Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Mississippian Geologic Period »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Mississippian Geologic Period"
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Woods, Mark T., David R. Russell et Robert B. Herrmann. « Dispersion of Short Period Rayleigh Waves Within The Ozark Uplift and Illinois Basin ». Seismological Research Letters 60, no 3 (1 juillet 1989) : 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.60.3.111.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract We use data recorded by four arrays of portable instruments to investigate the propagation of short period (0.2≤T ≤2.0 sec) surface waves within the Ozark Uplift and Illinois Basin. At the regional scale, we construct group velocity dispersion curves for five suites of propagation paths, and invert them for shear velocity structure. The best model in each case consists of a single layer above a halfspace, and we can correlate the model units with geologic formations. The upper layer in the two Ozark Uplift models represents Ordovician and Cambrian carbonate strata, the halfspace corresponds to the Precambrian crystalline basement. Differences between our new models and an earlier one reflect the different parts of uplift that were sampled, and show the thickening of the Paleozoic section away from the uplift core. In the Illinois Basin models, the upper layer represents Pennsylvanian age elastics and the halfspace represents older Paleozoic carbonates. This interpretation is substantiated by a velocity log from a nearby deep well. Again, differences between our new models and earlier efforts result from different passband data that sample different parts of the basin. We also extract interstation phase velocities from array data recorded at the western edge of the Illinois Basin, over Mississippian age outcrop. By comparing this local dispersion curve with one calculated from the appropriate regional scale model, we conclude that the local structure can also be modeled as a single layer above a halfspace. Local shear velocities are, however, 30% faster than the regional average, which reflects the absence of the slow Pennsylvanian elastic strata around the basin’s periphery.
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Vanden Berg, Beth, Christophe Nussbaumer, Amy Noack, John Thornton, Ralf J. Weger, Gregor P. Eberli et G. Michael Grammer. « A comparison of the relationship between measured acoustic response and porosity in carbonates across different geologic periods, depositional basins, and with variable mineral composition ». Interpretation 6, no 2 (1 mai 2018) : T245—T256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0108.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recent work has shown that there is a predictable inverse relationship between laboratory-measured sonic velocity response and porosity in carbonates, which can be reasonably approximated using the empirical Wyllie time-average equation (WTA). The relationship was initially identified in late Cretaceous to Cenozoic age samples collected from the Great Bahama Bank and the Maiella Platform, an exhumed Cretaceous carbonate platform in Italy. We have compared older carbonate samples from different basins and different geologic ages to determine the applicability of this relationship and subsequent correlations to key petrophysical properties to other carbonate basins and other geologic time periods. The data set used for the comparison shows this relationship to be relatively consistent in other depositional basins (Michigan Basin, Paradox Basin) and with samples from older geologic periods (Pennsylvanian, Ordovician, and Mississippian). However, this basic relationship is also observed to vary significantly within a reservoir system and within a depositional basin in samples from different geologic periods (e.g., Silurian- versus Ordovician-age rocks in the Michigan Basin). Although the empirical WTA can generally be applied as a first-order estimate across a wide range of sample ages in carbonates, limited data suggest the relationship between velocity and porosity to be moderately more complex. For instance, in unconventional carbonate reservoirs characterized by predominantly micro- to nanoscale porosity, it is observed that the WTA should be applied as an upper data boundary. In addition, this study has shown that the relationship to the dominant pore type is less direct than in a macropore system in which it can be assumed that the dominant pore type also has the greatest effect on the effective permeability.
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Hashash, Youssef M. A., Norman A. Abrahamson, Scott M. Olson, Steve Hague et Byungmin Kim. « Conditional Mean Spectra in Site-Specific Seismic Hazard Evaluation for a Major River Crossing in the Central United States ». Earthquake Spectra 31, no 1 (février 2015) : 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/033113eqs085m.
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Current seismic design practice often relies on the use of the uniform hazard response spectrum (UHRS), which implicitly includes motions from multiple earthquake sources and envelops possible spectra, yet does not represent a single event. Seismic hazard analyses at the site of a major Mississippi River crossing near St. Louis, Missouri, showed bimodal seismic hazard dominated by small, nearby earthquakes at short periods and large, distant earthquakes in the New Madrid seismic zone at long periods. UHRS motions resulted in large seismic demands and predictions of pervasive liquefaction that were inconsistent with historical and geologic records. UHRS-compatible conditional mean spectra (CMS) were developed to bridge deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard evaluations, and used to evaluate liquefaction, lateral spreading, and settlement potential. The computed response was consistent with the historical and geologic record. CMSs offer hazard-compatible alternatives to the UHRS and result in seismic demand consistent with historical and geologic evidence.
