Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Migrant-related innovation »

The marginalization of Indonesian migrant workers is not a new story. Their dream of success abroad ended as a nightmare since some of them were physically and mentally abused, especially those who work in the informal sector. A series of innovation in technologies have offered an opportunity for improvements in freedom and justice. This particular paper addresses the gap in the academic literature by analyzing the role of citizen-generated video for advocacy purposes and hasten social changes, particularly for Indonesian migrant workers. Desk research was used as the methodology in this research. A large volume of bibliographic materials related to the use of user generated content to empower marginalized people was scanned and a limited number of documents have been critically reviewed. Articles were included in the review if the author discussed UGC along with debates related to its capacity for empowerment. As a result, this paper develops the argument that the capacity to participate in both video production and dissemination would enable Indonesian migrant workers to fight against injustice and discrimination and enhance their democratic engagement. With a set of camera in their hand and supported by the networked platform, Indonesian migrant workers are now able to create first-hand evidence which is powerful to encourage or boost public social and political action. As a promising feature, the user-generated video is a way for Indonesian migrant workers to be “visible” and to have the “voice” and challenge the negative stereotype that existed in society or negative framing in mainstream media towards them.

This paper is aimed to analyse Certificate in Spoken and Written English (CSWE) curriculum framework which is currently implemented for Adult Migrant English Pro-gram (AMEP) in Australia. The Curriculum framework that I presented in this writing has been implemented in Australia for more than two decades and has been re-searched and evaluated in delivering better output in order to foster better national economic development in the long run through English, job-seeking, and workplace skills courses. The analysis includes brief history of the curriculum, issues that have been resolved in the implementation and how modern sociolinguistic theories related to social-driven educational innovation in second language learning curriculum design has contributed CSWE development to meet the national demands.

PurposeIn China, rural-to-urban migrant workers who are from the same place of origin tend to concentrate in the same workplace. If the concentration is sufficiently dense, it means that these migrant workers build up a social network which could be defined as native place enclave (NPE). In this paper, the authors discussed whether there are behavioral differences between enclave workers and non-enclave workers when they have conflicts with their employers.Design/methodology/approachThe authors put two questions to empirical tests. First, do enclave workers experience less sense of deprivation than non-enclave workers? Second, compared to non-enclave workers, are enclave workers more willing to participate in collective action against their employers? Using data from a survey of migrant workers in Pearl River Delta and Yangzi River Delta in 2010, the authors made a comparison between enclave workers and non-enclave workers with respect to sense of deprivation and willingness-to-participate by using a propensity score matching method.FindingsThe authors found that the relationship between NPE and sense of deprivation was negative, so was the relationship between NPE and willingness-to-participate. Meanwhile, the two relationships were stronger than what had been found after the propensity score matching method was used.Practical implicationsThe results implied that employers can reduce labor conflicts by using NPE to mitigate migrant workers’ sense of deprivation and by lowering the risk of their collective actions. In this way, NPE may contribute to the upkeep of workplace order and even social order.Originality/valueThere have been hot debates on how NPE would affect migrant workers’ collective action. Resource mobilization theory pointed out that NPE was positively related to workers’ collective action while production politics theory held an opposite view. Our findings provided empirical evidences for the debates.

