Articles de revues sur le sujet « Mincio River »

In the Po plain, northern Italy, rivers within agricultural basins display steep summer increases in nitrate (NO3−) concentrations. Flood irrigation in overfertilized, permeable soils may drive such diffuse pollution, facilitating interactions between NO3−-rich groundwater and surface waters. We discuss multiple, indirect evidence of this mechanism in the Adda, Oglio, and Mincio rivers. These rivers drain agricultural soils with elevated nitrogen (N) surpluses, averaging 139, 193, and 136 kg ha−1 in the Adda, Oglio, and Mincio watersheds, respectively. The three rivers cross a transitional area between highly permeable and impermeable soils, where summer NO3− concentrations may increase by one order of magnitude over short distances (8–20 km). Upstream of this transitional area, a major fraction of the river flow is diverted for flood irrigation, a traditional and widespread irrigation technique for permeable soils. We speculate that diverted water solubilizes soil N excess, recharges the aquifer, and transfers soil N surplus into groundwater, resulting in NO3− pollution. Groundwater–river interactions were estimated experimentally, via water and NO3− budgets in 0.3 to 1 m3 s−1 km−1 and in 1500 to 5400 kg NO3−–N day−1. The data suggest a pronounced east–west gradient of groundwater to river diffuse water inputs among the three adjacent basins, reflecting the soil permeability and the width of the river–groundwater interaction zone. Given the large stock of NO3− in groundwater, management interventions performed at the basin scale and aimed at decreasing N excess will not produce an immediate decrease in river NO3− pollution.

The North American oligochaete Sparganophilus tamesis is widespread in European freshwaters. Its ecological effects on benthic nitrogen (N) biogeochemistry were studied in two contrasting environments: the organic-rich muddy sediments of the eutrophic Mincio River (Italy) and the organic-poor sandy sediments of the oligotrophic Cazaux-Sanguinet Lake (France). Oxygen and inorganic N fluxes and denitrification rates (IPT) were measured by dark incubation of intact cores with different worm biomass. Sediment oxygen demand and denitrification were higher in muddy than in sandy sediments; however, at the two sites, bioturbation by the oligochaetes stimulated differing microbial O2 and NO3− respiration and NH4+ production. In particular, the relative effect of S. tamesis on sediment metabolism was greater in Cazaux-Sanguinet Lake than in the Mincio River. As a result, S. tamesis favored net N loss in the Mincio River, whereas it increased NH4+ recycling and lowered denitrification efficiency in the Cazaux-Sanguinet Lake. Our results suggest that the effects of S. tamesis on N biogeochemistry might differ depending on local trophic settings. These results have implications for the conservation of isoetids in the French Lake, whose persistence can be menaced by oligochaete-induced nutrient mobilization.

The Po Plain (northern Italy) is one of the largest aquifers in Europe, and 67% of the utilized agricultural land in this area is classified as a nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ). However, it hosts intensive agriculture and livestock farming. In a stretch of the Mincio River (a tributary of the Po River), hydraulic heads and physico-chemical parameters of river and groundwater were monitored for a hydrologic year (2020–2021), to evaluate the effects of manure fertilization and flooding irrigation on surface- and groundwater chemistry. From 2020 the Nitrate Directive’s fertilization limit was reintroduced and a comparison has been performed comparing surface- and groundwater data from the 2019 fertilization period (before limit reintroduction) and 2020 (after). Results suggest that in 2021 the phreatic aquifer displayed elevated nitrate (NO3−) concentrations, exceeding 50 mg L−1, although average values were lower than those of 2019. Nitrate loads in the Mincio River reached 6670 kg NO3− d−1 and resulted from the overfertilization in the surrounding area and the quick transfer of nitrogen from groundwater to the river. As compared to 2019, the river loads decreased by 59%, suggesting that the introduction of fertilization limits can produce measurable, short-term responses in alluvial aquifers.

An integrated water resource management programme has been under way since 1999 to reduce agricultural water pollution in the River Mincio fluvial park. The experimental part of the programme consisted of: a) a monitoring phase to evaluate the impact of conventional and environmentally sound techniques (Best Management Practices, BMPs) on water quality; this was done on four representative landscape units, where twelve fields were instrumented to monitor the soil, surface and subsurface water quality; b) a modelling phase to extend the results obtained at field scale to the whole territory of the Mincio watershed. For this purpose a GIS developed in the Arc/Info environment was integrated into the CropSyst model. The model had previously been calibrated to test its ability to describe the complexity of the agricultural systems. The first results showed a variable efficiency of the BMPs depending on the interaction between management and pedo-climatic conditions. In general though, the BMPs had positive effects in improving the surface and subsurface water quality. The CropSyst model was able to describe the agricultural systems monitored and its linking with the GIS represented a valuable tool for identifying the vulnerable areas within the watershed.