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Jirásek, Jakub, Lenka Petrušková et Martin Sivek. « Geotouristic attractions of the Ostrava part of the Upper Silesian Basin : geological and environmental sites ». Acta Geoturistica 8, no 2 (20 décembre 2017) : 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agta-2017-0005.
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Abstract In the Ostrava part of the Upper Silesian Basin there are many geotouristic sites connected with the underground mining of Carboniferous bituminous coal. Text is focused on those related to the geology of the Basin and environmental issues connected to coal mining. Of great intrest are outcrops of Mississippian sediments of the paralic Ostrava Formation, as well as two most important museums with permanent geological exhibitions. Some interesting geological features conncted to younger periods of Quarternary glaciation are also mentioned. Two types of publicly accessible sites related to the environmental burdens (burning coal heaps, saline mine water drainage system) are also described.
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Koehl, Jean-Baptiste P., et Jhon M. Muñoz-Barrera. « From widespread Mississippian to localized Pennsylvanian extension in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard ». Solid Earth 9, no 6 (21 décembre 2018) : 1535–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1535-2018.
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Abstract. In the Devonian–Carboniferous, a rapid succession of clustered extensional and contractional tectonic events is thought to have affected sedimentary rocks in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. These events include Caledonian post-orogenic extensional collapse associated with the formation of thick Early–Middle Devonian basins, Late Devonian–Mississippian Ellesmerian contraction, and Early–Middle Pennsylvanian rifting, which resulted in the deposition of thick sedimentary units in Carboniferous basins like the Billefjorden Trough. The clustering of these varied tectonic settings sometimes makes it difficult to resolve the tectono-sedimentary history of individual stratigraphic units. Notably, the context of deposition of Mississippian clastic and coal-bearing sedimentary rocks of the Billefjorden Group is still debated, especially in central Spitsbergen. We present field evidence (e.g., growth strata and slickensides) from the northern part of the Billefjorden Trough, in Odellfjellet, suggesting that tilted Mississippian sedimentary strata of the Billefjorden Group deposited during active (Late/latest?) Mississippian extension. WNW–ESE-striking basin-oblique faults showing Mississippian growth strata systematically die out upwards within Mississippian to lowermost Pennsylvanian strata, thus suggesting a period of widespread WNW–ESE-directed extension in the Mississippian and an episode of localized extension in Early–Middle Pennsylvanian times. In addition, the presence of abundant basin-oblique faults in basement rocks adjacent to the Billefjorden Trough suggests that the formation of Mississippian normal faults was partly controlled by reactivation of preexisting Neoproterozoic (Timanian?) basement-seated fault zones. We propose that these preexisting faults reactivated as transverse or accommodation cross faults in or near the crest of transverse folds reflecting differential displacement along the Billefjorden Fault Zone. In Cenozoic times, a few margin-oblique faults (e.g., the Overgangshytta fault) may have mildly reactivated as oblique thrusts during transpression–contraction, but shallow-dipping, bedding-parallel, duplex-shaped décollements in shales of the Billefjorden Group possibly prevented substantial movement along these faults.
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Kemp, G. Paul, Elizabeth C. McDade, John W. Day, Robert R. Lane, Nancye H. Dawers et Jason N. Day. « Recovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta ». Water 13, no 22 (10 novembre 2021) : 3179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13223179.
