Thèses sur le sujet « Missing persons (International law) »
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Lengua, Parra Adrián, et Ana Paula Mendoza. « A pending issue that does not disappear : the need to implement a policy of search of missing persons parting from the establishment of a central agency in the Peruvian State ». THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As a product of the armed violence and the human rights violations committed in the decades of the eighties and nineties, the Peruvian government initiated a process of transitional justice in order to compensate the victims and reconcile a fragmented and divided society. However, there are still issues pending in that matter. One of these issues is the search of the missing persons.The present article will delve into the importance of a policy of search of missing persons in the light of the international obligations on human rights matters of the Peruvian state, and will analyze the weaknesses of their judicial actions to accomplish this task. The need of a centralized organism in charge of this function will be sustained, and a normative proposal for its implementation in the Peruvian legal system will be presented.Producto de la violencia armada y de las vulneraciones a los derechos humanos cometidas en las décadas de los ochenta y noventa, el Estado peruano inició un proceso de justicia transicional con la finalidad de resarcir a las víctimas y reconciliar a una sociedad fragmentada. A pesar de ello, aún se mantienen pendientes en esta materia, como la búsqueda de las personas desaparecidas.El presente artículo ahondará en la importancia de una política de búsqueda de personas desaparecidas a la luz de las obligaciones internacionales en materia de derechos humanos del Estado peruano, y analizará las falencias de sus acciones de judicialización para cumplir esta tarea. Se sustentará la necesidad de un organismo centralizado que se encargue de esta función, y se presentará una propuesta normativa para su implementación en nuestro ordenamiento.
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Altaer, Ahmad Shaban Ali Saif. « The WTO and developing countries : the missing link of international distributive justice ». Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-wto-and-developing-countries(8c96a694-061c-4fe6-946a-9e331c9495ea).html.
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This thesis demonstrates that no international distributive justice mechanism is operative in the World Trade Organization legal regime, and that SDT and GSP provisions do not compensate for this. It argues that the erga omnes partes distribution of the burden of compliance with WTO Agreements frustrates the economic development of the poor developing countries, and that this can be corrected by the distribution of the burdens of compliance on a distributive justice principle. A model climate law is advanced to demonstrate the practicability of applying that principle in the WTO context. The general charge is made that, absent a distributive justice principle in the WTO legal system, developing countries benefit from WTO Agreements only in the measure that they are already trade-capable, and that those Agreements often threaten their established wealth-producing institutions. It is argued that the status ‘developing countries’ cannot remain a self-designated status, but should correspond with GDP status. Specific charges are levelled against WTO Agreements’ failure to take account of the interests of developing countries: TRIPs provisions severely restrict the transfer of technology, and thereby frustrate emerging pharmaceutical industries; the DSM, based on Western legal tradition, imposes a burden of unfamiliarity on developing countries, and its enforcement system is generally not available to them; the GATS tolerates the friction between NT and MFN obligation and FTAs; the GATS and the TRIMs confer the right of one country to invest in another, in the absence of any validating customary international law, yet no WTO Agreement brings foreign-investment dispute settlement into the DSM, leaving the WTO tolerant of BITs and FTAs that nominate non-WTO tribunals for that purpose, despite evidence that many developing countries cannot sustain the financial penalties these tribunals impose.
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Vivekananthan, Niranjini. « The international legal protection of persons internally displaced by internal armed conflict ». Thesis, University of Hull, 2006. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5643.
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Sikka, Annuradha. « Trafficking in Persons in Canada : Looking for a "Victim" ». Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31786.
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This dissertation looks at the concept of “trafficking in persons” and how it has been created, interpreted and utilized in the international sphere and in Canada. Using the approach of Critical Legal Pluralism (CLP), it examines the legal regulation of trafficking as being created through a bi-directional constitutive process, with paradigmatic conceptions of trafficking having a hand in creating regulation as well as being influenced by it. Through a review of data retrieved using a variety of qualitative methods as well as classic legal analysis, this dissertation explores the operation of various social actors and their effect on the determination of what trafficking is, and who is worthy of protection from it.
In Part One the international framework is outlined through a discussion of the creation of the dominant paradigm of trafficking and implementations of it. Chapter One traces the history of the anti-trafficking movement by looking at the development of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, and by examining the creation of dominant discourses around trafficking. Chapter 2 uses CLP to examine the influences of a variety of actors on the creation of these discourses and the repercussions the discourses have had on the implementation of anti-trafficking policies.
Part Two then turns to the Canadian context. In Chapter Three, classical legal methodologies are employed to discuss Canada’s obligations under international law with respect to trafficking, as well as the creation of definitions of trafficking in the Canadian legal regulatory context. Chapter Four then reviews data from Canada to discuss the ways in which various actors have been involved in the creation and operation of the dominant paradigm and how it in turn affects the operation of trafficking-related legal constructs. Ultimately, it is found that due to the influence of the dominant paradigm and the motivations that aid in its operation, programs and policies framed under the rubric of “trafficking” necessarily fail to achieve meaningful redress for the groups they purport to benefit.
On this basis, an alternative approach is suggested to address phenomena currently being dealt with through anti-trafficking frameworks. A move is suggested away from a focus on “trafficking” to a sectoral approach, accounting for the complexities and histories of individuals subject to exploitative circumstances.
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Nijman, Janne Elisabeth. « The concept of international legal personality : an inquiry into the history and theory of international law / ». The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/484567152.pdf.
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Bjoerkan, Maren. « International displacement and state compliance with international human rights standards : the current protection of internally displaced persons' right to physical security in Nigeria ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28030.
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There are approximately 65.3 million forcibly displaced people in the world. A large majority of these people are internally displaced. Of the 40.8 million internally displaced persons' (IDPs) worldwide, Nigeria had a total of 1,955,000 IDPs at the end of 2016. Consequently, Nigeria is among the countries with the highest number of displaced persons globally. A wide range of political, economic, social, and environmental factors, including poverty, corruption, and internal armed conflict, affect the population in Nigeria and contribute to internal instability. Thus, as Nigeria represents a complex and multi-layered situation of internal displacement, it makes for an interesting case study to understand international protection of IDPs. This dissertation asks whether the current protection of IDPs' right to physical security in Nigeria complies with international human rights standards. The current international legal framework in place for the protection of IDPs is relatively extensive, and undergoes continuous development. The United Nations Guiding Principles for the Protection of Internally Displaced People and the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention), as well as general human rights mechanisms, comprehensively set out the rights and guarantees for the protection of the physical security of IDPs. Although there has been great improvement in recent years relating to the legal protection of and assistance to IDPs, the de facto implementation and enforcement of these frameworks in Nigeria is not in full compliance with international human rights standards.
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Hurst, Lauren. « The protection and assistance of internally displaced persons and the creation of customary international law ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28258.
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Since the mid-1990s, internally displaced persons have outnumbered refugees 2 to 1 in most emergencies. These are dire statistics, but I have been encouraged by recent response developments: the African Union adopted in October of 2009 the Kampala Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Person in Africa, and the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region Pact on Security, Stability and Development, which includes the Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons, and which entered into force in June of 2008. These two hard law documents are based on the 1998 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, which is considered to be a soft law document.
With this foundation, my thesis seeks to examine whether these African responses to internal displacement can have an impact outside the continent’s borders through customary international law.
I argue that while it is still early to determine the full influence of the Kampala Convention and the Great Lakes Protocol, these two initiatives are indeed legitimate building blocks toward a generally applicable rule of customary international law. We should anticipate growing reference to them, and to the African experience in general, as issues of internal displacement increase in regions across the globe. However, before this normative framework can become binding international law, we will likely need to see more conventionally powerful states also adopt similar Guiding Principles-based initiatives. To support this statement, I outline the hardening process of soft law and the creation process of customary international law, and find that international legal theory suggests that African leadership can indeed initiate global norm development. I also found, however, that the potential of these two African instruments could not be wholly explained by law, and thus turned to international relations’ theory for supporting analysis.
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Ní, Ghráinne Bríd Áine. « Challenges in the relationship between the protection of internally displaced persons and international refugee law ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5535d05d-aa56-477c-8553-33316d297e0d.
