Articles de revues : « Migrant community-based organizations »

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Zamora, Rodolfo García, et Selene Gaspar Olvera. « The 3x1 Program for migrants in Mexico : Boom, decline, and the risks of the disappearance of transnational institutionalized philanthropy ». Migration Letters 17, n^o 6 (22 novembre 2020) : 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i6.1076.

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During 2002 the 3x1 program is established at a national level for migrants of community projects based on collective remittances from migrant organizations and the three levels of the Mexican government, which allowed the institutionalization of the migrant Mexican philanthropy and the impulse for the growth of those organizations in the United States and the funding of over 29,000 community projects with basic infrastructure (water, electricity, sewer system, streets, roads, clinics, schools, and scholarships) from 2003 to 2019. In this paper, we will study the evolution of the program, the debate in what refers to its functioning, as well as its impact, and the possible consequences of its budget exclusion during 2020 with the disappearance of transnational institutionalized philanthropy, through this program, analyzing recent research in several Mexican states.

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Ryazantsev, S. V., O. A. Volkova et A. N. Ostavnaia. « The role of the digital diaspora in overcoming the vulnerabilities of migrants under the covid-19 pandemic (the case of Moldovan migrants) ». RUDN Journal of Sociology 22, n^o 3 (29 septembre 2022) : 544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2022-22-3-544-556.

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Contemporary information-communication technologies contribute to the development of the quasi-institution ‘transnational migrant community’ in the form of digital diaspora. It has several functions: maintaining ties with the country of origin, ensuring transnational interaction, constructing the identity of migrants, consolidating their ethnic community and social adaptation, expressing the subjectivity of the diaspora in the public sphere, psycho-emotional support. The relevance of the study of the digital diaspora’s role in overcoming vulnerabilities of migrants under the pandemic is determined by the need to consider the adaptation of migrants in the context of the transformation of migrations and the use of contemporary information-communication technologies by migrants. The object of the study is the online groups of Moldovan migrants, which are characterized by the rapid institutionalization of diaspora organizations. The authors focus on the mechanisms of social adaptation of Moldovan migrants, which serve to overcome their vulnerabilities and risks under the pandemic with information-communication technologies. The study is based on the concept “digital diaspora” and the secondary analysis of the data from the Representative Office of the International Organization for Migration in Moldova on the Internet practices of Moldovan migrants (2017) and on the situation of migrants under the pandemic (2020). The main research method is the analysis of the content of the largest Internet groups of Moldovan migrants in the social network with the techniques “problem tree” and “decision tree”. The study showed that during the pandemic, the Internet groups of Moldovan migrants became a platform for their self-organization and overcoming vulnerabilities, and also performed informational, organizational, representative, mobilization and recreational functions. The authors believe that the experience of the Internet groups of Moldovan migrants can be extrapolated to other migrant communities and other contexts supporting the political, economic and social-cultural subjectivity of migrants.

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Chan, C. K. c. « Community-based organizations for migrant workers' rights : the emergence of labour NGOs in China ». Community Development Journal 48, n^o 1 (14 mars 2012) : 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bss001.

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Blukacz, Alice, Báltica Cabieses, Alexandra Obach, Alejandra Carreño Calderón, María Inés Álvarez, Paula Madrid et Isabel Rada. « Promoting the Participation of “Hard-To-Reach” Migrant Populations in Qualitative Public Health Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n^o 3 (20 janvier 2023) : 1956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031956.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has further deepened socioeconomic and health inequities worldwide, especially among populations experiencing social vulnerability, such as international migrants. Sustained lockdowns and social distancing have raised challenges to conducting public health research with hard-to-reach populations. This study aims at exploring strategies to recruit “hard-to-reach” international migrants for qualitative public health research during the pandemic in Chile, based on the authors’ experience. A retrospective qualitative evaluation process was carried out on the recruitment processes of three qualitative research projects focused on international migrants in Chile. All projects were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, demanding complementary and flexible strategies: (i) social media; (ii) snowball sampling; (iii) referrals from social workers and pro-migrant and migrant-led organizations; (iv) vaccination centers and healthcare centers; and (v) community-based recruitment. The strategies are qualitatively evaluated around seven emerging qualitative categories: (i) feasibility during lockdown periods; (ii) speed of recruitment; (iii) geographical coverage; (iv) sample diversity; (v) proportion of successful interviews; (vi) ethical considerations; and (vii) cost. Engaging hard-to-reach international migrants in public health research during the pandemic required constantly adapting recruitment strategies. Furthermore, relying on strategies that were not only Internet-based promoted the participation of populations with limited access to the Internet and low-digital literacy.