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The State of Louisiana is leading an integrated wetland restoration and flood risk reduction program in the Mississippi River Delta. East of New Orleans, Biloxi Marsh, a ~1700 km2 peninsula jutting 60 km north toward the State of Mississippi is one of few Delta wetland tracts well positioned to dissipate hurricane surge and waves threatening the city’s newly rebuilt hurricane flood defenses. Both its location on the eastern margin of the Delta, and its genesis as the geologic core of the shallow water St. Bernard/Terre aux Boeuf sub-delta, which was the primary Mississippi outlet for almost 2000 years, make Biloxi Marsh attractive for restoration, now that the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet deep-draft ship channel has been dammed, and 50 years of impacts from construction and operation have abated. Now, the cascade of ecosystem damage it caused can be reversed or offset by restoration projects that leverage natural recovery and increased access to suspended sediment from the Mississippi River. Biloxi Marsh is (1) geologically stable, (2) benefiting from increased input of river sediment, and (3) could be restored to sustainability earlier and for a longer period than most of the rest of the submerging Mississippi Delta. The focus of this review is on the Biloxi Marsh, but it also provides a template for regional studies, including analysis of 2D and 3D seismic and other energy industry data to explore why existing marshes that look similar on the ground or from the air may respond to restoration measures with different levels of success. Properties of inherent durability and resilience can be exploited in restoration project selection, sequencing and expenditure. Issues encountered and investigative methods applied in the Biloxi Marsh are likely to resonate across initiatives now contemplated to sustain valuable river deltas worldwide.
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Blum, Mike. « Organization and reorganization of drainage and sediment routing through time : the Mississippi River system ». Geological Society, London, Special Publications 488, no 1 (2019) : 15–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp488-2018-166.
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AbstractIt has been said that large rivers are the bloodlines of continents, and the Mississippi River system is the most prominent bloodline in North America. The Mississippi drainage stretches from the Rocky Mountains in the western USA to the Appalachian Cordillera in the east, and sediment from this vast area is then routed to the alluvial–deltaic plain of south Louisiana and the basin-floor fan in the deep Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Origins of the Mississippi system can be traced to the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleocene reorganization of North American drainage. However, integration of a continental-scale Mississippi drainage is a Late Neogene phenomenon, and sediment routing to the GoM has changed significantly over multiple timescales in response to a variety of large-scale natural forcing mechanisms and to human activities. This paper reviews large-scale change in drainage, sediment routing and sediment storage for the Mississippi system over timescales of 150 myr, where tectonic and geodynamic processes dominate, the last 150 kyr, where Milankovitch climate and sea-level changes dominate, and the 150 year period of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries when human activities have fundamentally altered the sediment routing and dispersal system.
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O’Sullivan, Jay A. « Population Dynamics of Archaeohippus blackbergi (Mammalia ; Equidae) from the Miocene Thomas Farm Fossil Site of Florida ». Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45, no 4 (31 décembre 2005) : 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.yixb8525.
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The Thomas Farm fossil site, Gilchrist County, Florida, is the most fossiliferous Hemingfordian terrestrial site east of the Mississippi River. Taphonomy indicates that the formation of the fossil deposit occurred over a period of at most thousands of years, a geologic instant. Thomas Farm contains one of the earliest and numerically largest populations of the small equid Archaeohippus. Although the sample of mandibles is small (MNI=30), I was able to recognize nine age grades for Archaeohippus blackbergi. As the age at which a female Equus gives birth to her first offspring (3-3.5 years) approximately correlates with eruption of the third molar (3.5-4 years), it is estimated from tooth eruption data that a female A. blackbergi yielded her first foal between 1.5-2 years of age. A mortality spike for individuals with m3 coming into occlusion is interpreted as representing mortality due to intraspecific combat between males. Potential longevity for A. blackbergi is estimated at about 5 years.
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Wood, Clinton M., et Ethan R. B. Baker. « Cost Savings of Implementing Site-Specific Ground Motion Response Analysis in the Design of Short-Period Mississippi Embayment Bridges ». Earthquake Spectra 34, no 3 (août 2018) : 1155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/120517eqs247m.
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Deep dynamic site characterization and a site-specific ground motion response analysis (SSGMRA) were conducted for a bridge site in Monette, Arkansas. The SSGMRA indicated the design acceleration response spectrum determined using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) general seismic procedure could be reduced by one third for the short-period range due to attenuation of the short-period ground motions. The steel girder pile-bent bridge, originally designed using the AASHTO general seismic design procedure, was redesigned using the updated seismic demands estimated from SSGMRA. A cost-savings analysis was then conducted to determine the potential savings associated with conducting the SSGMRA. By designing based on the results of the SSGMRA, a potential gross savings of $205,000, or 7% of the original bridge construction cost, could be achieved for the study bridge. Items that contributed most to the cost savings were the pile and embankment construction.