Abstract Background Educational expectation has a certain impact on the educational performance of migrant children, which can be achieved through the establishment of expected objectives and educational investment of migrant children, so as to improve the educational performance of migrant children. The education quality of migrant children has many complex factors in both macro and micro aspects. Macroscopically, it is affected by factors such as education policy and social integration, and microscopically by schools and families. In addition, educational expectation is the expectation of parents or children for the future of education, which has an important impact on educational investment. At the same time, with the development of migrant children's education, the changes of children's related emotional behavior are also advancing. Subjects and Methods According to China Education follow-up survey (CEPs) (2014-2015), the subjects were migrant children who lived in the household for more than 6 months and under the age of 16. Based on fcsp-eip theory, this paper analyzes the relationship between educational expectation, investment and educational performance in four environments by constructing structural equation model and using Amos 22.0 statistical software. We also searched the databases of CBM, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, web of science and EBSCO based on the computer to collect relevant studies on the characteristics and changes of emotional behavior of older children. The retrieval time limit is from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2019. After two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the bias risk of the included study, the results of the included study were summarized by qualitative analysis. Results In the EIP structure, parents' educational expectations were significantly correlated with migrant children's educational performance, and educational investment as an intermediary had a significant impact on educational performance. After adding other environment related variables, it is found that education policy has a negative impact on children's educational performance; Community and school conditions have a positive impact on educational performance; Educational expectation is an important intermediary variable affecting educational performance. Children's anxiety, confrontation, attachment and other behaviors show three different patterns over time. The results of two children's emotional studies show that when parents' educational expectations are too high, children are easy to show negative emotions. Conclusion With the help of Chinese education tracking data and structural equation, this paper draws some conclusions. Through the parents' attention to the education of migrant children, the state strongly supports the education of migrant children, and provides good community and educational conditions to effectively improve the educational performance of migrant children. Firstly, the limitation of education policy is a negative variable that affects the educational expectation and performance of migrant children. At the same time, migrant children may also have unfair psychology, which will also have a negative impact on communication and psychological performance. Secondly, educational expectation is an important intermediary variable affecting educational performance. Parents' educational level and family economic status can help children choose high-quality educational resources, improve educational expectations, and then affect educational performance. Third, quality community and school conditions have a positive impact on educational expectations and performance. The higher the quality of the school, the higher the educational expectations of parents and children. Finally, the family structure dominated by one-child in China will also affect children's emotional changes, resulting in the inconsistency between parents and children's expectations for the future. More social support should be given to children's psychological and emotional changes. Acknowledgments Supported by a project grant from general project of national social science fund: Research on Theory, Path and Practice Model of Healthy China Construction (Grant No. 20BJY014) and from key research project of philosophy and social sciences of the ministry of education: Research on Management Innovation Mechanism of Megacities in the New Era (Grant No. 20JZD030).

This paper discusses the changes in the key factors of socioeconomic development in Ukraine related to the transition to an innovation-driven economy, the most important of which are the availability and development of human resources that Ukraine is rapidly losing in the context of intensified external migration flows. The purpose of the article is to shape an institutional support framework to facilitate government migration management policy in Ukraine. The theoretical and methodological background of the research relies on scientific advances in migration, institutional and social economics theories. The methods of generalization and synthesis used in the study allowed to formulate research findings and develop proposals. The study presents a toolkit to ensure robust government migration management policy realization in Ukraine that in the first place envisages the need to develop and implement the concept of migration services infrastructure development, programs to encourage re-emigration of student and labor migrants and attain convergence of Ukrainian legislation with legislation of major recipient countries through international social security agreements enabling migrant pension applications, deepening of the cooperation between trade unions and migrant associations in recipient countries as well as with trade unions of EU citizens to develop a mechanism to ensure social protection of migrant workers. This study suggests an effective management mechanism to provide institutional support through launching of information and resource centres under the auspices of the State Migration Service of Ukraine, ensuring successful implementation of grant programs of international organizations and funds to create structures at border service offices, further development of financial institutions (funds, unions or investment banks) to foster effective migration remittance transfers to the real sector of the economy, creating strategic alliances between international corporations and institutions of higher education.

Purpose: This study sought to analyse and determine which of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals will be impacted by the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. Methodology: To achieve this, the study adopted an innovative approach and used ordinary linear regression as opposed to conventional logic models applied for such studies. The quantitative data collected was analysed using the SPSS version 25 for data analysis through the use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages as well as measures of central tendency such the mean. The target population that gave this data comprised of 100 respondends from the Qatari population, who were clustered into six categories through a multistage sampling design. The clusters included; migrant workers, Qatari nationals working with the government or the private sector, business people, experts in matters related to the SDGs under study, Government departments, and private practitioners such as lawyers. Findings:The study found that respondents anticipate and cited possible Sustainable Development Goals that will be achieved as a result of preparation and actual hosting of the FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar. These Goals were; Better Health and Wellbeing of all, Gender Equality, Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth, Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work for all, Improved Infrastructure, Promotion of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialisation and Fostering Innovation, Peace and Justice for all), and Partnerships as a means of achieving the SDGs. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:The study recommends that Qatar should leverage on the advantage of being World Cup hosts to achieve these sustainable Development Goals, and even more.

