Articles de revues : « Military nursing – history »

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Seok, Hojeong. « A Study on the Reinforcement of Military Practical Nursing English in the Armed Forces Nursing Academy : Focusing on TOEIC and Military Practical Nursing English Scores ». J-Institute 7, n^o 2 (30 septembre 2022) : 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/military.2022.7.2.19.

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Aebersold, Michelle. « The History of Simulation and Its Impact on the Future ». AACN Advanced Critical Care 27, n^o 1 (1 février 2016) : 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2016436.

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Simulation has had a long and varied history in many different fields, including aviation and the military. A look into the past to briefly touch on some of the major historical aspects of simulation in aviation, military, and health care will give readers a broader understanding of simulation’s historical roots and the relationship to patient safety. This review may also help predict what the future may hold for simulation in nursing. Health care, like aviation, is driven by safety, more specifically patient safety. As the link between simulation and patient safety becomes increasingly apparent, simulation will be adopted as the education and training method of choice for such critical behaviors as communication and teamwork skills.

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Spinney, Erin. « Bacteria and Bayonets : The Impact of Disease in American Military History ». Nursing History Review 26, n^o 1 (janvier 2018) : 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.26.1.222.

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Butyrskii, A. G., I. B. Butyrskaia et S. S. Khil’ko. « FORMATION OF NURSING WITHIN SEBASTOPOL DEFENCE 1854-1855 ». Marine Medicine 6, n^o 5(S) (20 janvier 2021) : 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-s-15-20.

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The article is devoted to one of the brightest pages in the history of military medicine — medical maintenance of the Crimean War. Shows the reasons that prompted women to glorious acts — care for the wounded in the theater of combat operations. One emphasized the priority of domestic nurses of mercy in rendering assistance on the battlefield.

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Maiocco, Gina, Billie Vance et Toni Dichiacchio. « Readiness of Non-Veteran Health Administration Advanced Practice Registered Nurses to Care for Those Who Have Served : A Multimethod Descriptive Study ». Policy, Politics, & ; Nursing Practice 21, n^o 2 (mai 2020) : 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154420923749.

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Federal, state, and educational policy, as well as public and professional initiatives, should influence how care is delivered to veterans from non-Veteran Health Administration (VHA) advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) located in civilian health care facilities. Due to the MISSION Act, more veterans are receiving care outside the VHA, but little is known about the readiness of APRNs to address the needs of this population. This mixed-methods study describes the perceptions of 340 non-VHA APRNs concerning practice, clinical needs, and challenges they face while delivering care to veterans. Survey results show only 8% of APRNs consistently asked about military service; less than 1% asked if the patient has a family member with military history; and only 25% applied research by inquiring into military history when patients presented with conditions like chronic pain, interpersonal violence, or insomnia. Technology use via mobile application was minimally reported (<1%). “Missing in Action,” the overarching theme from qualitative data, included three subthemes: (a) absence facilitated collaboration with VHA, (b) concerns regarding personal competency in the care of the military person, and (c) lack of recognition of the significance of the need to know about military status. Practice implications proffered include implementation of mandatory inquiry into military service and enactment of APRN veteran-centric nursing competencies. Education actions involve updating graduate nursing programs to include veteran health content and increased policy awareness. Future research should encompass replication of this study in specific APRN roles and consist of ongoing evaluation of veteran care by the civilian sector as the MISSION Act is implemented.

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Rominger, Chris. « NURSING TRANSGRESSIONS, EXPLORING DIFFERENCE : NORTH AFRICANS IN FRENCH MEDICAL SPACES DURING WORLD WAR I ». International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, n^o 4 (novembre 2018) : 691–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000880.

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AbstractThis article explores the social impact of North African soldiers’ experiences in French military hospitals during World War I. In particular, it examines improvised “Muslim hospitals” that were opened in order to isolate North Africans from French civilian society. Colonial and military officials believed that North Africans, presumed to be warlike, pathogenic, and promiscuous, could corrupt and be corrupted by the French public. Yet while existing literature tends to highlight the dehumanization of North Africans at the hands of military and medical authorities, this article, drawing from personal correspondence, photographs, and military and medical records, reveals a more ambiguous daily reality. I argue that the individual needs and desires of wounded North Africans and of French nurses, as well as material limitations and contingencies, created spaces for an unprecedented series of humanizing personal encounters. In military-medical “colonies within the metropole,” these soldiers found themselves caught between a newfound sense of affinity with the French public and a starker sense of the boundaries of colonial practice.

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Han, Jung-jin. « The Lived Experience of Korean Female Military Nursing Officers During the Vietnam War ». Journal of Transcultural Nursing 30, n^o 5 (19 décembre 2018) : 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659618818713.

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Introduction: Between 1964 and 1973, more than 550 Korean female nursing officers were deployed to the Vietnam War as part of the Korean military. Their achievements were overshadowed by the male combat troops. The purpose of this study was to explore the essence of their lived experiences. Method: Using the hermeneutic phenomenological approach, the data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 Korean female nursing officers who were deployed to the Vietnam War. Results: Seven essential themes were derived: Enduring confusion, Being devoted to duty, Establishing deep comradeship, Realizing the dark side of war, Being discriminated against as female, Achieving and being rewarded, and Growing as leaders. Conclusion: This study acquired valuable data on nursing history and useful information on the psychological, physical, and environmental difficulties that could be faced by female nurses working in conflicts, wars, and disaster situations.