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Mizens, G. A., et S. A. Dub. « Geochemistry of limestones of the Mid-Carboniferous boundary interval in the Southern and Middle Urals ». LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 22, no 3 (2 juillet 2022) : 300–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2022-22-3-300-326.
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Research subject. Limestones of 11 sections of the Mid-Carboniferous boundary interval in the Southern and Middle Urals were studied. Sections of the western slope of the Urals (2 sections) refer to the East European platform, while the eastern Urals carbonate strata (9 sections) are fragments of the carbonate platform formed in the residual basin of the Ural Ocean. Material and methods. The lithological features of limestones of all considered sections were identified, the distribution and main characteristics of 28 trace (rare and scattered) elements, as well as Al and Fe, were studied and analyzed. Results and conclusions. The main characteristics of sedimentary basins, including the redox state, terrigenous material provenances, climatic conditions and the influence of endogenous processes, primarily volcanism, were clarified and evaluated. The results confirm the point of view about the short-duration hiatus at the Mid-Carboniferous boundary and the absence of a catastrophic drop in the World Ocean level. There are also no evidences of a significant cooling period. Geochemical and lithological data indicate local unconformities, transformations of sedimentary environments and sources of siliciclastic admixtures, as well as some climate humidization at the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Mississippian Geologic Period"
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McKay*, Matthew P., et William T. Jackson Jr. « Geology of the Ouachita Mountains and linkages to North American late Paleozoic orogenesis ». Dans Field Guides to the Ozarks : Exploring Karst, Ore, Trace Fossils, and Orogenesis, 47–74. Geological Society of America, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2024.0068(04).
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ABSTRACT Correlations of Paleozoic strata from the southern Appalachian, Black Warrior, and Ouachita-Arkoma forelands show varying lithofacies and stratigraphic thicknesses for coeval deposits, as well as differences in the location of disconformities. This field trip will visit stops throughout the Ouachita Mountains and Arkoma basin to observe clastic strata variability in the Cambrian, Ordovician–Silurian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian periods. The spatial-temporal relationship between these units provides a first-order understanding of orogenic processes along the southeastern and southern Laurentian margin during the amalgamation of the supercontinent Pangea. We present a summary of detrital zircon geochronology from the three foreland systems and correlative stops in the Ouachita Mountains to discuss sediment provenance, paleo-reconstructions, and to identify needed geochronology information for future studies. Cambrian through Devonian units in the southern Appalachian foreland of Alabama and Ouachita thrust belt are dominated by Proterozoic Grenville (1250–900 Ma) and Granite-Rhyolite (1550–1300 Ma) province grains, with minor Archean grains. Mississippian and Pennsylvanian units in the southern Appalachian and Ouachita-Arkoma forelands exhibit similar age spectra and are primarily characterized by a dominant Grenville peak, alongside smaller Appalachian (490–270 Ma), Granite-Rhyolite, Yavapai-Mazatzal (1800–1600 Ma), and Wyoming (>2400 Ma) peaks. Proportional differences in the age spectra can be identified when comparing individual stratigraphic intervals in the forelands, and have been interpreted to represent influxes of different drainage systems associated with along strike versus perpendicular sediment routing. Mississippian strata in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkoma basin, and Black Warrior basin exhibit unique age spectra in comparison to other Ouachita and southern Appalachian signatures. A dominant Appalachian peak (<480 Ma), alongside smaller Grenville, Granite-Rhyolite, Yavapai-Mazatzal, and Wyoming peaks identified in the Batesville Sandstone of the Ouachita-Arkoma foreland, suggests a possible connection to barrier island depositional systems to the east. Pennsylvanian strata in the Black Warrior basin exhibit similar age spectra to those of samples from the southern Appalachian and Ouachita-Arkoma forelands.
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Bethke, Craig M. « Hydrothermal Fluids ». Dans Geochemical Reaction Modeling. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094756.003.0020.
