Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Migratory return »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Migratory return"
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Moore, Joseph D., et David G. Krementz. « Migratory connectivity of american woodcock using band return data ». Journal of Wildlife Management 81, no 6 (19 avril 2017) : 1063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21269.
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Moran-Taylor, Michelle J. « Going North, coming South : Guatemalan migratory flows ». MIGRATION LETTERS 6, no 2 (28 octobre 2009) : 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v6i2.74.
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Understanding the return aspect of international migration is vital because returnees replete with new ideas, perceptions on life, and monies affect every dimension of social life in migrants’ places of origin. Yet, return migration remains uneven and an understudied aspect of migratory flows because migration scholars have privileged why individuals migrate, the underlying motivations for their moves abroad, and how migrants assimilate and succeed in their destinations abroad. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article addresses the migratory flows of Ladino and Mayan Guatemalans: those who go North, but in particular, those who come South. And in doing so, it highlights their similar and divergent responses towards migration processes.
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González, Betsabé Román, Eduardo Carrillo Cantú et Rubén Hernández-León. « Moving to the ‘Homeland’ ». Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 32, no 2 (2016) : 252–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mex.2016.32.2.252.
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A growing number of minors have become part of the return migratory flow from the United States to Mexico. Based on a longitudinal study started in 2012, this article uses life-history narratives to analyze the return experiences of three children who arrived in the state of Morelos, Mexico, between 2010 and 2012. The findings presented here focus on a specific segment of the children’s migratory journey: leaving the United States, crossing the border and arriving in Morelos. The article contributes to the scholarship on children’s narratives of migration, which has been under-emphasized in traditional studies of United States-Mexico migration. Un número creciente de menores de edad forma parte del flujo migratorio de retorno de Estados Unidos a México. Con base en un estudio longitudinal iniciado en el 2012, este artículo hace uso de las historias de vida para analizar las experiencias de retorno de tres niños que llegaron al estado de Morelos, México, entre el 2010 y el 2012. Los resultados que se presentan están centrados en un segmento específico del recorrido migratorio de estos niños: partir de los Estados Unidos, cruzar la frontera y llegar a Morelos. Este artículo contribuye a los estudios migratorios centrados en la narrativa de los niños, la cual ha sido poco valorada en los estudios de migración entre Estados Unidos y México.
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Szente-Varga, Mónika, et Amadea Bata-Balog. « Return migration from Venezuela to Europe : Back to the Roots ? » Estudos Internacionais : revista de relações internacionais da PUC Minas 9, no 3 (30 novembre 2021) : 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2317-773x.2021v9n3p75-95.
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The exodus from Venezuela increased in intensity until the Covid-19 pandemic. Arrivals in Europe were significantly lower than in Latin America, but also grew and displayed a shift in composition, including a decreasing percentage of people with European origins. This study investigates migration from Venezuela to Spain, Italy and Hungary, in the 21st century. It begins with a detailed theoretical framework and then examines the particular migratory flows. The analysis covers the major features of these migration moves, including antecedents, reasons and motivations, size, geographical distribution and indicators related to integration. Mixed methods are used, both qualitative and quantitative. Findings show that current emigration from Venezuela to Spain, Italy and Hungary can be considered as return migration because original flows existed in the 19th and 20th centuries, and actual counterflows not only incorporate descendants of immigrants but are also based on the existing migratory systems and networks between these countries.
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Alger, Samantha A., P. Alexander Burnham, Zachary S. Lamas, Alison K. Brody et Leif L. Richardson. « Home sick : impacts of migratory beekeeping on honey bee (Apis mellifera) pests, pathogens, and colony size ». PeerJ 6 (2 novembre 2018) : e5812. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5812.
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Honey bees are important pollinators of agricultural crops and the dramatic losses of honey bee colonies have risen to a level of international concern. Potential contributors to such losses include pesticide exposure, lack of floral resources and parasites and pathogens. The damaging effects of all of these may be exacerbated by apicultural practices. To meet the pollination demand of US crops, bees are transported to areas of high pollination demand throughout the year. Compared to stationary colonies, risk of parasitism and infectious disease may be greater for migratory bees than those that remain in a single location, although this has not been experimentally established. Here, we conducted a manipulative experiment to test whether viral pathogen and parasite loads increase as a result of colonies being transported for pollination of a major US crop, California almonds. We also tested if they subsequently transmit those diseases to stationary colonies upon return to their home apiaries. Colonies started with equivalent numbers of bees, however migratory colonies returned with fewer bees compared to stationary colonies and this difference remained one month later. Migratory colonies returned with higher black queen cell virus loads than stationary colonies, but loads were similar between groups one month later. Colonies exposed to migratory bees experienced a greater increase of deformed wing virus prevalence and load compared to the isolated group. The three groups had similar infestations of Varroa mites upon return of the migratory colonies. However, one month later, mite loads in migratory colonies were significantly lower compared to the other groups, possibly because of lower number of host bees. Our study demonstrates that migratory pollination practices has varying health effects for honey bee colonies. Further research is necessary to clarify how migratory pollination practices influence the disease dynamics of honey bee diseases we describe here.
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Cormier, Renée L., Diana L. Humple, Thomas Gardali et Nathaniel E. Seavy. « Migratory connectivity of Golden-crowned Sparrows from two wintering regions in California ». Animal Migration 3, no 1 (26 août 2016) : 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ami-2016-0005.
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AbstractKnowledge of migratory connectivity is critical to understanding the consequences of habitat loss and climate change on migratory species. We used light-level geolocators to determine breeding locations and migratory routes of wintering Golden-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla) in two regions of California, USA. Eight out of 9 birds tagged at coastal-wintering sites in Marin County went to breeding sites along the Gulf Coast of Alaska, while 7 out of 8 inland-wintering birds in Placer County migrated to interior sites in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, and British Columbia, Canada. Our estimate of the strength of migratory connectivity was relatively high (rm = 0.66). Coastal-wintering birds followed a coastal migration route while inland-wintering birds migrated inland. Coastalwintering birds migrated significantly farther than inland birds (3,624 km versus 2,442 km). Coastal birds traveled at a greater rate during spring migration (179 km/d) than did inland birds (118 km/d), but there was no statistical difference in the rate of fall migration (167 km/d and 111 km/d, respectively). Dates of arrival and departure, and duration of spring and fall migration, did not differ between groups, nor did return rates. Rates of return also did not differ between tagged and control birds. The distinct migration routes and breeding areas suggests that there may be more structuring in the migratory geography of the Golden-crowned Sparrow than in a simple panmictic population.
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Coss, Derek A., Kevin E. Omland et Evangeline M. Rose. « Migratory return rates and breeding fidelity in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) ». Wilson Journal of Ornithology 131, no 3 (10 octobre 2019) : 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/18-181.