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Internally Displaced Persons ('IDPs') outnumber refugees by two to one and often have the same fears, needs and wants as refugees recognised as such under international law. However, refugee status entails international protection, while IDPs are left to the protection of their own state, which may, but by no means necessarily, be the very entity that has forced them to flee in the first place. In recent years, there have been significant developments in the realm of IDP protection. This includes the conclusion of two regional treaties on the protection of IDPs, the development of relevant soft law instruments, and the reformed 'Cluster Approach' of humanitarian response. Although the increased focus on IDP protection is a welcome development, the UNHCR has expressed the fear that 'activities for the internally displaced may be (mis)interpreted as obviating the need for international protection and asylum.' This thesis represents the first legal analysis of the relationship between the protection of IDPs and International Refugee Law. It will discuss five key challenges in this respect. First, the challenge of drawing the attention of the international community to the plight of IDPs; second, the challenge of developing an appropriate framework for the protection of IDPs; third, the challenge of ensuring that internal protection is not interpreted as a substitute for asylum; fourth; the challenge of determining the relationship between complementary protection and internal displacement; and fifth, the challenge of ensuring that IDP protection in an inter-agency context does not trigger the application of Article 1D of the Refugee Convention, rendering the Convention inapplicable to the recipients of that protection. This thesis will conclude by setting out the future challenges in the relationship between IDP protection and International Refugee Law, by identifying questions left open for further research, and by illustrating the overall impact and importance of this thesis' findings.
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Al-Zoubi, Muath Yahia Yosef. « An analysis of the crime of trafficking in persons under international law with a special focus on Jordanian legislation ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12138.
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This thesis analyses the crime of trafficking in persons under international law with a special focus on Jordanian legislation, arguing that efforts to address the crime of trafficking in persons require a holistic approach, but it will focus on questions of jurisdiction and legal definitions. After analysing the definitions, elements, forms, and typologies of the crime of trafficking in persons under the Trafficking in Persons Protocol (TIPP) as the main legal international instrument, this thesis further examines whether or not Jordanian legislation is in line with international standards. Then, under the holistic approach to addressing the crime of trafficking in persons, this thesis examines trafficking in persons as a transnational organised crime. Subsequently, it examines trafficking in persons as a crime against humanity by examining whether or not the International Criminal Court (ICC) might be regarded as an effective organ for addressing trafficking in persons as a crime against humanity. Later, the thesis examines the efforts made in Jordan to address the crime of trafficking in persons. Accordingly, this thesis concludes that trafficking in persons is a multi-dimensional problem and that long-term success will not be achieved by taking a disjunctive approach to addressing its many facets. Therefore, achieving a unified approach will lead to a permanent solution or will at least make a major contribution to addressing the problem.
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Chapdelaine, Feliciati Clara. « The status of the girl child under international law : a semioethic analysis ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:811e3c7a-40a8-4d1f-a790-7842eb1b8d0c.
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This thesis engages in a semioethic analysis of the English text of international human rights treaties to assess whether the provisions as formulated clearly identify the girl child and take into account her unique condition. Its hypothesis is that the terminology employed to define the girl child and phrase her rights is insufficient to ensure her protection. The thesis firstly explores the unique status of the girl child as a female and a child, and the obstacles she faces in exercising her rights as a result of sexism, childism, and interactive intersectional discrimination. It also presents the semiotics theory, the Meaning Triad developed by Victoria Lady Welby, which allows for an analysis of the sense, meaning and significance of terminology, and the semioethic approach, which studies the import of signs for the purpose of improving the human condition. The thesis explains how intersectionality theory and semioethics shall be applied as methodologies to examine the content of international treaties as concerns the girl child. Secondly, the thesis explores the status of the girl child under international law. It examines the gradual recognition of the girl child in the international legal apparatus and the definition of the girl child in international law and the English language. Thirdly, the thesis analyses the right to life of the girl child as a case study to investigate whether its formulation under international law sufficiently tackles three key violations experienced by girl children: prenatal sex selection, female infanticide, and feminicide of adolescent girls. The thesis focuses on the two main treaties pertaining to the girl child, the CRC and the CEDAW, and a central treaty protecting the right to life, the ICCPR. At the end of each chapter, recommendations are provided, where applicable, to modify the wording of relevant provisions in order to strengthen the protection of the girl child.
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Iakobishvili, Ekaterine. « Exploring the applicability and limitations of international human rights law to the protection of transgender persons : a case study on detention ». Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21964/.
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This thesis explores and analyses the applicability and limitations of human rights law as it applies to transgender persons. As such limitations are most evident in a strictly sex segregated spaces, the thesis proposes a case study on detention to illustrate potential conflict between the binary models of the sexes, gender fluidity and application of international human rights law to those with transgender or non-binary gender identity. For this, the thesis reviews international human rights law sources, queer theory literature and transgender and non-binary gender studies. This research examines the issues of transgender and non-binary identities and their recognition in law, including developments in international human rights law and the recognition of transgender identities in human rights instruments. The thesis considers issues such as underlying principles of human rights, and substantive rights applicable to transgender persons while surveying the national jurisprudences to assemble and fully examine the available models of transgender recognition in law. The case study on detention analyzes the lived experiences of transgender prisoners and their life stories. It examines the international standards on the treatment of transgender prisoners and their human rights. The scope and applicable framework of protection is also discussed, considering the tension between binary nature of prisons and transgender persons’ non-binary gender. Overall, this thesis initiates a discussion about the binary/non-binary dichotomy in the prison context and asks a series of questions as to how transgender and non-binary gender identities can be accommodated in the prison context. It concludes with a number of recommendations for a deeper understanding of sex/gender and prison dichotomy both in theory and practice. The thesis also offers practical recommendations to international human rights mechanisms to provide specific guidelines on the application of human rights law to transgender and other non-binary gender prisoners.
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Beukes, Marvan. « Thin capitalisation in South Africa, including a critical analysis of the Draft Interpretation Note on the determination of the taxable income of certain persons from international transactions ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18623.
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This dissertation endeavours to analyse the anti-avoidance measures implemented (and planned for the future) in South Africa to combat the practice known as "thin capitalisation". It critically analyses the Draft Interpretation Note on the determination of the taxable income of certain persons from international transactions: Thin capitalisation. It concludes that the arms-length approach is not suitable for South Africa and that it is essential that a system of advance pricing agreements be implemented.
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Phatoomros, Cataleya. « The protection of cross-border displaced persons in international law : the case of Thailand's legal obligations to those displaced from Burma ». Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400964.
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Ingendae, Michaela. « Auslegung von Einheitsrecht am Beispiel internationaler Kindesentführungen : die Rechtspraxis des HKÜ in Deutschland und Australien / ». Hamburg Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2513-0.htm.
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McLaughlin, Jeanne M. « An evaluation of Oregon's system of identifying unidentified human remains and using technology to improve the efficiency of law enforcement and the medical examiner in identifying human remains / ». Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1905728431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Quesnel, Meléndez Carlos. « The Right to return and repatriation in international law, with a special reference to refugees and displaced persons in Mexico and Central America / ». Genève : Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36207049k.
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Achan-Okitia, Patricia. « The internal displacement crisis in Africa : implementation of national and international law on the child marriage phenomenon in Uganda ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/5276.
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This research focuses on the role that International Human Rights Law, policy and legislation should play in the protection of the rights of internally displaced children against child marriage. This thesis examines international treaties and domestic laws that purport to prohibit the
practice of child marriage with particular attention to laws relating to the protection of internally displaced children (IDPs).Mini Dissertation (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law of the University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Lana Baydas at the Department of Law, American University in Cairo, Egypt. 29 October 2007
www.chr.up.ac.za
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Chilemba, Enoch MacDonnell. « The national implementation of international human rights law pertaining to children with disabilities in selected jurisdictions in Africa ». Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3775.
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Doctor Legum - LLDThis thesis considers two jurisdictions, namely Malawi and South Africa, and attributes the problem to the lack of appropriate national implementation of the applicable human rights law by these states. Consequently, the study is based on the underlying assumption that one of the main ways of addressing this problem is for African states to undertake measures that comply with international standards for ensuring the appropriate national implementation of the applicable international human rights law.
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Ristic, Danijel. « Victims' access and compensation before international criminal courts / ». Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2142.
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Mentor, Nigel M. « Transformative provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities : International Labour Organisation conventions and South African law relating to an employee with an acquired disability returning to work ». Universityof the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5353.
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Vant, Megan. « In Legal Limbo ? The status and rights of detainees from the 2001 war in Afghanistan ». The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2448.
