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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Minorities – Civil rights – Europe »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Minorities – Civil rights – Europe"

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Nowak, Manfred. « The Right of Self-Determination and Protection of Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe in light of the case-law of the Human Rights Committee ». International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 1, n^o 1 (1993) : 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181193x00077.

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AbstractThe right of self-determination and protection of minorities in Central and Eastern Europe is discussed in the light of the case law of the Human Rights Committee, which shows that many traditional minorities in Central and Eastern Europe are to be qualified as minorities within the meaning of article 27 of the UN Covenant. The author concludes that the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights still remains the only international treaty guaranteeing protection to minorities and providing measures of international supervision. He argues for a common and internationally binding European agreement providing adequate protection against minority rights violations, be it in the framework of the CSCE, Council of Europe or an enlarged European Communities.

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Habermas, Jürgen. « Religious Tolerance—The Pacemaker for Cultural Rights ». Philosophy 79, n^o 1 (janvier 2004) : 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819104000026.

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Religious toleration first became legally enshrined in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Religious toleration led to the practice of more general inter-subjective recognition of members of democratic states which took precedence over differences of conviction and practice. After considering the extent to which a democracy may defend itself against the enemies of democracy and to which it should be prepared to tolerate civil disobedience, the article analyses the contemporary dialectic between the notion of civil inclusion and multiculturalism. Religious toleration is seen as the pacemaker for modern multiculturalism, in which the claims of minorities to civic inclusion are recognized so long as members of all groups understand themselves to be citizens of one and the same political community.

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Barth, William. « Minority Rights, Multiculturalism and the Roma of Europe ». Nordic Journal of International Law 76, n^o 4 (2007) : 363–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/090273507x249200.

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AbstractIn this article, I review legal initiativaes to improve conditions for the Roma peoples who live in the states of Europe. The question is timely given the accession of Romania and Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007. Romania contains the largest concentration of the Roma population in Europe. My article uncovers a schism between political theory and international law on the question of minority rights. I distinguish how the conclusions of Will Kymlicka, one of the most prolific writers on the subject of multiculturalism in political theory, differ from the international jurisprudence that protects minority groups. In this essay, I analyse Kymlicka's claim that multicultural policies are contextually dependent, and an inappropriate subject for a common legal regime of international human rights treaties. To determine the implications of human rights jurisprudence for this normative claim, I also research court cases filed by the Roma under the European Framework Convention for the Protection of Minorities and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. I contrast the international treaties that protect minority groups from political theorist accounts of multiculturalism in three areas. First, my article discusses jurisdictional issues concerning whether the particular groups defined by minority rights, irrespective of their geographical location or contextual experience, are proper subjects for protection by a common rights regime. Next, I illustrate how cultural rights are distinguishable from traditional civil rights laws. Finally, I examine how the historic persecution of the Roma violates human rights standards that protect minorities. The Roma have a long and unique relationship with the European states, which serves to demonstrate whether or not a common regime of minority rights safeguards the cultural development of the Roma.

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Long, Doug. « Minority Rights ». Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, n^o 3 (septembre 2007) : 776–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423907070886.

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Minority Rights, Jennifer Jackson Preece, Cambridge (UK) and Malden MA: Polity Press, 2005, pp. ix, 213.This book is not, as its title might be thought to suggest, an abstract conceptual analysis of a particular sub-set of rights. Although it builds on, and acknowledges, the work of Kymlicka, Raz, Taylor and Shklar (160), the narrative thread that gives it unity is historical. It deepens our understanding of the nature of the discourse of minority rights by contextualizing that discourse both temporally (through historical examples) and spatially (through adroitly selected comparative examples). With extraordinary succinctness and clarity the author guides us through a succession of political epochs: the time of the Christian and Islamic medieval universitae, the period of the dynastic re-organization of Europe, the modern era of popular sovereignty with its attendant notions of civic and ethnic nationalism, and especially the contradiction-laden time of European imperialism and its post-imperial and post-colonial reverberations. As this narrative unfolds we follow the vicissitudes of religious, racial, linguistic and ethnic minorities and observe the successive forms taken by the “problem of minorities.”