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Jara, Laura, Carlos Ruiz, Raquel Martín-Hernández, Irene Muñoz, Mariano Higes, José Serrano et Pilar De la Rúa. « The Effect of Migratory Beekeeping on the Infestation Rate of Parasites in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Colonies and on Their Genetic Variability ». Microorganisms 9, no 1 (23 décembre 2020) : 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010022.
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Migratory beekeeping is a widely extended practice aimed at increasing the yield of products and pollination services of honey bee colonies. However, it represents a stress factor, as it facilitates the dissemination of diseases and may compromise the genetic identity of the colonies involved. To analyze the extent of these effects, pathogens infestation rate and genetic composition were monitored in a field experiment comparing stationary and migratory colonies sharing the same environmental conditions but differing in management (stationary vs. migratory) and genetic background. We studied the pathogens infestation rate (Varroa destructor, Nosema spp., and Deformed Wing Virus (DWV)) at four different times: before migratory operation, two weeks later, at the end of the migratory period, and two weeks after the return of the migratory hives. An increased incidence of V. destructor and Nosema ceranae and a lower DWV viral load were found in migratory colonies. Temporary changes in genetic diversity were detected regardless of colony type, suggesting that stressors other than management affect the genetic diversity of the colonies. Our study demonstrates that migratory practices have variable effects on the health and genetic diversity of honey bee colonies, which should be taken into account for the development of sustainable beekeeping.
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Feng, H. Q., K. M. Wu, Y. X. Ni, D. F. Cheng et Y. Y. Guo. « Return migration ofHelicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) during autumn in northern China ». Bulletin of Entomological Research 95, no 4 (juillet 2005) : 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2005367.
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AbstractThe autumn migration ofHelicoverpa armigera(Hübner) was observed with radar and two types of light-trap at Langfang, Hebei province, China in 2001 and 2002. The sudden increase in the proportion ofH. armigeramoths in the searchlight trap indicated migration into the area and catches increased 10-fold during the second half of the night due to the landing of migrants before dawn. The moths’ migratory flights took place at up to 2000 m above the ground, and moths flew differentially at times, and heights, when favourable (i.e. northerly) winds occurred. This facilitated the maximum displacement of moths towards the south during these ‘return’ migrations. The moths flew over the radar site at consistently high densities through the night, and the resulting flight durations ofc. 10 h, at displacement speeds of 30–33 km h−1, would allow moths emerging in the far northeast of China (i.e. Liaoning and Jilin provinces and the Inner Mongolia autonomous region) to migrate into northern China (Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces). The association of the seasonal migratory movements ofH. armigerawith crops in northern China is briefly discussed.
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Espindola, Juan, et Mónica Jacobo-Suárez. « The ethics of return migration and education : transnational duties in migratory processes ». Journal of Global Ethics 14, no 1 (2 janvier 2018) : 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449626.2018.1498013.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Migratory return"
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Giannica, Davide. « Psychologie et psychopathologie de la migration de retour, du non-retour et de l’entre-deux migratoire ». Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131017.
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À partir des réalités croisées entre la France et l’Italie et des voyages exploratoires au Sénégal, le chercheur investigue l’enjeu fondamental du phénomène migratoire : le retour. Quel est son impact psychologique sur les individus et les populations concernés ? Comment le retour affecte les dynamiques intrapsychiques et intersubjectives ? L’étude a été effectuée à partir d’une enquête menée auprès de la population migrante sénégalaise déplacée en Europe. Trois terrains de recherche ont été menés au Sénégal entre 2014 et 2018. La recherche inclut les entretiens de 20 « migrants de retour » et de 11 informateurs privilégiés. La thèse est structurée en cinq parties. Le premier chapitre est dédié à l’analyse qualitative du matériel. Le chercheur recourt à la méthodologie inspirée par la Grounded Theory. Le second chapitre est consacré à revue de la littérature. Sa constitution a nécessité un effort majeur, car les études antérieures abordent les phénomènes sociaux et cliniques liés au « désir de retour » à partir de perspectives très hétérogènes. La présente recherche doctorale vise à une composition théorique apte à définir un tout nouveau champ d’investigations. Ceci est l’objet de la troisième partie de la thèse où le chercheur articule les notions émergentes de son analyse de cas à la littérature existante afin de proposer deux nouvelles notions théoriques qui s’avèrent nécessaires à la compréhension de la psychologie et la psychopathologie du retour : l’entre-deux migratoire et le non-retour. Ce squelette ternaire (retour, non-retour, entre-deux migratoire), en tant que modèle, permet de comprendre l’expérience migratoire et de proposer une psychopathologie de la migration de retour. Dans la quatrième partie de ce travail le chercheur présente et discute les cas à partir desquels il développe d’une manière détaillée les notions de migration rituelle, objet de la migration, itinéraire de retour, billets de retour, droit de retour et code du retour. Le cinquième chapitre est consacré à la discussion généraleThrough diverse realities of France and Italy and exploratory trips to Senegal the researcher investigates the fundamental aspect of the migratory phenomenon: the return. What psychological impact does the return have on individuals and populations involved? How does the return affect intrapsychic and intersubjective dynamics? The study is based on the survey of the Senegalese migrant population displaced in Europe. Three fields studies were conducted in Senegal between 2014 and 2018. The research includes the interviews with 20 "return migrants" and 11 key informants. The thesis is composed of five parts. The first part of the thesis is empirical part which is dedicated to data analysis. The researcher uses the methodology inspired by the Grounded Theory. The second part consists of the literature review. Given the previous studies that considered the social and clinical phenomena linked to the “desire to return” from very different perspectives, making the theoretical overview demanded great efforts. The aim of this doctoral research is to produce a theory defining a completely new field of investigations. Therefore, in the third part of the thesis the researcher analyses case studies against the existing literature in order to propose two new theoretical notions indispensable for the understanding of psychology and the psychopathology of return: “migratory in-between” and “non-return”. The ternary model (return, “non-return”, “migratory in-between”) enables our understanding of the migratory experience and allows to define the psychopathology of the return migration. In the fourth part of this work the researcher presents and discusses the cases from which he develops and describes the notions of ritual migration, the object of migration, the return itinerary, the return tickets, the rights of return and the code of return. The fifth part is dedicated to the general discussion
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Karbouai, Khalid. « Les potentialités entrepreneuriales des Marocains résidents à l'étranger de retour (MRE) : Une approche comparatiste avec les créateurs d'entreprise marocains locaux ». Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0506.
