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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Miniemulsione »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 9 mars 2023
Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Miniemulsione"

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Nazarabady, Maryam Mohammadpour, and Gholam Ali Farzi. "Morphology control of silica/poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) hybrid nanoparticles via multiple-miniemulsion approach." e-Polymers 16, no. 2 (2016): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2015-0205.

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AbstractAn appropriate approach has been used for the preparation of silica/P(MMA-co-St) hybrid nanoparticles through converting previously prepared inverse miniemulsions into a direct miniemulsion and consequently, using the droplet nucleation polymerization technique. In the early stage of the procedure, silica particles were synthesized from TEOS in the presence of NH4OH or HCl as a catalyst through a base or acid-catalyzed sol-gel process. TEOS, ethanol and tirmethoxyvinylsilan were mixed in MMA:St (50:50) to create the inverse miniemulsion I, similarly CTAB, NH4OH/HCl and distilled water were dispersed into MMA:St (50:50) and called inverse miniemulsion II. Then, the two mentioned inverse miniemulsions were emulsified in water to achieve direct miniemulsion. The nature of the catalyst and TEOS concentration varied, for the aims of investigation, their effect on the morphology and size of hybrid nanoparticles. This route provided a unique process for silica/polymer hybrid nanoparticles production, avoiding organic solvents. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs revealed that, the morphology of the hybrid nanoparticles can be controlled by the nature of the catalyst.
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Ting, S. R. Simon, Eun Hee Min, and Per B. Zetterlund. "Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization in Miniemulsion Based on In Situ Surfactant Generation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 8 (2011): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11123.

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Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene has been implemented in aqueous miniemulsion based on the in situ surfactant generation approach using oleic acid and potassium hydroxide in the absence of high energy mixing. The best results were obtained using the RAFT agent 3-benzylsulfanyl thiocarbonyl sufanylpropionic acid (BSPAC), most likely as a result of the presence of a carboxylic acid functionality in the RAFT agent that renders it surface active and thus imparts increased colloidal stability. Stable final miniemulsions were obtained with no coagulum with particle diameters less than 200 nm. The results demonstrate that the RAFT miniemulsion polymerization of styrene employing the low energy in situ surfactant method is challenging, but that a system that proceeds predominantly by a miniemulsion mechanism can be achieved under carefully selected conditions.
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Capek, I. "On the inverse miniemulsion copolymerization and terpolymerization of acrylamide, N, N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) and methacrylic acid." Open Chemistry 1, no. 3 (2003): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02476230.

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AbstractThe kinetics of free-radical copolymerization and terpolymerization of acrylamide (AAm), N, N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA) and methacrylic acid (MA) in the inverse water/monomer/cyclohexane/Tween 85 miniemulsion was investigated. Polymerizable sterically-stable miniemulsions were formulated in cyclohexane as a continuous medium. Polymerizations are very fast and reach the final conversion within several minutes. The dependence of the polymerization rate vs. conversion is described by a curve with two nonstationary rate intervals. The maximum rate of polymerization slightly increases with increasing concentration of crosslinking monomer (MBA) and strongly decreases by the addition of MA. The rate of polymerization is inversely proportional to the 0.9th and 1.8th power of the particle concentration without and with MA, respectively. The number of polymer particles is inversely proportional to the 0.18th and 0.13th power of MBA concentration. The kinetic and colloidal parameters of the miniemulsion polymerization are discussed in terms of microemulsion polymerization model.
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Li, Hong Qiang, Xue Jun Lai, Jian Hua Guo, and Xing Rong Zeng. "Preparation and Characterization of Polymerized Rosin/Polyacrylates Composite Miniemulsions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.251.