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Phillips, Alan. « The Fall of the Iron Curtain and Its Significance for the Establishment of Minority Rights Regimes in Eastern Europe ». European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 13, n^o 1 (22 mai 2016) : 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117_01301002.

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This article examines the development of minority rights regimes in Europe following the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. It shows how the foundations for democracy were reinforced by the Helsinki Final Act in 1975 and the opportunities it created for dialogue. The major concerns of many states to prevent irredentism and violent inter-ethnic conflicts provided the opportunity to adopt international standards on the protection and promotion of minority rights. Civil society, including members of minorities, were in the vanguard, as they promoted democratic change in 1989 and played a leading role in influencing minority rights standards and their implementation. The Conclusions of the 1990 csce Copenhagen Human Dimension influenced the undm, formed the backbone of the fcnm, and became an invaluable set of standards used by the hcnm for conflict prevention. Twenty-five years later, it is evident the fall of the Iron Curtain was highly significant for minority rights regimes throughout Europe.

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Rikhof, Joseph. « Exclusion Law and International Law : Sui Generis or Overlap ? » International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, n^o 2 (2013) : 199–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02002004.

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There exists a strong synergy between the regulation at the international level of minority rights, asylum and criminal prosecutions of violations of human rights. The aspirations of minorities as a human right are recognised in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights while the violation of such a right can confer on a victim the status of refugee in a third country. As well, persons who are responsible for causing very serious disruptions to the rights of minorities and other groups can be brought to justice for the commission of genocide and crimes against humanity, particularly persecution. While in general there has been a clear distinction between the granting of asylum or refugee status to victims of persecution one hand and the prosecution of perpetrators of persecution on the other, these two notions have been brought together into the concept of exclusion in order to address the phenomenon of persons with a criminal background being part of the refugee stream arriving in a third country. Exclusion is an essential part of refugee law to ensure that persons who have committed criminal acts will not benefit from the benefits set out in the Refugee Convention. This article will discuss the parameters of exclusion as determined by the jurisprudence in six countries in North America and Europe where this issue has been at the forefront in the last decade.

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Medda-Windischer, Roberta. « New Minorities, Old Instruments ? A Common but Differentiated System of Minority Protection ». International Community Law Review 13, n^o 4 (2011) : 361–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187197311x599441.

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AbstractQuestions concerning whether and how the rights of minorities should be recognised in politics, and how to maintain and strengthen the bonds of community in ethnically diverse societies are among the most salient and vexing on the political agenda of many societies. All policies that seek to reconcile social cohesion, unity and diversity are confronted with a veritable mine-field of dilemmas. Whatever policy options, or mixes of policy options, one wants to choose, one has to face hard trade-offs and serious policy-problems that have been addressed, though in different ways, by moral and political philosophers, political theorists, social scientists, lawyers and by politicians and civil servants. The present paper contends that it is possible to address these issues by bridging two fields of research: minorities and migration. Studying the interaction and complementarities between old and new minority groups is a rather new task because so far these topics have been studied in isolation from each other. It is also an important task for future research in Europe where many states have established systems of old minority rights, but have not yet developed sound policies for the integration of new minority groups originating from migration.

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Metaj-Stojanova, Albana. « Religious Freedoms In Republic Of Macedonia ». SEEU Review 11, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2015) : 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/seeur-2015-0019.

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Abstract With the independence of Republic of Macedonia and the adoption of the Constitution of Macedonia, the country went through a substantial socio-political transition. The concept of human rights and freedoms, such as religious freedoms in the Macedonian Constitution is based on liberal democratic values. The Macedonian Constitution connects the fundamental human rights and freedoms with the concept of the individual and citizen, but also with the collective rights of ethnic minorities, respecting the international standards and responsibilities taken under numerous international human rights conventions and treaties, of which the country is a party. Republic of Macedonia has ratified all the so called “core human right treaties” and now the real challenge lies in the implementation of the international standards. Some of these international conventions and treaties of the United Nations and of the Council of Europe are inherited by succession from the former Yugoslavian federation. Religious freedoms are guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of human rights (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the European Convention on Human Rights (1953), the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief (1981) (all documents ratified by the Republic of Macedonia). According to the Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia “The freedom of religious confession is guaranteed. The right to express one's faith freely and publicly, individually or with others, is guaranteed„. After the conflict of 2001 the Ohrid Framework Agreement secured group rights for ethnicities that are not in majority in the Republic of Macedonia. The present Law on the legal status of the church, religious communities and religious groups of 2007, repealed the Law on religion and religious groups of 1997.