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L’objectif de cette recherche consiste à identifier et comparer les potentialités de l'entrepreneur migrant de retour à celles de son homologue Local. Rappelons que bien qu'un nombre important de recherches a traité l'entrepreneuriat et les caractéristiques entrepreneuriales, aucune, à notre connaissance, n'a étudié les potentialités de l'entrepreneur migrant de retour. Le souci de combler le manque de recherches gestionnaires et de contribuer au débat scientifique sur cette thématique nous a conduit à nous appuyer sur deux principaux paradigmes des traits et des faits de l'entrepreneur pour asseoir le concept de potentialités entrepreneuriales. Le corpus théorique obtenu s'appuie sur le modèle d'Yvon GASSE. Il établit un lien entre les différentes approches des traits et faits (caractéristiques et comportements), intègre les facteurs extrinsèques (milieu) et conduit à faire émerger le modèle conceptuel de notre thèse. Ce corpus théorique est relayé par le questionnaire adapté de Gasse qui a été administré à un échantillon de 393 entrepreneurs Marocains MRE (40%) et Locaux (60%). Les MRE sont les Marocains Résidents à l’Etranger revenus au Maroc pour créer leur entreprise. Les Locaux sont ceux qui résident depuis toujours au Maroc et qui sont entrepreneurs. Ce sont donc deux types d'entrepreneurs d'origine Marocaine mais avec des parcours de vie différents (migrants et non-migrants). Les 393 questionnaires sont soumis aux techniques multidimensionnelles d’analyse de données approfondies. Les résultats obtenus permettent de répondre à notre question de recherche : le niveau des potentialités de l’entrepreneur migrant de retour est diffèrent de celui de l’entrepreneur Local. L'expérience migratoire a permis à l'entrepreneur MRE de développer un niveau de potentialités entrepreneuriales plus élevé que celui de son homologue Local. De tels résultats font émerger des leviers originaux pouvant alimenter les dispositifs d’accompagnement endogènes. Leur combinaison au test de Cronbach fournit une grille réduite et adaptée du modèle de Gasse augurant un accompagnement différencié des futurs entrepreneurs MRE et LocauxThe objective of this research is to identify and compare the potentiality of the return migrant entrepreneur back to those of his Local counterpart. It should be recalled that while a significant number of research has addressed entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial characteristics, none, to our knowledge, has studied the potential of the returning migrant entrepreneur in relation to his Local counterpart. The concern to fill the lack of managerial research and to contribute to the scientific debate on this topic has led us to rely on two main paradigms of the traits and the facts of the entrepreneur to establish the concept of entrepreneurial potentials. The theoretical corpus obtained is based on the model of Yvon GASSE. It establishes a link between the different approaches of traits and facts (characteristics and behaviors), incorporates extrinsic factors (middle) and leads to the emergence of the conceptual model of our thesis. This theoretical corpus is relayed by the adapted questionnaire of Gasse which was administered to a sample of 393 Moroccan entrepreneurs MRE (40%) and Local (60%). The MRE are Moroccan residents abroad who have returned to Morocco to create their business. The premises are those who have always been resident in Morocco and who are entrepreneurs. They are therefore two types of entrepreneurs of Moroccan origin but with different life paths (migrant and non-migrant). The 393 questionnaires are subject to multi-dimensional data analysis techniques. The results obtained allow us to answer our research question: the level of the potential of the returning entrepreneur is different from that of the Local contractor. The migratory experience has enabled the MRE entrepreneur to develop a higher level of entrepreneurial potential than that of his Local counterpart. Such results are emerging from the original levers that can feed the endogenous accompaniment devices. Their combination with the Cronbach test provides a reduced and adapted grid of the Gasse model, auguring a differentiated accompaniment of future MRE and Local entrepreneurs
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MASI, GABRIELE MARIA. « SAMBA YANO ARTI The unsuccessful returns from the Central Mediterranean Route in Velingara (Senegal) ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/380474.
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I ritorni fallimentari dalla Rotta Centrale del Mediterraneo ha segnato un punto cruciale nella vita di migliaia di persone in Africa negli ultimi 10 anni. Attorno a questo evento, le vite delle persone e della loro rete familiare hanno riorganizzato le loro traiettorie, speranze e scelte quotidiane. Analizzando questo fenomeno dal punto di vista del dipartimento di Velingara (Senegal), il ritorno appare come un processo che si dipana nel tempo. Termini come "reinserzione” nascondono spesso una considerazione fondamentale: i viaggiatori delle rotte migratorie via terra (localmente denominate laawol ley) continuano a essere parte integrante del contesto locale attraverso diverse forme di comunicazione, trasferimento di denaro e lo sforzo collettivo per sostenere misticamente e finanziariamente il loro viaggio.
Tra i Fulɓe Fulakunda, ritornare senza aver raggiunto ciò che ci si era prefissati al momento della partenza significa affrontare un cambiamento della propria posizione sociale, riattivare le necessarie connessioni sociali, ricostruire relazioni sia personali che professionali, mantenere un prevedibile atteggiamento di pudore/vergogna (hersa). Il ritorno è vissuto attraverso prospettive culturali: l'insieme dei valori morali e delle regole di condotta dell'antica classe nobile (ndimaaku); la necessaria fatica (tampere) della vita sociale (wondagol) e il desiderio di liberarsene (heɓtaare); le norme religiose islamiche e le minacce mistiche (bau) innescate dall'invidia e dal desiderio di abbassare il livello della competizione sociale; la percezione di un "ritardo" nella loro traiettoria di vita causato anche dai segni materiali del successo degli altri (case, veicoli, vestiti nuovi, ecc...).
Le retrospettive dei migranti di ritorno ci offrono un'immagine della Rotta Centrale Mediterranea come un mondo in cui vengono meno le regole più elementari della vita sociale, lasciando spazio a un'estenuante resistenza fisica e psicologica. In quanto periodo di costante ansia, vigilanza e paura, la laawol ley rimane un habitus e un modo di essere nel mondo che va oltre i confini temporali dell'avventura. La narrazione dell’esperienza viene così vissuto dai soggetti come un laboratorio morale attraverso il quale il soggetto dà il senso di un'esperienza intensa e traumatica.
Il viaggio non riguarda solo un moderno rito di passaggio all'età adulta, ma un modo per rivendicare il loro diritto alla piena appartenenza alla società globale. Questa rivendicazione continua ad essere sostenuta anche dopo il loro ritorno in forme diverse. Per la maggior parte dei migranti di ritorno senza successo, aver percorso la laawol ley significa aver visto e vissuto il mondo esterno, conoscere qualcosa in più, aver avuto la possibilità di osservare la realtà locale da un'altra prospettiva. La laawol ley è, inoltre, descritta come "una scuola di vita" che ha insegnato loro come essere all'altezza del mondo contemporaneo.
I migranti di ritorno spesso si trovano ad affrontare le stesse condizioni sociali, economiche e morali che li hanno portati a partire. Il loro reinserimento avviene all'interno del perimetro della società locale in cui avere la possibilità di ricevere dei finanziamenti per aprire una propria attività rappresenta una rara opportunità. Tuttavia, l'“altrove” continua a far parte di un futuro ideale che prevede la possibilità di raggiungere ancora l'Europa da ricco commerciante o da turista. La libertà di movimento rimane il parametro di riferimento per valutare il successo individuale.