The three shallow lakes of Mantua (Upper, Middle and Lower) formed by the Mincio River are today classified by Italian water authorities as sensitive areas, after, in the second half of the 20th century, the hydrologic regime of the lakes was heavily modified, and the influence of industrial activities operating in the 1960s - without much environmental consideration - created a substantial decline in the water quality of the lakes. The City of Mantua is one of the most vital industrial centers of Northern Italy, and development plans are under way, that should approximately double the extension of the urban and industrial area within the next 20 years. This paper deals with estimating the effects of the aforementioned urbanization on the future water quality of the three lakes.

In the northern sector of the Po River Plain (Italy), widespread intensive agriculture and animal farming are supported by large amounts of water from Alpine lakes and their emissaries. Flood irrigation and excess fertilization with manure affect both the hydrology and the chemical quality of surface and groundwater, resulting in diffuse nitrogen pollution. However, studies analyzing the mechanisms linking agricultural practices with vertical and horizontal nitrogen paths are scarce in this area. We investigated groundwater quality and quantity in an unconfined, coarse-grained alluvial aquifer adjacent to the Mincio River (a tributary of the Po River), where steep summer gradients of nitrate (NO3−) concentrations are reported. The effects of manure on solutes’ vertical transport during precipitation events in fertilized and in control soils were simulated under laboratory conditions. The results show high SiO2 and NO3− leaching in fertilized soils. Similarly, field data are characterized by high SiO2 and NO3− concentrations, with a comparable spatial distribution but a different temporal evolution, suggesting their common origin but different processes affecting their concentrations in the study area. Our results show that SiO2 can be used as a conservative tracer of manure spreading, as it does not undergo biogeochemical processes that significantly alter its concentrations. On the contrary, nitrate displays large short-term variations related to aquifer recharge (i.e., flood irrigation and precipitation). In fact, aquifer recharge may promote immediate solubilization and stimulate nitrification, resulting in high NO3− concentrations up to 95.9 mg/L, exceeding the Water Framework Directive (WFD) thresholds. When recharge ends, anoxic conditions likely establish in the saturated zone, favoring denitrification and resulting in a steep decrease in NO3− concentrations.

The article analyzes the optimal ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in food, which plays a significant role in serving the physiological needs of the human body. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6 groups) is considered the most significant for the human body. Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids are not synthesized in the human body, but are sufficiently found in fish, especially in sea fish leading an active lifestyle. The fatty acid composition of various aquaculture objects, freshwater and sea fish species is analyzed. There has been carried out modeling of minced fish recipes based on the biomedical requirements and the functional and technological properties of the raw materials used. To optimize the fatty acid composition of minced fish in accordance with the physiological needs of humans, it has been proposed to mix different types of fish meat: sea and river fish, aquaculture objects. Pacific herring, Caspian sprat, cod (sea fish species), pike perch, pike, crucian carp (river fish species), silver carp, clari catfish, and Nile tilapia (aquaculture objects) were used as raw materials in developing recipes for the combined minced fish. Fatty acid composition of the finished product was optimized by mathematical modeling of the recipe mixture of minced meat of various fish species and based on the analysis of the ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the meat of the studied fish species. Two recipes, which include Pacific herring, cod, crucian carp, and Nile tilapia (recipe No. 5), as well as Pacific herring, cod, pike, and clari catfish (recipe No. 6), most fully meet the specified requirements.