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During the 2001 war in Afghanistan hundreds of people associated with the Taliban or al Qaeda were arrested by United States forces and transported to the Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The legal status and treatment of these detainees has been an ongoing problem over the last five years. The majority have been given no recourse to justice and allegations of inhuman treatment and torture have been frequent. The first issue raised by the incarceration of these people is whether any of them may be entitled to Prisoner of War status. The evidence shows that, in general, the Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters were not lawful combatants, and hence they are not entitled to Prisoner of War status. While the rights of Prisoners of War are well documented and generally uncontested, the rights of people not entitled to Prisoner of War status are not so easily definable. Despite classification as unlawful or unprivileged combatants, the detainees are not in legal limbo - they are still entitled to the benefit of certain fundamental human rights. There are applicable protections under the Fourth Geneva Convention, Additional Protocol I, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the United Nations Convention Against Torture. The main rights upheld by these documents are the right to liberty and freedom from arbitrary detention; the right to a fair trial; and the right to life. Furthermore, there is a requirement of humane treatment and an absolute prohibition on torture. Reports from international humanitarian watchdogs such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch suggest that the United States Government is not upholding the rights held by the detainees. It is essential that the United States Government recognises the fundamental rights owed to the detainees and ensures that they receive the requisite treatment and access to justice.
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Rass-Masson, Lukas. « Les fondements du droit international privé européen de la famille ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020061/document.
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Les situations familiales européennes correspondent aujourd’hui à une réalité incontestable qui se traduit, juridiquement, par l’émergence d’un véritable droit international privé européen de la famille, entendu comme l’ensemble des règles de conflit de juridictions et de conflit de lois prévues par l’Union européenne pour s’appliquer aux relations familiales européennes. Face à la nouveauté de la matière et les incertitudes de ses concepts constitutifs, il est nécessaire de procéder à l’analyse des fondements du droit international privé européen de la famille, afin de mieux comprendre la matière et d’être capable de la faire progresser. L’étude de ces fondements révèle la nécessité de l’élaboration d’un droit international privé européen de la famille qui mobilise toutes les méthodes du droit international privé, en les articulant efficacement autour du rôle central de la règle de conflit de lois, véritable pierre angulaire du système Le droit de l’Union est actuellement loin d’un tel système d’ensemble. Il serait pourtant possible de surmonter la situation d’échec du droit de l’Union européenne par un droit international privé européen de la famille qui organise efficacement la pluralité des droits de la famille nationaux, tout en assurant l’effectivité des devoirs familiaux. Pour cela, le droit international privé européen doit intégrer la nécessité du respect des ordres juridiques nationaux et efficacement la mettre en oeuvre par un système de droit international privé articulé autour d’une règle de conflit de lois conçue de façon à tenir compte de l’irréductible dimension nationale du droit de la famille. L’Union européenne, tout en proposant un droit international privé respectueux du concept de pluriel universel, pourrait ainsi (re-)découvrir l’identité pluraliste de l’unité dans la diversité. Et elle pourrait par-là faire émerger progressivement l’identité d’un véritable citoyen européen, qui s’épanouit et s’identifie dans la diversité des droits nationaux et dans la coordination harmonieuse de cette diversité, de façon, non seulement, à ce que chaque droit de la famille national soit le résultat d’un processus démocratique auquel les citoyens directement intéressés participent activement, mais aussi et surtout de façon à ce que chaque Etat membre puisse continuer à défendre ses valeurs nationales essentielles dans le contexte du fédéralisme européenEuropean families are nowadays an undeniable reality. This reality is taken into account through the emergence of a genuine European private international family law, understood as the set of rules of conflict of jurisdictions and conflict of laws provided by the European Union to apply to European family relationships. Given the novelty of the subject and the uncertainty of its constituent concepts, it is necessary to analyse the foundations of European private international family law, in order to be able to better understand it and to enhance its operation. The study ofthese foundations reveals the need to develop a European private international family law thatmobilizes all methods of private international law, effectively articulating them around the centralrole of the rule of conflict of laws, the real cornerstone of the system. The European Union is currently far from realising such a comprehensive and coherent system. Nonetheless it would be possible to overcome the failure of the current situation through the development of a European private international family law that effectively organises the plurality of national family rights,while ensuring the effectiveness of family duties. The European private international law should therefore incorporate the need to respect the national legal systems and effectively implement this respect through the elaboration of a system of private international law that is conceived around a rule of conflict of laws designed to take account of the inevitable national dimension of family law. The European Union, while offering a private international law respectful of the concept of a “plurieluniversel”, could hence (re-)discover the identity of the pluralistic unity in diversity. Thus, it could gradually let emerge the identity of a genuine European citizen, identifying herself and himself withthe diversity of national laws and the harmonious coordination of this diversity, not only in order to protect the fact that each national family law is the result of a democratic process in which citizens directly concerned can actively participate, but especially in order to guarantee that each Member State can continue to defend its national core values in the context of European federalism
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Haan, Verena. « Joint Criminal Enterprise : die Entwicklung einer mittäterschaftlichen Zurechnungsfigur im Völkerstrafrecht / ». Berlin : Duncker & ; Humblot, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989771830/04.
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Hatcher, Robert. « Schoolyard Politics : Ethics and Language at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33161/.
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The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has been both contentious and successful. By examining the ICTY from a Levinasian ethical standpoint, we might be able to understand how the court uses language to enforce ethical and moral standards upon post-war societies. Using linguistic methods of analysis combined with traditional data about the ICTY, I empirically examine the court using ordinary least squares (OLS) in order to show the impact that language has upon the court's decision making process. I hypothesize that the court is an ethical entity, and therefore we should not see any evidence of bias against Serbs and that language will provide a robust view of the court as an ethical mechanism.
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Деревянко, Богдан Володимирович, Bogdan Derevyanko, Ірина Торяник et Iryna Toryanyk. « Особливості доказування у судах України ». Thesis, Донецький юридичний інститут МВС України, 2017. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6652.
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У своїй діяльності суди різних країн застосовують норми міжнародного права, а також порівняльне правознавство, оцінюючи процесуальні результати дій іншої держави. А для удосконалення українського законодавства у сфері доказування можна запропонувати розширити перелік засобів доказування шляхом його доповнення саме показаннями свідків, а також уточненням формулювання такого засобу доказування, як пояснення осіб, які беруть участь у справі.
В своей деятельности суды разных стран применяют нормы международного права, а также сравнительное правоведение, оценивая процессуальные результаты действий другого государства. А для усовершенствования украинского законодательства в сфере доказывания можно предложить расширить перечень средств доказывания путем его дополнения именно показаниями свидетелей, а также уточнением формулировки такого средства доказывания, как объяснения лиц, участвующих в деле.
The work of the courts in different countries apply international law and comparative law, assessing the results of procedural actions of another state. For improvement of Ukrainian legislation can offer proof to expand the list of evidence by supplementing it just witnesses and clarifying wording of evidence such as explanations of persons involved in the case.
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Деревянко, Богдан Володимирович, Богдан Владимирович Деревянко, Bohdan Volodymyrovych Derevianko et І. В. Торяник. « Особливості доказування у судах України ». Thesis, Донецький юридичний інститут МВС України, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/53175.
Texte intégralRésumé :
У своїй діяльності суди різних країн застосовують норми міжнародного права, а також порівняльне правознавство, оцінюючи процесуальні результати дій іншої держави. А для удосконалення українського законодавства у сфері доказування можна запропонувати розширити перелік засобів доказування шляхом його доповнення саме показаннями свідків, а також уточненням формулювання такого засобу доказування, як пояснення осіб, які беруть участь у справі.В своей деятельности суды разных стран применяют нормы международного права, а также сравнительное правоведение, оценивая процессуальные результаты действий другого государства. А для усовершенствования украинского законодательства в сфере доказывания можно предложить расширить перечень средств доказывания путем его дополнения именно показаниями свидетелей, а также уточнением формулировки такого средства доказывания, как объяснения лиц, участвующих в деле.
The work of the courts in different countries apply international law and comparative law, assessing the results of procedural actions of another state. For improvement of Ukrainian legislation can offer proof to expand the list of evidence by supplementing it just witnesses and clarifying wording of evidence such as explanations of persons involved in the case.
27
Pons, Ràfols Xavier. « El estatuto jurídico de los expertos y de las personas que tienen relaciones oficiales con la Organización de las Naciones Unidas ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666065.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A partir del estudio sistemático de la práctica de la ONU y de la normativa internacional pertinente se identifican y analizan las distintas categorías de personas comprendidas bajo la expresión "Expertos y personas que tienen relaciones oficiales" empleada por la Comisión de Derecho Internacional en el contexto de sus trabajos relativos a la codificación de la condición jurídica de las organizaciones internacionales. El estudio ha puesto de relieve las distinciones que cabe formular entre expertos en misión, personas que tienen relaciones oficiales a título particular y personas que tienen relaciones oficiales a título particular y personas que tienen relaciones oficiales en su condición de representantes de entidades no estatales. En todos los casos el fundamento jurídico puede reconducirse a los propósitos establecidos en el Art. 1 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas. El contenido del estatuto juridíco se revela variado y precario por la distinta tipología y la carencia de disposiciones generales. Se discute también la conveniencia de abordar la codificación de esta materia ante las reticencias de los estados y la variedad de funciones y necesidades de las organizaciones internacionales.