Infine, dal punto di vista emico, il più grande capitale su cui sia i viaggiatori sia i migranti di ritorno possono contare è la volontà di Dio e la propria fortuna, strumenti culturali per affrontare l'effetto locale di una contemporaneità globale che distribuisce a tutti nuovi orizzonti di senso e promesse di felicità pur continuando a limitarne le possibilità per la loro realizzazione.The unsuccessful homecoming from the Central Mediterranean route has marked a pivotal point in the life of thousands of people in the last 10 years. According to this event, the lives of individuals and their family network have reorganized their trajectories, hopes, and daily choices. Analysing this phenomenon from the angle of the department of Velingara (Senegal), return appears as a process that unfolds over time. Terms as "reintegration" or "reinsertion" often hide a fundamental consideration: the travellers of the backway (locally also called laawol ley) keep on being an integral part of the local context through different forms of communication, money transfer and the collective effort to mystically and financially sustain their journey. Amongst the Fulɓe Fulakunda, coming back is about dealing with a change in one’s social position, reactivating necessary social connections, rebuilding both personal or professional relationships, keeping an expected attitude of hersa. Return is lived through inherited cultural perspectives: the set of moral values and rules of conduct of the ancient noble class (ndimaaku); the necessary fatigue (tampere) of the social life (wondagol) and the desire to free oneself from it (heɓtaare); the Islamic religious norms and mystical threatens (bau) trigged by the envy and the desire to lower the level of the social competition; the perception of a "delay" in their life trajectory also caused by the material signs of the success of the others (houses, vehicles, new clothes, etc...). Return migrants’ retrospectives offer us an image of the backway as a world where the most basic rules of social life fail, leaving room for exhausting physical and psychological endurance. As a period of constant anxiety, alertness and fear, the backway remains as a habitus and a way of being in the world which goes beyond the temporal boundaries of the adventure. Narrating is primarily a moral laboratory through which the subject makes sense of an intense and hard experience, as the laawol ley is. Unsuccessful return migrants are stuck in between. Their travel was not just about a modern rite of passage to adulthood, it was a way to claim their right to full membership in the global society. And they still maintain the same claim now that they are back. For most of the unsuccessful return migrants, having travelled the backway means having seen and experienced the world outside, knowing something more, having had the chance to observe reality from another perspective. The laawol ley is described as “a school of life” that have taught them how to measure up to the world. Return migrants often face the same social, economic and moral conditions that led them to depart. Their reintegration happens within the perimeter of the local society of getting by where the possibility of being funded represents a rare chance. Nevertheless, the “elsewhere” keeps on being part of an ideal future that foresees the possibility of still reaching Europe as a rich trader or a tourist. Freedom of movement remains the benchmark to evaluate individual success. From an emic perspective, the greatest capital that both adventurers and empty-handed return migrants can count on is God's will and one's luck, as cultural tools to face the local effect of a global contemporaneity which distributes the meaning and the promises of happiness to all while keeping on limiting the material possibilities to do so.
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Farjas, Bonet Anna. « El procés migratori gambià a comarques : el cas de Banyoles, Olot i Salt ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7969.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Els assentaments de gambians, tal com succeeix amb la majoria dels assentaments d'immigrats, tendeixen a la concentració en zones determinades. Per aquest motiu, aquesta tesi se centra en les comarques de Girona, perquè és on s'hi troba l'índex més alt d'aquesta població de tot l'Estat espanyol i es posa el focus d'atenció als municipis de la demarcació que acullen més gambians, concretament Banyoles, Olot i Salt. De la mateixa manera, aquesta tesi vol introduir específicament el grup ètnic soninké o sarahule, bàsicament perquè a la demarcació de Girona és l'ètnia majoritària. Abans d'ubicar els assentaments, ens endinsem en el context d'origen dels immigrats gambians, posant èmfasi especial en l'escolarització a Gambia i també en les migracions soninké. Un cop analitzem els assentaments, ens aproximem a les trajectòries migratòries gambianes, així com en les estratègies que s'utilizen per portar a terme el projecte migratori, l'accés als canals d'informació sobre l'existència de diferents destins on hi ha oportunitats de treball, etc. Ens aproximem també a la integració dels immigrats gambians a la demarcació de Girona fent una aproximació de la inserció d'aquest col·lectiu en la societat de destí, abordant diferents vessants de la seva integració laboral, espaial, entre d'altres. Una integració que dependrà tant del resultat de la voluntat individual de cada immigrant, com també dels serveis que possibilitin la integració, així com de l'accés als propis mecanismes d'integració que té la nostra societat (accés al treball, a un habitatge, etc.) Molts dels immigrats gambians instal·lats a les comarques gironines tenen i han tingut fills i filles, podent parlar, per tant, d'una "segona generació" de gambians. Es fa una aproximació als fills i filles d'aquest col·lectiu introduint-nos en la socialització d'aquests nens i nenes, en els valors dels pares i mares en relació amb l'educació dels seus fills i filles, als canvis en l'estructura familiar un cop realitzat l'assentament en el país de destí i en les relacions de la familia amb amics i parents del mateix grup ètnic. Es fa una anàlisi de la situació escolar dels tres municipis d'estudi, analitzant la distribució d'alumnat d'origen estranger en aquests municipis, així com les estratègies educatives dels mestres que escolaritzen alumnat d'origen gambià. Es posa èmfasi especial en una estratègia bastant seguida pel col·lectiu gambià, fonamentalment d'ètnia sarahule, que ha estat la d'enviar els fills i filles a Gàmbia per temporades lllargues.
Gambian settlements, like the majority of immigrant settlements tend to be concentrated in certain determined areas. This study is centred on the province of Girona for this very reason, and because it is where the highest number of this group of people are to be found. This focuses special attention on three towns within the Girona province which have large numbers of Gambians, Banyoles, Olot and Salt. At the same time this thesis concerns the Soninke or Sarahole group because it is the largest ethnic group in the province of Girona. After analysing the context of origin of these immigrants (placing special emphasis in the schooling in Gambia), we investigate the migratory strategies of the Gambian immigrants as well as the strategies which they use to undertake their migratory project, such as the social networks which the migrants use, access to information channels about different destinations where there are work opportunities, etc. We also look at the integration of Gambian immigrants in the country of settlement. In short, an approximation is made as to the insertion of this collective into the society of the country of destination, and covering the different aspects of their integration: work, religion and spatial relationships among others. Many of these immigrants have, and have had children, and therefore a "second generation" of Gambians can now be referred to. This thesis focuses special attention on the lives of the children within this collective; investigating their socialisation, the values of their parents in the upbringing of their children, the changes of family structure once settlement has been established in the country of destination, the relationships of the family with friends and parents of the same ethnic group and their schooling in the Girona province. Emphasis is placed on a strategy followed by the Gambian collective, mainly the Sarahole ethnic group, which is that of sending children to Gambia for long periods of time.