Results of cherry salmon juveniles rearing at Reidovo fish farm on Iturup Island during two annual cycles of cultivation are analyzed. Different variants of the breeders selection, feeding, preventive treatment, and release were tested. The breeders were caught in the river mouth and near the fish farm. Mass mortality of young fish in the first and second years was avoided by decreasing of their density and other preventive measures. Minced fish was used as a food for them that is less expensive in compare with a combined fodder. The best diet for the second year of rearing was the minced pink salmon with the daily ration of 2 % of the juveniles body weight; it provided a significant decrease of mortality and enhanced their growth. After 2-year rearing, percentage of females, anadromous males, and dwarf males was 42.1, 36.3, and 21.6 %, respectively. Their weights were similar, though a group of fast-growing males was found among the dwarfs. The mass of ovaries varied from 13 to 46 mg in close dependence on females’ body weight (r = 0.81). Before the release, the ovaries of all females contained oocytes of similar size (varied in 2–4 times) at the final stage of previtellogenesis. Number of the oocytes per transverse section varied from 4.7 to 32.3, on average for 5 cuts and their diameter varied from 164.3 to 279.2 mm and did not correlate with the females body weight. The mass of dwarf males’ testes varied from 14 to 488 mg in dependence on their body weight (r = 0.78). The elder oocytes of females would mature in a year, and majority of dwarf males would reach the maturity in autumn of the current year.

RÉSUMÉ À Rivière-Ouelle, sur la rive sud du moyen estuaire du Saint-Laurent, une coupe le long de la rivière révèle l'existence d'un bas niveau marin relatif antérieurement à 6000 ans BP, suivi d'une transgression de 8-9 m. On y observe trois unités distinctes: à la base, l'argile de la mer de Goldthwait taillée en une surface d'érosion ; au-dessus, une séquence alluviale comprenant deux faciès, l'un estuarien (sable fin et limon), l'autre fluviatile (sable et gravier); au sommet, un dépôt de zone intertidale composé de sable fin et limon stratifiés en lits minces. Ces nouvelles données corroborent celles de trois autres sites: rivière Boyer, Montmagny-Cap-Saint-Ignace et Saint-Fabien-sur-Mer, et renseignent sur les modalités du relèvement isostatique de la côte sud du Saint-Laurent.

RÉSUMÉ A Rivière-du-Loup, sur la rive sud de l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent, la transgression marine postglaciaire (Mer de Goldthwait), qui a eu lieu entre 12,5 et 12,8 ka. a atteint un niveau voisin de 135 m d'altitude. Le relèvement isostatique a été très rapide. Vers 9000 ans BP, 85 % de l'emersion des terres était déjà réalisé. Trois coupes levées au droit de schorre supérieur actuel ont permis de mettre en évidence l'existence d'un bas niveau marin au milieu de l'Holocène suivi d'une transgression mineure d'une amplitude indéterminée, mais vraisemblablement de l'ordre de ± 8 m. En effet, un dépôt organique relique, daté de 6200 ± 100 à 7140 ± 70 BP et reposant sur des sédiments argileux de la Mer de Goldthwait, est recouvert de sédiments intertidaux limono-sableux stratifiés contenant des colonies de Mya arenaria en position de vie, datées de 5610 ± 90 à 5700 ± 90 BP. La terrasse Mitis (niveau de ± 6m d'altitude) a été construite entre 3000 et 1500 ans BP. alors que le schorre supérieur, qui surmonte un substrat de sable fin et de limon stratifiés en lits minces (ancienne slikke) daté d'environ 850 ans BP, est une construction intertidale relativement récente: moins de 300 ans BP. Ces données corroborent les faits mis en évidence dans cinq autres sites de la rive Sud de l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent.

Résumé La Nappe alluviale de Soucy (Yonne, France) a livré six gisements du Paléolithique inférieur. Sa mise en place peut être rapportée, d'après l'aminochronologie et les datations RPE sur quartz, aux stades isotopiques 10 et 9. Le rang interglaciaire des formations fluviatiles supérieures fines est souligné par les malacofaunes qui révèlent un milieu tempéré continental. Une reconstitution des différentes étapes de la construction de la plaine alluviale est proposée à partir de la morphologie des dépôts, l'image C-M, l'analyse des traits pédosédimentaires en lames minces et l'étude des malacofaunes. Le remblaiement s'organise à partir de plusieurs chenaux dont les fonctionnements sont distincts dans le temps et l'espace. Le chenal A, le plus ancien, est bordé en rive occidentale par un banc de convexité. Au cours d'une étape ultérieure, un lit fluvial à chenaux multiples, parcouru par des écoulements énergiques mais intermittents, s'installe sur la rive orientale du chenal A. L'incision du chenal B se produit à l'issue de la migration du cours d'eau vers l'est. Le milieu est légèrement boisé. Le développement d'un sol alluvial grisâtre marque ensuite une phase de stabilisation, qui s'accompagne de la régression des malacofaunes forestières. L'étape suivante est caractérisée par des dépôts de plaine d'inondation qui recouvrent l'ensemble de la plaine. Le développement de mollusques xérophiles et la puissante aggradation sédimentaire indiquent l'ouverture du milieu qui pourrait correspondre à la dégradation des conditions climatiques dans le cadre de la fin d'un interglaciaire.