28
Poumo, leumbe Jean-Jacques parfait. « Les déplacés environnementaux : problématique de la recherche d’un statut juridique en droit international ». Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0066/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les personnes déplacées à la suite de la destruction de l’environnement sont de plus en plus nombreux. Leur protection au plan juridique pose plusieurs problèmes au niveau international. La notion de souveraineté fait face à celle de l’obligation de protéger ; l’assistance de la communauté internationale après une catastrophe s’impose comme la règle d’or. Un diagnostic du droit international actuel notamment en matière de protection des réfugiés ou de l’environnement montre clairement le vide juridique existant. La création d’un instrument juridique nouveau au plan international visant la protection de ces déplacés environnementaux pourrait être la solution si les obstacles sociaux, politiques, économiques et même idéologiques n’existaient pas. Cette thèse analyse la notion de déplacé environnemental à travers la problématique que pose la recherche de leur statut juridique au plan international, elle nous permet d’analyser à l’aide de la prospective juridique les propositions de solutions présentées par certains universitaires et ouvre des pistes sérieuses de réflexions pour l’adoption d’un instrument de protection efficaceToday, environmentally displaced persons are becoming more numerous. Their legal status poses several problems at international level. The notion of sovereignty faces to that of obligation to protect; assistance by international community after environmental disasters is becoming the standard. A diagnosis of current international situation, especially in the protection of refugees and in environment law, clearly shows the existing of legal vacuum. The creation of a new legal international instrument for protection of these environmentally displaced persons could be the solution if the social, economic, political and even ideological barriers did not exist. This thesis analyzes the concept of environmentally displaced persons through the problem posed by the research of their legal status in international law. We analyze with legal prospective method, proposed solutions presented by some academics which opens serious reflections for an effective instrument of protection
29
Mojak, Karolina. « L'avenir du critère de la nationalité en droit international privé ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB191.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nous sommes aujourd'hui face à un incontestable déclin du critère de la nationalité en droit international privé. À l'heure de la mobilité croissante des personnes et de l'essor des autres critères de rattachement, il nous faut faire le constat de la marginalisation de la nationalité, pourtant considérée pendant longtemps comme la principale notion en matière de statut personnel, une marginalisation confirmée par les règlements européens et la jurisprudence. Face aux changements dans ce domaine et aux incertitudes qui y sont liées, il est nécessaire d'analyser ces données afin de pouvoir procéder à un bilan et d'énoncer des résolutions pour l'avenir. En effet, l'évolution du droit international privé a conduit à privilégier de nouveaux critères de rattachement, considérés comme plus efficaces et moins discriminatoires que la nationalité, qui sont ainsi plébiscités par le législateur et les juges européens. Il s'agit tout d'abord des critères territorialistes, et particulièrement de la résidence habituelle qui est devenue le rattachement principal, pour la plupart des textes européens, en matière de divorce, de responsabilité parentale ou encore de régime des incapables. L'importance donnée aux individus, reconnus en tant que quasi-sujets de droit international, résultant de l'intervention des droits de l'homme, apparaît comme le principal facteur du déclin de la nationalité. Le principe de non-discrimination et la prise en compte de la volonté des parties, jusqu'à leur désunion et leurs successions, illustrent cet état de fait. Il s'agit alors de savoir, à la lumière des réflexions sur ces nouveaux paradigmes, s'il est encore possible de reconsidérer le rattachement des personnes en revalorisant le critère de la nationalité dans certains domaines, comme cela a été suggéré dernièrement en droit des successions. Nous proposons ainsi une méthodologie permettant aussi bien dans le conflit de lois que dans le conflit de juridictions de déterminer les raisons du déclin de la nationalité. Nous menons également une réflexion sur son irrévocabilité en droit international privéThe decline of the nationality in private international law is nowadays an undeniable reality. The impact of an almost unconditional mobility of European citizens and the emergence of other connecting factors in the personal law result in the weakening of the nationality link, despite its historical role in determining the law applied to an individual. The weakening is confirmed by the modern European legislation and case law. This study seems essential to understand the foundations of nationality as the connecting factor and takes into account the important changes of the nationality and its uncertainty. Indeed, the evolution of the European private international law led to the switch of the connecting factor from nationality toward territorial nexuses. Particular significance is put on the nexus of habitual residence, which is considered to be more efficient and less discriminatory, and is retained by the main European regulations and judgments, not only in case of international divorces or parental authority, but also according to such matters as legal capacity. Furthermore, the superiority of human rights appears to be the essential reason for the acknowledgement of individuals as the quasi-subjects of international law, which resulted in the decline of nationality as a connecting factor. Consequently, the principles of non-discrimination and personal autonomy impact the further fields of personal law, e.g. disunion and heritage. In the light of these new paradigms, it should be questioned if it is possible to overcome the decadence of the nationality and authorize its part in some matters of the European private international law, as it was regulated in the new heritage European regulation. For these reasons, this study propose a methodology that determines the reasons of the fall of nationality as the nexus of the private international law, both in the conflict of laws and in the conflict of jurisdictions, and provides some reflections on its irreversibility
30
Moore, Allan Thomas. « Reform of contempt of court in facie curiae in Scotland. The necessity for an overhaul of the law, with reference to current deficiencies, inconsistencies, international comparisons, and the effects of courtroom behaviour and environment on persons present in court ». Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742414.
Texte intégral
31
Såma, Kader. « A New Era of Terror : An Investigation of Non-International Armed Conflict and the Islamic State’s Transnational Crusade for World Domination ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-272513.
Texte intégral
32
Legendre, Rebecca. « Droits fondamentaux et droit international privé : Réflexion en matière personnelle et familiale ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020074.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le droit international privé est éprouvé par les droits fondamentaux. Les données à partir desquelles la discipline a été pensée ont d’abord évolué. Les droits de l’homme créent une connexion entre les ordres juridiques étatiques et protègent la mobilité internationale des personnes. Si cette évolution ne remet pas en cause l’existence du problème de droit international privé, force est d’admettre que les droits fondamentaux modifient aujourd’hui son analyse. Tandis que les conflits d’ordres juridiques sont transformés en conflit de valeurs, la hiérarchie des intérêts du droit international privé est remplacée par leur mise en balance. Les solutions de droit international privé sont, ainsi, perturbées par l’application contentieuse des droits fondamentaux. La proportionnalité est plus précisément à l’origine de cette perturbation. Technique de réalisation des droits de l’homme, la proportionnalité a une incidence inégale sur la discipline. Si le contrôle de proportionnalité épargne ses méthodes, il bouleverse en revanche ses solutions. Les Cours européennes ont tendance à privilégier la continuité des situations juridiques sur la défense de la cohésion interne. Aussi pressent-elles le droit international privé à libéraliser ses solutions. L’application contentieuse des droits fondamentaux doit, dès lors, être rationalisée pour préserver l’autorité et la prévisibilité des solutions du conflit de lois et de juridictions. C’est en dissociant l’application des droits de l’homme de l’exception d’ordre public international et en corrigeant la mise en œuvre du contrôle de proportionnalité que l’équilibre du droit international privé pourrait, nous semble-t-il, se reconstruireFundamental rights put private international law to the test. First, the context in which private international law operates has evolved. Fundamental rights have created a better, closer, intertwining of the separate state legal orders and have achieved a higher protection for the persons as they experience international mobility. If this evolution does not threaten, as such, the existence of private international law, it must be acknowledged that fundamental rights modify its analysis. Whereas the conflicts between legal orders are transformed into conflicts between values, the hierarchy of interests protected by private international law is replaced by a balancing of these interests. The solutions of private international law are thus disrupted by the enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation. Proportionality is at the source of this disruption. Being a case by case technique of enforcement of fundamental rights, the influence of the proportionality test on private international is uneven. If the proportionality test is found to be overall indifferent to the methods of private international law, its main impact is on the solutions of PIL. The European courts are indeed prone to favour the continuity in the legal situations of the persons, over the defence of the internal cohesion of the state legal orders. As a consequence, private international law is invited to reach liberal solutions. The enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation must hence be clarified so as to maintain a mesure of authority and predictability of the solutions of the rules of conflict of laws, international jurisdiction and recognition of foreign judgements. It is, on the one hand, by methodologically dissociating the enforcement of fundamental rights from the public policy exception and, on the other hand, through an amendment to the proportionality test, that the balance of private international may hopefully be restored
33
Williams, Meagan Meernik James David. « Judicial creativity or justice being served ? a look at the use of joint criminal enterprise in the ICTY prosecution / ». [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9721.