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Vining, Margaret, et Barton C. Hacker. « From Camp Follower to Lady in Uniform : Women, Social Class and Military Institutions before 1920 ». Contemporary European History 10, n^o 3 (26 octobre 2001) : 353–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777301003022.

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In the crisis of the First World War, the vast expansion of military control over civil society included women's work. Women contributed not only directly to war production but also to maintaining the entire socioeconomic structure in jobs such as trolley conductor or farm worker. Hundreds and thousands of women volunteered for war work in social and relief organisations. If their work under wartime conditions did not differ radically from the centuries-old tradition of nursing and other forms of care-giving, the considerable human force they now brought to military support work raised to a new level the debate over the proper role of women in modern democratic society. And whether members of the armed forces, employees or civilian volunteers, they all wore uniforms.

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Dittmar, Sharon S., Marietta P. Stanton, Mary Ann Jezewski et Suzanne S. Dickerson. « Images and sensations of war : A common theme in the history of military nursing ». Health Care for Women International 17, n^o 1 (janvier 1996) : 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399339609516221.

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Harari, Reut. « Between trust and violence : medical encounters under Japanese military occupation during the War in China (1937–1945) ». Medical History 64, n^o 4 (octobre 2020) : 494–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2020.44.

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AbstractDuring the War in China (1937–1945), the Japanese military combined warfare with the maintenance of a military occupation. To sustain its tentative grasp over the occupied territories, the Japanese military vied to cultivate trust among the local population. This was a challenging task in the midst of a violent war which as many historical works described was accompanied by brutal war crimes. A less explored aspect of the occupation was medical care. This article unfolds this history by analysing medical encounters between Japanese military medics and military affiliated agents, and members of the local population in the rural Chinese countryside. Testimonies reveal that these encounters – some spontaneous and others deliberate – were small moments of humanity and benevolence within a violent environment. Concomitantly, they demonstrate the overarching tension in this unequal encounter and the use of medicine as a pacifying tool that also served as means to build and maintain the occupation through the transference of medical trust towards the military at large. Thus, this article presents a different aspect of the role of trust and distrust in medical care, as well as expanding the analysis of medicine as a ‘tool of empire’ to the context of military occupation.

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Asberry, Cassandra, et Donny Copper. « The History of Vertical Flight and Air Medical Transport ». Critical Care Nursing Quarterly 47, n^o 2 (avril 2024) : 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnq.0000000000000497.

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Vertical flight was sought-after by scientists for centuries, finding early beginnings in children's toys and slowly developing into the modern helicopter. For centuries, true success was elusive, and many machines failed to achieve safe, controlled flight. Despite slow progress, vertical flight enthusiasts were unrelenting and continued trialing new concepts until one finally rose above the rest. As technology advanced, the critical role of helicopters in medical evacuation became apparent. Throughout recent history, continuous progress in vertical flight technology has led to widespread and multifaceted use of helicopters in civilian and military medical operations.

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DeNotto, Michael. « Medical Services and Warfare, Module II ». Charleston Advisor 23, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2021) : 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.23.2.16.

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Medical Services and Warfare (MSW) is a unique, interdisciplinary, and primary source-focused resource from Adam Matthew Digital that can support disciplines across academia including historical research, military history, gender studies, public health, nursing history, interdisciplinary studies, disability and disease studies, and any programs that look at the progress and advancement of medicine and medical technology. MSW offers collections of high quality materials that include government documents, correspondence, digitized books and periodicals, maps, images, historical objects, scientific notebooks, oral histories, ephemera, videos, contextualizing essays, and the handwritten text searchable papers of Florence Nightingale and Alexander Fleming. MSW and its two modules cover North American and European conflicts between 1850-1949, allowing the user to view military conflicts as a lens through which to examine medical technology and advancement.

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Orekhovsky, V. O. « The Crimean war (1853–1856) as a catalyst formation of nursing ». Вісник Київського національного лінгвістичного університету. Серія Історія, економіка, філософія, n^o 29 (26 avril 2024) : 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2412-9321.29.2024.301790.

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The purpose of the study is to highlight historical milestones and the main directions of activity of the Sisters of Mercy during the Crimean War (1853-1856). Methodology. In the research process, the path of dominance of the principles and methods of knowledge was chosen, the choice of which was determined by the approaches to the disclosure of the topic, the set tasks and the specificity of the sources. The principles of historicism and objectivity were used through the use of comparative-historical, retrospective, historical-chronological methods and the method of source integrity. As part of the study of the history of the formation of a centralized system of care for the wounded and sick, general scientific methods of research, such as induction and deduction, were used. The biographical method made it possible to investigate the main sanitary problems of the countries participating in the military events of 1853-1856 through the prism of the personal experience of the main reformers of military medicine in general and nursing in particular. Scientific novelty. Аnalyzed of the main areas of work of the Sisters of Mercy, highlights the impact that their activities had on the reform of both the military and sanitary departments of the warring countries, as well as on the improvement of the health care system as a whole. It has been proven that precisely the shortcomings of the military departments of the participating countries in the matter of the modern organization of the medical and sanitary economy contributed to the activation of the public initiative, the result of which was the fact of active participation of women in the care of the wounded and sick directly in the theater of combat. Research results. In today’s conditions, the conditions of the Ukrainian-Russian war, the issue of the organization of medical support for the Armed Forces of Ukraine is becoming extremely urgent. In this sense, the 170-year-old experience has not lost both its cognitive and practical significance. Study of the state of preparation of the military-sanitary structures of the warring parties on the eve of the Crimean War; the reasons that contributed to the active “participation” of the female part of society in helping the wounded and sick; the main directions of the activities of public forces during the war years are indispensable not only for solving purely military issues, they are important for finding ways to implement effective social policy in the future.