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Przedańska, Justyna. « The faces of freedom in the concepts of a liberal and non-liberal state ». Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 43, n^o 1 (17 novembre 2021) : 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.43.1.10.

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The last decade has exposed the recession of freedom throughout the world. It arises from the latest Freedom in the World 2020 report that civil liberties and political rights have deteriorated in 64 countries, while only 37 have seen a slight improvement in these areas. The principles of liberal democracy (the rule of law, free elections, minority rights and freedom of expression) in Europe, historically the best-performing region in terms of freedom in the world, have come under serious pressure in recent years. In the article, starting from an analysis of the categories of freedom presented in many aspects, followed by a discussion of the assumptions and concepts of liberalism, as well as the political project referred to as non-liberal democracy, which has grown out of their criticism, the author identiﬁes the problem of instrumentalization and relativization of freedom, which leads to the restriction of freedom of speech, freedom of minorities, religious freedom and sexual freedom, replacing the individual freedoms of the citizens with the so-called collective freedom.

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Gabor, Francis. « Reflections on NATO's New Mission : Conflict Prevention in the Struggles for Ethnic Self-Determination ». Review of Central and East European Law 29, n^o 2 (2004) : 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157303504774062439.

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AbstractDuring the Cold War, both NATO's role and purpose were clearly defined by the existence of the threat posed by the Soviet Union. The traditional confrontation between the NATO and the Warsaw Pact military organizations effectively has ceased to exist. The dissolution of the Warsaw Pact—combined with the emerging constitutional democracies in Central and Eastern Europe and the transformation of the Russian Federation—has essentially assured that the future threat of a confrontation between the major armies on the European continent is highly unlikely. However, it soon became obvious that several non-traditional, and quite unexpected, risks would give NATO a new mission and new challenges. One of the greatest challenges for post-Cold War Eastern Europe lies in the unresolved questions of ethnic self-determination. The unprecedented human tragedy of two world wars failed to resolve these questions. The concept of ethnic self-determination has been the central theme of the conflicts in the Yugoslav civil wars. NATO played a significant, if not central, role in the final resolution of the Yugoslav civil wars, particularly in the case of Kosovo. The Kosovo experience creates a real challenge for NATO and international legal scholars to create a more precisely defined body of international law to protect ethnic minorities and to build an effective institutional framework for the observation and implementation of so-called minority rights. which would have prevented the tragedy of the Yugoslavian civil war and can prevent future conflicts.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Minorities – Civil rights – Europe"

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Malloy, Tove. « The 'politics of accommodation' in the Council of Europe after 1989 : national minorities and democratization ». Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369369.

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VERSTICHEL, Annelies. « Representation and identity : the right of persons belonging to minorities to effective participation in public affairs : content, justification and limits ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13178.

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Defence date: 13 December 2007
Examining Board: Prof. Bruno De Witte (EUI); Prof. Paul Lemmens, (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven); Prof. John Packer, (University of Essex); Prof. Wojciech Sadurski, (EUI)
Awarded the Mauro Cappelletti Prize for the best comparative law doctoral thesis, 2008.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This doctoral thesis aims at investigating this new international right of persons belonging to minorities to effective participation in public affairs. What is its content? What is its justification and what is it aiming at? Are there any limits to its implementation and what kind of problematic issues are involved? The example of Bosnia and Herzegovina as described above illustrates that organising representation along ethnic lines raises challenging questions. These will be explored in this PhD.Our investigation of the right of minorities to effective participation in public affairs will run through five chapters: Chapter 1 will outline the theoretical framework; Chapter 2 will examine the political rights in the general human rights instruments; Chapter 3 will study the provision on effective participation in public affairs in the three key minority rights instruments of the 1990’s; Chapter 4 will look at the range of possible domestic mechanisms implementing the right of minorities to effective participation in public affairs through a comparative national law approach; and Chapter 5 will illustrate Chapter 4 by zooming in on three case studies, namely Belgium, Italy and Hungary.