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Castagnone, E. « "Building a comprehensive framework of African migration patterns : the case of migration between Senegal and Europe" ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/160858.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Migration theories, which guided prior research, have been predominantly based on static dichotomous categorizations. In particular most research has been guided by assumptions conceiving migration primarily as: 1) a one-off move from a departure country “A” to a destination country “B”; 2) directed to Europe (revealing a strong Eurocentric bias); 3) entailing a permanent settlement; 4) and with little or no spontaneous return from Europe to origin countries. According to this logic, previous research concentrated almost exclusively on specific phases of the migration process (settlement and integration in destination countries; temporary returns and circulation between sending and receiving countries; permanent return in origin countries) or on their effect on sending and receiving countries.
Furthermore, available data on migration are few, weakly comparable and fail to capture the longitudinal character of migration. These limitations particularly apply to migration from sub-Saharan Africa, where the diversification and growing complexity of migratory flows, rather than an increase in volume (as conveyed by public opinion and the media) has been the most significant change in the last decades. In addition to conceptual problems, this lack of data prevents gaining an improved understanding into the complex and rapidly changing dynamics of African migrations.
The aim of the PhD research is to fill these conceptual and empirical gaps by analyzing migration trajectories as 1) complex mobility systems, conceiving migration as a continuous process that develops over migrants’ lives through different phases and steps; 2) from the origin country, through intermediate-transit and destination ones 3) studying the extent of mobility within the EU 4) and including (short and long-term) circulation and permanent returns to origin country. Following these principles, the theoretical and empirical objective of the study is to identify and to analyze the main migration patterns between Africa and Europe, through a longitudinal analysis of their complex composition, geographical extent and changing nature over time.
The research draws on the MAFE dataset, which provides a unique opportunity to empirically pursue this research objective. The MAFE Senegal project yielded a new individual biographic data set in 2008, through comparables surveys in both sending (Senegal) and receiving countries (France, Italy, Spain) among both documented and undocumented migrants. MAFE data are: 1) multi-topic (various aspects of the respondents' lives are covered by the questionnaires, including work experience, family formation, residential mobility, legal status, etc.); 2) multi-level (meso and macro comparable data in four surveyed countries are associated to individual-micro data on migrants); 3) longitudinal (through retrospective data) 4) transnational (collected and giving account for both sending and receiving countries). The unique nature of this dataset allows to undertake innovative research on complex structure of individuals’ migration.
By investigating the individual migrants’ trajectories, the research focuses in particular on “transits” and “temporary returns”. The analysis showed the increasing crucial role of interconnectivity played by these forms of mobility between West African and European migration systems.
Finally, by analyzing the intersections of the different mobility structures (linear, step-wise and circular) and geographical areas (sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and Europe) in which Senegalese migration develops, the research finally elaborates a typology of the main patterns of mobility between Africa and Europe and outlines the profiles of migrants who undertake different mobility patterns.
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Néya, Sihé. « "Burkina Faso - Côte d'Ivoire, c'est chambre-salon" : retour au pays d'origine et reconfiguration d'un espace migratoire transnational ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'émigration des Burkinabè du Burkina Faso vers la Côte d'Ivoire, vieille de plus d'un demi-siècle, a entraîné des circulations migratoires importantes entre ces deux pays. Les Burkinabè et leurs descendants installés en Côte d'Ivoire entretiennent des liens multiformes avec leur pays d'origine, le Burkina Faso. Certes, les liens transnationaux, orientés de la Côte d'Ivoire vers le Burkina Faso, ont largement été documentés. Mais ceux-ci méritent d’être réinterrogés avec l'avènement des migrations de retour et d'installation des migrants et leurs familles au Burkina Faso, qui se sont accentuées en raison des crises ivoiriennes des deux dernières décennies. La thèse interroge la manière dont les migrations internationales de retour au Burkina Faso participent à la réorganisation des espaces de vie transnationaux dans l’espace migratoire ivoiro-burkinabè (Burkina Faso-Côte d’Ivoire) produit par l’immigration burkinabè en Côte d’Ivoire. Dans cet espace, à la fois en soi et pour soi, ce sont les acteurs et les lieux en jeu qui sont questionnés. Les migrants de retour restent aussi des acteurs transnationaux dont la mobilité sociale et les pratiques transnationales amènent à repenser le pays d’origine et la ressource au sein d’un espace migratoire transnational. Autrement dit, dans l’espace migratoire transnational ivoiro-burkinabè, la ressource est localisée dans le pays d’accueil et le pays d’origine. Le Burkina Faso devient une ressource pour générer une relation d’interdépendance plutôt qu’une relation de dépendance entre les deux pays. Les migrants et leur famille font de la dispersion spatiale un capitalThe emigration of Burkinabè from Burkina Faso to Côte d'Ivoire, for over half a century, has led to significant migratory flows between the two countries. Burkinabè and their descendants living in Côte d'Ivoire have multifaceted ties with their country of origin, Burkina Faso. Of course, the transnational links oriented from Côte d'Ivoire to Burkina Faso have been widely documented. But these links deserve to be re-examined with the advent of return and settlement migrations of migrants and their families in Burkina Faso, which have intensified due to the Ivorian crises of the past two decades. This thesis interrogates the ways in which international return migrations to Burkina Faso are participating in the reorganization of transnational living spaces in the ivoiro-burkinabe migratory space (Burkina Faso-Côte d’Ivoire) produced by Burkinabè immigration in Côte d'Ivoire. In this space, it is the actors and the places involved that are questioned. Return migrants also remain transnational actors whose social mobility and transnational practices lead one to rethink the country of origin and the resource within a transnational migratory space. In other words, in the ivoiro-burkinabè transnational migratory space, the resource is localized in the host country and in the country of origin. Burkina Faso becomes a resource that generates an interdependent rather than a dependent relationship between the two countries. The migrants and their families create capital out of spatial dispersion
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Lardeux, Laurent. « De l'exil au retour : dispositifs de rapatriement et carrières migratoires des retournés congolais (RDC) ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20124.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A l'interface de la sociologie des migrations et de la sociologie politique, la thèse porte sur les migrations de retour des réfugiés congolais à partir des principaux pays d'acceuil l'afrique centrale. loin d'être regardées dans une perspective linéaire et statique entre deux sédentarités mais analysées à partir d'observation in situ et d'entretiens biographiques réalisés pendant près de seize mois dans les espaces d'accueil et de retour, les migrations de retour son intégrées ici dans un espace migratoire dynamique fait d'oppositions et de transactions entre les dispositifs du flux migratoire qui organisent et réglementent les migrations de retour, et les multiples pratiques formelles et informelles du sujet dont les intenses jeux de tension s'inscrivent dans un contexte soutenu de limitation des flux migratoires et l'accroissement de nouvelles formes de mobilité dans l'espace migratoire d'afrique centraleIn the interface of the sociology of migration and political sociology, the thesis focuses on return migration of Congolese refugees from the main host countries of central Africa. Far from being observed in a linear and static perspective between two sedentarinesses but analyzed starting from in situ observations and from biographical interviews conducted during 16 months in host and return areas, the migrations of return are integrated in a dynamic migratory space constituted by oppositions and transactions between the biopolitic plans of retention of flows and the circulatory practices of the refugees. The accent is particularly focused on negotiating "biographical crossroads" and migratory careers of refugees from the social, spatial and political capital acquired during the refuge time. How, in these intersections between migratory careers and biopolitical plans, the returnees can define and negotiate their installations in the environment of return ?