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Rafieifar, Maryam, Miriam Potocky, Hui Huang, Richard L. Beaulaurier et Sloan Bruan Lorenzini. « Experiences of Undocumented Parents Reuniting with Children Who Entered the United States as Unaccompanied Minors ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n^o 5 (3 mars 2023) : 4496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054496.

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In 2021, the United States saw an exponential influx of unaccompanied migrant children crossing the U.S.–Mexico border. Upon apprehension at the border, unaccompanied children are placed in the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) temporary shelter facilities. The ORR is responsible for locating, vetting, and releasing the children to their family, guardians, or a suitable sponsor. Undocumented parents seeking reunification may fear cross-examination and background checks. This study aimed to explore the experiences of undocumented families reunified with their children with the help of a community-based organization (CBO). A collective case study method was used to collect qualitative data from seven parents. Respondent parents expressed their rationale for allowing their children to cross the U.S.–Mexico border, their experience with the ORR, and the reasons they pursued community-based guidance. The results document the depth of trauma and difficulties parents of unaccompanied migrant children face with American service providers. It is recommended that immigration-related government agencies form relationships with culturally diverse organizations that are trusted by immigrant communities.

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Luzyanina, Ekaterina G., et Olga I. Borodkina. « SOCIAL RISKS OF INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRANTS IN THE HOST COMMUNITY ». Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, n^o 4 (2018) : 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2018-4-604-612.

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International migration is a complex socio-economic process that affects all areas of the society. Russia belongs to the group of world leaders in the number of international immigrants. Most of the labor migrants arrive in Russia from the CIS countries; and in varying degrees, each of them has to face problems of inclusion in the host society. In this article, the process of integration of international immigrants is discussed primarily from the perspective of obtaining and changing their legal status. The analysis of regulatory legal acts, as well as the results of expert interviews conducted with managers and specialists of non-governmental organizations working with migrants, revealed the main barriers for the inclusion of migrants in the host community, as well as the necessary conditions for the successful integration of migrant workers. According to experts, many international migrants are forced to be outside the legal field; one of the reasons is the underdeveloped infrastructure of social institutions that provide services for migrants at all stages of their integration, starting with obtaining the documents necessary for staying in Russia. Moreover, even legal migrants regularly face violations of their labor rights (the absence of an employment contract, pay discrimination, exploitation), which also make difficulties to their inclusion in the host society. The Russian migration policy is focused on the integration and adaptation of international migrants, but this process can be effective only when based on interaction of state structures, local governments, employers, representatives of diasporas, and non-profit organizations.

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Yildiz, Gaye Burcu. « Legal and social aspects of migrant employment in Turkey ». Z Problematyki Prawa Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej 20, n^o 3 (21 avril 2022) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.05.

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For over a decade, Turkey has been facing mass influx of Syrian citizens – besides Afghans, Iraqis, and Iranians – who are seeking international protection. This humanitarian problem has many different aspects, e.g., providing housing, employment, health services, and education. The general rule regarding the accommodation of refugees and asylum seekers is temporary accommodation centres. But this cannot be realised in the Syrian migrants’ case due to their massive numbers. Turkey is hosting 3,6 million Syrians under the temporary protection status. This international protection type does not give them the right to work per se. Like other foreigners who want to work in Turkey, Syrians have to apply for a work permit. In practice, many of the Syrians work informally, which causes major infringements of fundamental rights. Besides the legal aspect, this problem has to be handled by the cooperation of different fields of social sciences, especially by sociology and public policy. The implementation of legal instruments will not solve the social problems unless the integration of the migrants to the host community is realised with appropriate public incentives. This paper examines the national legislation concerning migrant workers. Following this examination, the author analyses the actual situation deriving from practice, based on prior research and reports of national and international organizations.

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Nurmila, Nina. « New Grounded Feminist Approach to Islam in Indonesia : A Textual Analysis of Rahima and Fahmina’s Publications ». Journal of Asian Social Science Research 2, n^o 1 (6 août 2020) : 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jassr.v2i1.11.

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This article aims to offer a textual analysis of Rahima and Fahmina’s publications. Rahima and Fahmina are two Non-Government Organizations founded in 2000 by a young generation of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), one of the largest moderate Muslim organizations in Indonesia. There are more similarities than differences between Rahima and Fahmina because the persons involved in the organizations are close friends and, in fact, the same persons even though both are based in two different cities. Since their foundation, both Rahima and Fahmina have published many books and magazines. This article argues that both Rahima dan Fahmina publications offer a new grounded feminist approach to Islam, which counterbalance the dominant male-biased normative approach to Islam in most Muslim societies. These publications are based on their feminist activism and community engagement with the grass-root level of many Nahdlatul Ulama pesantrens (Islamic boarding schools). The topics of their publication cover many current issues such as fiqh of women’s reproductive rights and empowerment, fiqh of the daily life of migrant workers, fiqh of anti-trafficking, prevention of child marriage, violent extremism and religious pluralism. As a result, the progressive nature of their publications negates the existing label of NU as the traditionalist organization.