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Polymerized rosin/polyacrylate composite miniemulsions were prepared by in-situ semi-continuous miniemulsion polymerization method with polymerized rosin as tackifying resin. The effect of polymerized rosin amount on the monomer conversion rate, the water absorption rate, adhesion properties including initial force, 180opeel strength and shear resistance of the composite latex films were studied, and the structure was also characterized by FTIR and DSC. The results showed that polymerized rosin played the role of inhibition and chain transfer agent in the polymerization process. Polymerized rosin was compatible well with polyacrylate. With the introduction of polymerized rosin, the water absorption rate and heat resistance of the composite latex films were not decreased. When polymerized rosin amount was 3%, the initial force, 180opeel strength and shear resistance of the composite latex films were 13 #, 200 N/m and 21 h, respectively.
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Elbing, E., AG Parts, CJ Lyons, BAW Coller, and IR Wilson. "Miniemulsions of Vinyl Stearate. II. Light-Scattering Studies During the Polymerization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 12 (1989): 2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9892085.

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The course of the polymerization of vinyl stearate has been followed by dilatometry and by light scattering. Kinetically stable and visually clear or at most opalescent 'miniemulsions' were used to minimize the scattering (otherwise large) by emulsion droplets. Light-scattering results demonstrate that the final particle size of the latexes may be greater or less than that of the emulsion droplets in the starting miniemulsion. This suggests that polymer particles are nucleated from the aqueous (micelle-containing) phase, and grow by transport of vinyl stearate monomer through the aqueous medium from the emulsion droplets to feed polymerization in the particles. Thus the droplets gradually decrease in size and disappear when all the monomer has been taken up by absorption into micelles or into growing particles. A previously proposed droplet-particle collision theory does not appear to be necessary.
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Medeiros, Anderson M. S., Elodie Bourgeat-Lami, and Timothy F. L. McKenna. "Styrene-Butadiene Rubber by Miniemulsion Polymerization Using In Situ Generated Surfactant." Polymers 12, no. 7 (2020): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071476.

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An alternative approach for the synthesis of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) copolymer latexes was explored in order to obtain low gel fractions and high solid contents. The ultra-turrax-assisted miniemulsion stabilized by in situ surfactant generation was adopted as the main strategy since this technique can inhibit the eventual presence of secondary nucleation producing polybutadiene particles and also control the cross-linking degree. Styrene monomer was first miniemulsified using an ultra-turrax and in situ generated surfactant using either hexadecane (HD) or octadecyl acrylate (ODA) as the hydrophobe. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements of droplet size indicated faster stabilization and the production of smaller droplet diameters ca. 190 nm (PdI = 0.08) when employing in situ generated potassium oleate (K-Oleate) in comparison to SDS-based miniemulsions. High butadiene-level SBR latexes with ca. 50% solids content, a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −52 °C, and a butadiene to styrene weight ratio of 75:25, were then obtained using the miniemulsion droplets as seeds. Turbiscan and DLS measurements revealed a very stable resulting latex with SBR particle diameter of ca. 220 nm and a low polydispersity index (PdI). Secondary nucleation was prevented as indicated by the low Np/Nd value. Cryo-TEM images showed a narrow distribution of particle size as well as the absence of agglomeration. The gel content was below 10% when tert-dodecyl mercaptan (t-DM) was used as chain transfer agent (CTA).
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Pfluck, Ana C. D., Dragana P. C. de Barros, and Luis P. Fonseca. "Biodegradable Polyester Synthesis in Renewed Aqueous Polycondensation Media: The Core of the New Greener Polymer-5B Technology." Processes 9, no. 2 (2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020365.