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Chappart, Pascaline. « Retours volontaires, retours forcés hors d’Europe. Une socio-anthropologie de l’éloignement des étrangers. Le cas de la France ». Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT5001/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A partir du cas de la politique d'aide au retour volontaire en France, cette recherche propose une interprétation des politiques d'éloignement des étrangers en situation irrégulière, telles qu'elles sont formulées à l'échelle de l'Union européenne sous l'angle du « retour ». Le principe d'expulsion est maintenant transposé dans le champ de l'action sociale, sous la forme de divers dispositifs d'assistance humanitaire qui masquent la dimension de contrainte contenue dans l'objectif final de faire sortir les étrangers du territoire. Ce brouillage amène à s'intéresser aux ressorts matériels et symboliques de la domination qui s'exerce sur les « retournés » par le biais de cette assistance, où s'observe un retournement du rapport des expulsables à leur départ, rebaptisé « volontaire ». En tenant bout à bout l'étude des processus de renvoi et des expériences d'après-retour, il s'agit de mettre en perspective les mythologies et les réalités du phénomène. Pour ce faire, on examine, à travers les mécanismes de relégation, l'ensemble des acteurs et des institutions participant à l'aménagement d'un espace transnational de prise en charge sociale reliant les pays de renvoi aux pays d'où venaient les émigrés, particulièrement dans les effets sociopolitiques et anthropologiques que leurs opérations produisentStarting from the issue of assisted voluntary return in France, this research offers an interpretation of removal policies for undocumented foreigners, labeled as "return policy" in the European Union. The principle of deportation has now been transposed to the field of social policy. Therefore, various humanitarian assistance programmes have hidden the notion of obligation which underlies the final goal of having foreigners leave the country. This confusion leads to the study of material and symbolic patterns of domination applied to "returnees”. In fact, this assistance involves a twist in the relation to the departure: undocumented migrants are no longer deportable people but foreigners asking for voluntary departure. Considering the whole process of removal and post deportation experiences, this research is to outline the myths and realities of return. Thus, trough relegation mechanisms, both social actors and institutions have been investigated. Their involvement and its consequences in the set up of a transnational space bonding the "deporting countries" and the countries of origin have been thoroughly analysed from a sociopolitical and an anthropological point of view
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Peres, Roberta Guimarães. « Diferenciais por sexo no retorno migratorio : o fluxo Criciuma-Estados Unidos-Criciuma ». [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279347.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Rosana Aparecida BaeningerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T17:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Peres_RobertaGuimaraes_M.pdf: 590126 bytes, checksum: 66902192cd3895a9929317d0a36ef8c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Não informado.
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Demografia
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Kurotsu, Tomoko. « Reintegración laboral del migrante retornante desde Japón : trayectoria migratoria, vínculo de soporte y experiencia previa (2000-2014) ». Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7792.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este estudio trata de interpretar el proceso de reintegración laboral de los peruanos que
previamente migraron y trabajaron en Japón entre 1989 y 1999, y retornaron al país
después del año 2000. El objetivo central de estudio es analizar cómo estos migrantes
se reintegran al mercado laboral peruano después de varios años de ausencia, y
después de vivir experiencias de movilidad vertical descendente de clase social durante
su proceso de migración (de clase media en el Perú a clase obrera en Japón). Es
necesario analizar cómo ellos superan esta dinámica y barreras estructurales. Para
investigarlo, se utiliza entrevista semiestructurada que provee datos cualitativos que
ayudan a analizar esta trayectoria migratoria, donde ocurren diferentes situaciones y
causas. En efecto, los retornantes se movilizan a espacios donde pueden ejercer su
capacidad, y a donde encuentran una acumulación del capital social y el capital humano,
que es una estrategia de este grupo de población frente a los hitos estructurales. A partir
de ello, este estudio apunta a interpretar el proceso de reintegración laboral de los
peruanos que trabajaban en Japón desde punto de vista de que la posesión de los
capitales intangibles influye en superar la dificultad después del retorno.Tesis
Livres sur le sujet "Migratory return"
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Ruiz, Diana Tamara Martínez. Caleidoscopio migratorio : Un diagnóstico de la situación migratoria actual en el Estado de Michoacán, desde distintas perspectivas disciplinarias. Morelia, Michoacán, México : Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Facultad de Psicología, 2012.
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United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. Dinámica migratoria argentina (1955-1984) : Democratización y retorno de expatriados. Geneva, Switzerland : United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1987.
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E, Lattes Alfredo, Oteiza Enrique, Graciarena Jorge 1922- et Bertoncello Rodolfo, dir. Dinámica migratoria argentina (1955-1984) : Democratización y retorno de expatriados. Ginebra, Suiza : UNRISD ; CENEP, 1986.
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Migración de retorno y políticas públicas : El desafío de la región migratoria. Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca : Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, 2015.
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Ferrando, Salvador Palazón. Capital humano español y desarrollo económico latinoamericano : Evolución, causas y características del flujo migratorio, 1882-1990. [València] : Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria dʼEducació i Ciència, 1995.
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Freire Esparís, Ma. Pilar (María Pilar) et Losada Álvarez Abel, dir. Galicia en la transición migratoria española : Presencia exterior y retorno (1991-2008). Madrid : Ministerio de Trabajo e Inmigración, Subdirección General de Información Administrativa y Publicaciones, 2010.
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Fusaro, Mélanie. Les Italo-Argentins en Italie (1998-2006) : Retour aux racines ou nouveau départ ? : paradoxes d'un mouvement migratoire contemporain. Paris : Harmattan, 2009.
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Ottonelli, Valeria, et Tiziana Torresi. The Right Not to Stay. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866776.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A central question in the debate on justice in immigration is whether immigrants have a right to stay; this book argues that liberal-democratic receiving states should also grant migrants a right not to stay. This claim runs against the presumption that migrants always desire to move on a permanent basis and intend to forge a completely new life in the country of destination. From this perspective, temporary migration is always a second-best option for migrants, engendered by the closed and often punitive migration policies of receiving countries. This book’s innovative focus on the right not to stay is prompted instead by the realization that increasing numbers of migrants throughout the world conceive and plan their migratory experience as circumscribed in time and instrumental to goals and projects that they will pursue once back in their country of origin. These temporary migration projects are worthy of being accommodated by the receiving states as much as the migratory plans of those who resolve or aim to immigrate on a permanent basis. Accommodating them entails setting up the appropriate welfare measures and programmes in the host country and, through bi-lateral agreements, in the country of return. This is especially important in view of the fact that very often the migrants who engage in temporary migration projects find themselves in a condition of high vulnerability and risk. The ‘right not to stay’ advocated in this book is a positive and substantive right to see one’s project of temporary migration-and-return protected and accommodated by institutions.