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Telenta, Joanne, Sandra C. Jones, Kate L. Francis, Michael J. Polonsky, Joshua Beard et Andre M. N. Renzaho. « Australian lessons for developing and testing a culturally inclusive health promotion campaign ». Health Promotion International 35, n^o 2 (26 février 2019) : 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day118.

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Abstract The purpose of the study was to develop and test culturally appropriate health promotion materials that were seen to be socially inclusive in regard to blood donation within the Australian-African community. Materials were produced in multiple languages (English, Arabic, Swahili and Kirundi) and were initially developed based on previous pilot data, with feedback from the project partner (Australian Red Cross Blood Service) and the African community. Seven formative focus groups with 62 participants were then conducted to ensure the materials would be effective, credible and culturally acceptable to the target audience, including preferred messages, taglines and images. The response confirmed that quotes and images from community members (as opposed to actors) were critical to ensure messages were engaging and believable, and had meaningful taglines that were perceived to be authentic. The refined materials were then used in a community intervention study. The evaluation included an assessment of respondents’ views of the messages post-intervention. Of the 281 African migrants who saw the campaign materials during the intervention period, the majority (75.8%) strongly agreed that the materials made them feel part of the wider Australian community. These results suggest that engagement in developmental activities with targeted communities is important for creating positively viewed culturally targeted public health campaigns. A six-step process is suggested that could be used by other organizations to ensure that messages are acceptable to targeted migrant communities.

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Barglowski, Karolina, et Lisa Bonfert. « The Affective Dimension of Social Protection : A Case Study of Migrant-Led Organizations and Associations in Germany ». Social Sciences 11, n^o 11 (3 novembre 2022) : 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11110505.

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This article follows the recent ‘affective turn’ in social sciences and migration scholarship by analyzing the role of emotions in the handling of social risks by people with different migration biographies. The study is based on large-scale research with migrant organizations in Germany, which are important, though often neglected, sources of social protection, identity development, and community building. Interviews and egocentric network diagrams with people using services in various organizations demonstrate the impact of emotions on social protection practices. Contrasting these practices among adult movers, the German-born, and the 1.5 generation with different migration biographies, we shed light on the processual, material, and relational nature and the emotional dimensions of dealing with social risks. In doing so, this work aims to engage in discussions on emotions in migration and settlement processes and to increase the understanding of their impact on social protection.

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Osipov, Evgeny Aleksandrovich. « The activities of the organization "SOS Racism" in the framework of French migration policy. 1983-1989. » Genesis : исторические исследования, n^o 8 (août 2022) : 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.8.38659.

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The article analyzes the French state policy on the preservation of national and religious identity in the period from the march for equality and against racism in 1983 to the first scandal with the wearing of religious clothing in a public educational institution in 1989. "SOS Racism" was created in 1984. with the support of the ruling Socialist Party in France at that time and thanks to the attention of the major media, he quickly became the most famous anti-racist organization in France, turning into a symbol of French policy towards migrants of Muslim faith. The article, based on modern French historiography and memoirs of direct participants in the events, shows that the main activity of "SOS Racism" was aimed at working with university students and lyceum students in order to consolidate left-wing political views among young people to counter the growing popularity of the National Front, and not at improving the lives of migrants in the difficult suburbs of large French cities. Over time, SOS Racism increasingly turned from a public to a political organization, which became especially noticeable during the pre-election campaign before the presidential elections of 1988, when SOS Racism held large-scale events in support of F. Mitterrand. As a result, a power vacuum appeared in the suburbs of large cities, which was quickly filled by Muslim organizations, some of which were radical, fundamentalist in nature and almost all of them existed on foreign money. Thus, the rise in popularity of the Salafists and the Muslim Brotherhood, which began in the 1980s, largely determining the agenda of radical Islam in the modern Fifth Republic, was, among other things, a consequence of the unsuccessful work of the "SOS Racism" with the migrant community of France.

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Picchio, Camila, Ariadna Rando-Segura, Emma Fernandez, Nélida López, Silvia Gómez Araujo, Daniel Kwakye Nomah, Omar Diatta et al. « HBV screening in west african migrant community and faith-based organizations increases HBV vaccination among this high-risk population in greater Barcelona, Spain ». Journal of Hepatology 77 (juillet 2022) : S207—S208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(22)00788-7.