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An innovative enzymatic polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols in aqueous polymerization media using free and immobilized lipases was developed. Various parameters (type of lipases, temperature, pH, stirring type and rate, and monomer carbon chain length) of the polycondensation in an oil-in-water (o/w) miniemulsion (>80% in water) were evaluated. The best results for polycondensation were achieved with an equimolar monomer concentration (0.5 M) of octanedioic acid and 1,8-octanediol in the miniemulsion and water, both at initial pH 5.0 with immobilized Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B (PBLI). The synthesized poly(octamethylene suberate) (POS) in the miniemulsion is characterized by a molecular weight of 7800 g mol−1 and a conversion of 98% at 45 °C after 48 h of polycondensation in batch operation mode. A comparative study of polycondensation using different operation modes (batch and fed-batch), stirring type, and biocatalyst reutilization in the miniemulsion, water, and an organic solvent (cyclohexane:tetrahydrofuran 5:1 v/v) was performed. Regarding the polymer molecular weight and conversion (%), batch operation mode was more appropriate for the synthesis of POS in the miniemulsion and water, and fed-batch operation mode showed better results for polycondensation in the organic solvent. The miniemulsion and water used as polymerization media showed promising potential for enzymatic polycondensation since they presented no enzyme inhibition for high monomer concentrations and excellent POS synthesis reproducibility. The PBLI biocatalyst presented high reutilization capability over seven cycles (conversion > 90%) and high stability equivalent to 72 h at 60 °C on polycondensation in the miniemulsion and water. The benefits of polycondensation in aqueous media using an o/w miniemulsion or water are the origin of the new concept strategy of the green process with a green product that constitutes the core of the new greener polymer-5B technology.
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Miller, C. M., E. D. Sudol, C. A. Silebi, and M. S. El-Aasser. "Polymerization of Miniemulsions Prepared from Polystyrene in Styrene Solutions. 3. Potential Differences between Miniemulsion Droplets and Polymer Particles." Macromolecules 28, no. 8 (1995): 2772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00112a024.

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Zhang, Liping, Anli Tian, Chunxia Wang, Fushun Bai, and Shaohai Fu. "Formulation of nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 dispersion via miniemulsion polymerization for application in white inkjet ink." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 1 (2017): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2015-0074.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to prepare nanoscale copolymer-silicon dioxide (SiO2) dispersion for formulating textile printing white ink. Design/methodology/approach Nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 dispersion was prepared via miniemulsion polymerization. The miniemulsion formulation was optimized for preparing stable SiO2/O/W miniemulsion and nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 dispersion. The nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal gravity (DTG) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The performance of white inks from this colorant was further investigated. Findings Nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 had a core-shell structure with about 45 nm encapsulated copolymer layer when it was synthesized under optimal miniemulsion formulation 60 per cent mass ratio of styrene (St) to KH570-SiO2, 5.0 per cent hexadecane to St and 2.0 per cent concentration of DNS-86. The nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 white ink had high thermal and centrifugal stability with high purity and color fastness. Research limitations/implications The miniemulsion polymerization conditions required a careful control before favorable results could be achieved. Practical implications The nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 dispersion and white ink prepared by this method showed excellent stability. This research could accelerate the textiles inkjet printing application. Originality/value The reactive stabilizer DNS-86 is innovatively introduced into the miniemulsion polymerization to improve the stability of the nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 dispersion. The white ink was formulated from nanoscale copolymer-SiO2 to improve the fastness of the printed fabrics.
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Blythe, P. J., B. R. Morrison, K. A. Mathauer, E. D. Sudol, and M. S. El-Aasser. "Enhanced Droplet Nucleation in Styrene Miniemulsion Polymerization. 1. Effect of Polymer Type in Sodium Lauryl Sulfate/Cetyl Alcohol Miniemulsions." Macromolecules 32, no. 21 (1999): 6944–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma981975v.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Miniemulsione"

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DITERLIZZI, MARIANNA. "Polymeric Water-Processable Nanoparticles towards sustainable organic photovoltaics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/376407.

