth, Onkangi, David Lagat et Ondari Lilian. « Linking Adaptation and Mitigation Toward a Resilient and Robust Infrastructure Sector in Kenya ». Dans African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2693–711. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_141.
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AbstractSustainable city is an oxymoron to many especially in developing nations where the ever extending urban fabric has consequently degraded natural habitats, altered species composition, changed energy flows, and immensely affected biogeochemical cycles. This dims the vision of meeting the present needs with a nondecreasing level of well-being while not compromising that of the future generations to meet theirs. Nairobi as other cities in peer nations is associated with socioeconomic vulnerabilities as well as visible and “invisible” ecological problems such as pollution, climate change, spatial competition, dependency in natural capital use, and congestion. Nevertheless, this is uniquely both a problem and a solution.Nairobi has grown from a small railway station at the turn of the twentieth century to one of Africa’s largest cities. With this growth, comes an oversized ecological footprint and complex challenges of stresses and shocks. Infrastructure development in developing nations is gaining momentum. It is one of the development indicators and a major contributor to the GDP. However, it is very vulnerable financially and functionally to extreme weather events such as intense and prolonged periods of rainfall, inundation, low retreating rates of flood waters, increased temperatures, and unpredictable wind patterns. This study sought to establish the level of integration of adaptation and mitigation measures to climate change in selected infrastructure projects. It further evaluates the performance of key action plans, projects, and efforts made to enhance resilience to climate change. The study supports the integration of broad investment flows instead of the project-by-project approach.
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Kombe, Wilbard Jackson, et Samwel S. Alananga. « Is Climate Change Knowledge Making a Difference in Urban Planning and Practice : Perspectives from Practitioners and Policymakers in Tanzania ». Dans The Urban Book Series, 119–41. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06550-7_7.
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AbstractThe magnitude and effects of Climate Change (CC) such as floods and storms are projected to increase in the future. There is also a consensus among scholars that rich CC knowledge in urban planning can lead to better Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Mitigation (CCM) outcomes. However, generally the role of planners and plans in responding to Climate Change (CC) challenges has been disappointing and increasingly questioned. This chapter analyses the role of planning education, experience and/or practice among professional planners in addressing climate adaptation and mitigation issues. Field studies involving face to face interviews were conducted in Arusha Municipality in 2019. Questionnaires were completed by practitioners and policymakers. The findings highlight the gaps in CC knowledge and capacity among planners and policymakers. Also, the extent of informality, the major force transforming urban land use and development is overlooked. Most importantly, there is insensitivity, lack of accountability and political commitment by the Local Government Authority (LGA) on CC issues in planning, budgeting, and management. We argue that improving the role of urban planning in CCA and CCM requires: a recognition of the indispensable role of LGAs; substantive engagement of stakeholders; acknowledgement of socio-cultural and economic barriers to CCA/CCM at the local level; guidance on informality; and adaption of multi-level governance and integration of spatial and economic planning at city and community levels.
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Kim, Kwi-Gon, et Hee-Sun Choi. « Innovative New Market Mechanisms from Project to Mitigation Activities in the Urban Context : A New Paradigm ». Dans Planning Climate Smart and Wise Cities, 253–90. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80165-6_7.
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Clegg, Georgina, Richard Haigh, Dilanthi Amaratunga et Harkunti Pertiwi Rahayu. « Coordination Challenges Facing Effective Flood Governance in the Ciliwung River Basin ». Dans Environment & ; Policy, 313–27. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_17.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe Ciliwung River in Java, Indonesia, is known to cause frequent flooding in the downstream capital city of Jakarta. From source to mouth the river flows through several administrative units. Indonesia’s decentralised governance structure means that each unit has the authority to develop its own plans and to address its own objectives. Not only that, but flood management spans many sectors, and these sectors need to work together throughout the decentralised governance system. This can pose a significant challenge to achieving integrated river management to mitigate flooding, where plans need to be carefully coordinated and high levels of collaboration are required. This chapter examines the current governance arrangements in the Ciliwung River Basin, to understand what challenges may be preventing successful coordination of flood management. The findings of the study are based on a systematic review of the literature conducted within the frame of the NERC and RISTEK-BRIN funded project: Mitigating hydrometeorological hazard impacts through improved transboundary river management in the Ciliwung River Basin. The findings suggest several issues that restrict the effectiveness of coordination for flood mitigation in the Ciliwung Basin. Imprecisely defined roles and responsibilities, issues including lack of capacity at the local level, insufficient coordination between local administrations, and limitations to the function of coordination platforms are some of the challenges identified. The findings highlight that coordination challenges do not only exist at basin scale, but that coordination issues beyond the basin can also have an impact. Overall, the chapter presents insights into the coordination challenges facing flood governance in urban transboundary basins. It also provides insights for practitioners on what aspects of river governance may need to be improved to support flood risk reduction, as well as potential topics for future research.