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Miller, Aaron S., Henry C. Lin, Chang-Berm Kang et Lawrence C. Loh. « Health and Social Needs in Three Migrant Worker Communities around La Romana, Dominican Republic, and the Role of Volunteers : A Thematic Analysis and Evaluation ». Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016 (2016) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4354063.

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Objective.For decades, Haitian migrant workers living in bateyes around La Romana, Dominican Republic, have been the focus of short-term volunteer medical groups from North America. To assist these efforts, this study aimed to characterize various health and social needs that could be addressed by volunteer groups.Design.Needs were assessed using semistructured interviews of community and professional informants, using a questionnaire based on a social determinants of health framework, and responses were qualitatively analysed for common themes.Results.Key themes in community responses included significant access limitations to basic necessities and healthcare, including limited access to regular electricity and potable water, lack of health insurance, high out-of-pocket costs, and discrimination. Healthcare providers identified the expansion of a community health promoter program and mobile medical teams as potential solutions. English and French language training, health promotion, and medical skills development were identified as additional strategies by which teams could support community development.Conclusion.Visiting volunteer groups could work in partnership with community organizations to address these barriers by providing short-term access to services, while developing local capacity in education, healthcare, and health promotion in the long-term. Future work should also carefully evaluate the impacts and contributions of such volunteer efforts.

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Kosny, Agnieszka, et Amy R. Allen. « Falling through the cracks ? An analysis of health and safety resources for migrant workers in Australia ». International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 12, n^o 2 (13 juin 2016) : 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-03-2015-0008.

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Purpose – Many migrants coming to Australia end up in poor quality jobs that can lead to injury or illness. The purpose of this paper is to examine work-related resources available to migrants in Australia to determine whether these contain information on employment standards (ES), occupational health and safety (OHS) and workers’ compensation (WC). Design/methodology/approach – National and state-based websites of government, unions, WC boards and community organizations were searched for relevant materials. Resources were analysed and categorized according to location, content, resource type, audience and language. Findings – We found 175 work-related resources that targeted migrants, or those working with them. The greatest numbers of resources were found in New South Wales, Victoria, and at a national level. There was a lack of comprehensive resources, with most resources containing only general work-related information. Those that had information on ES, OHS and WC generally covered only one topic in depth. Few resources were directed at temporary foreign workers. Although there are many resources to help newcomers find employment, these often do not include comprehensive information about rights at work, injury prevention and WC. Practical implications – Improving the comprehensiveness and accessibility of work-related resources could assist migrant workers in understanding ES, OHS and WC in Australia. Originality/value – This study, a first of its kind in Australia, examines work-related resources aimed at recent immigrants and whether these contain information related to health and safety, employment rights and responsibilities or what to do in the event of an injury. The analysis suggests that there is a paucity of comprehensive resources that address these topics. This is significant because recent immigrants, compared to native-born workers are more likely to work in jobs that expose them to hazards and increase their risk of injury. Resources preparing newcomers for work in Australia should include work and health-related information.

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Ersing, Robin L., et Kiki Caruson. « Strengthening Hazard Resilience : Building Capacity by Empowering Marginalized Women ». International Journal of Mass Emergencies & ; Disasters 35, n^o 2 (août 2017) : 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701703500204.

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The empowerment of women to promote disaster risk reduction is a global concern. Poverty and gender inequality lead to a significant increase in a woman's vulnerability to a disaster event, with female loss of life significantly more likely. This article explores the experiences of women living in impoverished migrant settlements in Ghana, and their efforts to overcome natural hazards and man-made crises through the mobilization of local assets and social networks. Using a community-based participatory research approach, a series of focus groups were convened in Greater Accra and the Volta Basin region to gather a comprehensive reporting of the culturally situated strategies used by marginalized women to enhance disaster resiliency. An assessment of two community-based organizations serving this population provided a context to leverage local assets and resources. The women's experiences informed the development of a resiliency toolkit—the Global Hazard Resilience through Opportunities for Women (GHROW) toolkit—that contains methods for raising awareness, best practices, and capacity building strategies to support women as positive agents of change and leaders in disaster risk reduction.

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De la Pinta Prieto, Sara. « El impacto de la dimensión transnacional en la acción colectiva dentro de los contextos migratorios ». Comunitania. Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Ciencias Sociales, n^o 15 (22 novembre 2019) : 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/comunitania.15.4.