Texte intégral
34
Legendre, Rebecca. « Droits fondamentaux et droit international privé : Réflexion en matière personnelle et familiale ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2018. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247201181.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le droit international privé est éprouvé par les droits fondamentaux. Les données à partir desquelles la discipline a été pensée ont d’abord évolué. Les droits de l’homme créent une connexion entre les ordres juridiques étatiques et protègent la mobilité internationale des personnes. Si cette évolution ne remet pas en cause l’existence du problème de droit international privé, force est d’admettre que les droits fondamentaux modifient aujourd’hui son analyse. Tandis que les conflits d’ordres juridiques sont transformés en conflit de valeurs, la hiérarchie des intérêts du droit international privé est remplacée par leur mise en balance. Les solutions de droit international privé sont, ainsi, perturbées par l’application contentieuse des droits fondamentaux. La proportionnalité est plus précisément à l’origine de cette perturbation. Technique de réalisation des droits de l’homme, la proportionnalité a une incidence inégale sur la discipline. Si le contrôle de proportionnalité épargne ses méthodes, il bouleverse en revanche ses solutions. Les Cours européennes ont tendance à privilégier la continuité des situations juridiques sur la défense de la cohésion interne. Aussi pressent-elles le droit international privé à libéraliser ses solutions. L’application contentieuse des droits fondamentaux doit, dès lors, être rationalisée pour préserver l’autorité et la prévisibilité des solutions du conflit de lois et de juridictions. C’est en dissociant l’application des droits de l’homme de l’exception d’ordre public international et en corrigeant la mise en œuvre du contrôle de proportionnalité que l’équilibre du droit international privé pourrait, nous semble-t-il, se reconstruireFundamental rights put private international law to the test. First, the context in which private international law operates has evolved. Fundamental rights have created a better, closer, intertwining of the separate state legal orders and have achieved a higher protection for the persons as they experience international mobility. If this evolution does not threaten, as such, the existence of private international law, it must be acknowledged that fundamental rights modify its analysis. Whereas the conflicts between legal orders are transformed into conflicts between values, the hierarchy of interests protected by private international law is replaced by a balancing of these interests. The solutions of private international law are thus disrupted by the enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation. Proportionality is at the source of this disruption. Being a case by case technique of enforcement of fundamental rights, the influence of the proportionality test on private international is uneven. If the proportionality test is found to be overall indifferent to the methods of private international law, its main impact is on the solutions of PIL. The European courts are indeed prone to favour the continuity in the legal situations of the persons, over the defence of the internal cohesion of the state legal orders. As a consequence, private international law is invited to reach liberal solutions. The enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation must hence be clarified so as to maintain a mesure of authority and predictability of the solutions of the rules of conflict of laws, international jurisdiction and recognition of foreign judgements. It is, on the one hand, by methodologically dissociating the enforcement of fundamental rights from the public policy exception and, on the other hand, through an amendment to the proportionality test, that the balance of private international may hopefully be restored
35
García, García Ángel. « Otra mirada sobre Yugoslavia. Memoria e historia de la participación de las fuerzas armadas españolas en Bosnia - Herzegovina ». Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10889.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El estudio de la intervención española en la ex - Yugoslavia se organiza a partir de dos temáticas centrales: el análisis de los mecanismos jurídicos e institucionales de las organizaciones internacionales y la experiencia vivida de los protagonistas de estas misiones de paz. Por lo tanto, la tesis se articula a tres bandas: historia jurídica, historia social del pensamiento y la experiencia vivida. Las fuentes originales aúnan declaraciones internacionales, testimonios personales, y análisis pormenorizado de los medios de comunicación social.The study of the spanish intervention in the former Yugoslavian Republic is based in two main subjects: The analysis of legal and institucional mechanism of international organizations and the lived experience of the main figures of these peace missions. Therefore, the thesis is articulated in a trilateral way: Legal history, Social History of thought and the lived experience. The original sources join international declarations, personal evidence and the detailed analysis of the social media
36
Ali, Ahmed Kalssouma. « Les reformes musulmanes du droit du couple et l'ordre juridique français ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAD004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le couple au sens du droit musulman est conçu par le lien matrimonial, ce qui exclut toutes autres formes d’unions. Les profondes mutations en la matière de certains pays musulmans font que l'institution familiale est traversée par des courants contradictoires faisant d’elle un champ de lutte propice entre l'ancienne et la nouvelle, entre la tradition et la moderne.Les réformes apparues, il y a une dizaine d’années, dans certains pays musulmans témoignent la volonté des législateurs musulmans de répondre au souci de l’égalité homme-femme, en particulier le rééquilibrage des droits entre les époux. Ainsi, de nombreuses institutions ont connu des mutations soit par leur prohibition, soit par leurs restrictions les rendant difficilement applicables.Ce travail a le mérite de dresser le bilan de l’accueil de ces institutions réformées dans l’ordre juridique français et, ainsi démontrer les tergiversations jurisprudentielles en la matière.L’européanisation du droit international privé et l’influence libérale de la famille en droit français ont accru la diversité des règles et des méthodes applicables aux couples.En analysant la méthodologie du droit international privé français, un certain relativisme découle dans l’application de ses modalités ce qui envoie à s’interroger sur les limites du respect des valeurs fondamentales du for. Un relativisme qui se débat entre poursuivre le but du droit international privé d’harmoniser deux systèmes et respecter les valeurs essentielles du pays d’accueil.Néanmoins, apprécier les réformes du droit étranger dans leur globalité et leur profondeur permettra de renforcer la coordination entre les différents systèmes en jeuThe couple under Muslim law is designed by the marriage bond, which excludes all other forms of union. However. The profound changes are making Family crossed by contradictory speeches that makes it a field of struggle between the old family and the new one, between tradition and modernity.The recent reforms that have appeared in many Muslim countries, over a decade for the majority, show the concern of the Muslim legislator for the question of equity between men and women, especially the husband and wife. Thus, many institutions have experienced mutations either by their prohibition or by their reluctance involving their difficulties of application.The position of the French judge is marked by the concern to exclude the application of foreign rules only to situations that have close ties with French territory. This "proximist" conception of public order is going against a relativistic approach to divergences between legal systems., and above all the emergence of a new rule of conflicts with the phenomenon of “Europeanisation” in French domestic law
37
Perruso, Camila Akemi. « O desaparecimento forçado de pessoas no sistema interamericano de direitos humanos : direitos humanos e memória ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-04012011-133617/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
No marco do direito internacional dos direitos humanos, a presente dissertação de mestrado analisa o desaparecimento forçado de pessoas, que, em razão de constituir grave violação de direitos humanos, foi tipificado crime contra a humanidade. Desse modo, tem por fim verificar o surgimento desse fenômeno nos regimes ditatoriais da América Latina, e o tratamento dispensado a ele pela comunidade internacional, observando-se a interdependência de ramos do direito internacional face ao desaparecimento. Ademais, visa a fazer uma aproximação entre memória e direitos humanos, temática intrinsecamente relacionada com o desaparecimento forçado de pessoas. Nessa perspectiva, apresenta uma análise dos casos de desaparecimento julgados pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos com vistas à sua compreensão acerca do direito à verdade, extraindo-se a afinidade desse direito com a construção de memórias. Dessa maneira, este estudo considera a relação direta entre a manipulação de memórias do passado, pelo ocultamento dos fatos relativos a crimes da natureza do desaparecimento forçado, e as violações de direitos humanos que ocorrem no presente.Within the framework of international human rights, this thesis analyzes the enforced disappearance of persons, which was typified as a crime against humanity due the fact of being a serious violation of human rights. Thus, it aims to determine the emergence of this phenomenon during dictatorial regimes in Latin America, and its treatment by the international community, emphasizing the interdependence between different international law branches to the disappearance. Moreover, it aims to make a connection between memory and human rights, a theme closely linked to enforced disappearance of persons. Through this perspective, it presents an analysis of disappearance cases judged by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in order to depict its understanding about the right to the truth, extracting the affinity of this right with the construction of memory. Accordingly, this study considers the relationship between the manipulation of memories about the past through the concealment of facts related to enforced disappearance crimes, and ongoing human rights violations.