Immigration New Zealand (INZ) recently announced changes to the skilled migrant residence and essential-skills work visas based on a strong association between skills and salary. This shift will impact both employers and migrants, especially in hospitality. According to the INZ, the hospitality sector was the fourth-largest recipient of skilled migrant residence visas in their last reporting year [1,2]. INZ expects migrants employed as chefs, café/restaurant managers and retail managers to be the hardest hit by these changes [1,2]. Residence under the skilled migrant policy can be gained for jobs in skill levels 1–3 as defined in the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO). Traditionally, hotel managers, chefs, and café/restaurant managers have been classed as level 2, and bakers at level 3 in accordance with ANZSCO. However, skills levels are now also assessed based on salary (at least $23.49 p/h) and specialist skills obtained through qualifications and/or work experience. Migrants paid a justifiable $35.24 p/h for a position previously considered unskilled (levels 4–5), or those with positions unclassified by ANZSCO, could gain residence under the new policy shift. While this could mean a residence visa for people whose jobs do not neatly fit within ANZSCO, INZ are not easily deceived. Indeed, the Labour Inspectorate reports that 20 percent of the published list of employers currently barred from recruiting migrants (due to breaches of employment and immigration laws) are in the hospitality sector. Accordingly, there is little to be gained by migrants claiming to be paid $80,000 for a housekeeping position. Approximately 21 percent of essential-skills work visas issued by Immigration New Zealand in the last reporting year were for migrants in the hospitality sector [1,2]. Essential-skills work visas cover five skills levels (as indicated by ANZSCO) but now have accompanying salary thresholds. The main change affects migrants earning below $19.97 p/h because they will now be unable to sponsor their partner’s work visa or child’s domestic student visa. While their partner and child would still be able to apply for visas, the partner would have to meet the visa requirements in their own right to obtain a work visa, and their child could only obtain an international student visa – the costs associated with which would likely consume the ‘low’ salary of the migrant worker. Additionally, this ‘low-skilled’ migrant will only be able to obtain one ‘low-skilled’ essential-skills work visa of three-year duration before experiencing a 12-month stand-down period, during which they would be barred from applying for another low-skilled essential-skills work visa. This does not, however, prevent the migrant from applying for an essential-skills visa at a higher skill level or for a visa in another category entirely. Those in positions assessed as skill levels 4–5 under ANZSCO and paid below $19.97p/h will only be issued a 12-month work visa, and will be unable to sponsor a partner for a work visa or a child for domestic student status. There are some elements of the policy change that are not retrospective. It is, therefore, vital to seek specific advice in each case. Many employers will now be faced with the prospect of increasing salaries to attract migrants or expending more time and resources to recruit and train New Zealanders. However, it is recalled that many employers, particularly in the regions, have experienced recruitment difficulties for decades. It is, therefore, unclear whether these changes will produce the desired increase in job opportunities and salaries for New Zealanders or whether they will only add to the recruitment woes of employers. Corresponding author Stewart is a Senior Solicitor with Ryken and Associates (www.rykenlaw.co.nz). He assists in all aspects of immigration and refugee law, including advising on visas, deportation and humanitarian claims. He has experience in representing clients at the Immigration and Protection Tribunal, Family Court, District Court and High Court. Stewart is an active member of the Auckland District Law Society’s Immigration and Refugee Law Committee, where he engages with Immigration New Zealand, the Immigration Protection Tribunal, and other outside organisations, to help shape and inform discussion on immigration and refugee-related policy matters. His work has been published in the New Zealand Law Society’s official magazine (LawTalk) and the New Zealand Law Journal. Stewart Dalley can be contacted at: stewart@rykenlaw.co.nz References (1) New Zealand Immigration. www.immigration.govt.nz/about-us/research-and-statistics/statistics (2) Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. Aide Memoire Information for Ministers: Composition of the Skilled Migrant Category – updated slide pack, May 26, 2016.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain prevalent earnings differentials in Gulf Cooperation Council’s (GCC’s) private sectors between skilled local and migrant labor and provide estimates of potential price distortions to underlie future market-based corrective policies that increase participation of locals in private employment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses an individual-level data set on workers’ earnings and productivity-related characteristics to decompose estimated earnings differentials at the mean level and at various percentiles of the earnings distribution via well-established decomposition approaches.FindingsResults show that the real earnings differential between locals and Asians decreases at higher earnings, while that between locals and non-GCC Arabs are relatively stable. Both are characterized by overpayment of locals, that is, self-inflicted by current nationalization policies. Higher earnings of Westerners are due to their superior productivity-related characteristics.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the lack of official individual-level data on workers’ productivity-related characteristics, this paper is compelled to utilize an open-source primary data set. Despite the data set’s ability to reproduce officially published aggregates and produce sound econometric results, findings are not entirely proof against sampling bias.Practical implicationsThe paper demonstrates that the failure of GCC’s nationalization policies is self-inflicted by the current quota system and by the lack of legislative frameworks that ensure equal pay for equal work. Effective nationalization ought to be market based, rather than by fiat.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to analyze GCC’s private earnings differentials at the individual level and provides micro-econometric evidence on existing price distortions.