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Hydrothermal fluids, hot groundwaters that circulate within the Earth’s crust, play central roles in many geological processes, including the genesis of a broad variety of ore deposits, the chemical alteration of rocks and sediments, and the origin of hot springs and geothermal fields. Many studies have been devoted to modeling how hydrothermal fluids react chemically as they encounter wall rocks, cool, boil, and mix with other fluids. Such modeling proliferated in part because hydrothermal fluids are highly reactive and because the reaction products are commonly well preserved, readily studied, and likely to be of economic interest. Further impetus was provided by the development of reliable modeling software in the 1970s, a period of concern over the availability of strategic and critical minerals and of heightened interest in economic geology and the exploitation of geothermal energy. As a result, many of the earliest and most imaginative applications of geochemical modeling, beginning with Helgeson’s (1970) simulation of ore deposition in hydrothermal veins and the alteration of nearby country rock, have addressed the reaction of hydrothermal fluids. For example, Reed (1977) considered the origin of a precious metal district; Garven and Freeze (1984), Sverjensky (1984, 1987), and Anderson and Garven (1987) studied the role of sedimentary brines in forming Mississippi Valley-type and other ore deposits; Wolery (1978), Janecky and Seyfried (1984), Bowers et al. (1985), and Janecky and Shanks (1988) simulated hydrothermal interactions along the midocean ridges; and Drummond and Ohmoto (1985) and Spycher and Reed (1988) modeled how fluid boiling is related to ore deposition. In this chapter, we develop geochemical models of two hydrothermal processes: the formation of fluorite veins in the Albigeois ore district and the origin of “black smokers, ” a name given to hydrothermal vents found along the ocean floor at midocean ridges. As a first case study, we borrow from the modeling work of Rowan (1991), who considered the origin of fluorite (CaF2) veins in the Albigeois district of the southwest Massif Central, France. Production and reserves for the district as a whole total about 7 million metric tons, making it comparable to the more famous deposits of southern Illinois and western Kentucky, USA.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Mississippian Geologic Period"
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Koperna, George, David Riestenberg, Jeremy Leierzapf, Richard Esposito, Kimberly Sams Gray et Benjamin Roth. « Building the Permit for the First Carbon Storage Hub in the United States ». Dans SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210198-ms.
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Abstract To accelerate commercialization of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), the U.S. Department of Energy is building on decades of characterization efforts and pilot-scale projects through their CarbonSAFE program. Administered through their National Energy Laboratory, this program seeks to bring fully integrated projects to the sector that can store more than 50 million tonnes of CO2 over a 30 year period. The program, enacted prior to the enhancement of Internal Revenue Code Section 45Q, is in the capture assessment, characterization, and permitting phase. The objectives of this paper are to discuss a) the injection permitting requirements of the CarbonSAFE projects; b) information gathering in support of the permit; c) the timelines of field development and permit-related activities; d) the major technical components of the field development plan; and e) early feedback from the regulators towards acceptance of the permit. In Mississippi, over 30,000 acres have been characterized by six deep characterization wells, a deep groundwater well, and more than 90 line-miles of 2D seismic as part of the CarbonSAFE Project ECO2S. A suite of openhole geophysical logs were taken from each well, allowing for detailed interpretation of prospective storage reservoirs and confining intervals to complement the analysis carried out on the 290 feet of whole core that was cut through the prospective confining zone and storage reservoir. The detailed geologic and reservoir data was assembled and input into a 3D model to assess injection capacity and the Area of Review (AoR). This information fed into the detailed corrective action, monitoring, testing, and Post Injection Site Care (PISC) modeling. The results have been exceptional. The geologic assessment has revealed three primary storage targets, ranging in depth from 3,500 to 6,000 ft. These storage reservoirs net 1,300 feet of sandstone, with mean porosity and permeability of 29% and 3.6 Darcies, respectively. Together, these reservoirs have storage capacities that may exceed 20 million tonnes per square mile, making this a gigatonne prospect. Forward modeling of the project resulted in an AoR of 17 sq miles, injecting about 8,000 tonnes per day, for 30 years, via two deep injection wells. The excellent confining characteristics of the caprock, relatively simple geologic structure, and lack of historical well drilling activity in this area provide excellent containment of the injected CO2. Based on this work, the Project has proposed 20 years of PISC. To date, only two U.S. CO2 injection permits have been granted. These projects relied on a singular capture point feeding a singular sequestration point (source to sink) and considerations have not been made to garner CO2 emissions from other industrial sources. The Kemper County Storage Complex is a first-of-its-kind storage hub concept that looks to develop an area capable of storing significant quantities of CO2 from the region. Also, this work will show how characterization efforts, geological and numerical modeling efforts, and plan development were constructed in support of permit and incentives acceptance.