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Dinámica migratoria argentina (1955-1984) : Democratización y retorno de expatriados. 2e éd. Buenos Aires : Centro Editor de América Latina, 1987.
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Heidbrink, Lauren. Migrantidad. La juventud en una nueva era de deportaciones. Traduit par Raúl Berea Núñez. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias sobre Chiapas y la Frontera Sur, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cimsur.9786073044936p.2021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Migrantidad da cabida a testimonios de jóvenes que narran sus trayectorias a largo plazo de migración y deportación desde su propia perspectiva. Por medio de la investigación con niños y jóvenes indígenas en diversos espacios y geografías, en comunidades de origen en Guatemala, zonas de tránsito en México, centros de detención para menores no acompañados en los Estados Unidos, instalaciones gubernamentales que reciben niños retornados en Guatemala y comunidades de retorno, las personas cuentan cómo se enfrentan a la violencia y la discriminación cotidianas, cómo ellas y sus familias administran los poco recursos con que cuentan y toman decisiones difíciles, y cómo desarrollan y mantienen relaciones a través del tiempo y el espacio. En otras palabras, sus vidas son mucho más que sus condiciones de migrantidad. Al lado de las diversas trayectorias migratorias de los jóvenes, el libro rastrea cómo el enfoque de seguridad reforzada en el control migratorio, a menudo bajo la apariencia de «desarrollo», es un modo de gobernanza que cruza y trasciende el espacio geopolítico.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Migratory return"
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Herrera, Gioconda, et Lucia Pérez Martínez. « Times of crisis and times to return ? Migratory, occupational and social trajectories of returning migrants in Ecuador ». Dans Border Transgression, 99–116. Göttingen : V&R unipress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737007238.99.
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Danaj, Ermira. « International Student Returnees : Nowhere at Home ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 151–77. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92092-0_7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractIn this chapter, I explore the experiences of female migrants who migrated to undertake undergraduate or graduate studies rather than specifically for economic or work reasons. I analyse a group of female student migrants who returned to Tirana after their international migratory trajectories. Unlike the other group of international migrants introduced in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-92092-0_5 all the women in this group migrated with regular student visas and documents, and their destination countries are not limited to Greece and Italy but encompass a wider area.
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« Chapter 5 “It’s [not] all about money.” – About returning with empty hands and relational (re)negotiations in the adventurer’s drama of return ». Dans »Failed« Migratory Adventures ?, 127–58. transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783839460092-008.
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Barnes, Leslie. « Un cinéma sans image : Palimpsestic Memory and the Lost History of Cambodian Film ». Dans Post-Migratory Cultures in Postcolonial France, 79–95. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941138.003.0005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Davy Chou’s Le Sommeil d’or (2011) is the first attempt to recount the forgotten history of the Cambodian film industry, a rich and storied archive that all but disappeared with the Khmer Rouge victory in 1975. To make the film, Chou returned to a homeland that is not fully his to capture the memories of a handful of people with whom he shares neither language nor experience. The result, I will suggest, is a work of palimpsestic memory that layers space and time in an attempt to conjure the traces of this lost cultural heritage. Notably however, Chou uses almost none of the surviving footage from the period in his film. This decision, perhaps unusual given the filmmaker’s objective to make the past visible, encourages us to interrogate the ubiquity of the image in relation to the work of memory. Further, having never ‘left’ the homeland on which he now trains his camera, Chou crafts a film that simultaneously privileges and problematizes the idea of return, offering a post-migratory imagining of the second generation’s relationship to the notions of place and belonging, culture and heritage.
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Higbee, Will. « ‘Beyond Ethnicity’ or a Return to Type ? Bande de filles/Girlhood and the Politics of Blackness in Contemporary French Cinema ». Dans Post-Migratory Cultures in Postcolonial France, 166–82. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941138.003.0010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter aims to promote an analysis of black female subjectivity as a means of considering the potential difficulties and contradictions that emerge in reading Bande de filles (Sciamma, 2014) as an example of post-migratory cinema. Drawing on Anthias’ (1998) notion of diasporic identity moving ‘beyond ethnicity’ as both lived experience and mediated reality through cinematic representation, the chapter will question how ethnic origins as a marker of difference are displaced by gender and, to a lesser extent, class in Bande de filles. Finally, the chapter will explore whether the proposed move ‘beyond ethnicity’ simply masks the same problems of stereotyping and marginalization that have traditionally been found in French cinema when black actors appear on the screen. Such questions lead to a related discussion of agency for ‘post-migratory’ artists and performers on both sides of the camera and the production of French ‘national’ identity in contemporary French cinema.
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Espindola, Juan, et Mónica Jacobo-Suárez. « The ethics of return migration and education : transnational duties in migratory process ». Dans Education and Migration, 54–70. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003049746-7.
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« Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology ». Dans Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology, sous la direction de Chris C. Wood, David W. Welch, Lyse Godbout et James Cameron. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874271.ch19.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<i>Abstract</i>.—We investigated the marine migratory behavior and survival of Sakinaw Lake sockeye salmon <i>Oncorhynchus nerka </i>during their outbound migration as juveniles and return migration as adults two or more years later by tracking individuals that had been implanted with Vemco acoustic tags programmed to have two periods of active transmission. We tracked both hatchery-reared anadromous sockeye salmon (‘hatchery sockeye’) and wild nonanadromous ‘kokanee,’ two genetically-distinct, sympatric ecotypes inhabiting Sakinaw Lake, British Columbia. Tagged kokanee were distinguished from wild sockeye by haplotype frequencies at two mitochondrial DNA genes. Migrations were inferred from detections by the Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking (POST) receivers, and supplemental tracking near the release site and in Sakinaw Lake. We found no significant differences between the ecotypes in the proportion of ‘migratory’ fish (those detected migrating seaward by POST telemetry in the year of release, 42% of all 254 fish released) or in the proportion of ocean-going fish (those detected at receivers near the open ocean, 20% of all fish released). Seaward migration in both ecotypes was primarily northward through Johnstone Strait in 2 of the 3 years studied (92% of migratory fish in 2004 and 84% in 2006). A significantly higher proportion of fish moved southward in 2005 (45% of migratory fish) than in 2004 or 2006, but this difference could not be attributed to ecotype, body size, or release date. One significant difference observed between the ecotypes was that 6 kokanee but no sockeye migrated back into Sakinaw Lake within 2 weeks of release in 2006. The number of tagged fish detected as returning adults with operational tags was low (3 sockeye at the release site and 2 kokanee at Sakinaw Creek), but none of these fish had been detected crossing seaward POST lines as juveniles and thus appeared to be nonmigratory. The adult return rate of these nonmigratory tagged fish (3.4% in sockeye, 4.3% in kokanee) was higher than for migratory tagged fish (0% for both ecotypes). This discrepancy suggests that factors outside the Strait of Georgia have caused the poor marine survival that is preventing recovery of the endangered Sakinaw sockeye population (mean <0.2% since 2003).