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Mackintosh, Alan. « Warfare and the launch of medical reform in Britain, 1793–1811 ». Medical History 65, n^o 3 (1 juin 2021) : 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2021.18.

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AbstractUntil the beginning of the nineteenth century, registering and regulating the training of any medical practitioners in Britain had rarely been attempted, unlike in many other European countries. During the Revolutionary War with France, fevers swept through British armies, leading to numerous fatalities and crushing military defeats, especially in the disastrous expedition to St Domingo. The problem, as forcibly advocated by Robert Jackson, the leading expert on military fevers, seemed to be poor medical care due to both lack of compulsory medical training and the unsuitability of whatever training was available for army medical practitioners. With the simultaneous rapid advance of French military and civilian medical training and the threat of a French invasion, regulating British medical training and excluding the unqualified became a military necessity, and suddenly medical reform was receiving widespread attention. Emphasising the benefits to the Britain’s fighting ability, the reform effort, led by Edward Harrison, a very provincial Lincolnshire physician, under the patronage of Sir Joseph Banks, the President of the Royal Society, gained the support of leading politicians, including three Prime Ministers. For a short time, comprehensive medical reform seemed inevitable: but the opposition of the medical corporations, especially the London College of Physicians, could not be circumvented, and although Harrison persisted in his efforts for 6 years, no legislation was achieved. Nevertheless, within months, the Association of Apothecaries continued the process by pressing for a more limited reform, culminating in the 1815 Apothecaries Act. The long march towards the full regulation of doctors in Britain was started by the perceived military needs of the country during the war with France.

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Roberts, Krista, Annette Jakubisin Konicki, Joy Elwell et Sean Collins. « Screening for Military Service History and Risk for Suicide in a Civilian Internal Medicine Clinic ». Journal for Nurse Practitioners 17, n^o 5 (mai 2021) : 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.01.011.

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Karageorgos, Effie. « Medical fears of the malingering soldier : ‘phony cronies’ and the Repat in 1960s Australia ». Medical History 67, n^o 2 (avril 2023) : 172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.19.

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AbstractThe fear of the malingering soldier or veteran has existed in Australia since its first nationwide military venture in South Africa. The establishment of the Repatriation Department in 1917 saw the medical, military and political fields work collectively, to some extent, to support hundreds of thousands of men who returned from their military service wounded or ill. Over the next decades the medical profession occasionally criticised the Repatriation Department’s alleged laxness towards soldier recipients of military pensions, particularly those with less visible war-related psychiatric conditions. In 1963 this reached a crescendo when a group of Australian doctors drew battle lines in the correspondence pages of the Medical Journal of Australia, accusing the Repatriation Department of directing a ‘national scandal’, and provoking responses by both the Minister for Repatriation and the Chairman of the War Pensions Assessment Appeal Tribunal. Although this controversy and its aftermath does allow for closer investigation of the inner workings of the Repatriation Department, the words of the doctors themselves about ‘phony cronies’, ‘deadbeats’ and ‘drongoes’ also reveal how the medical fear of the malingering soldier, and particularly the traumatised soldier-malingerer, lingered into the early 1960s and beyond. This paper will analyse the medical conceptualisation of the traumatised soldier in the 1960s in relation to historical conceptions of malingering, the increasingly tenuous position of psychiatry, as well as the socio-medical ‘sick role’, and will explore possible links with the current soldier and veteran suicide crisis in Australia.

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Joy, Robert J. T. « From Shell Shock to Combat Stress : A Comparative History of Military Psychiatry (review) ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 75, n^o 3 (2001) : 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2001.0123.

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Ayala, Ricardo A., Markus Thulin et E. Rocío Núñez. « Cold Interests, Hot Conflicts : How a Professional Association Responded to a Change in Political Regimes ». Nursing History Review 27, n^o 1 (2019) : 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.27.57.

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In South America, the 1970s began with ardent sociopolitical crises leading to a wave of repressive military regimes. In Chile, most professional bodies suffered profound structural and functional modifications resulting from internal political polarization as well as state intervention. Nurses saw the same fate befall them, which created both a historical blackout and abrupt changes in power dynamics. Given the prominence of this process in the reconfiguration of modern nursing’s identity, this article traces the association’s political process during the short-lived 1970s Marxist-inspired government and the response of nurses collectively to the rapid shift into a repressive regime leading to a profound internal crisis and an identity break-up within nursing. By using archival sources and oral testimonies1 of 1970s and 1980s nurses, we reconstruct a historical account of a key period in the history of the country that for the nurses meant a progression of discord and division along with a self-imposed silence on the past. In so doing, the article adds to a growing literature on the participation of women in political life.