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Soykan, Taskin Tankut. « The implications of the Copenhagen political criteria on the language rights of the Kurds in Turkey / ». Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81236.

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In recent years, the attention is being increasingly drawn to the role of the European Union on the development of minority rights in the candidate countries. The adoption of the Copenhagen political criteria, which also require "respect for and protection of minorities," as preconditions that applicants must have met before they could join the Union has inevitably led to some policy changes to the minorities in Eastern Europe. This policy shift is particularly directed at minority language rights, because one of the most important aspects of the protection of minorities is the recognition of their linguistic identity. The aim of this study is to explore to what extent this development has influenced the situation of language rights of the Kurds in Turkey. In order to answer this question, it first examines the relationship between the Copenhagen criteria and international and European standards protecting minority language rights. Secondly, considering those standards, it assesses the achievements and failures of the recent legislative amendments which are directed to bring the language rights of the Kurds within the line of the Copenhagen criteria. The case of Turkey reveals the vast potential of the European enlargement process on the development of minority language rights, but also its limits in situations where there is a lack of political will to respect and protect diversity.

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Fernández, Salas José Carlos. « Rights in rem in Europe ». THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108245.

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The study of rights in rem from an internal perspective of our national legal system is notan easy task. For that purpose, a comparativestudy of the international juridical systems canserve as both a solution and an instrument tobring forward new and innovative knowledge related to those rights.The author perceives that fundamental to notice the importance that the international character of rights in rem has acquired through time. He does, therefore, a comparative study between different rights in rem regimes in countries such as France, Germany and England. These countries are all part of the European Union, with whom Peru has signed a Free Trade Agreement.
El estudio de los derechos reales desde una perspectiva interna del ordenamiento peruano es una labor complicada. Por ello, un análisis de los distintos sistemas jurídicos internacionales podría tanto facilitar esta labor cuanto aportar conocimientos innovadores sobre el tema.Para el autor, será fundamental notar la importancia que ha ido ganando el carácter internacional de los derechos reales. Por ello, realiza un estudio comparativo entre distintos regímenes de derechos reales en países tales como Francia, Alemania e Inglaterra. Estos pertenecen a la Unión Europea, con la cual el Perú ha suscrito un Tratado de Libre Comercio.

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PALACIN, MARISCAL Ihintza. « Sociolegal perspectives of linguistic minorities in Europe : the Basque language, education and media ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74273.

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Defence date: 25 February 2022
Examining Board: Prof. Bruno de Witte (EUI and Maastricht University); Prof. Gábor Halmai (EUI); Prof. Joxerramon Bengoetxea (University of the Basque Country); Prof. Xabier Arzoz (UNED Madrid)
This dissertation addresses the legal framework and social embedding of the Basque language. As a minority language located between two European states (France and Spain) with different approach towards minority languages, the task of understanding the legal framework of the Basque language and its relationship with the community of speakers is challenging. In fact, this legal framework results in a vast array of legal rules for Basque speakers. This research examines the fundamental and linguistic rights of these minority language speakers (norm users), from international and European legal frameworks to national or regional ones. It carries out a comparative analysis between France and Spain, and between the three Basque regions to examine the legal framework. This doctrinal analysis is complemented by the study of key actors participating in the context and implementation of the legal norms regulating the Basque language. An emphasis is placed on the analysis of the relationship between the legal framework of the Basque language and the Basque society, applying a sociolegal methodology. By focusing on the examples of education and media, this thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between law and context in the case of the Basque language. It displays the tension and collaboration between norm givers and norm users in the case of a minority language. Studying the examples of education and media exposes the difficulties that Basque speakers face, as well as their commitment to the survival of their language. At the same time, progressive legal frameworks for Basque have enabled the creation of linguistic policies favouring the recovery and development of this language, where active collaboration between the three Basque regions is increasing. Ultimately, this research showcases a contextualised understanding of the legal framework of the Basque language, telling the story of this minority language in law.