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La interacción entre el modelo de comunidad política fundamentado en el Estado-nación, y la movilidad humana a nivel internacional, ha puesto de manifiesto el conflicto que se produce en torno al acceso a los derechos, el proceso de globalización, la conceptualización de la ciudadanía, y los procesos migratorios en Europa. Teniendo en cuenta este debate, el objetivo de este artículo es el estudio de la acción colectiva desde el asociacionismo de las personas migrantes y refugiadas en la Comunidad de Madrid como sujetos políticos y sociales, aportando información sobre cómo este conflicto se traduce en las narrativas originadas desde las diferentes organizaciones. Los resultados suponen un desafío a la concepción del modelo de Estado-nación como núcleo de análisis de la vida socio-política, y ponen de relevancia la importancia de la dimensión transnacional como eje a la hora de explicar los posicionamientos y la acción colectiva de las diferentes organizaciones.The interaction between the model of political community based on the nation-state and human mobility at the international level has revealed the conflict surrounding access to rights, the process of globalization, the conceptualization of citizenship, and migration processes in Europe. Considering this debate, the objective of this article is the study of collective action done by associations of migrant and refugee people in Comunidad de Madrid as political and social subjects, providing information on how this conflict is translated in the narratives originated from the different organizations. The results represent a challenge to the conception of the nation-state model as the nucleus of analysis of sociopolitical life, and emphasize the importance of the transnational dimension as an axis in explaining the positions and collective action of the different organizations.

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Liu, Lisong. « Chinese Student Migrants and American Religious Organizations (中国留学生移民与美国宗教信仰团体) ». Journal of Chinese Overseas 12, n^o 1 (26 avril 2016) : 122–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341319.

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China has been among the top nations sending international students to the United States, and there many American religious organizations have served Chinese student migrants on and off campus. This article examines these organizations’ missions and strategies for recruiting Chinese students and the students’ varying responses. It also discusses the role of these organizations in Chinese migrant communities, especially concerning migrants’ ethnic identity, community building, and local integration. The analysis is based on extensive interviews with both student migrants and the leaders of religious organizations in a Midwestern American city, as well as on participant observation in various programs of these organizations. Highlighting the historical context of the four waves of Chinese student migration since 1978, this article argues that there is no single pattern of students’ relations with religion (particularly Christianity, in the case of this study), and their experience is not necessarily a story of one-way religious conversion but part of broader cultural engagement and transformation for both student migrants and American religious organizations. This cultural interaction has important implications, given the current surge of Chinese travelling and migrating to the United States and the opportunities and challenges forus-China relations in this new era of China’s rise.中国是在美外国留学生最大的输出国之一，在美国校园内外也有很多宗教信仰团体服务这些中国留学生。本文考察这些团体招收和接触中国学生的宗旨和策略，学生们对此不同的回应，以及这些团体在中国移民社区中的作用，特别是在社区建设，身份认同和当地融入方面的影响。分析主要基于在美国中西部一个城市的调查，包括对学生移民和宗教信仰团体领导者的采访和对相关活动的参与式观察。本文突出1978年后四次中国留学生移民浪潮的历史环境，揭示学生们与宗教间（基督教是本文主要考察对象）的关系没有一个单一的模式。她们的经历也不一定是一种单向的宗教皈依；更好的办法是将其看成一种更广泛意义上的对学生移民和美国宗教信仰团体同样适用和有效的文化对话和转化。这种文化互动在当下中国人到美国旅游和移民数量的剧增，及在中国崛起新形势下中美关系所面对的机遇和挑战的背景下更是意义深远。

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Drury, Abdullah, et Douglas Pratt. « Islam in New Zealand – A Mixed Reception : Historical Overview and Contemporary Challenges ». مجلة كلية الشريعة و الدراسات الإسلامية 39, n^o 1 (juin 2021) : 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2021.0290.

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Purpose: This research aims to discuss the history of Islam in New Zealand, together with some of the pressing issues and challenges Muslims have encountered along the way. Looking back at the history of early Muslim settlers and the emergence of Muslim organizations and allied enterprises, it is clear that the Muslim community in New Zealand has had a rather mixed reception in a land that, on the whole, is perceived to be benignly tolerant and accepting. Methodology: The research is based on a critical analysis of the available literature, both contemporary and historical. This paper explores complicated community developments, conversions to Islam, the violence experienced with defacement and destruction of mosques in reaction to overseas events over recent decades, ongoing Islamophobia, and the infamous 2019 terrorist attack on two mosques in the city of Christchurch. Findings: The research highlights the status of the New Zealand Muslim community and the extent and nature of their influence in the country. It constitutes a social hierarchy with a complex past and multiple internal issues. Accordingly, this paper concludes with a brief discussion of the migrant experience of Muslims. It also elucidates the necessity of further research in the future and emphasizes the need to study the culture, faith and history of New Zealand from various angles. Originality: This is illustrated in the direct attachment of the research to the core topic of religion. This is the first academic study to deal directly with both the history of the Muslim minority and contemporary issues such as Islamophobia following the 2019 massacre.