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Aryblia, Maria, Lúcio Quintal, Μiguel Ribeiro, Nikolaos Sifakis, Stavroula Tournaki et Theocharis Tsoutsos. « Climate Change Mitigation Through Smart Environmental Monitoring of the Urban Ecosystem in Insular Touristic Cities : Experience from Rethymno and Madeira ». Dans Sustainable Mobility for Island Destinations, 129–47. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73715-3_8.
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AbstractCities, and general urban areas, contribute critically to climate change because of the GHGs related to traffic congestion, fossil fuel consumption, noise and air pollution. Air pollution, despite the noteworthy improvements during the last decades, still plays a significant role in the quality of living in European cities as it causes damages to health and ecosystems, thus making urgent the immoderate need of diminishing it. Within the Horizon 2020 CIVITAS DESTINATIONS project, six European island cities, which are highly attractive destinations for tourists worldwide, implemented various sustainable mobility measures. Among them, Funchal, Madeira-Portugal, and Rethymno, Crete-Greece, implemented two different environmental monitoring systems to measure and calculate a predetermined set of indicators, capable of estimating the environmental benefits in transport, economy, society, energy, and the environment. The monitoring systems were installed in specific sites all around these two cities, aiming, through the integrated sensors, to collect environmental data related to transport load, such as environmental indexes (temperature, humidity, noise) and air pollutants (CO2, CO, NOx, SO2, PM). The collection of critical and reliable data offers the opportunity for an effective evaluation of the overall performance of the implemented measures toward sustainable, environmentally friendly, and low-carbon mobility policies.
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Abadi, Mohammad Hajian Hossein, Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir et Ayyoob Sharifi. « A typology analysis of smart city projects around the world ». Dans Urban Climate Adaptation and Mitigation, 241–52. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-85552-5.00015-4.
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Connolly, Creighton. « The Forests In The City : Building Participatory Approaches To Urban-Environmental Governance ». Dans Political Ecologies of Landscape, 77–95. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529214147.003.0005.
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This chapter moves out to the hills of the city, to document the growing development pressures on Penang's hills, which have been increasingly threatened by new development projects associated with the PTMP, including the Penang Island Link 1 (PIL1) Highway. It also discusses how the State Government's approach to the compounding effects of hillside development has been premised upon mitigation strategies to enable further development. It thereby points out the contradictions in Penang's vision of becoming a ‘Green and Smart State’, by illustrating how this has acted as a facade to veil the continued degradation of the broader urban ecosystem through development. The chapter argues that it is important to move beyond concepts of resilience, which advocate the implementation of technology and engineering measures to adapt to, rather than resist, the environmental shocks associated with intensive urban development.
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Thirumal, Jaganthan, Usha Kingsly Devi et Dynisha S. « IoT for Waste Management ». Dans Handbook of Research on Implementation and Deployment of IoT Projects in Smart Cities, 265–78. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9199-3.ch016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Smart cities incorporate information and communication technology to enhance the quality and performance of urban services. The element of smart cities includes physical infrastructure and IoT technology, which gives a framework, methodology, technology, and management solution and efficient waste handling and reduction with the assistance of software analysis tools. It provides effective environmental resource flow integration. IoT system provides a digital access to waste management. This system uses online smart monitor sensors that monitor the performance of water supply and effluent handling system utilizing a cloud-based platform. This enhances real-time planned performance and increases life-cycle equipment. This technique enhances the synergistic use of resources due to climate mitigation and adaptation for sustainable growth and this technology also uses air quality sensors across the city to collect open data platform for monitoring and reducing primary and secondary pollutants and systematically instruct the pollutant-causing sources to maintain ambient air quality.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Mitigation urban projects"
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George, H. « An Inspection Of Atmospheric Conditions Transition Mitigation Measures From Major Cities Of United Kingdom And China ». Dans MODERN ISSUES OF SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CURRENT RESEARCH CONFERENCES, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/iscrc-intconf12-01.