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Weiß, Norman. « „Democracy, Minorities and Human Rights Education in Europe, Workshop im Rahmen des von der Volkswagen Stiftung geförderten Forschungsprojekts „Teaching Human Rights in Europe" <2004, Berlin> ; / [Tagungsbericht] ». Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5587/.

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Tagungsbericht: Weiß, Norman: „Democracy, Minorities and Human Rights Education in Europe" <2004, Berlin> / Workshop im Rahmen des von der Volkswagen Stiftung geförderten Forschungsprojekts „Teaching Human Rights in Europe" am 5. und 6. März 2004.

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McKay, Floyd J. « With liberty for some : Oregon editors and the challenge of civil liberties, 1942-55 / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6146.

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Berry, Stephanie Eleanor. « The added-value of minority rights protection for Muslims in Western Europe : multiculturalist approaches and international law ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13871.

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Against the backdrop that multiculturalism has failed in Western Europe, this thesis argues that minority rights standards should be applied to Western European Muslims. Western European States have consistently excluded Muslims from minority rights protection under international law on the basis that they constitute 'new minorities'. However, this thesis asserts that the justifications given by States for the exclusion of Western European Muslims from minority rights protection no longer hold true and have the potential to undermine the object and purpose of the minority rights regime – security and justice. Furthermore, by considering the content of both generally applicable human rights standards and minority rights standards in the light of the situation and specific claims made by Muslim minorities in Western Europe, in relation to the preservation of their identity, this thesis proves that there is an added-value to minority rights protection for these communities. Minority rights standards and multiculturalist policies adopt a similar approach to the accommodation of societal diversity. Thus, given the exclusion of Western European Muslims from the additional protection offered by minority rights standards, this thesis submits that multiculturalist approaches to the accommodation of European Muslims have not failed; insufficient measures have been adopted to ensure their success. If a multiculturalist approach to the accommodation of diversity is to be pursued in Western Europe, States must allow Muslim minorities to benefit from the protection available under minority rights standards.

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FARKAS, Lilla. « Mobilising for racial equality in Europe : Roma rights and transnational justice ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/66916.

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Defence date: 20 April 2020 (Online)
Examining Board: Professor Claire Kilpatrick (EUI), Professor Bruno de Witte (EUI), Professor Colm O'Cinnedie (University College London), Professor Scott L. Cummings (University of California Los Angeles)
The thesis provides a transnational account of Roma rights activism over the last thirty years with a focus on five Central and Eastern European countries, where the majority of the European Union’s Roma live. It contributes to scholarly debate by (i) mapping ethnic/racial justice related legal opportunities; (ii) taking stock of legally focused non-governmental organisations; (iii) charting legal mobilisation in courts and enforcement agencies; (iv) presenting an alternative account of the transplantation of public interest litigation, and (v) ‘mapping the middle’ between dominant and critical narratives about the Open Society Foundations and white Europeans in the Roma rights field. Finding that international advocacy and litigation alone have been insufficient to generate social change, the thesis highlights the salience of indigenous practices. It points to the shortcomings of the elitist conception of legal mobilisation characterised by top-down, planned legal action and a focus of international NGOs. The thesis proposes to shift the limelight to the financial resources of strategic litigation, to a broad conception of collective legal action, and the necessity of investigating the role private individuals, NGOs, as well as public agencies play in promoting racial equality in general and Roma rights in particular in a transnational field. By scrutinising the ethno-political critique of Roma rights activism and pointing to its conflation with the critique of litigation - that resonates on both sides of the Atlantic - the thesis navigates between liberal internationalism and ethno-nationalism by acknowledging and celebrating organic cross-border cooperation, in other words “good transnationalism.”

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Cruickshank, Neil A. « Power, civil society and contentious politics in post communist Europe ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/559.