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Il mio progetto di dottorato è focalizzato sullo sviluppo di inchiostri a base acquosa costituiti da nanoparticelle (NPs) polimeriche per applicazioni optoelettroniche ed elettroniche. In particolare, lo scopo della mia ricerca è la preparazione di strati attivi di dispositivi fotovoltaici organici (OPV) sostenibili. Questo obiettivo è raggiunto attraverso sospensioni acquose di NPs processabili in acqua, preparate a partire da miscele di polimeri semiconduttori donatori e accettori di elettroni. Gli inchiostri acquosi sono stati ottenuti attraverso il metodo della miniemulsione, modificato affinché non fosse necessaria l'aggiunta di surfattanti per garantire la stabilità colloidale. L'approccio sviluppato prevede l'utilizzo di copolimeri a blocchi (BCPs) anfifilici del tipo rod-coil, caratterizzati da un blocco rigido (un polimero semiconduttore di tipo p) legato covalentemente a un segmento flessibile idrofilo in grado di interagire con il mezzo acquoso, stabilizzando le interfacce acquose/non acquose. I BCPs anfifilici sono in grado di auto-assemblarsi sia puri che in miscela con materiali accettori, portando alla formazione di nanostrutture costituite da domini con dimensioni adatte alla percolazione della carica nello strato attivo della cella solare organica (OSC). In primo luogo, come materiali elettron-donatori sono stati considerati dei polimeri low band-gap (LBG). Nella parte iniziale della tesi è descritta la sintesi di quattro BCPs basati sul polimero poli[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-etilesil)-4H-ciclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']ditiofene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzotiazolo)] (PCPDTBT), con un segmento di poli-4-vinilpiridina (P4VP) come coil. I BCPs sono stati utilizzati in miscela con il derivato fullerenico PC61BM come materiale elettron-accettore per ottenere inchiostri acquosi, che sono stati poi depositati per fabbricare strati attivi. In seguito, sono stati condotti diversi esperimenti per trovare la correlazione tra la morfologia interna e la composizione delle NPs con l'efficienza dei dispositivi OPV. Successivamente, sono stati studiati altri polimeri LBG dotati di un parziale grado di cristallinità, al fine di migliorare l'efficacia del metodo sviluppato. Pertanto, nella seconda parte della tesi si discute la sintesi e la caratterizzazione di un nuovo BCP anfifilico basato sul poli[[4,8-bis[(2-etilesil)ossi]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']ditiofene-2,6-diil][3-fluoro-2-[(2-etilesil)carbonil]tieno[3,4-b]tiofenediil]] (PTB7) come blocco rigido, che è più rigido e più cristallino del PCPDTBT. Come blocco coil è stato scelto un segmento costituito da 15 unità di 4VP. Quindi sono state preparate le NPs tramite self-assembly del PTB7-b-P4VP miscelato con il derivato fullerenico PC71BM. Le sospensioni acquose ottenute sono state impiegate per fabbricare dispositivi OPV in configurazione diretta, e la cella migliore che è stata ottenuta presenta un’efficienza pari a 0.85%, che è un valore ancora molto lontano dal benchmark, ma è comunque superiore all'efficienza del dispositivo ottenuto depositando la miscela PC71BM:PTB7-b-P4VP da solventi alogenati. Infine, è stato preso in considerazione l'uso di tensioattivi nella preparazione delle NPs, in quanto le sospensioni acquose che ne risultano sono più stabili e più facili da maneggiare e conservare, facilitando il processo di scale-up a livello industriale. In quest’ultima parte della tesi, sono stati studiati altri polimeri semiconduttori come materiali elettron-donatori. In particolare, sono stati sintetizzati e caratterizzati due nuovi polimeri semiconduttori LBG e uno a medio band-gap. Questi materiali saranno miscelati con accettori fullerenici e non per ottenere inchiostri a base acquosa che saranno depositati come strati attivi di dispositivi optoelettronici, analogamente a quanto fatto per i materiali precedenti.<br>My PhD project is focused on the development of polymeric nanoparticle-based aqueous inks for optoelectronic and electronic applications. Specifically, the aim of my research is the fabrication of sustainable active layers of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices processable in water. This goal is reached through water-processable nanoparticle (WPNP) aqueous suspensions, prepared from semiconducting polymers as electron-donor and acceptor materials. The aqueous inks are obtained through a modified miniemulsion method, which unlike the standard process does not imply the addition of any surfactant to ensure the colloidal stability. The adapted approach involves the use of amphiphilic rod-coil block copolymers (BCPs), characterized by a rigid block (a p‐type semiconducting polymer) covalently linked to a hydrophilic flexible segment able to interact with aqueous medium, stabilizing the aqueous/non-aqueous interfaces. The amphiphilic BCPs are able to self-assemble both neat and in blend with acceptor materials, leading to the formation of nanostructures consisting of domains with dimensions suitable for the charge percolation in the resulting active layer of the organic solar cell (OSC). Primarily, low-band-gap (LBG) polymers were considered as electron donor materials to match the solar radiation absorption. Firstly, the synthesis of four different poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’]dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT)-based amphiphilic BCPs, with a tailored segment of poly-4-vinylpiridine (P4VP) as coil, was presented. The BCPs were used in blend with the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as acceptor material to prepare WPNP aqueous inks, which were deposited to obtain the active layers. The correlation between the internal morphology and composition of the WPNPs, and the dimensions of the donor/acceptor nanodomains with the efficiency of the resulting OSCs was deeply studied. In a second time, we explored other LBG polymers endowed with a partial order to improve the effectiveness of the approach. Therefore, the synthesis and the deep characterization of a new amphiphilic BCP based on the poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7) as rigid donor polymer, which is stiffer and more crystalline than PCPDTBT, were described. A segment of 15 repeating units of 4VP was selected as coil. We prepared WPNPs coming from the self-assembly of the PTB7-b-P4VP blended with the [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). Subsequently, the WPNPs were employed to fabricate OSCs in direct configuration, and the best gained OPV device exhibited a PCE of 0.85%, which is still very far from the benchmark, but it is higher than the efficiency of the device obtained depositing the PC71BM:PTB7-b-P4VP from halogenated solvents. Lastly, the use of surfactants in the WPNP preparation was considered, as the resulting aqueous suspensions are more stable and easier to handle and store, enhancing the industrial scale-up process. Other semiconducting polymers were selected as electron-donor materials in the active blends. Particularly, two new LBG semiconducting BDT-based polymers, and a medium band-gap one, were synthetized and characterized. These materials will be blended with fullerene and non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) materials to obtain aqueous inks that will be deposited as active layers of optoelectronic devices, similarly to previous materials.
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Holtze, Christian H. W. "Neue Einflüsse und Anwendungen von Mikrowellenstrahlung auf Miniemulsionen und ihre Kompositpolymere." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974875694.