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The examination investigated new techniques and innovations being utilized by urban communities around United Kingdom and China to relieve environmental change. To empower different urban communities on the planet to copy comparative methodologies. Subsequently, the examination inspected the variation methodologies of five urban communities. One of such procedures is the "maintainable Glasgow project" pointed toward diminishing Glasgow's fossil fuel byproducts through improved energy the executives and the advancement of new incorporated low carbon energy frameworks for the city. Also numerous associations in Dundee set up a "carbon decrease targets". The Lewisham Council set up an efficient way to deal with energy checking, in light of electronic information recovery frameworks. China albeit a non-Annexe1 country, likewise facilitated the biggest number of Clean Development Mechanism CDM projects and furthermore produced the biggest number of ensured emanation decrease EED on the planet
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Dewanjee, Biswanath. « Challenge in Tunnelling for Kolkata East West Metro – Passage of underground twin tunnels in the vicinity of Brabourne Road Flyover ». Dans IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018 : Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0822.
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<p>The global trend of development of underground urban infrastructural facilities have come across in India too as majority of MRTS corridor projects involves tunnelling in busy districts of the city. In the context of the city of Kolkata, which is developed over a span of more than 300 years in changing regime with heterogeneous development authorities and policies, planning for an underground metro corridor encompasses diverse administrative & technological challenges. A major challenge of crossing of underground tunnel of East West Metro corridor in close vicinity of pile foundation of an extremely busy flyover viaduct structure is showcased in this paper to demonstrate the successful mitigation of this criticality by adopting systematic analysis & procedures. In this context, the paper covers Geomorphology & Geotechnical investigation & its impact on choice of tunnel boring machine, building condition survey and structural impact assessment and mitigative planning adopted. The theoretical prediction of tunnelling impact is compared with actual settlement and other tunnelling parameters.</p>
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Bisello, Adriano, et Daniele Vettorato. « The latest generation of EU Smart city projects : turning "clean energy for all" into "clean benefits for all ». Dans 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/rpab1969.
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The European Union is in the process of updating its energy policy and legislative framework under the motto “Clean Energy for All Europeans”. This will facilitate the low carbon energy transition, make it fit for the 21st century, and delivering the EU’s Paris Agreement commitments. Besides expected climate-energy benefits, the EU narrative is introducing new elements to persuade citizens and stakeholders to change their perspective, shifting the general perception from mitigation costs to development opportunities. For example, impact assessment of the new directives estimated that they would generate 900,000 jobs and an increase of up to 1% in EU GDP over the next decade. However, this is just one among several multiple benefits that could be gained thanks to the smart energy transition of cities and neighborhoods (e.g. increased value of refurbished properties, improved health and well-being, enhanced social cohesion, etc.) Starting from this premise, the ongoing research will analyses 12 ongoing EU smart cities and communities projects started between 2014 and 2017, in order to investigate their capability in using the multiple benefits as an effective communication tool, or even including them among the key performance indicators to be used in the assessment phase. In that respect, the Positive energy district concept that permeates the smart city approach of latest calls for funding provides, even more, an interesting nexus and testbed opportunity for EU ambitions. However, ongoing and future projects need to be understood not only as marketing devices for new energy efficient technologies but powerful tools requiring a radical change in management and planning of cities and urban life. In this way, positive energy districts including good habits and behaviors of urban citizens will provide equitable solutions and clear benefits for all.
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Meslem, Abdelghani, Håvard Iversen, Dominik Lang, Tina Kaschwich, Linn Sir Drange et Keith Jones. « The LRG Software for liquefaction mitigation planning and decision support ». Dans IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019 : Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1681.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>LIQUEFACT Reference Guide (LRG) software is one of the main products of the LIQUEFACT, a multi- disciplinary project funded under the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 framework program. The software, which incorporates both data and methodologies collected and elaborated in the project’s various work packages, has been developed for liquefaction mitigation planning and decision support, able to estimate and predict the likely consequences of Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction Disaster (EILD) to the most vulnerable region of Europe. In contrast to other seismic risk assessment software tools, the LRG software is targeting a wider range of user groups with different levels of technical background (urban planners, facility managers, structural and geotechnical engineers, or seismic risk modelers) as well as requirements. In doing so, the LRG software toolbox shall allow users assessing the liquefaction-related risk as well as assisting them in liquefaction mitigation planning.</p>
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Markiewicz, Przemysław. « Modern analysis and simulation tools and skills for the evaluation and design of urban projects ». Dans Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona : Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8097.