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This dissertation examines how contentious collective action in two post communist states, Poland and the Czech Republic, has broadened to include European and international actors. It identifies the emergence of new opportunities for contention brought about by recent episodes of institutional change, specifically EU accession, and questions how they benefit materially or politically weak NGOs. With the intention of determining how three interrelated processes, democratization, Europeanization and internationalization, affect the nature and scope of contentious politics, this dissertation carries out an investigation of several concrete episodes of political mobilization and contention. As shown these 'contentious events' involved a myriad of national, European and international actors, mobilizing to challenge national policy. Data from NGO questionnaires, interviews and newswire/newspaper archives are used to discern the nature and scope of contentious collective action. This dissertation assesses the extent to which transnationalization of advocacy politics has disrupted existing power arrangements at the national level between NGOs and government. Hypothesizing that European Union accession in 2004 changed the nature and scope of contentious collective action in post communist Europe, this dissertation undertakes a comparative empirical examination of three sectors, environment, women and Roma, and twenty-nine representative NGOs. My research identifies three important developments in the Polish and Czech nonprofit sector: first, European advocacy networks and institutions are helping national NGOs overcome power disparities at the national level; second, issues once confined to national political space have acquired a European dimension, and; third, despite Europeanization, a few notable policy issues (i.e. reproductive rights, nuclear energy and domestic violence) remain firmly under national jurisdiction. This dissertation contributes to existing collective action/post communist scholarship in three ways. It applies established theories of contention/collective action to several recent episodes of political mobilization; it confirms that post accession institutional change does offer new political opportunity structures to national NGOs, and finally; it presents new empirical research on post communist collective action.

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Livres sur le sujet "Minorities – Civil rights – Europe"

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Peter, Cumper, et Wheatley Steven Charles 1952-, dir. Minority rights in the 'new' Europe. The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1999.

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Snežana, Trifunovska, et Varennes Fernand de, dir. Minority rights in Europe : European minorities and languages. Hague, Netherlands : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2001.

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1970-, Rechel Bernd, dir. Minority rights in Central and Eastern Europe. New York, NY : Routledge, 2009.

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1970-, Rechel Bernd, dir. Minority rights in Central and Eastern Europe. New York, NY : Routledge, 2009.

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Linda, Hancock, et O'Brien Carolyn 1957-, dir. Rewriting rights in Europe. Aldershot, Hants, England : Ashgate, 2000.

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Migration, minorities and citizenship. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Group, Minority Rights, dir. Minorities and autonomy in Western Europe. London : The Group, 1991.

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Diskriminierung : Grundlagen und Forschungsergebnisse. Wiesbaden : VS Verlag fu r Sozialwissenschaften in GWV Fachverlage GmbH, 2010.

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Gál, Kinga. Protection of national minorities and stability in Central and Eastern Europe. Berlin : Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, 1996.

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Minority Rights Group International. Protection of minority rights in Europe : Policy recommendations : based on case studies of Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union. [The Hague, Netherlands] : The Committee, 1996.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Minorities – Civil rights – Europe"

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Prehn, Ulrich. « “Volksgruppen Rights” versus “Minorities Protections” ». Dans A New Nationalist Europe Under Hitler, 27–42. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series : Routledge studies in Second World War history : Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315114446-2.

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Marat, Uraimov. « China’s Emerging Political and Economic Dominance in the OSCE Region ». Dans Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West, 95–116. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9_5.