38
Williams, Meagan. « Judicial Creativity or Justice Being Served ? A Look at the Use of Joint Criminal Enterprise in the ICTY Prosecution ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9721/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The development of joint criminal enterprise at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has been controversial since the doctrine was first created in 1997. For the judgments rendered by the ICTY to be perceived as legitimate, the doctrines used to bring charges against defendants must also be perceived as legitimate. The purpose of my thesis is to study the application of joint criminal enterprise at the ICTY and examine how the doctrine has influenced the length of sentences given. I find that joint criminal enterprise may be influencing longer sentences and the three categories of joint criminal enterprise are being used differently on defendants of different power levels. By empirically analyzing the patterns developing at the ICTY, I can see how joint criminal enterprise is influencing sentencing and the fairness of trials.
39
Lachal, Doriane. « La protection internationale des personnes vulnérables déplacées ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA111011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La communauté internationale considère certaines personnes déplacées comme étant des migrants irréguliers. Cette étude démontre le caractère contraint du départ pour trois catégories de personnes, à savoir les personnes fuyant les conséquences aveugles d’un conflit armé international ou non international, les personnes fuyant les catastrophes environnementales de causes anthropiques ou naturelles et les personnes fuyant une situation économique ou sociale désastreuse. L’approche catégorielle classique du droit international public ne permet pas de garantir une protection à ces personnes. Aucun statut particulier ne leur étant attribué, ces personnes se trouvent dans une situation de vulnérabilité. De quelle manière est-il alors possible d’assurer une protection effective à ces personnes vulnérables déplacées ? Actuellement, la plupart des Etats s’inscrivent dans une démarche sécuritaire, contrôlant strictement la gestion des flux migratoires et appliquant peu ou prou les instruments juridiques internationaux protecteurs. Une complémentarité des différents régimes juridiques (droit international des réfugiés, droit international humanitaire, droit international des droits de l’homme) est par conséquent nécessaire et une interprétation extensive des textes existants est recommandée. Pour pallier les insuffisances du droit positif, le recours à la notion de vulnérabilité, transversale à ces diverses situations, est invoqué, permettant ainsi de dépasser l’approche catégorielle classique. Pas encore reconnue comme une source du droit international, la notion est devenue, depuis quelques années, incontournable sur la scène internationale. Elle apparaît ponctuellement dans les textes conventionnels et est fréquemment utilisée dans les instruments de droit mou. Prise en compte progressivement par les jurisprudences internationales et régionales, mais aussi par la doctrine, elle figure allègrement dans le discours des organisations humanitaires et des médias. Le développement de la notion de vulnérabilité en droit mou, précisément en des lignes directrices garantirait une meilleure protection des personnes déplacées vulnérables permettant de prévenir le déplacement, d’octroyer un statut temporaire ou définitif ou encore de fournir des conditions d’accueil dignes dans les Etats ou les régions hôtes. Ces lignes directrices servant de guide aux Etats laissent envisager par la suite l’adoption de règles contraignantes protectrices de ces personnes déplacées. La distinction entre personnes vulnérables déplacées et personnes particulièrement vulnérables doit également être prise en compte à ce stade. De surcroît, il convient d’engager la responsabilité des auteurs ayant contribué au déplacement contraint ou ayant commis des exactions sur ces personnes déplacées devant des instances judiciaires internationales, régionales ou encore nationales pour lutter contre l’impunité. En conséquence, une réparation juste pour le préjudice subi doit être garantie à ces personnesThe international community considers some displaced persons as irregular migrants. This study demonstrates that the departure is undeniably forced concerning three groups of people : the persons fleeing blind violence and the collateral effects of an international or non international armed conflict, the persons fleeing man-made or natural environmental disasters, and the persons fleeing difficult economical or social situations. The classical approach of public international law based on distinct categories does not guarantee effective protection to these persons. As no particular international status is given to these persons, they are in a situation of vulnerability. In which way an effective protection could be a guarantee to these vulnerable displaced persons? Currently, most of the States defend a safe approach, strictly controlling the management of migration flows and applying more or less protective international legal instruments. Complementarity of different legal systems (international refugee law, international humanitarian law, international law of human rights) is therefore necessary and a broad interpretation of existing texts is recommended. To overcome the shortcomings of positive law, the use of the concept of vulnerability, crossing different situations, is invoked, in order to exceed the traditional categorical approach. Not yet recognised as a source of international law, the term “vulnerability” has become an essential notion on the international scene in recent years. It appears occasionally in conventional instruments and is frequently used in soft law. It has been gradually developed through the international and regional jurisprudence and also by the doctrine. The discourse of humanitarian organizations and the media often refers to the notion. The development of the concept of vulnerability in soft law, specifically in the shape of guidelines would ensure a better protection of vulnerable displaced persons. In this regard, guidelines could prevent people fleeing, grant a temporary or a permanent status and provide dignified reception conditions in the host States or regions. This instrument of soft law would be used as a guide for States subsequent to the adoption of protective binding rules. The distinction between vulnerable displaced persons and particularly vulnerable persons has to be taken into account at this stage. Furthermore, the responsibility of the authors who have contributed to the forced displacement or who have committed atrocities against the displaced persons should be brought before the international, regional or national judicial authorities, in order to fight against impunity. Consequently, a fair compensation for the damage suffered must be guaranteed to these persons
40
Castillo, Justine. « Les interprètes de la Convention de Genève du 28 juillet 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés : Étude du point de vue de la France ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0062/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Plus de soixante ans après son adoption, la Convention de Genève compte 145 États parties.Instrument juridique universel sur le statut des réfugiés, elle est la lex specialis du droit international desréfugiés. Qui est réfugié ? Quelle protection lui est accordée ? Ces deux questions se posent avec uneacuité certaine du fait de l’accroissement des flux migratoires, des crises multiples et de la lutte contre leterrorisme. Le contexte actuel de l’application de la Convention est différent de celui de son adoption.Rédigée par la voie de dispositions générales, elle doit être interprétée pour être appliquée. Cependant, iln’existe pas un interprète. Si les États, le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés et laCour internationale de justice sont les interprètes officiels, ils ne sont pas les seuls. L’Office français deprotection des réfugiés et apatrides et la Cour nationale du droit d’asile jouent un rôle important et la Coureuropéenne des droits de l’homme et la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne jouent un rôle grandissant.Cette multiplicité d’interprètes peut causer une diversité d’interprétations. Or, les interprétationsdivergentes nuisent à la lisibilité et la visibilité de la Convention en tant qu’instrument de définition et deprotection des réfugiés. La présente étude est une analyse de la contribution des interprètes aux évolutionsde la Convention. Dans cette perspective, la prolifération des instruments du droit européen etinternational des droits de l’homme et la complexification des déplacements contraints de personnes sontdes paramètres incontournables, pris en compte par les interprètes, pour éclairer le sens et la portée de laConventionMore than sixty years after its adoption, the Geneva Convention counts 145 States ascontracting Parties. This universal legal instrument on refugee’s status represents the lex specialis ofinternational refugee Law. Who can be a refugee? What can be his level of protection? These questionsare particularly relevant under the influence of the increasing population flows, the multiples crises andthe fight against terrorism. The current context of the Convention’s application is different than the one ofits adoption. And due to its general provisions, this Convention needs to be interpreted in order to beapplied. However, there is no sole interpreter. The States, the United Nations High Commissioner forRefugees and the International Court of Justice are indeed the official interpreters, but not the only onesensuring this mission. Not only the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons andthe National Court of Asylum play an important role in this matter, but the European Court of HumanRights and the Court of Justice of the European Union also play an expanding role. This multiplicity ofinterpreters can induce a variety of interpretations. Nevertheless, a divergent interpretation can affect thereadability and the visibility of the Convention as a refugee defining and protective legal instrument. Thepresent study constitutes an analysis of the interpreters’ contribution to the Convention’s developments. Inthis perspective, the overgrowth of European and International Human Rights Law instrument and thecomplexity of forced migration are ineluctable feature, taken into account by the interpreters, to clarify themeaning and the scope of the Convention