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Richardson, Ravenel. « “My professional future can be lost in a minute” : Re-examining the Gender Dynamics of US Army Nursing during the Second World War ». International Journal of Military History and Historiography 39, n^o 2 (10 octobre 2019) : 232–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683302-03902005.

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Celebrations of Second World War nurses as virtuous, angelic heroines have elided the complex realities of nurses’ lives during this time of extreme social upheaval. Nurses’ sexuality has remained a taboo subject in scholarly examinations of their wartime service, while the pregnancies of nurses – who were not allowed to marry – were intentionally omitted from the official military record. This article significantly revises our understanding of Second World War nursing by examining the letters of two American women who embarked on romantic relationships that resulted in pregnancy and their subsequent discharge from the US Army. Through critical feminist analysis, it investigates how both women navigated their personal lives and shifting gender roles during and post-war. An examination of their radical choices and experiences discloses the hidden history of unmarried, pregnant nurses returning from the Second World War and how the US military dealt with those nurses and their children.

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Watkins, PeterJ, et Valerie J. Watkins. « Alice Welford (1887–1918), a nurse in World War I : The impact of kindness and compassion ». Journal of Medical Biography 25, n^o 1 (9 juillet 2016) : 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772015575881.

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The contribution of nurses to the morale of wounded and dying young men during World War 1 was immense. Alice Welford came from the small North Yorkshire village of Crathorne, joined the Queen Alexandra Imperial Military Nursing Service in 1915 and spent the following two and one half years in nursing casualties from some of the fiercest battles of the war including Gallipoli and Salonika. She kept an autograph book inscribed by wounded and dying soldiers, with poignant verses and humorous drawings showing love, wit and tragedy. Despite the dreadful conditions, kindness and compassion brought them comfort and raised their morale – a critical message for today, and Alice’s gift to us from World War I.

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George, Preethi Mariam, et John Bosco Lourdusamy. « Trained Army Nurses in Colonial India : Early Experiences and Challenges ». Medical History 67, n^o 4 (octobre 2023) : 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.31.

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AbstractThe paper examines the introduction of trained female nurses for the British army men in colonial India between 1888 and 1920. It discusses the genesis of the Indian Nursing Service (INS), including the background and negotiations leading up to its formation, terms of employment, duties and working conditions of the nursing sisters. The memoir of Catharine Grace Loch, who served as the first Chief Lady Superintendent of the service is used extensively to trace the early experiences and challenges of the nursing sisters. The paper primarily argues that the INS being a new service, the colonial government maintained tight control over its functioning, and extreme conservatism in spending, thus retarding the growth of professional army nursing in India. Secondly, in examining the relations between the sisters and the (male) nursing orderlies, sub-medical and medical officers, the paper argues that the inadequate delineation of the nursing sisters’ position in the military medical hierarchy was an important reason for the undermining of their expertise and status. Thirdly, the paper contends that as an all-women service, nursing constituted an important avenue of female agency within the patriarchal colonial establishment, which subjected the sisters to scrutiny both professionally and socially. The paper analyses the resultant conditions and regulations imposed on the sisters – most of them determined by gender and class notions. Finally, the paper discusses the gradual establishment and recognition of the service as an important cornerstone for the health of the army, while highlighting the shortcomings that yet persisted up until 1920.

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Stilwell, Kristine. « Review : The Navy’s First Enlisted Women : Patriotic Pioneers ». DttP : Documents to the People 47, n^o 3 (12 septembre 2019) : 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v47i3.7119.

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That women served in every military conflict in the history of the United States is common knowledge—but that women performed duties other than nursing during the First World War may come as a surprise to some. Regina Akers, a historian with the Naval History and Heritage Command, describes the service of the more than eleven thousand women that enlisted in the Naval Costal Defense Reserve during the Great War in The Navy’s First Enlisted Women: Patriotic Pioneers. She also details the meaning of their contributions to the war effort both at home and overseas. By working as clerks, typists, stenographers, translators, cryptologists, messengers, and even designers of camouflage for ships, these women volunteers freed up men for sea duty and combat.

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Lockertsen, Jan-Thore, Åshild Fause et Christine E. Hallett. « The Norwegian Mobile Army Surgical Hospital in the Korean War (1951–1954) : Military Hospital or Humanitarian “Sanctuary?” ». Nursing History Review 28, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2019) : 93–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.28.93.

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During the Korean War (1950–1953) the Norwegian government sent a mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) to support the efforts of the United Nations (UN) Army. From the first, its status was ambiguous. The US-led military medical services believed that the “Norwegian Mobile Army Surgical Hospital” (NORMASH) was no different from any other MASH; but both its originators and its staff regarded it as a vehicle for humanitarian aid. Members of the hospital soon recognized that their status in the war zone was primarily that of a military field hospital. Yet they insisted on providing essential medical care to the local civilian population as well as trauma care to UN soldiers and prisoners of war. The ambiguities that arose from the dual mission of NORMASH are explored in this article, which pays particular attention to the experiences of nurses, as expressed in three types of source: their contemporary letters to their Matron-in-Chief; a report written by one nurse shortly after the war; and a series of oral history interviews conducted approximately 60 years later. The article concludes that the nurses of NORMASH experienced no real role-conflict. They viewed it as natural that they should offer their services to both military and civilian casualties according to need, and they experienced a sense of satisfaction from their work with both types of patient. Ultimately, the experience of Norwegian nurses in Korea illustrates the powerful sense of personal agency that could be experienced by nurses in forward field hospitals, where political decision-making did not impinge too forcefully on their clinical and ethical judgment as clinicians.