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Bechthold, Nina. "Polymerisation in Miniemulsion." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961879416.

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Barnette, Darrell Thomas. "Continuous miniemulsion polymerization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12518.

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Jasinski, Florent. "Photopolymérisation radicalaire en miniemulsion." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH7111/document.

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Les problématiques et potentialités de la photopolymérisation radicalaire en miniémulsion ont été discutées, en partant de l’étude des propriétés optiques des miniémulsions de monomère jusqu’à la synthèse de nouvelles nanoparticules polysulfures semi-cristallines par réaction thiol-ène. En premier lieu, l'interaction entre les propriétés optiques de miniémulsion de monomère et l'efficacité de photopolymérisation a été clarifiée. Nous avons établi le rôle majeur de la diffusion optique sur les cinétiques de photopolymérisation de nanogouttelettes acrylates, tandis que l'absorption s’est révélé de moindre importance. Que ce soit en milieu dilué ou concentré (modèle de Kubelka-Munk), la diffusion de la lumière est atténuée lorsque la taille de gouttelettes diminue. La conséquence immédiate est une amélioration significative de la pénétration de la lumière induisant une accélération des cinétiques de polymérisation. Néanmoins, cette conclusion doit être pondérée car l’effet de compartimentage de la polymérisation radicalaire n’a pu être dissocié des effets optiques. On notera qu’en milieu concentré (contenu en solide de 30 % massique), au-delà de 150 nm pour le diamètre de gouttelette, le coefficient de diffusion atteint un palier et devient indépendant de la taille des gouttelettes. La chute d’absorbance, observée par spectroscopie UV-visible, tout au long de l’irradiation pour des miniémulsions acrylates de faible taille (40 nm) a mis en évidence un mécanisme de polymérisation par diffusion de monomère des gouttelettes non nucléées vers les particules en croissance. Cette analyse non invasive (aucune dilution n’a été nécessaire) présente un intérêt évident pour l’étude du mécanisme de nucléation. Nous avons ensuite démontré que la photopolymérisation pouvait être réalisée en utilisant le caractère auto-amorçant des acrylates sous irradiation UV court ( &lt; 300 nm). Ce type d’amorçage photochimique a permis d’éviter l’emploi de photoamorceur, limitant ainsi les risques liés à leur présence résiduelle dans le matériau final. Les photopolymérisations ont été réalisées dans un microréacteur modèle (cuve spectroscopique d’épaisseur 0,1 à 1 mm). La variation de plusieurs paramètres expérimentaux a permis d’identifier un ensemble de paramètres clés influençant les cinétiques de polymérisation tels que la taille des gouttelettes, corroborant ainsi les résultats de l’étude optique. Les longueurs d’onde d’irradiation et le chemin optique ont joué un rôle tout aussi déterminant ; le décalage vers des longueurs d’onde courtes et la diminution de l’épaisseur de l’échantillon accélèrent à la fois la création de radicaux amorceurs et le nombre d’entités nucléées. La versatilité du procédé a été démontrée en polymérisant rapidement (conversion totale en moins de 20 min) une large gamme de monomères acrylate, méthacrylate ou à base d’acétate de vinyle. En ce qui concerne le mécanisme d’auto-amorçage, nous avons prouvé que les espèces amorçantes provenaient vraisemblablement d’un biradical photoinduit, pouvant arracher ou transférer un hydrogène sur des molécules de monomère pour former des monoradicaux amorceurs. Par le biais de ce mécanisme original, la génération de radicaux est constante tout au long de la polymérisation ce qui pour effet d’impacter les caractéristiques des copolymères formés : l’indice de polymolécularité tend à augmenter et les masses molaires à diminuer par rapport à un processus photoamorcé conventionnel. Ces photopolymérisations ont été réalisées dans un photoréacteur annulaire à immersion et ont montré les mêmes évolutions en fonction de la taille de gouttelettes que lors d’expériences en cuve spectroscopique non agitées. A titre d’exemple, une conversion totale est atteinte en 1 h pour des tailles de gouttelettes de 60 nm et un contenu en solide de 30 %. L’auto-amorçage photoinduit a permis de générer rapidement une grande quantité de chaînes en croissance au sein des gouttelettes. [...]