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Currently most of the growth of the human population takes place in the cities. Urban areas become more densely populated. Simultaneously cities are recognized as the leading producers of CO2 emissions. For these reasons, in the coming years, reducing energy use and mitigating air pollution in the cities will be critical.
For decades, urban planners have attempted to make cities more sustainable and energy efficient. However, understanding the complex interactions among all factors, the environment and urban microclimates on citywide scales is a complicated challenge.
Only in recent years development of computer programs in BIM standard have enabled comprehensive large-scale simulations and analyzes of urban environments.
3D-CAD software modeling tools includes an interactive virtual environment that examines the dynamic physical processes associated with energy use and pollutant dispersion in settings ranging from neighborhoods to cities and metropolitan areas.
Energy inventory in an urban scale, organized by the municipal authorities is nowadays the most justified. With the capabilities of modern software such task is feasible and economically viable. Inventory should based on simplified models of the buildings with the most important parameters such as:
- basic dimensions and volume of buildings
- description of thermal insulation of the building envelope
- surface and thermal properties of windows
- the source of heating and hot water
- the solution of ventilation system in the building
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Sysoyeva, Vera. « ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL URBAN STRATEGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ADVANCING GREEN URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN BELARUS ». Dans GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/40.
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"The structural differences and nature of the social, economic and environmental challenges of small and medium-sized cities of the Republic of Belarus demand to address the Green Urban Development in a locally tailored manner. The importance of climate adaptation and mitigation at the global level finds its contextualization in the new practice of the strategic sustainable development planning that was introduced by the Green Cities Project. The paper describes the research in progress regarding basic trends for territorial urban development in the future. It analyzes three spatial strategies for the cities of Navahrudak, Polatsk and Navapolatsk which were elaborated by the Green City Project as a structural part of the Green Urban Development Plan – a local strategy that integrated energy consumption and CO2 emissions reduction with spatial development. The main objects of the study are the spatial elements of the “sustainable urban development” paradigm: “land use”, “density”, “transport and mobility”, “public and green spaces”, “spatial model”. The article argues that globally accepted spatial models of sustainable cities appear to match with the Belarusian context with necessary adjustments under the influence of some external and internal factors. Finally, the paper offers key directions for advancing green urban development in Belarus."
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Barros, Ana, Daniel Cardoso et Paulo Simões. « MODELAGEM DA INFORMAÇÃO E JUSTIÇA URBANA : Proposição de um indicador para aferir gentrificação ». Dans Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá : Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10079.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Considering that it is necessary to understand a phenomenon to, only then, be possible to address it, this paper seeks to present the construction of an indicators system as a method to measure the propensity of a particular area to undergo gentrification processes. The research has as spatial cutout the municipality of Fortaleza, Brazil.
The hypothesis presented is that Information Modeling, as a support to Urban Planning, can assist to describe and predict the occurrence of this phenomenon in order to contribute to its mitigation. For the methodological construction of the system, the research investigates the operational dimensions that should be addressed by a possible indicator of gentrification. We considered it pertinent to compose a system with indicators and data that could account for the vulnerability of residents, proximity to opportunities, and pressure to develop.
Keywords: information modeling, gentrification, urban planning, urban indicators.
Topic: territorial analysis and project. Partindo do entendimento de que é preciso compreender um fenômeno para só então ser possível endereçá-lo, o presente trabalho busca apresentar a construção de um sistema de indicadores que possa sugerir um método de medição da propensão de uma área particular a sofrer processos de gentrificação, tendo como recorte espacial o município de Fortaleza, Brasil. A hipótese apresentada é a de que a Modelagem da Informação, como suporte ao Planejamento Urbano, pode ajudar a conceber dispositivos que possam descrever e prever a ocorrência desse fenômeno a fim de contribuir para sua mitigação. Para construção metodológica do sistema de indicadores, após o levantamento de estudos de caso e revisão de literatura, partiu-se para o direcionamento das dimensões operacionais cabíveis a um possível indicador de gentrificação no município. Considerou-se pertinente a composição de um sistema formado por indicadores de vulnerabilidade dos residentes, a proximidade a oportunidades e pressão ao desenvolvimento.