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Hallarman, Lynn, et Clare Kearns. « The Military History as a Vehicle for Exploring End-of-Life Care with Veterans #152 ». Journal of Palliative Medicine 11, n^o 1 (janvier 2008) : 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2008.9991.

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Gallien, Kathryn N. « “Agents of Change” in Maternal and Infant Care : Matronas, Parteras, and Public Health in Bolivia, 1950s–1970s ». Hispanic American Historical Review 101, n^o 4 (1 novembre 2021) : 629–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-9366597.

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Abstract In the 1950s and 1960s young women could study to become obstetric midwives (matronas) at two Bolivian universities. After the 1952 Bolivian Revolution, public health officials saw matronas' work in mining areas and rural public health programs as part of the government's effort to assimilate Indigenous Bolivians into a mestizo national culture, by reforming Indigenous mothers and eliminating demand for Andean midwives (parteras). By the 1970s, a military dictatorship had replaced the revolutionary government, and nursing schools had replaced midwifery programs. The last cohort of matronas now found jobs in public health offering trainings to parteras. Based on oral histories of matronas and parteras, this article examines these women's personal experiences with midwifery and public health. It argues that matronas and parteras shaped public maternal and infant care programs and contributed to the persistence of multiple forms of childbirth assistance in Bolivia.

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Gariepy, Thomas P. « Bullets and Bacilli : The Spanish-American War and Military Medicine (review) ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 79, n^o 2 (2005) : 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2005.0066.

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Fairman, Julie. « They Called Them Angels : American Military Nurses of World War II (review) ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 77, n^o 2 (2003) : 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2003.0062.

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Khan, Sanaullah. « Medicine and the critique of war : military psychiatry, social classification and the malingering patient in colonial India ». Medical History 66, n^o 1 (janvier 2022) : 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2021.38.

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AbstractThe treatment of injured Indian soldiers in Britain during WWI deployed particular ways of recording injuries and using them to make judgments about loyalty to the Imperial Army by assessing the soldier’s ability to malinger. This was possible by using personal correspondences between soldiers and their families for ethnographic ends ie. to determine susceptibility to develop mental illness through a soldier’s ethnic background and whether he was from the so-called ‘martial races’ or not. This classificatory knowledge as well as the suspicion towards exaggerated symptoms was also inherited by Indian psychiatry after partition. However, while these psychiatrists reproduced some colonial biases about susceptibility of illness, they were much more receptive to considering the social experience of patients including their kinship relations at home and in the military. By the end of WWII, symptoms came to be regarded as signs of recovery and readjustment to social relations to make a case for the lasting impacts of war on the soldier’s mental and physical health.

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Linton, Derek S. « "War Dysentery" and the Limitations of German Military Hygiene during World War I ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 84, n^o 4 (décembre 2010) : 607–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2010.a408205.

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Siddiqi, Fuad Ahmad, Naeem ul Hassan, Bismillah Sehar, Javed Ahmad Khan, Faryal Asmat, Tariq Bashir Tareen et Fayyaz Hassan. « Presentation of COVID 19 Patients : An Experience at Military Hospital Rawalpindi ». Life and Science 3, n^o 2 (7 avril 2022) : 05. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.213.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to document the initial presentation of COVID 19 cases reporting to hospital.Study Design: Cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at COVID-19 ward of Tertiary care hospital, Rawalpindi from May to June 2020.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 647 patients admitted at COVID-19 ward. Data was collected from the patient’s presenting complaints, history taking, examination, charts, treatment and nursing records. Pattern of clinical presentation was taken as the presenting symptoms and signs of the patients. They were grouped as mild, moderate and severe by chest computed tomography severity score. The data was presented as frequency distribution tables.Results: Out of 647 patients 84% were male while 16% were females.48.5% of the cases were asymptomatic while 41.5% cases were having symptoms. The most common clinical presentation was fever (38%) followed by dry cough (32.9%), fatigue (31.1%), productive cough (25.3%) and headache (24.7%). Majority of the patients (71.8%) presented with mild severity on HRCT.Conclusion: This study gives the insight into the clinical picture of the patients presenting with COVID-19. Majority of the patients presented with the mild to moderate severity. Many patients being asymptomatic are overlooked and become carrier for COVID-19 Disease. How to cite this: Siddiqui FA, Hassan N, Sehar B, Khan JA, Asmat F. Presentation of COVID 19 Patients: An Experience at Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Life and Science. 2022; 3(2): 65-69. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.213 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

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Harrison, Mark, et Sung Vin Yim. « War on Two Fronts : The Fight against Parasites in Korea and Vietnam ». Medical History 61, n^o 3 (12 juin 2017) : 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2017.35.

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The Vietnam War has long been regarded as pivotal in the history of the Republic of Korea, although its involvement in this conflict remains controversial. While most scholarship has focused on the political and economic ramifications of the war – and allegations of brutality by Korean troops – few scholars have considered the impact of the conflict upon medicine and public health. This article argues that the war had a transformative impact on medical careers and public health in Korea, and that this can be most clearly seen in efforts to control parasitic diseases. These diseases were a major drain on military manpower and a matter of growing concern domestically. The deployment to Vietnam boosted research into parasitic diseases of all kinds and accelerated the domestic campaign to control malaria and intestinal parasites. It also had a formative impact upon the development of overseas aid.