<br>Issues and potentials of miniemulsion radical photopolymerization were discussed, starting from monomer miniemulsions’ optical properties to the synthesis of new semi-crystalline polysulfide nanoparticles by thiol-ene reaction. First, the relationship between the optical properties of miniemulsion and the polymerization efficiency was clarified. We established the major role of optical scattering on the acrylate nanodroplets’ photopolymerization kinetic, while the absorption was found to play a minor role. Whether diluted or concentrated medium (Kubelka-Munk model), light scattering is attenuated when droplet size decreased. The corollary is a significant improvement of UV light penetration within the reactor vessel leading to an acceleration of the polymerization kinetics. However, this conclusion was mitigated by the fact that compartmentalization effect could not be easily dissociated from optical effects. Note that in concentrated medium (solids content of 30 wt %), beyond 150 nm droplet diameter, the scattering coefficient leveled off regardless of droplet size. An absorbance drop was observed using UV-visible spectroscopy throughout the irradiation of the smallest acrylate miniemulsions (40 nm). This result suggested a polymerization mechanism occurring by monomer diffusion from non-nucleated droplets to growing particles. This non-invasive analysis (no dilution was required) is of high interest to study the nucleation mechanism.In a second part, we demonstrated that acrylate miniemulsion photopolymerization could be performed through a monomer self-initiation mechanism induced by short-wavelength UV irradiation ( &lt; 300 nm). Such original photochemical initiation avoided the use of photoinitiator, thus limiting the risks associated with their residual presence in the final material. The self-initiated photopolymerizations were carried out in a model microreactor (spectroscopic cell of 0.1 to 1 mm thick). The variation of several parameters allowed us to identify key parameters influencing polymerization kinetics such as droplet size, thus corroborating the results of the optical study. The irradiation wavelength and the optical path played a crucial role; the shift towards shorter wavelengths and the sample thickness reduction accelerated both the generation of initiating radicals and the number of nucleated entities. The versatility of the method was demonstrated by fast polymerization (complete conversion achieved within 20 minutes) employing a wide range of acrylate, methacrylate and vinyl acetate monomers. Regarding the self-initiating mechanism, one proved that the initiating species likely originated from a biradical able to abstract or transfer hydrogen from monomer molecules, thereby forming initiating monoradicals. Through this original mechanism, the generation of radicals was constant throughout the polymerization, which impacted the characteristics of the copolymer chains: the polydispersity index tended to increase and the molar masses decreases when compared with a conventional photoinduced process. These photopolymerizations were also carried out in an annular immersion photoreactor and showed the same trends regarding the effect of droplet size as the experiments conducted in unstirred spectroscopic tank. For example, a complete conversion was reached after 1 h for a 60 nm acrylate miniemulsion with a solids content of 30 wt %. As a result, a self-initiated polymerization can generate rapidly a large amount of insoluble growing polymer chains within the droplets. This unique feature was exploited to overcome Ostwald ripening without the addition of a specific costabilizer. Photochemical self-initiation could also be used to form surfactant-free nanolatex via Pickering-stabilized miniemulsion photopolymerization. Indeed, Laponite clay adsorbed at the surface of the droplets showed an excellent UV transparency up to 200 nm. [...]
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Qi, Genggeng. "Unconventional radical miniemulsion polymerization." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26547.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Jones, Christopher W.; Committee Chair: Schork, F. Joseph; Committee Member: Koros, William J.; Committee Member: Lyon, Andrew; Committee Member: Nenes, Athanasios. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Ghazy, Omayma. "Binary blend nanoparticles with defined morphology." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-63345.