The title The Location of Culture suggests that the book's author, Homi K. Bhabha, places an overriding importance on a culture's spatial and geographic situation. Lest Bhabha's readers get too fixated on culture's site and locality, however, the title's emphasis on place is soon qualified by an epigraph from the book's most-cited author, Frantz Fanon, that emphasizes temporality: “The architecture of this work is rooted in the temporal. Every human problem must be considered from the standpoint of time” (qtd. in Bhabha xiv). So, while culture must be located, the architecture of The Location of Culture is rooted in the temporal. The place and time of its moments of production are affirmed throughout its essays with a wealth of contemporary references and opening comments like “In Britain, in the 1980s …” (27). No book of theory is more self-consciously embedded in its own space and time. The Location of Culture, published in 1994, is a very English book, written from within the political, cultural, and intellectual world of the London of the 1980s and early 1990s, in which migrant activists from the Caribbean and South Asia such as Bhabha, Salman Rushdie, and Stuart Hall were challenging the verities of a long-established, socialist, masculinist, English intellectual and political culture. The brilliant innovation of The Location of Culture was to create a new language, a new articulation and understanding of minority positions—which is why the response to it has been so overwhelming, from academics, artists, and many others. The work that went into The Location of Culture was intimately related to Bhabha's own milieu and time: the book is the product of his decennium mirabile in London.

In Switzerland, specific issues related to Muslims have recently emerged in public debates. In addition to the question of radicalization, Muslim migrant populations are affected by social problems such as crime, marginalization, and overrepresentation in prisons. This situation has drawn the state’s attention to the need for implementing new responses to the challenges of religious extremism and social exclusion, particularly involving Muslims. While local authorities have organized trainings and projects to tackle these issues, Islamic grassroots associations have developed some initiatives to address the needs of the population, not only focusing on problems related to Islam and Muslims but also on Swiss society as a whole. Based on a case study of Islamic organizations providing social welfare services, this paper questions the inclusion of such faith-based projects within mainstream society and the area of social work, considering particularly the relation between Islamic organizations and the state.

Innovation contribute to the socio-economic development of a society, and the role of migrant entrepreneurs is slowly getting attention. This study focuses on migratory experiences translated into business ideas with the exploration of business elements that are new, those adapted from other contexts and those shaped by the interaction with people around the entrepreneur. The theoretical inspirations come from the model of diffusion of innovations and the approach of mixed-embeddedness. The relationships product & entrepreneurs, context & entrepreneurs, and connections & entrepreneurs are analysed with 70 interviews in Brescia, Italy and 41 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands as two parallel, but cross-fertilized, cases. Product & entrepreneurs look at incremental innovation in five features: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability. Migrant businesses adapted goods and services using past education, work, migration and cultural practices. Digital technology becomes marketing innovation, and cultural traits become product and production innovation. Context & entrepreneurs provides information about innovation programs in Brescia with a lack of incentives for foreigners. The geographical dispersion of immigrants and potential local customers generates an intermittent ethnic demand and the survival of businesses at small scale. Connections & entrepreneurs show that similar and diverse networks are needed: the former to develop and test ideas, and the latter to implement and expand them. Migratory experiences contribute to the adaptation of innovative ideas with the influence of similar networks; nonetheless a limited implementation of innovative ideas where the quality of the connections, rather than quantity, matters.