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Selišnik, Irena. « Skrb v službi vojne : bolniške strežnice na Kranjskem ». Contributions to Contemporary History 55, n^o 2 (16 octobre 2015) : 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51663/pnz.55.2.05.

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HEALTH CARE IN THE SERVICE OF WAR: WAR NURSES IN CARNIOLAEven before World War I an ongoing discussion took place in Austria whether medical nurses should be mobilised to take care for wounded soldiers in case of extensive military conflict, natural disasters or epidemics. After the outbreak of the Great War the Austrian authorities encouraged the professionalisation of nursing, and especially women were invited to join. Special conditions for schooling were enacted and the first courses were opened at local hospitals. In the Austrian Monarchy, Carniola was no exception. The Red Cross organised special courses for nurses with the promise of salary, retirement benefits and possibility of vacation. Austrian propaganda portrayed war nurses as heroines, and at least part of the public perceived them as a personification of motherly care and love which could be compared with the sacrifices of the soldiers. However, war nurses also represented modern women who successfully avoided social control and headed towards imminent danger in the battlefield. In the public doubts about their morality emerged, as nurses had direct contact with soldiers and were especially close to doctors. With their presence they invaded the dichotomy between public/battlefront-private/home front. The image of war nurses clearly reveals the awkward relationships between the attitudes to war and women as well as the rapidly changing values in times of war.

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Braun, Tosca D., Lisa A. Uebelacker, Mariana Ward, Cathryn Glanton Holzhauer, Kelly McCallister et Ana Abrantes. « “We really need this” : Trauma-informed yoga for Veteran women with a history of military sexual trauma ». Complementary Therapies in Medicine 59 (juin 2021) : 102729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102729.

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Romaine-Davis, Ada. « Book Review : No Time for Fear : Voices of American Military Nurses in World War II ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 71, n^o 4 (1997) : 743–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.1997.0145.

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Linton, Derek S. « The Obscure Object of Knowledge : German Military Medicine Confronts Gas Gangrene during World War I ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 74, n^o 2 (2000) : 291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2000.0081.

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Llewellyn, Craig H. « Military Medicine to Win Hearts and Minds : Aid to Civilians in the Vietnam War (review) ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 80, n^o 4 (2006) : 795–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2006.0135.

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Kalinich, John F., Elizabeth A. Vane, Jose A. Centeno, Joanna M. Gaitens, Katherine S. Squibb, Melissa A. McDiarmid et Christine E. Kasper. « Embedded Metal Fragments ». Annual Review of Nursing Research 32, n^o 1 (octobre 2014) : 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.32.63.

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The continued evolution of military munitions and armor on the battlefield, as well as the insurgent use of improvised explosive devices, has led to embedded fragment wounds containing metal and metal mixtures whose long-term toxicologic and carcinogenic properties are not as yet known. Advances in medical care have greatly increased the survival from these types of injuries. Standard surgical guidelines suggest leaving embedded fragments in place, thus individuals may carry these retained metal fragments for the rest of their lives. Nursing professionals will be at the forefront in caring for these wounded individuals, both immediately after the trauma and during the healing and rehabilitation process. Therefore, an understanding of the potential health effects of embedded metal fragment wounds is essential. This review will explore the history of embedded fragment wounds, current research in the field, and Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs guidelines for the identification and long-term monitoring of individuals with embedded fragments.

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Ramos, Marco A. « Psychiatry, Authoritarianism, and Revolution : The Politics of Mental Illness during Military Dictatorships in Argentina, 1966–1983 ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 87, n^o 2 (2013) : 250–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2013.0029.

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Kyllingstad, Jon Røyne. « The Body Populace : Military Statistics and Demography in Europe before the First World War by Heinrich Hartmann ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 94, n^o 1 (2020) : 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2020.0025.

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Joy, Robert J. T. « "Medic" ; : The Mission of an American Military Doctor in Occupied Japan and Wartorn Korea (review) ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 73, n^o 4 (1999) : 739–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.1999.0173.

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Havrylenko, O. A. « Determining the status of prisoners of war in customary law and legislation of the Muscovite kingdom of the 15th-early 18th centuries ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n^o 5 (17 novembre 2023) : 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.6.