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Mirman, Yves. « Des engagements à l'épreuve du temps : la cause des disparus au Liban, 2011-2018 ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0030.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse décrit des engagements pour la cause de personnes disparues au Liban (enlèvement, meurtre ou emprisonnement) durant la guerre civile (1975 à 1989) et les occupations militaires qui ont suivi. Certains proches – notamment des femmes – se sont publiquement engagés depuis les années 1980 pour les retrouver, désigner des responsabilités, faire entendre leurs propres droits. Alliés à d’autres acteurs, ils et elles ont inscrit leur mobilisation de manière plurielle dans l’espace politique où rares sont les dispositifs de traitement du conflit. S’est ainsi façonnée au fil des ans une cause commune malgré leur fragmentation initiale, les drames intimes et les contraintes politiques rencontrées. Le nombre de plus en plus réduit de militants n’a pas tué la cause, mais, à l’épreuve du temps, a transformé les logiques de l’action collective. Par des dispositifs de sensibilisation, l’usage d’outils juridiques et un travail mémoriel, ces militants s’efforcent de faire entendre leur souffrance, mais également de lutter contre l’oubli du conflit voire à obtenir justice. L’observation de leurs activités et l’analyse de leurs témoignages entre 2011 et 2018 m’ont permis de mesurer les effets de leur action sur la cause comme sur leur engagement. Mettre en récit les crimes passés via la formulation d’un problème d’amnésie généralisée n’a pas permis de désigner de responsabilités claires. La remémoration publique des disparus et les procédures engagées en justice par des cause-lawyers ont suscité des dilemmes tant affectifs que stratégiques. C’est finalement à une sociologie des politiques de l’après-conflit au Liban que se propose de contribuer cette thèseThis thesis describes commitments to the cause of the disappeared in Lebanon, disappearances (kidnapping, murder, detention) occurred during the Lebanese civil war (1975-1989) and the military occupations that followed. Some families of missing persons, mostly women, have been publicly committed since the 1980s to finding them, to designate responsibilities, to have their own rights heard. They allied with various actors, and their mobilizations have been embedded in the political space, where few policies focus on post-conflit resolution. These activists have forged a common cause over the years despite the fragmentation of the cases, their parents’ intimate problems and the political constraints for their struggle. The shrinking number of activists did not kill the cause but the test of time has transformed the logics of collective action. Through legal tools, memorial work and “sensitizing devices”, they sought to raise public awareness on their suffering, but also to fight against forgetfulness about the conflict and to obtain justice. Observing their activities and their testimonies between 2011 and 2018 enabled measurement of the effects of their action on their cause and on their commitment. Their telling the story of past crimes through the formulation of a problem of general amnesia did not always enabled a clear designation of responsible parties. The public remembrance of the disappeared and the legal proceedings brought by their cause-lawyers have both given rise to emotional and strategic dilemmas. In the light of the study of these mobilizations, I eventually intend in this thesis to contribute to a sociology of post-conflict politics in Lebanon
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Calvet, Martínez Elisenda. « Desapariciones forzadas y justicia transicional. La búsqueda de respuestas a través del derecho a la verdad, a la justicia y a la reparación ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/298170.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La desaparición forzada empieza generalmente con una detención o un secuestro o cualquier otra forma de privación de libertad, realizada por agentes del Estado o por personas con su autorización o aquiescencia, seguida de la negativa o el ocultamiento de la suerte o el paradero de la persona desaparecida. La incertidumbre sobre el paradero de la persona desaparecida y el miedo a que ésta haya sido sometida a torturas, tratos crueles e inhumanos, o incluso asesinada, causa mucha angustia y sufrimiento a los familiares, lo cual constituye un trato inhumano o degradante, y así lo han establecido las diferentes instancias internacionales de protección de derechos humanos.
Dada la relevancia jurídica y práctica del tema, se consideró sobradamente justificado el llevar a cabo una investigación con el objeto de analizar el fenómeno global de las desapariciones forzadas y la respuesta del derecho internacional mediante la adopción de tratados y mecanismos de protección de todas las personas contra las desapariciones forzadas.
A fin de delimitar este objeto, se estimó pertinente estudiar el tratamiento de las desapariciones forzadas en los procesos de justicia transicional, es decir, en los Estados que han vivido un conflicto armado o un régimen autoritario y que están en transición hacia un nuevo régimen basado en el Estado de derecho y el respeto de los derechos humanos. Para ello, se fijaron como principales objetivos específicos del proyecto de investigación los siguientes:
-El estudio del fenómeno de las desapariciones forzadas y la respuesta del derecho internacional desde el punto de vista del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, el derecho internacional humanitario y el derecho internacional penal;
-El análisis del concepto y los principales elementos de desaparición forzada a partir de la comparación de las definiciones de los diferentes instrumentos jurídicos internacionales, con especial referencia a la desaparición forzada de menores;
-El estudio de la desaparición forzada como un delito complejo que conlleva la violación múltiple de derechos humanos fundamentales;
-La determinación del alcance y contenido del derecho a saber de los familiares de las personas desaparecidas así como de la dimensión colectiva del derecho a la verdad;
-El análisis del derecho a la justicia y las salvaguardias contra la impunidad de las víctimas de desapariciones forzadas; y -El análisis del derecho de las víctimas de desapariciones forzadas a la reparación y sus distintas formas junto con las garantías de no repetición.
El análisis se plantea desde una perspectiva del Derecho Internacional Público, teniendo en cuenta en particular el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, el derecho internacional humanitario y el derecho internacional penal. Para ello, se tendrán en cuenta los principios y normas jurídicas internacionales, así como los procedimientos propios de creación y aplicación del Derecho internacional a la hora de aproximarse al objeto de estudio. Para la realización de la investigación se ha utilizado el método propio de la ciencia jurídica, no obstante, atendiendo a algunas de las implicaciones del análisis y objeto de estudio, se ha tenido en cuenta también una aproximación social e histórica y axiológica de las cuestiones planteadas.
En lo que respecta a la sistemática seguida para alcanzar el objeto predefinido, el trabajo de investigación se ha dividido en dos partes: una primera en la que se analiza el fenómeno global de las desapariciones forzadas y la respuesta del derecho internacional mediante la adopción de tratados y mecanismos de protección de todas las personas contra las desapariciones forzadas; y una segunda parte en la cual se estudia cómo a través de la justicia transicional pueden los familiares esclarecer la suerte o paradero de las personas desaparecidas, partiendo de la impunidad de la que suelen gozar los responsables de actos de desapariciones forzadas hasta llegar a la rendición de cuentas.
En la Parte I, el capítulo I se inicia con una referencia a dos de los antecedentes más significativos de la práctica de las desapariciones forzadas, por un lado, el Decreto Noche y Niebla, desarrollado por los nazis durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial como un método de guerra de brutalidad inusual y, por el otro, el fenómeno de las desapariciones forzadas que asoló América Latina durante las décadas de los setenta y ochenta en el marco de conflictos armados internos o situaciones de violencia interna y que en gran parte fue el detonante de la reacción de la comunidad internacional que, entre otras cosas, decidió crear el Grupo de Trabajo sobre Desapariciones Forzadas o Involuntarias de las Naciones Unidas en 1980. El capítulo II versa sobre la definición de desaparición forzada, en el cual se analizan los diferentes elementos que la componen, a saber, la privación de libertad, la participación del estado y la cuestión de los actores no estatales, y la sustracción de la persona a la protección de la ley como intención o consecuencia de la desaparición forzosa. Esta primera parte termina con el capítulo III que analiza la desaparición forzada como una violación compleja y múltiple de derechos humanos, en concreto el derecho a la libertad y seguridad personal, el derecho a la integridad personal, el derecho a la vida y el derecho a la personalidad jurídica.
La Parte II está estructurada en base al Conjunto de principios actualizado para la protección y la promoción de los derechos humanos mediante la lucha contra la impunidad adoptados por la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas en 2005, en donde se establecen las obligaciones de los Estados frente a graves violaciones de derechos humanos. El Capítulo IV está dedicado al derecho a la verdad, cuyo origen se encuentra en el derecho internacional humanitario y que se reconoce por primera vez en el ámbito internacional de los derechos humanos en la Convención Internacional de 2006. A continuación, el Capítulo V analiza el derecho a la justicia y las salvaguardias contra la impunidad, haciendo énfasis en la obligación de los Estados de juzgar a los autores de las desapariciones forzadas en base al principio “Aut dedere aut iudicare”.
Finalmente, el capítulo VI abordará el derecho a la reparación y garantías de no repetición de las víctimas, haciendo especial énfasis en las distintas formas de reparación que requieren los familiares de las personas desaparecidas y que incluyen la restitución, la indemnización, la rehabilitación y la satisfacción.