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AbstractThe presence of China in the OSCE region is becoming resilient, particularly after Beijing began providing infrastructural loans to OSCE states. The size of the issued infrastructural loans in less developed economies is disproportionate to national economies, resulting in the borrowing countries becoming incapable of paying back the loans. In this chapter, I argue that China’s practices of infrastructural loans and China’s overall standing on minority issues and democratization contradicts the OSCE core principles and undermines OSCE integrity. To illustrate this, I use, first, the example of the promotion of non-democratic practices through non-transparent procurement, surveillance of civilians, and supply of police hardware for suppression and control of political dissidents (based on evidence from Eastern and Central Europe, and Central Asia) and, for the second example, I illustrate the violation of minority rights in re-education camps in the Xinjiang region (based on political and civic reaction from Central Asia), which Chinese authorities call “Vocational Education and Training Centers.” The first example helps to analyze how Chinese foreign loans contradict the democratic commitments of the borrowing countries. Chinese infrastructural loans promote non-democratic practices in borrowing countries through unfair, non-transparent procurement in infrastructural development projects. The Chinese side also provides surveillance systems and anti-protest police vehicles and ammunition which help to undermine individual rights and freedoms. The second example helps to analyze the reaction of Central Asian Muslim countries toward China’s treatment of kin-groups, namely the lack of critical reaction of CA states despite their OSCE-membership and commitment toward promotion of individual rights and freedoms (including freedom of faith). China has been providing infrastructural loans to most OSCE member states over the past two decades; and these member states have not officially responded to Chinese treatment of their own kin-groups, such as Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uyghur minorities—according to the OSCE core principles on minority rights. The OSCE core principles are categorized under the “human dimension” to ensure OSCE states’ “respect for individual rights and fundamental freedoms” and their commitment to “abide by the rule of law; promote principles of democracy; strengthen and protect democratic institutions” Yamamoto (2015). Most likely if there were no infrastructural loans from China, the OSCE countries under analysis would respond to Chinese domestic policy toward ethnic minorities critically. Most likely, by providing surveillance and police machinery, China tends to support the existing political regimes in borrowing countries and, by its non-transparent procurement, it does not encourage enforcement of laws.

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de Varennes, Fernand. « The Linguistic Rights of Minorities in Europe ». Dans Minority Rights in Europe European Minorities and Languages, 3–30. The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-655-8_1.

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Poggeschi, Giovanni. « Linguistic Rights in Spain ». Dans Minority Rights in Europe European Minorities and Languages, 85–101. The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-655-8_6.

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Roter, Petra. « Voting rights of minorities and the role of ethnicity in elections in the post-Yugoslav space ». Dans Electoral Rights in Europe, 69–91. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series : Routledge studies in elections, democracy and autocracy ; 2 : Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315470498-5.

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Kymlicka, Will. « The Evolving Basis of European Norms of Minority Rights : Rights to Culture, Participation and Autonomy ». Dans The Protection of Minorities in the Wider Europe, 11–41. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582293_2.

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Alfredsson, Gudmundur. « Minority Rights and Peace : Available Standards, Procedures and Institutions ». Dans Minorities in Europe Croatia, Estonia and Slovakia, 3–17. The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-537-7_1.

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Thompson, Cecilia. « The Protection of Minorities Within the United Nations ». Dans Minority Rights in Europe European Minorities and Languages, 115–37. The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-655-8_8.

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Heintze, Hans-Joachim. « Collective Rights in the Context of EU Accession ». Dans The Protection of Minorities in the Wider Europe, 42–53. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582293_3.

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Love, Erik. « Civil Liberties or Civil Rights ? Muslim American Advocacy Organizations ». Dans Islamic Organizations in Europe and the USA, 37–53. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137305589_3.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Minorities – Civil rights – Europe"

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Cicoria, Massimiliano. « Legal Subjectivity and Absolute Rights of Nature ». Dans The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.06.

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The anthropocentric approach that characterizes all human knowledge has led to a distortion of the relationship with Nature and a view of it as a mere object of law. This approach, presumably originating with Socrates, had solid support in Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy, and finally, in Catholic patristics, hinging on all disciplines starting from philosophy, psychology, economics, up to law. Dwelling on the latter, examples of legislation that qualify Nature as an object of law are, increasingly over time, the Forest Charter of 1217, the Italian Law No. 1766 of 1927 on civic uses, and furthermore – Art. 812 of the Italian Civil Code, and finally – the cd. Consolidated Environmental Law. This view is, however, changing in some states such as Bolivia, New Zealand, India, Ecuador, Uganda, – the states that through either legislative acts or rulings of supreme courts have begun the process of granting both to Mother Earth in general, and rivers in particular, the status of juridical persons which are endowed with series of very personal rights, which are recognized. This is not the case in Europe, where the relevant legislation continues to consider Nature (or, better, the Environment) as an object of law, therefore as a “thing” from which to draw, albeit within certain limits, utilities of all kinds. By analysing legal instruments potentially useful for a Copernican revolution on this point – in particular, the Kelsenian concept of “legal person”, the meaning of “company” and the European provisions on Artificial Intelligence – the first conclusion is reached: in a relationship that is not only theoretical, but also practical and utilitarian, it would be opportune to start considering, also through acknowledgments in constitutional sources, the Nature as a subject and no longer an object of rights. In this regard, following the general theories of people’s rights, it could be granted certain absolute rights, of which the right to water, restoration and biodiversity are examined in the current article. Hence, we come to the second conclusion, namely, the contrasts that, in Western law, such an approach could suffer, analysing in particular the problems of neo-naturalism and representation.