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The article is devoted to highlighting the processes of formation of the specifics of the status of captives according to the norms of customary law and legislation of the Muscovy kingdom (Moscow state) during the 15th - early 18th centuries. The relevance of addressing these issues is due to the fact that the customs and views developed at that time, as well as the norms of positive law, still determine the peculiarities of the attitude of Russians towards prisoners, which is largely determined by the specifics of the national mentality and legal tradition. It is shown that the attitude towards captured foreigners, the legal basis of their status in the Muscovite Empire were laid down in the course of the formation and development of customary law, which was formed long before the period considered in this article. It is emphasized that since in the 15th - at the beginning of the 18th century. before there was a division into combatants and noncombatants, the terms "prisoners" and "captives" meant both captured soldiers of the enemy army and representatives of the civilian population who were deprived of personal freedom and found themselves under the complete power of the enemy. Captives were divided into "state” and "private”, although specific subgroups can be identified within these groups depending on the peculiarities of their legal status. The status of prisoners in the Muscovite Empire was determined primarily by customary law, although over time, acts of legislation appeared that contained norms aimed at regulating the legal status of prisoners. A vivid example of such legislation is the Senate decree of November 27, 1717 "On the prohibition of baptizing and marrying Swedish prisoners of war.” It is noted that a valuable source for elucidating the complex of customs regarding the treatment of captives can be considered the works of European diplomats, merchants, and soldiers who had been in the Moscow state for a long time and were well acquainted with local orders. They contain interesting information on ethnopsychology, the history of diplomacy, as well as the history of law. The value of this historical source is enhanced by the fact that the observations, facts and considerations given in it are confirmed by other sources. A conclusion was made about a certain continuity in the national character of the population of modern Russia, customs that, even now, under the conditions of the spread of legal nihilism in Russian society, largely regulate the behavior and activities of citizens of the Russian Federation, in particular, military personnel, mercenaries of private military companies, etc.

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Meberg, Justine. « Murder Most Fowl ». Teaching History : A Journal of Methods 48, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2023) : 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.48.1.106-124.

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This is the story of how I fell in love with teaching. It might have happened for many reasons—the mentoring, the fellowship, the special moments where learning happens—but in the end, it was the ducks. I was in the archives at the United States Military Academy, fitting in dissertation research between classes and meetings with cadets, when I found the letters. In the fall of 1841, five cadets nursing offenses to their honor wrote to Secretary of War John Spencer to protest the Superintendent’s alleged abuse of his authority in investigating the disappearance of several ducks. When Major Richard Delafield learned that cadets had stolen the birds from his property, he resolved to find the criminals. But when he began to ask questions, several cadets refused to answer, citing the potential for self-incrimination. This essay describes how I used the letters to engage students in ways that fostered personal connections to history. It concludes with an original one-shot role-playing game, populated with little-known historical figures and places, where readers play as ducks on a quest for vengeance.

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Schuh-Renner, Anna, Michelle Canham-Chervak, Darren W. Hearn, P. Ann Loveless et Bruce H. Jones. « Factors Associated With Injury Among Employees at a U.S. Army Hospital ». Workplace Health & ; Safety 66, n^o 7 (14 décembre 2017) : 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079917736069.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate injury incidence and factors associated with injury among employees at a large U.S. Army hospital to inform injury prevention planning and health promotion education efforts. Demographics, health behaviors, and injury history were collected by survey from hospital employees between October and December 2014. Descriptive statistics were reported and factors associated with injury were determined using multiple logistic regression. Respondents (380; 56% females, 44% males; 54% active duty military, 45% civilians) reported a prevalence of unhealthy behaviors (e.g., not enough exercise [58%] and poor sleeping habits [49%]). Nearly half of respondents (47%) reported at least one occupational injury in the past 12 months. Leading mechanisms of injuries were repetitive overuse (36%), falls (15%), and single twisting movement/overexertion (14%). Leading activities at the time of injury were physical training (24%), walking/hiking (15%), and lifting or moving objects (11%). Factors associated with injury included active duty military status, less education, tobacco use, overuse of alcohol or drugs, and stress. Health education efforts and materials intended for hospital staff should incorporate identified modifiable injury risk factors (e.g., alcohol and drug use, stress, tobacco use, poor sleep). Injury prevention initiatives should focus on physical training, walking/hiking, and lifting. Establishment of surveillance and routine review of employee injury, illness, and health behavior data are recommended to monitor program effects and collect data necessary to inform future prevention priorities and planning.

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Garibian, Taline. « Pain, medicine and the monitoring of war violence : the case of rifle bullets (1868–1918) ». Medical History 66, n^o 2 (avril 2022) : 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2022.4.

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AbstractThe St Petersburg declaration, signed in 1868, is a milestone in the history of warfare and humanitarian law, as it prohibits the use of explosive bullets, which are considered to cause unnecessary suffering. As this article shows, the framing of this declaration that put suffering at its centre, as well as the development of the humanitarian movement, favoured the birth of a new field of expertise: wound ballistics. The wars that broke out after the declaration was signed are the subject of intense scrutiny, while the advances in weaponry, and notably, the creation by the British of a new expansive bullet, provided physicians with new fields of investigation. Numerous experiments have attempted to reproduce the effects of bullets on different materials, including corpses. Based on numerous medical reports and publications, as well as military archives from France and the United Kingdom, this investigation critically examines the notion of pain, its assessment and its use in the monitoring of war violence. It argues that, paradoxically, the greater attention paid to suffering has resulted in a need to objectify pain. This rationalisation and the quest for the quantification of suffering have not been without bias and have shifted attention away from care and treatment.

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Heydon, Susan. « Death of the King : The Introduction of Vaccination into Nepal in 1816 ». Medical History 63, n^o 1 (17 décembre 2018) : 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.61.