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Raman, Usha, et Sumana Kasturi. « The Frontlines and Margins : Gendered Care and Covid-19 in the Indian Media ». Media and Communication 11, n^o 1 (28 février 2023) : 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i1.6104.

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Among the many stories that emerged out of India during the pandemic, one was somewhat buried under the media discourse around the migrant crisis, lockdown regulations, and economic fallout. This was the story of striking accredited social health activist workers asking for fair wages, improved benefits, and better working conditions. The Covid-19 crisis highlighted the poor health infrastructure and the precarious, and often, stigmatized nature of frontline work, managed at the community level by paramedical workers, a significant proportion of whom are women. There has been considerable attention paid by feminist groups as well as health-related civil society organizations on the gender-based inequities that have emerged during the pandemic, particularly in relation to care work. This study explores how care work performed by the accredited social health activists was framed in the mainstream media, through an examination of articles in three selected English daily newspapers over one year of the pandemic. Drawing on theoretical work deriving from similar health crises in other regions of the world, we explore how the public health infrastructure depends on the invisible care-giving labor of women in official and unofficial capacities to respond to the situation. The systemic reliance on women’s unpaid or ill-paid labor at the grassroots level is belied by the fact that women’s concerns and contributions are rarely visible in issues of policy and public administration. Our study found that this invisibility extended to media coverage as well. Our analysis offers a “political economy of caregiving” that reiterates the need for women’s work to be recognized at all levels of functioning.

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Carrion, Iraida V., Frances Nedjat-Haiem, Melania Macip-Billbe et Ryan Black. « “I Told Myself to Stay Positive” Perceptions of Coping Among Latinos With a Cancer Diagnosis Living in the United States ». American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 34, n^o 3 (10 juillet 2016) : 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909115625955.

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Purpose: This study contributes to the sparse body of literature examining perceptions of coping among Latino men and women with a cancer diagnosis living in the United States. There are currently 50 million Latinos in the United States and, by 2050, projected to grow to 128 million. Although some research indicates that Latinos have unique sociocultural beliefs that influence their cancer care, very little is known about their perceptions of coping after being diagnosed with cancer. We examined Latino men and women’s perceptions of coping to understand the meaning of their experience with cancer Method: Using criterion sampling technique, 60 immigrant and migrant Latino men and women diagnosed with cancer within the past 5 years were recruited from community-based organizations, clinics, and churches. The study consisted of 60- to 90-minute semistructured interviews asking open-ended questions pertaining to coping. The qualitative design facilitated an understanding of coping within the participants’ social and cultural contexts. Results: Median age of the participants was 55 years. Among the women, 80% had breast cancer; 12% had ovarian cancer; and 8% had throat, thyroid, stomach, or skin cancers. Among the men, 94% had prostate cancer and 6% had brain, colorectal, or lung cancers. Emerging themes associated with the development of coping strategies involved positive reframing, family support, religion and spirituality, and support from health care providers. The term “positive reframing” relates to finding meaning and positive emotions that help sustain the coping process, despite having a cancer diagnosis. In addition, when medical and helping professionals provided tangible support, participants engaged in meaning-based coping. Conclusion: This study provides insights regarding the existing coping strategies which Latinos utilize and provides clinician-tangible information pertaining to participant’s engagement in meaning-based coping. Family support facilitated coping among the Latino men and women. The role of religion and spirituality in the lives of the participants enabled them to cope with the cancer diagnosis. Future research is necessary to examine coping strategies regarding specific cancers at end of life.

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VIGOUROUX, CÉCILE B. « “The smuggling of La Francophonie” : Francophone Africans in Anglophone Cape Town (South Africa) ». Language in Society 37, n^o 3 (12 mai 2008) : 415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404508080561.

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ABSTRACTFocusing on Black Francophone migrants in Cape Town, it is argued that a locally based Francophone identity has emerged in South Africa that questions the institutional discourse of La Francophonie as the organization of French-speaking states. The new identity has little to do with the organization's ideology of a transnational community of people united by a common language and culture. This is shown by deconstructing the category of passeurs de Francophonie (literally ‘smugglers of la Francophonie’ as practice) to which the organization assigns migrants in non-Francophone countries who allegedly spread the French language and Francophone culture. It is argued that the notion of “Francophone” must be grounded empirically and approached in relation to the social environment of the relevant speakers. The post-apartheid South African setting assigns it a meaning different from what it has in Francophone states.

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Wirtz, Andrea L., Kathleen R. Page, Megan Stevenson, José Rafael Guillén, Jennifer Ortíz, Jhon Jairo López, Jhon Fredy Ramírez et al. « HIV Surveillance and Research for Migrant Populations : Protocol Integrating Respondent-Driven Sampling, Case Finding, and Medicolegal Services for Venezuelans Living in Colombia ». JMIR Research Protocols 11, n^o 3 (8 mars 2022) : e36026. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/36026.