Palavras-chave: modelagem da informação, gentrificação, planejamento urbano, indicadores urbanos.
Bloque temático: análisis y proyecto territorial.
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Sabeur, Zoheir, Alessandro Bruno, Liam Johnstone, Marouane Ferjani, Djamel Benaouda, Banafshe Arbab-zavar, Deniz Cetinkaya et Muntadhar Sallal. « Cyber-Physical Behaviour Detection and Understanding using Artificial Intelligence ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002702.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The advancement of cyber-physical behaviour detection and understanding in context of urban environment safety and security has been developed in the S4AllCities project (S4AllCities, 2020). Specifically, various concepts of fundamental artificial intelligence and reasoning have been successfully developed and will subsequently be tested in situ in S4AllCities pilot sites during the coming year 2022 (Sabeur et al, 2021). The detection of anomalies in TCP and UDP communication-based protocols taking place in context of urban spaces have been investigated. These were also complemented with the detection of unusualness in crowd physical behaviour in the same urban spaces. The aim is to combine both modes (cyber and physical) of detection and behaviour understanding, in order to advance our situation awareness in context of native knowledge and reasoning for efficiently maintaining safety and security across the urban space. Native knowledge concerns the evaluated risks and mitigation measures for response to potential cyber-physical attacks on the urban space. In this study, the deployed machine learning techniques achieved good performances for classifying cyber and physical behaviour under various scenarios of potential attacks. Our future work is to exercise the performance, evaluation and validation of our intelligent algorithms using in situ cyber and physical observation scenarios of the urban spaces of the three S4AllCities pilot sites in Europe.References:S4AllCities (2020). Safe and Secure Smart Spaces for all Cities H2020 project ID number 883522. https://www.s4allcities.eu/project. Sabeur Z., Angelopoulos C.M., Collick L., Chechina N., Cetinkaya D., Bruno A. (2021) Advanced Cyber and Physical Situation Awareness in Urban Smart Spaces. In: Ayaz H., Asgher U., Paletta L. (eds) Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering. AHFE 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 259. pp. 428-441. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80285-1_50
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Monardo, Bruno, Claudia Mattogno, Tullia Valeria Di Giacomo et Luna Kappler. « Climate change in urban water system challenges : towards an integrated anticipatory approach ». Dans Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nvdb6040.
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The main goal of these reflections is to investigate and highlight innovative approaches in Climate Change driven policies, aimed at overcoming the waterfront cities’ critical aspects. The ‘River contracts’ experience, explored through two case studies in the Roman hydrographic basin, is conceived to tackle the increasing vulnerability of its territory, looking for a sensible attitude towards the integration of water systems, green corridors and open spaces, with actions to be planned and shared through participatory democracy’s steps. Anticipatory adaptation looks ahead to the project scenario trying to implement policies and strategies preventing potential disasters. Creative design and conscious management embracing different spatial scales play a crucial role in enhancing the anticipatory adaptation and resilience approach. The variety of trends, contexts and spatial scales highlights that it is definitively time for fostering the ‘adaptation approach’, supported by mitigation strategies, with a clear twofold aim: risks to be minimised and potential opportunities to be caught.