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Simachkova, Natalya N., Oksana S. Trotsenko et Svetlana N. Burlaka. « On the Problem of Realizing the Rights of Landholders in the Civil Law of the Continental Europe Countries (On the Example of France and Germany) ». Dans Proceedings of the First International Volga Region Conference on Economics, Humanities and Sports (FICEHS 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200114.114.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Minorities – Civil rights – Europe"

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Milican, Juliet. Mapping Best Practice Guidelines in working with Civil Society Organisations. Institute of Development Studies, avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.092.

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This report sets out to map the different guidance documents available on how to work most effectively with civil society in the delivery of international aid in ways that deepen democracy and advance the rights of marginalised or excluded groups. It includes a review of guidelines published by other key international development funders and implementors written for their own teams, an overview of guidance provided for DAC members within OECD countries and policy papers on cooperation between the state and CSOs. It looks primarily at documents produced in the last ten years, between 2011 and 2021 and includes those related to cooperation on specific issues (such as drugs policy or human rights, as well as those that deal with specific countries or regions (such as Europe or the MENA region). The majority of documents identified are written by government aid departments (eg USAID, Norad) but there are one or two produced by umbrella civil society organisations (such as Bond) or international legal think tanks (such as ICNL, the International Centre for Not for Profit Law). There was a remarkable consistency between the issues Millican addressed in the different documents although their size and length varied between outline guidance on 2 – 3 pages and a comprehensive (62 page) overview that included definitions of civil society, range of organisations, reasons for collaborating, mechanisms for financing, monitoring and ensuring accountability and challenges in and guidance on the ways in which donors might work with CSOs.

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Lucas, Brian. Lessons Learned about Political Inclusion of Refugees. Institute of Development Studies, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.114.

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Most refugees and other migrants have limited opportunities to participate in politics to inform and influence the policies that affect them daily; they have limited voting rights and generally lack effective alternative forms of representation such as consultative bodies (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33). Political participation is ‘absent (or almost absent) from integration strategies’ in Eastern European countries, while refugees and other migrants in Western Europe do enjoy significant local voting rights, stronger consultative bodies, more funding for immigrant organisations and greater support from mainstream organisations (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33).This rapid review seeks to find out what lessons have been learned about political inclusion of refugees, particularly in European countries.In general, there appears to be limited evidence about the effectiveness of attempts to support the political participation of migrants/refugees. ‘The engagement of refugees and asylum-seekers in the political activities of their host countries is highly understudied’ (Jacobi, 2021, p. 3) and ‘the effects that integration policies have on immigrants’ representation remains an under-explored field’ (Petrarca, 2015, p. 9). The evidence that is available often comes from sources that cover the entire population or ethnic minorities without specifically targeting refugees or migrants, are biased towards samples of immigrants who are long-established in the host country and may not be representative of immigrant populations, or focus only on voting behaviour and neglect other forms of political participation (Bilodeau, 2016, pp. 30–31). Statistical data on refugees and integration policy areas and indicators is often weak or absent (Hopkins, 2013, pp. 9, 28–32, 60). Data may not distinguish clearly among refugees and other types of migrants by immigration status, origin country, or length of stay in the host country; may not allow correlating data collected during different time periods with policies in place during those periods and preceding periods; and may fail to collect a range of relevant migrant-specific social and demographic characteristics (Bilgili et al., 2015, pp. 22–23; Hopkins, 2013, p. 28).

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