SUMMARYA total of 574 samples, of seven different types, were examined for the presence of salmonellas. All the specimens were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water and enriched in Rappaport–Vassiliadis medium (RV medium). In one trial 0·1 ml of pre-enrichment culture of 497 samples (79 chicken carcasses, 228 specimens of minced meat, 100 pork sausages, 19 samples of dried powdered chicken meat, 11 specimens of faeces of healthy pigs and 60 samples of sewage polluted natural sea water) was seeded to 10 ml as well as to 100 ml of RV medium. With the first inoculum (ratio 0·1:10), 111 samples were found to contain salmonellas, while with the second inoculum (ratio 0·1:100), only 102 positive samples were detected. This difference is marginally significant (P < 0·05). In another trial, 0·1 ml, 0·2 ml and 0·5 ml of pre-enrichment culture of 162 specimens (71 chicken carcasses, 40 samples of sewage polluted sea water and 51 samples of sewage polluted river water) were in turn introduced to 10 ml of RV medium. With the 0·1 ml inoculum 93 positive samples were detected, while with the 0·2 and 0·5 ml inocula 93 and 88 positive samples were found. The differences are not statistically significant. In these trials the growth of competing organisms was minimal with ratios of inocula 0·1:10 or 0·1:100.

Résumé Près de l’embouchure de la rivière Fouquette, une coupe d’environ 6 m de hauteur comprend trois unités lithostratigraphiques. Celle à la base (entre 3 et 6 m) est de type rythmique. Elle est composée de couches d’argile gris pâle, plastique et calcaire, et de lamines de sable interstratifiées. Le faciès de cette unité s’apparente à celui des dépôts tidaux de milieu estuarien relativement peu profond (10-15 m) correspondant en l’occurrence à un large chenal empruntant une dépression entre deux crêtes rocheuses appalachiennes. Des débris organiques ligneux récoltés à divers niveaux ont donné des âges au 14C compris entre 8,7 et 10,6 ka BP, ce qui correspond à une mise en place vers la fin de l’épisode de la Mer de Goldthwait, sur la rive sud de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent. De 2 m d’épaisseur, l’unité 2 est composée de lits minces de limon et de sable fin gris pâle mis en place dans un milieu infratidal à intertidal inférieur. Elle n’a pas été datée. En surface, l’unité 3, d’environ 100 cm d’épaisseur, est sableuse. Elle a probablement été mise en place lors de l’épisode de Mitis dont l’âge moyen est de 2 ka BP. La coupe de la rivière Fouquette révèle une fois de plus que la nature de la terrasse de 6 m (terrasse Mitis) est parfois complexe ; elle peut être formée de dépôts variés mis en place antérieurement à l’épisode de Mitis ; elle confirme aussi que le niveau marin relatif était seulement d’une quinzaine de mètres supérieur au niveau actuel vers 9,5 ka BP.

RÉSUMÉ La baie des Chaleurs, quatrième estuaire en importance de l’est du Canada, est un large bassin peu profond rempli de sédiments non consolidés d'une épaisseur allant jusqu'à 50 m. La répartition de cette masse sédimentaire est en partie imposée par le réseau de drainage datant du Cénozoïque (Tertiaire ou Quaternaire), qui suit les principaux éléments structuraux du socle sédimentaire sous-jacent. Les dépôts de contact glaciaire pleistocenes, y compris le till, sont généralement minces ou absents. Toutefois, au centre et vers l’extérieur de la baie, les chenaux cénozoïques renferment les accumulations morainiques linéaires, jusqu'à 30 m d'épaisseur, qui pourraient signaler l'emplacement final du dôme de la Gaspésie. Six grands cônes glaciomarins identifient les exutoires en fonction pendant la phase de retrait des calottes régionales. Ces dépôts pléistocènes ont en partie été érodes par des chenaux de drainage fluvioglaciaires pendant une phase de bas niveau marin (-90 m), vers 9000 BP. Par la suite, au cours de la transgression marine de l'Holocène inférieur à moyen, les sédiments glaciaires ont été soumis à l’érosion par les vagues. Les dépôts s'amincissent donc en eaux peu profondes et sont caractérisés par la présence de terrasses parallèles à la rive et des surfaces de sédiments grossiers le long des marges de la baie. À 7000 BP, le complexe de sandur qui occupait le fond peu profond de la baie a aussi été atteint par la transgression marine. La surface du delta était protégée par une barrière morainique. Les sédiments de l'Holocène inférieur ont d'abord été déposés dans les eaux plus profondes du centre et de l'entrée de la baie et ont subséquemment formé une pellicule sur le sandur du fond de la baie à mesure que le niveau marin montait. Ces sédiments montrent une progression dans la stratification et la granulométrie en relation avec les fluctuations du niveau marin et des sources sédimentaires. Les conditions océanographiques modernes se sont établies il y a environ 5000 ans.