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Jenewein, Oswald. « Post-Oil Environments : Responsive Design Strategies for Coastal City-Landscapes of Oil ». Dans 2020 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper summarizes parts of an interdisciplinary research and design project on climate adaptation strategies on the scale of architecture and the city within the case-study territory of Corpus Christi Bay in South Texas. In particular, this paper assesses the challenges of the emerging process of re-industrialization along the Texas Coast, highlighting significant impacts of industrial growth on the city landscape of Downtown Corpus Christi, which is located directly adjacent to the industrial oil port. A proposed masterplan is shown in this paper to demonstrate how responsive design strategies may benefit post-oil city-landscapes in the age of anthropogenic climate change. The emphasis is storm-water and flood mitigation, walkability, alternative transportation, and urban place-making in response to community input related to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the AIA Framework for Designing for Equitable Communities. Methodologically, this project builds upon a mixed-methods approach. It includes qualitative and quantitative data gathered through Participatory Action Research, a successful tool to connect the research team and students to local communities, stakeholders, and constituents. The paper suggests that this era of re-industrialization needs to be seen as a transformative process that enables the aging city landscape to adapt to both changing ecological conditions and the time after this late oil boom. Urban identity, socio-economic diversity, and healthy conditions for urban ecosystems are essential parameters to inform the development of comprehensive strategies for the built environment. The responsive design strategies shown in this paper pro- pose the implementation of an infrastructural landscape addressing these challenges. The central element of the master plan is a canal that serves multiple purposes, including disaster preparation and response infrastructure, stormwater management, and alternative transportation for inner-city and city-to-city connections, has been developed to adapt Downtown Corpus Christi to the projected ecological changes.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Mitigation urban projects"
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Chopra, Deepta, Devanik Saha, Luize Guimarães, Lucia Bernadete et Kerry Selvestre. The case of MUVA Assistentes : Moving Beyond Income Generation to a New Approach Towards Achieving Women’s Empowerment. Institute of Development Studies, mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/muva.2023.002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper highlights the case of MUVA Assistentes, a public works programme (PWP) that provided training and mentoring to young vulnerable women (YVW) in urban Mozambique. Our paper draws out the main learnings from the MUVA Assistentes project to inform the design of other PWPs that have women’s empowerment as their major aim. We show through our analysis that it is possible for PWPs to achieve women’s empowerment, but only if they go beyond a sole focus on income provision through paid work to women. Instead, we argue that if PWPs formulate their theory of change in line with Kabeer (1999)’s notion of empowerment, with its three interrelated dimensions (resources, agency and achievements), women’s empowerment through PWPs can be both realistic and long-lasting. PWPs have always been popular in low- and middle-income countries as tools for poverty alleviation and mitigating high unemployment rates among young people. Given the disproportionate impact of poverty on women and girls, many existing PWPs often include a ‘gender’ component in their theories of change. A common limitation of such PWPs and theories of change is their overarching focus on providing income opportunities, which they suggest leads to women’s empowerment. However, this has not been the case for most PWPs; hence, learnings from a project that has led to substantive empowerment of young women are highly valuable. The MUVA Assistentes project was a component of the broader MUVA Programme running in urban Mozambique. It provided training to YVW and gave them paid work as classroom assistants in primary schools for one academic year. The project addressed two major problems plaguing Mozambique today: (1) high unemployment among urban young people, especially women; and (2) poor educational outcomes among primary school students. Through a dedicated focus on mentoring the participants, the project supported these women to build soft assets and skills to enable them to realise their future goals and aspirations. This paper highlights that the MUVA Assistentes project led to three major outcomes: (1) building technical skills; (2) improving opportunities for women’s employability in the labour market (while improving public goods); and (3) building soft assets through training and mentoring. Through a close discussion of the experiences of four women participants, we find that the MUVA Assistentes led to an increase not only in income opportunities for YVW, but also in their sense of self‑worth and confidence to exercise their agency in achieving their goals. Further, the project also provided a critical public good by working towards improving the quality of classroom outcomes in government primary schools. We conclude that through building these skills and increasing women participants’ self-worth, PWPs can build women’s resources, agency and achievements, thereby moving closer to achieving a holistic view of empowerment, which encouragingly extends beyond the PWPs’ duration as well.
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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph et P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research are applicable elsewhere in Canada (e.g., the urban-rural-industrial landscapes of the Okanagan Valley, BC), and around the world where slow-moving landslides and climate change are adversely affecting critical socio-economic infrastructure. Open File 8931 outlines landslide mapping and changedetection monitoring protocols based on the successes of IMOU 5170 and ICL-IPL Project 202 in BC. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive rapid and slow-moving landslide assemblages that have the potential to impact railway infrastructure and operations. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research efforts lead to a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Combining field-based landslide investigation with multi-year geospatial and in-situ time-series monitoring leads to a more resilient railway national transportation network able to meet Canada's future socioeconomic needs, while ensuring protection of the environment and resource-based communities from landslides related to extreme weather events and climate change. InSAR only measures displacement in the east-west orientation, whereas UAV and RTK-GNSS change-detection surveys capture full displacement vectors. RTK-GNSS do not provide spatial coverage, whereas InSAR and UAV surveys do. In addition, InSAR and UAV photogrammetry cannot map underwater, whereas boat-mounted bathymetric surveys reveal information on channel morphology and riverbed composition. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels, and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and Canadian economy. We propose a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada that is also applicable elsewhere. Research activities for 2022 to 2025 are presented by way of conclusion.