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Bilyachenko, Alexey. « La circulation internationale des situations juridiques ». Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROD001/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La présente thèse part d’une tendance de la jurisprudence européenne, destinée à influencer la jurisprudence nationale de droit international privé, et se trouve dans le prolongement d’un grand débat doctrinal d’actualité. Il s’agit de la méthode de reconnaissance des situations juridiques, qui suppose l’abandon de la règle de conflit de lois. L’objectif est de conceptualiser cette nouvelle méthode et d’en définir le domaine et les conditions de mise en œuvre. Vu les particularités du sujet, la recherche passe nécessairement par plusieurs thèmes fondamentaux du droit international privé mais aussi du droit européen, du droit privé général et de la théorie du droitInspired by a trend in the European case law, which is meant to affect the national ones, the dissertation takes part to a topical debate among European academics on the putting aside the choice-of-law rules. It is about application of so-called recognition method to the foreign legal situations that haven’t been enacted in court. The purpose is to conceptualise this new method and to determine its scope and its modalities. Given the particularity of the task, the study necessarily bears on several pivotal topics of private international law but also of European law, general private law and jurisprudence
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Hill, Roland Bryant. « Missing in America : homelessness during the Reagan revolution ». 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/10534.
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Ken, Kuang-Yi, et 耿廣義. « The Criminal Responsibility of the Necessary Assistance of Non Self-Help Persons Arising from International Law ». Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t662w5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋法律研究所
105
"Human rights" is focuses of modern international law, and its pursuit is a universal recognition of the value system, focusing on human life and dignity; and international law called human rights, refers to the right of all people Freedom, equality and respect for dignity to construct the fundamental rights of life itself. Among them, the "right of subsistence" is the most basic rights, which is a social right to human rights, in order to protect individuals in the social life to maintain a minimum level of living standards.There are many declarations in the Convention on human rights protection in the context of the basic human rights protection of this issue concerning universal values. What is the specific content of the conventions and manifestations? Especially after the two conventions have been approved by the President, its enforcement law has been passed and promulgated and enacted. It must be interpreted and examined as to the relevant legislation in our country. Can the future of China's law as a mirror? And whether it is possible to incorporate the relevant norms that have been universally accepted by the international community into my legal proceedings through the judgments of the judiciary before the amendment is carried out so that my domestic law can be brought into line with the universally recognized human rights trend? This paper hopes to summarize the academic and practical advice, at the same time with reference to foreign legislation, to further explore, expect to provide different ways of thinking to help solve the problem.At present the community often heard the news of the defendant but the defendant! So when their own rights and interests of others in the conflict, we can require everyone to uphold the concept of human rights to help hand? Do you have any legal responsibility if you do not lend a helping hand, or if you have a helping hand? And what responsibility does that bear?If only the moral concept of people, when their rights and other people's right to conflict, it is difficult to require people to human rights priority, so that can not fully achieve the purpose of safeguarding the rights and interests, so this issue is necessary to explore.The scope of this study is based on the principle of human rights, and from the framework of the right of subsistence of basic human dignity in the two conventions, from the relevant norms in international human rights law, the relevant norms of the country and the relevant laws and regulations of each country, The relevant international human rights law and the core values of the relevant international human rights law norms, as well as China's relevant legal system and its practice of the situation of the discussion, analysis, and at the same time collate the decision of the relevant court of the Court of Final Appeal , The academic point of view and the practical community of view, to analyze, to explore whether it is sufficient for our country to repair the law to be used as a mirror? Finally, I would like to make relevant suggestions for reference and practice.
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Moog, Sarah Alea. « Internally Displaced Persons in International Law and Policy - A Case Study Approach on the Darfur Crisis in Sudan ». Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311106.
Texte intégralRésumé :
More than 27 million people have been forced to leave their homes and have sought refuge in another part of their home country. Since they have not crossed an internationally recognized state border, they do not enjoy the same protection as refugees. The Westphalian principle of state sovereignty does not allow the international community to get involved and protect IDPs, as long as this intervention is not explicitly requested by the government. This paper defines internal displacement, shows its causes, and explores mechanisms to cope with the difficult situation of the internally displaced. A case study on the conflict in Darfur puts these issues into the real context of a complex humanitarian situation. The conflict in Darfur is an ethnic clash between the Arab supremacists in the Sudanese capital Khartoum and the African population in Darfur, which has existed since the 1980s and reached its climax in the past decade. The conflict has been the cause of one of the severest displacement tragedies considering the fact that the largest part of Sudan's more than five million IDPs are displaced in Darfur. The government has shown little interest in cooperating with the international community to assist civilians in Darfur, but is, on the contrary, generally suspected to be involved in the...
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Geldenhuys, Irma Cornell Haupt. « A critical understanding of the policing of trafficking in persons ». Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23126.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of conducting this research was to obtain a critical understanding of how the South African Police Service (SAPS), law enforcement (LE) and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) understand the concept, policing of Trafficking in Persons (TIP). The study indicates different role players in the policing of TIP. The researcher explored the present and possible future cooperation between SAPS and NGOs in the Cape Town area. The development of policing and legal aspects concerning TIP was explored globally.
Research indicates the necessity of a professional partnership approach between SAPS, LE and NGOs, in the policing of TIP. The researcher identified factors that inhibit the effectiveness of policing of TIP. These factors include among others the lack of training in the identification of TIP and lack of trust between role players. Recommendations to this effect and the implementation of the policing of TIP are made to all concerned, especially SAPS management.Police Practice
M. Tech. (Policing)
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Ratnasingham, Christine. « Australian quasi refugees and international refugee law : abetment or abdication ? » Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149981.
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LIU, LUNG-CHENG, et 劉容真. « A Study on Theoretical Basis for State's Human Rights Obligation towards Persons with Disabilities in the Context of International Human Rights Law ». Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18320778191684323246.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
104
In the system of international human rights, it has been recognized that States owe all persons within their territories, obligations to respect, protect and fulfill their human rights no differently. Persons who States owe obligations to shall include the beneficiary of the study, persons with disabilities (PWD). However, it was not until 2006 had the system of international human rights come up with an exclusive convention for such persons. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) was adopted in the 2006 and entered into force in 2008, since then, researchers and advocates of disability studies worldwide have expected to ground their claims on this latest human right instrument. With such high expectations, for rights covered and obligations imposed by the Convention to be implemented for real, it is however evitable to comb in details the sources and context of right in the system of international human rights, to establish a theoretical basis for State obligation to protect PWD, so as to make ascertain the standard of action of States as obligation-bearers. In fact, the normative features of this first international human rights treaty in 21st century are significant itself as it demonstrates a new pattern of affirmation of rights through posing rather concrete obligations towards States, as well as the lex specialis status of the CRPD enriches the content of system of international human rights. Long before the existence of the Convention, disability studies worldwide processed and developed based on the model-centric study methodology as promotion of treatment and wellbeing of persons with disabilities. Commentators argue and make believed that the Convention as a rather late international human right instrument, through focusing on social participation and diminishment of social discrimination, it is an international human rights convention that endorses social model. However, the study considers otherwise. The study argues the focus must be stressed on the nature of human right and the theoretical basis for obligation-bearers to protect persons with disabilities while anyone attempts to adhere to the Convention as a breakthrough point. The application of the core principles of international human rights law, id the principle of “dignity” and “equal realization of rights,” to the sphere of PWD. In this regard, the study considers the outcome of the Convention has brought up a new super-model-centric approach to the disability study, the “right-based” approach to better solve the issues of rights and interests of PWD which have been undervalued for a long time. The CRPD, as reaffirming the above two core principles, establishes the spirit of the Convention as “promotion of autonomy” of PWD, and puts forward the concept of “reasonable accommodation” in general obligation. The Study aim to solve issues which should come up alongside as States fulfilling obligations required by the Convention by applying the rules of interpretation of international human rights law, and through this process, the study manages to establish a human right theoretical basis for PWD to be protected. In chapter II, the right-based approach should be ascertain while open-ended definition of the beneficiary serve as one of the evidence. In chapter III, the study should examine the source and content of the concept of “reasonable accommodation” provided by the Convention through applying standard and interpretational rules of international human rights law. In chapter IV, should fulfillment of substantial right of education and work require differential treatment, the study manages, through analyzing the application of standard of equal protection, to process the “reasonable accommodation” justification for promotion of autonomy of PWD. In final chapter before conclusion, in reference to Taiwan practices, the study experimentally examine the applicability of the theoretical basis observed and attained through above process with the issues discussed.
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VIERUCCI, Luisa. « The international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the co-operation of states ». Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4814.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 2 June 1998Examining board: Prof. Antonio Cassese (supervisor) ; Prof. Philip Alston ; Prof. Peter Malanczuk ; Prof. Marina Spineda
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017