The introductory chapter indicates that in music, to transpose a piece means to rewrite it, or to play it in a key or pitch other than the one in which it was originally written or in which it is usually performed. By extension, to transpose a story or incident means to take it out of its usual setting or time and relocate it in another. The works under study in this volume exemplify transpositions in various senses, ranging from literary translation to musical innovation to cinematic creation to artistic interaction among different genres, particularly with respect to contemporary migrations toward Europe. “Transpositions” serve as a conceptual tool for contemplating how writers, filmmakers, playwrights, composers, and artists are inspired to transpose migrant realities into a different linguistic and cultural context in an effort to make them legible or audible in fresh ways. Transpositions carefully examines very different texts in an effort to discern how recent innovations reveal that creativity in French-language works is moving in interesting directions that demonstrate newfound influences, many of which are related to migratory movements.

2016 is the year when virtual and augmented reality takes a boost. We've already seen various Virtual reality (VR) headsets being released and Microsoft new Hololens is finally being realised thus paving the way for Augmented Realities (AR). In this chapter, we will explore further the use of VR in two particular domains in which governments are facing difficulties. The first topic is related to disorders and in the second domain we will consider migration. We will do this by creating new VR experiences, which present to the users alternative realities. The context we will be looking at is that of teacher training. As teaches they cannot fully comprehend what an autistic child or a child migrant experiences simply because they haven't lived through that experience themselves. Thus we have created an innovative inter-faculty collaboration at the University of Malta aimed at addressing this challenge. Previous studies into the importance of VR for teaching and learning, have described the ways in which people immersed in this alternative reality have been affected.

The use of storytelling and digital art as tools to understand a migrant family’s life path will be in the center of an innovative methodology that will ensure the acquisition of multilingual skills and the development of plurilingual awareness, reinforcing the various dimensions of language (aesthetic and emotional, in addition to cognitive), in a creative, collaborative and interdisciplinary work environment. This is especially important among students who are not likely to receive further language training. It is not yet clear how teachers can explore multilingual experiences of learners, both in terms of language learning dimensions but also related with the multiple cognitive connections and representations, as well as to the awareness of language diversity. The JASM (Janela aberta sobre o mundo: línguas estrangeiras, criatividade multimodal e inovação pedagógica no ensino superior) project involves a group of students of the 1st cycle in Media Studies, from the School of Education of Viseu, who will work using photography, digital art and cultural communication, collecting information pertaining to diversified cultural and linguistic contexts of the city of Viseu (Beira Alta, Portugal), both in French and English, centered on a tradition or ritual of a migrant family. Based on an interview, students write the story (in French and English) of the life of migrants and use photography to highlight the most relevant aspect of the migrant’s family life. Using as a starting point an object associated with religion, tradition or a ritual, students create an animated film, in both languages. This approach will allow the exploration of culture and digital scenography, integrating in an innovative interdisciplinary pathway, digital art, multilingual skills and multicultural awareness. Students’ learning progress and teacher roles are assessed during this process, using tests from the beginning to the end of the project.

This contribution intends to present the design, methodology and first results of MEMEX, a 3-year project (2019-2022) funded by the European programme Horizon2020, aimed at promoting social cohesion through collaborative, heritage-related tools that provide inclusive access to tangible and intangible cultural heritage (CH) and, at the same time, facilitates encounters, discussions and interactions between communities at risk of social exclusion. Cultural participation is conceived as a way to engage communities in lifelong learning processes taking place in informal contexts, aiming at promoting social inclusion and cohesion. To achieve these goals, MEMEX uses innovative ICT tools that provide a new paradigm for interaction with heritage through Digital Storytelling (DS), weaving heritage-related memories and experiences of the participating communities with the physical places/objects that surround them. The project encompasses the ICT tools and the use of DS in the framework of Audience Development (AD), defined as a strategic and dynamic process enabling cultural organisations to place audiences at the centre of their action. The use of DS applied to CH is highly related to lifelong learning processes, since it provides knowledge, understanding, awareness, engagement and interest, enjoyment and creativity. The evaluation of a number of DS produced by migrant women participating in a MEMEX pilot project in Barcelona confirms the validity and soundness of the methodology and the power of DS to engage in cultural experiences.