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Doucet, Jean-Baptiste. "Novel route to mono- and diglycerides synthesis in miniemulsion catalyzed by lipases." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-63562.

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Ethirajan, Anitha. "Polymeric nanoparticles synthesized via miniemulsion process as templates for biomimetic mineralization." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-65496.

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Kobitskaya, Elena. "Synthesis of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide in inverse miniemulsion." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-65587.

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Livres sur le sujet "Miniemulsione"

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Mittal, Vikas. Miniemulsion polymerization technology. Scrivener ; Hoboken, N.J., 2010.

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Mittal, Vikas. Miniemulsion polymerization technology. Scrivener, 2010.

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Mittal, Vikas, ed. Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470922354.

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Mittal, Vikas. Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.

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Mittal, Vikas. Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Mittal, Vikas. Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Mittal, Vikas. Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Miniemulsione"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Miniemulsion." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7536.

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Asua, José M. "Miniemulsion Polymerization." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_263-1.

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Schork, F. Joseph, Yingwu Luo, Wilfred Smulders, James P. Russum, Alessandro Butté, and Kevin Fontenot. "Miniemulsion Polymerization." In Polymer Particles. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b100115.

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Tang, P. L., E. David Sudol, M. E. Adams, C. A. Silebi, and Mohamed S. El-Aasser. "Miniemulsion Polymerization." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0492.ch006.

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Asua, José M. "Miniemulsion Polymerization." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_263.

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Mittal, V. "Miniemulsion Polymerization: An Overview." In Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470922354.ch1.

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Soldi, V., B. G. Zanetti-Ramos, and E. Minatti. "Surfactant Effect in Miniemulsion Polymerization for Biodegradable Latexes." In Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470922354.ch10.

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Durand, Alain. "Multi-Functional Stabilizers in Miniemulsion Polymerization." In Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470922354.ch2.

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Mittal, V. "Structured Copolymer Particles by Miniemulsion Polymerization." In Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470922354.ch3.