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Rosales, William Estuardo, et Katie Dingeman. « Deportation as Deterrence ? » Dans Global Perspectives on People, Process, and Practice in Criminal Justice, 1–29. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6646-6.ch001.
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This chapter interrogates the impacts of mass deportation for people recently removed from the U.S. to Mexico. It draws from a novel survey conducted in 2018 with 128 individuals at a migrant shelter in Nogales, Mexico to assess factors impacting intentions to re-migrate the U.S. after removal. Far from deportation preventing remigration to the U.S., the authors found most individuals planned to return to the U.S. at some point. The number of deportations a person experienced did not influence their future migratory plans. Rather, individuals were motivated to attempt another migration based on the location of their subjective belonging, family ties, and nature of their interactions with the U.S. legal system prior to deportation. These findings contribute to research suggesting that migratory decisions are socially embedded, opening up new areas for research on the impact of institutional processes on re-migration plans.
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González García, Inmaculada. « Immigration in Spain : migratory routes, cooperation with third countries and human rights in return procedures ». Dans Bilateral Relations in the Mediterranean, 2–23. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781786432254.00011.
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Sadowski-Smith, Claudia. « Highly Skilled and Marriage Migrants in Arizona ». Dans New Immigrant Whiteness. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479847730.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the results of my interviews with post-USSR immigrants in Phoenix, Arizona, which place male-dominated highly skilled and female-dominated marriage migration in the context of scholarship on adaptation and return migration. The two migratory forms have been spurred by the interests of US men in creating monoracial families and by the immense growth in the number of contingent academic positions at US institutions of higher learning. Their differential legal status upon arrival provides post-Soviet marriage and highly skilled migrants with divergent access to economic, social, and cultural forms of US citizenship, community building, and opportunities for return. Highly skilled migrants create middle-class lives, appear less interested in participating in a coethnic community, and maintain limited physical transnational connections, while marriage migrants face downward mobility and dependency, experience greater difficulty connecting to other post-Soviet migrants, and more often consider returning. While they are immediately provided with membership in their husbands’ middle-class lives, the globalized form of US whiteness that marriage migrants are assigned even before they leave their countries of origin creates heightened expectations of their complete assimilation to a middle-class whiteness at the cost of their and often their children’s bicultural and transnational identities.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Migratory return"
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Mihali, Adelina Emilia. « Dynamics of anthroponymy in the context of migration : Borşa, Maramureş county, Romania ». Dans International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/16.
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This paper is a sociolinguistic analysis of anthroponyms from Borşa, Maramureş county, Romania, in the context of migration. The research illustrates the dynamic of anthroponyms, the frequency of foreign names and bilingual nominal structures, as well as the sociocultural factors underlying the choice of names. The corpus of the article consists of first names of newborns, extracted from civil and parish registers of Borşa and verified, in part, through a questionnaire filled in by the parents. The time interval proposed for the analysis spans 18 years (2000– 2018), including the period in which migratory flows multiply and many migrants return. Thus, the onomastic material subjected to research is representative of anthroponymic multiculturalism in Romania.
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Vollmann, Ralf, et Soon Tek Wooi. « The Indian Hakkas of Vienna ». Dans GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.4-2.
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Hakka emigration has created many smaller communities worldwide; where some groups continued their migratory journey. One such example is the Hakkas, who first migrated to Calcutta and then moved on to Vienna and Toronto, clustering in a close-knit social network. In various sessions, Viennese Hakkas of all age groups were interviewed for their lifestories and linguistic practices. (a) The linguistic competence of the migrants includes Hakka, English and Indian (Hindi, Ben¬gali) but often rather little German; Hakka is important at the workplace (Chinese restaurants) and is transmitted in families; Indian helps establish professional relationships with Indian migrants. (b) The social network is rather closed to Hakka friends from Calcutta or from other places. All Hakkas closely cooperate and usually have only few outside contacts. They consider Calcutta as their old homeland to which they return for Chinese New Year. (c) The younger generation consists of weak speakers of Hakka who are fully integrated into Austrian culture, but also maintain contacts to Toronto and love to visit friends and family in India. To conclude, the Indian Hakkas of Vienna are an interesting example of a two-step migration which first converted some Chinese into Indians, and then planted this Indian subgroup into Europe.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Migratory return"
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Avis, William. Refugee and Mixed Migration Displacement from Afghanistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.002.
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This rapid literature review summarises evidence and key lessons that exist regarding previous refugee and mixed migration displacement from Afghanistan to surrounding countries. The review identified a diverse literature that explored past refugee and mixed migration, with a range of quantitative and qualitative studies identified. A complex and fluid picture is presented with waves of mixed migration (both outflow and inflow) associated with key events including the: Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989); Afghan Civil War (1992–96); Taliban Rule (1996–2001); War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). A contextual picture emerges of Afghans having a long history of using mobility as a survival strategy or as social, economic and political insurance for improving livelihoods or to escape conflict and natural disasters. Whilst violence has been a principal driver of population movements among Afghans, it is not the only cause. Migration has also been associated with natural disasters (primarily drought) which is considered a particular issue across much of the country – this is associated primarily with internal displacement. Further to this, COVID-19 is impacting upon and prompting migration to and from Afghanistan. Data on refugee and mixed migration movement is diverse and at times contradictory given the fluidity and the blurring of boundaries between types of movements. Various estimates exist for numbers of Afghanistan refugees globally. It is also important to note that migratory flows are often fluid involving settlement in neighbouring countries, return to Afghanistan. In many countries, Afghani migrants and refugees face uncertain political situations and have, in recent years, been ‘coerced’ into returning to Afghanistan with much discussion of a ‘return bias’ being evident in official policies. The literature identified in this report (a mix of academic, humanitarian agency and NGO) is predominantly focused on Pakistan and Iran with a less established evidence base on the scale of Afghan refugee and migrant communities in other countries in the region. . Whilst conflict has been a primary driver of displacement, it has intersected with drought conditions and poor adherence to COVID-19 mitigation protocols. Past efforts to address displacement internationally have affirmed return as the primary objective in relation to durable solutions; practically, efforts promoted improved programming interventions towards creating conditions for sustainable return and achieving improved reintegration prospects for those already returned to Afghanistan.