Mantua, a North-Italian Po Valley city sided by the Mincio river spreading into three lakes, was ruled by the Gonzaga family from 1328 to 1707. The Gonzaga were famous all around Europe for the marvellous palace they had built: the Ducal Palace, that could more properly described as a city-scale architectural complex, made up by a number of different buildings. Gardens, squares and galleries, huge halls and precious cabinets make it a unique creation worldwide. The Gonzaga were also renown for the rich and variety of the collections they had there gathered.

Setting ability and other characteristics of the minces of freshwater snakehead, wild mullee, wild tilapia, genetically improved farmed tilapia and river shad were studied in order to investigate their potential use in the manufacture of surimi. Mince was prepared from fillet. A portion of the mince was washed with water containing 0.1% NaCl. Both washed and unwashed minces were ground with 3% NaCl for 20 min at 4 °C and incubated at various temperatures for one- and two-step heating. The resulting gels were subjected to punch, expressible moisture and folding tests. Gel hardness and colour of the minces were evaluated organoleptically. Wild mullee, snakehead and tilapia minces showed good setting ability. Genetically improved tilapia produced better quality gel compared to the wild ones. Optimum gel strength was observed in between 40-50°C and gel disintegration occurred at 60-700C. Gels prepared by two-step heating had higher gel strength except the river shad. A single washing of the mince substantially improved the texture and colour of the gels. River shad mince produced very poor quality gel even after two washings. A comprehensive investigation on the river shad with improved washing technique is required.

ABSTRACT Study aimed at identifying and recording smooth or finely punctate cell walled Cosmarium Corda species of the low Doce river region, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Periphytic material was collected monthly during the period October 2018 to February 2020, except for October 2019. We identified 22 taxa and analyzed the environmental conditions (trophic state, pH and total iron) in which each taxon occurred. Our study recorded 21 new records of smooth cell walled Cosmarium for Espírito Santo State and one (Cosmarium trilobulatum var. tumidum Willi Krieger & Gerloff) for Brazil.

As competências socioemocionais têm-se demostrado um fator importante para a promoção de relações positivas e redução de riscos psicológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar as publicações online acerca desta temática por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura ibero-latina. Os descritores utilizados foram sócio-emotional competences ou sócio-emotional skillsna base de dados SciELO. Foram encontrados 65 trabalhos. Aplicado o critério de exclusão, 46 trabalhos foram analisados. Os resultados exibiram uma pulverização de publicações ao longo dos anos, constituídas predominante no ano de 2016 (15,2%), em idioma espanhol (63%). As publicações foram analisadas de acordo com as metodologias empregadas, e o método quantitativo foi o mais utilizado (47,8%). O Brasil (28,5%) como o país com maior incidência, e a faixa de desenvolvimento adulta (57,9%). Por fim, 48 instrumentos foram citados, em sua maioria, não se relacionando com o constructo competências socioemocionais. Apresentaram lacunas referentes às publicações sobre competência socioemocional. Inferem-se mais pesquisas a cerca da temática devido à importância do tema para uma vida mais saudável.Descritores: Habilidades Sociais; Aptidão; Emoções; Avaliação; Psicologia.ReferênciasCarvalho RS, Silva RRD. Currículos socioemocionais, habilidades do século XXI e o investimento econômico na educação: as novas políticas curriculares em exame. Educ Rev. 2017;63:173-90.Smolka ALB, Laplane ALF, Magiolino LLS, Dainez D. O problema da avaliação das habilidades socioemocionais como política pública: explicitando controvérsias e argumentos. Educ Soc. 2015;36(130):219-42.Gondim SMG, Morais FA, Brantes CAA. Socio-emotional competences: a key factor on the development of work competences. Rev Psicol Organ Trab. 2014;14(4):394-406.Rosendo D, Lapa FB. 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