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Forcada, Jacqueline, and Jose Ramos. "Encapsulation of Inorganic Nanoparticles by Miniemulsion Polymerization." In Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470922354.ch4.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Miniemulsione"

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Pfluck, Ana C. D., Dragana P. C. de Barros, Clara A. Lopes, and Luis P. Fonseca. "Optimization of miniemulsion process using different solvents." In 2015 IEEE 4th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/enbeng.2015.7088810.

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Roozbeh, Ashkan, Maiara de Jesus Bassi, Adriano Bezerra Pereira, Lucimara Stolz Roman, Tiago Buckup, and Ismael André Heisler. "Energy transfer in aqueously dispersed organic semiconductor nanoparticles." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2022.tu4a.58.

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In this work, we investigated energy transfer dynamics in water-dispersed polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of F8T2, MDMO-PPV, and their mixtures (bicomponent) synthesized by the miniemulsion technique, using femtosecond transient absorption and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.
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COSTA, C., A. MUSYANOVYCH, K. LANDFESTER, P. H. H. ARAÚJO, and C. SAYER. "ENCAPSULATION OF VEGETABLE OILS BY MINIEMULSION POLYMERIZATION: MATHEMATICAL MODELING." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-1398-19484-143753.

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Wang, Yi, Tian-Zuo Liao, and Hong-Hao Sun. "The Preparation of Polystyrene Particles in Different Diameters by Miniemulsion." In 2016 International Conference on Mechanics and Materials Science (MMS2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813228177_0088.

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Ismail, Zalikha, Syara Kassim, and Noor Aniza Harun. "Development of hydrophilic poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) nanoparticles via inverse miniemulsion polymerization technique." In 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002273.

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Wang, Chen, Xianglin Cheng, and Shichang Sun. "Preparation of polyacrylamide with high relative molecular weight based on miniemulsion polymerization." In AIAM2021: 2021 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Manufacture. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3495018.3502489.

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Wei Lu, Min Chen, and Limin Wu. "Facile preparation method of nanocrystal CdS hollow spheres with miniemulsion droplets as templates." In 2008 2nd IEEE International Nanoelectronics Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inec.2008.4585430.

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Pfluck, Ana C. D., Dragana P. C. de Barros, and Luis P. Fonseca. "Stability assay of Candida rugosa lipase in miniemulsion system to synthesis of biodegradable polymers." In 2017 IEEE 5th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/enbeng.2017.7889455.

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Kamaruddin, Nur Nasyita, Syara Kassim, and Noor Aniza Harun. "Volume effect of non-polar solvent towards the synthesis of hydrophilic polymer nanoparticles prepares via inverse miniemulsion polymerization." In 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002250.

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Caillol, Sylvain. "Plant oil based radically polymerizable monomers for sustainable polymers." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/kypx2569.

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We have focuses our studies on the synthesis of novel biobased monomers designed for free radical polymerization which could increase the biomass carbon content pursuing to equal or improve the performance of existing polymers from non-renewable sources. Cardanol, which is a natural phenolic oil, is issued from Cashew Nutshell Liquid (CNSL), a non-edible renewable resource, co-produced from cashew industry in large commercial volumes (1Mt p.a.). Cardanol is non-toxic and particularly suitable for the addition of aromatic renewable resources in polymers and materials. We recently reported various routes for the synthesis of di- and poly-functional building blocks derived from cardanol thereafter used in polymer syntheses. We especially synthesized a new radically polymerizable cardanol-derived monomer. Hence, we synthesized cardanol-based aromatic latex by radical aqueous emulsion (and miniemulsion) polymerization. We also synthesized UV-reactive cardanol-derived latex for styrene-free coating applications. &#x0D;Vegetable oils and their fatty acids (FAs) derivatives have become the most promising alternative solution to design performant bio-based polymers. However, considering the poor reactivity of the internal unsaturation of FAs through radical process, most currently available synthesis of monomers reported in literature are limited to polycondensation. Therefore, the objective of our work was to synthesize monomers from fatty acids bearing reactive function through radical process and evaluate their resulting methacrylate polymers as viscosity modifiers in various oils such as mineral or vegetable oils.
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