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Background Epidemiologic research among migrant populations is limited by logistical, methodological, and ethical challenges, but it is necessary for informing public health and humanitarian programming. Objective We describe a methodology to estimate HIV prevalence among Venezuelan migrants in Colombia. Methods Respondent-driven sampling, a nonprobability sampling method, was selected for attributes of reaching highly networked populations without sampling frames and analytic methods that permit estimation of population parameters. Respondent-driven sampling was modified to permit electronic referral of peers via SMS text messaging and WhatsApp. Participants complete sociobehavioral surveys and rapid HIV and syphilis screening tests with confirmatory testing. HIV treatment is not available for migrants who have entered Colombia through irregular pathways; thus, medicolegal services integrated into posttest counseling provide staff lawyers and legal assistance to participants diagnosed with HIV or syphilis for sustained access to treatment through the national health system. Case finding is integrated into respondent-driven sampling to allow partner referral. This study is implemented by a local community-based organization providing HIV support services and related legal services for Venezuelans in Colombia. Results Data collection was launched in 4 cities in July and August 2021. As of November 2021, 3105 of the target 6100 participants were enrolled, with enrollment expected to end by February/March 2022. Conclusions Tailored methods that combine community-led efforts with innovations in sampling and linkage to care can aid in advancing health research for migrant and displaced populations. Worldwide trends in displacement and migration underscore the value of improved methods for translation to humanitarian and public health programming. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/36026

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Monaghan, Paul F., Carol A. Bryant, Julie A. Baldwin, Yiliang Zhu, Boubakari Ibrahimou, Jason D. Lind, Ricardo B. Contreras, Antonio Tovar, Tirso Moreno et Robert J. Mcdermott. « Using Community-Based Prevention Marketing to Improve Farm Worker Safety ». Social Marketing Quarterly 14, n^o 4 (26 novembre 2008) : 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000802477607.

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Community-based prevention marketing (CBPM) combines a powerful planning framework, social marketing, with community organization principles to design behavior change programs. In southwest Florida, a coalition comprised of citrus workers and their employers, health providers, and academic researchers is using CBPM to identify occupational health issues among agricultural laborers, conduct community-based participatory research, and design culturally appropriate interventions. This article describes how this coalition was able to apply CBPM successfully to develop and implement an occupational safety program to prevent eye injuries among migrant farm workers. Lessons learned from this project and implications for designing and disseminating occupational safety programs for other agricultural workers are discussed.

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Lyck-Bowen, Majbritt. « Multireligious Cooperation and the Integration of Muslim Migrants in Sweden ». ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 690, n^o 1 (juillet 2020) : 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716220939919.

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In recent years, as the number of migrants arriving in Europe has grown, faith-based organizations have become intimately involved in assisting migrants’ short- and long-term integration. This article describes an innovative cooperative project between minority (mosque) and majority (church) religious institutions designed to enhance integration between Muslim migrants and their predominantly Christian host community. Using survey and interview data, this study finds that participants reported enhanced feelings of welcoming, larger networks of friends and acquaintances, and more engagement in activities after participating in the project.

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Robert Khuana, Josep. « PENGATURAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TENAGA KERJA MIGRAN LINTAS NEGARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL ». Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 8, n^o 8 (7 août 2020) : 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ks.2020.v08.i08.p14.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi tenaga kerja WNI yang bekerja di luar negeri perspektif hukum nasional dan hukum internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, norma-norma hukum/kaidah-kaidah yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan hukum yang dibahas, dilengkapi dengan kasus-kasus yang terjadi saat ini. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah perdagangan manusia merupakan isu Hak Asasi Manusia dalam masyarakat intemasional yang berkembang dengan fokus permasalahan prostitusi yang melibatkan perempuan dan anak-anak, seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, perkembangan jaman serta meningkatnya permintaan, perdagangan manusia tidak lagi berpusat dalam bidang prostitusi, tetapi juga digunakan dalam bentuk praktek-praktek kerja paksa, perbudakan serta penjualan/pemindahan organ-organ tubuh. Dalam upaya mengatur perlindungan buruh migran, majelis umum PBB melalui Resolusi No. 45/158 di New York pada 18 Desember 1990 membuat payung hukum dengan mengeluarkan International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. Dalam upaya pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum terhadap tenaga kerja migran, PBB melalui International Labour Organization (ILO) mengeluarkan konvensi-konvensi yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan buruh migran. Upaya menanggulangi maraknya kasus perdagangan manusia yang tak lepas kaitannya dalam upaya perlindungan buruh migran Indonesia berkomitmen untuk melaksanakan Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children dan menerbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (UU PTPPO). The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the legal protection of Indonesian citizens working abroad from the perspective of national and international law. The research method used is a normative legal research method, using legal approaches and case approaches based on laws and regulations, norms of law / rules relating to legal issues discussed, are equipped with cases which is happening now.The results obtained from this research, human trafficking is a Human Rights issue in the evolving international community with the focus of prostitution issues involving women and children, as time goes on, the times of development and increased demand, human trafficking is no longer centered in the field prostitution, but also used in the form of forced labor, slavery and sale /removal of organs. In an effort to protect the protection of foreign workers, the UN General Assembly through Resolution No. 45/158 in New York on 18 December 1990 made a legal umbrella by issuing the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. In an effort to implement legal protection against foreign workforce, the United Nations through the International Labor Organization (ILO) issues conventions related to the protection of foreign workers. The efforts address the widespread human trafficking case in Indonesian migrant workers' protection is committed to implementing Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children and to issue Law Number 21 Year 2007 on the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons.