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This article explores the introduction of smallpox vaccination into Nepal in 1816 at the request of the Nepalese government; the king, however, was not vaccinated, contracted the disease and died. British hopes that vaccination would be extended throughout the country did not eventuate. The article examines the significance of this early appearance of vaccination in Nepal for both Nepalese and British, and relates it to the longer history of smallpox control and eventual eradication. When the Nepalese requested World Health Organization (WHO) assistance with communicable disease control in the mid-twentieth century little had changed for most Nepalese. We know about the events in 1816 through the letters of the newly imposed British Resident after Nepal’s military defeat in the Anglo-Nepal War (1814–16). By also drawing on other sources and foregrounding Nepal, it becomes possible to build up a more extensive picture of smallpox in Nepal that shows not only boundaries and limits to colonial authority and influence but also how governments may adopt and use technologies on their own terms and for their own purposes. Linking 1816 to the ultimately successful global eradication programme 150 years later reminds us of the need to think longer term as to why policies and programmes may or may not work as planned.

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Setiawan, Henri, et Suhanda Suhanda. « Nursing Profession in Times of War and Humanity : Insights from Siti Rufaidah's Legacy ». Genius Journal 4, n^o 2 (9 décembre 2023) : 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56359/gj.v4i2.310.

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In armed conflicts, innocent people are often the victims of violence and brutality. War not only destroys infrastructure and the environment, but also destroys human morals and ethics. However, there are several humanitarian principles that must be upheld. These principles are set out in the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, which form the basis of international humanitarian law. However, in reality there are still many countries that violate these principles. Violence and abuse against civilians, prisoners of war, and the injured continue to occur in many conflicts around the world. Nurse is a health profession that has an important role in war. They work on the front lines to provide medical care to victims of conflict, including military troops, prisoners of war, and civilians injured or sick as a result of the conflict. Nurses performed a variety of tasks during war, including treating patients with gun wounds, preparing medical equipment, taking blood samples for diagnosis, and providing psychological assistance to patients traumatized by the conflict. In the history of Islam and world civilization, many wars occurred during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Siti Rufaidah was one of the well-known nurse figures at that time and was often present in providing medical assistance to war victims. One of the proofs of her patentability in the world of nursing is during the Khandaq war. Siti Rufaidah at that time treated Sa'ad bin Muadz who was injured by an arrow until his condition stabilized and improved. The presence of Siti Rufaidah has had a huge impact on the development of the nursing profession in the Islamic world, and even today. She is a role model for Muslim nurses around the world.

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Kim, Hoi-eun. « Cure for Empire : The ‘Conquer-Russia-Pill’, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers, and the Making of Patriotic Japanese, 1904–45 ». Medical History 57, n^o 2 (21 mars 2013) : 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2012.105.

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AbstractSeirogan, a popular anti-diarrhoeal pill, is arguably one of the most successful pharmaceutical products of modern Japan. What is less known is that the Japanese army initially developedSeiroganduring the Russo-Japanese War as the ‘Conquer-Russia-Pill’, which was later marketed to the public by private manufacturers. Previous scholars have emphasised the top–down governmental method of mobilising private sectors to manipulate public opinion for the cause of external imperialist expansion and domestic stability during wartime Japan. But the matrix that the Conquer-Russia-Pill allows us to glimpse is an inverted power relation among the state, commercial sectors, and imperial citizens. While the Japanese government remained indifferent if not hostile to jingoistic pharmaceutical manufacturers who could easily disrupt international relations, pharmaceutical companies quickly recognised and exploited the opportunities that the Conquer-Russia-Pill and its symbolism provided under the banner of the empire. In turn, Japanese consumers reacted to commercial sermons carefully anchored in patriotic and militaristic discourses and images by opening their wallets. In other words, the popularity of the Conquer-Russia-Pill was a culmination of the convergence of a governmental initiative to enhance military capabilities, the commercial ingenuity of pharmaceutical manufacturers, and a consumer response to patriotic exhortations.

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Demaitre, Luke. « Leper Hospitals in Medieval Ireland : with a Short Account of the Military and Hospitaller Order of St Lazarus of Jerusalem ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 72, n^o 3 (1998) : 537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.1998.0138.

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McKay, Alex. « ‘It seems he is an Enthusiast about Tibet’ : Lieutenant-Colonel James Guthrie, OBE (1906–71) ». Journal of Medical Biography 13, n^o 3 (août 2005) : 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200501300305.

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Of the more than 20 officers of the Indian Medical Service who served in Tibet during 1904–50, when British Indian diplomats were stationed in that Himalayan state, James Guthrie was perhaps the most successful both in gaining the goodwill of the Tibetans and in advancing the reputation of medicine there. A Scotsman, Guthrie served in various military hospitals in India before his posting to Gyantse in southern Tibet in 1934–36, and during World War II he rose to be Assistant Director of Medical Services at the 10th Army headquarters in Teheran and Baghdad. Guthrie preferred the more remote imperial postings, however, and in 1945 he was posted to the Tibetan capital of Lhasa as Medical Officer to the British mission there. With his wife, who had nursing experience, he remained there until 1949, enjoying the variety of medical challenges and displaying an ability to accommodate Tibetan cultural beliefs within the practice of medicine. After service in Kuwait he returned to the UK, where he practised in the Shetland Islands for five years before establishing his own practice near Lyme Regis, where he died in 1971.

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Angela N. H. Creager. « Under the Radar : Cancer and the Cold War, and : Contested Medicine : Cancer Research and the Military (review) ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine 84, n^o 1 (2010) : 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.0.0307.

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