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Dwinanto Kurniawan et Nafiah Ariani. « Marketing Social Innovation Products with IMC ». Jurnal Spektrum Komunikasi 10, n^o 4 (30 décembre 2022) : 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37826/spektrum.v10i4.336.

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Cumin tea is an herbal product with myriad of benefits. This tea is produced in Tinumpuk Village, Indramayu Regency. Community-based organization that produces this tea belongs to the Ikatan Mantan Buruh Migran–Desa Tinumpuk (IBU TIN). This study aims to determine the application of integrated marketing communication by CBO IBU TIN, especially in marketing cumin tea. This research uses qualitative approach and case study method. The techniques used to collect data are observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis technique used Miles & Huberman interactive analysis, while triangulation of data sources was used to test the validity of the data. The results of the study shows that marketing of cumin tea products by CBO IBU TIN has used several elements in integrated marketing communication, namely advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, public relations, event marketing, and packaging. This finding also shows that CBO IBU TIN does not use digital (interactive) communication in marketing the cumin tea products. Keywords: Integrated Marketing Communication, Migrant Workers, Cumin Tea

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Zifonun, Dariuš. « Posttraditional Migrants ». Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 44, n^o 5 (3 juin 2015) : 617–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241615587381.

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This article analyses the participation of migrants in sport. Based on the case study of a Turkish soccer club in Germany, it scrutinizes the structural and processual features of ethnic self organization. The club responds to the problems of social order in modern complex societies—problems emanating from the pluralization of social life-worlds—by employing a number of characteristic answers. Among them are the segmentation into sub-worlds, the composition of an integrative ideology of friendship as well as the creation of a soccer style. In processes of legitimation and delegitimation, questions of belonging and recognition are being negotiated. All of this allows for the management of ambivalence in everyday life and contributes to the distinctively posttraditional character of community. The article suggests that a sociology of social worlds approach can substantially contribute to the study of the interactive social structures of society.

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Ledeneva, V. « Administrative and organizational mechanisms for regulating the integration of migrants in Spain ». Upravlenie 7, n^o 3 (21 octobre 2019) : 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-120-126.

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The article analyzes different approaches to the policy of integration of migrants in Spain. The purpose of the article is: to show the experience of integration policy and intercultural dialogue in Spain and to determine the most effective methods for application in the Russian migration policy.The phenomenon of socio-cultural integration of immigrants and intercultural interaction through theoretical and methodological developments of domestic and foreign experts has been considered. Distinctions between the concepts of “adaptation of migrants” and “integration of migrants” have been made. Integration involves the next stage of inclusion after adaptation in the host community. A list of criteria for assessing the processes of integration of immigrants into the host society has been formed, three main groups of criteria have been defined: socio-economic, political, legal and socio-cultural. During the analysis, the author comes to conclusion, that the key direction of the policy of integration of migrants into the host community in Spain is economic integration, which implies the inclusion of migrants in labor relations and is supported by state structures as much as possible.The main directions and effectiveness of the integration policy of Spain have been analyzed. It has been concluded, that the effectiveness depends on the existence of a holistic system of interaction between the Central government, regional and municipal authorities and non-governmental organizations, which greatly simplifies the process of integration of migrants into Spanish society. The article widely uses the results of practical studies of the integration experience of Spain, official reports of the EU supranational bodies on the migration situation in this country, reports on the implementation of specific integration initiatives, as well as the analysis of expert assessments on this issue. The article analyzes the most effective methods of integration of the government of Spain and Spanish public organizations, based on which practical recommendations for Russia are proposed, taking into account the specifics of migration processes.

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Kovtun, E. A., et A. D. Yakolenko. « Expert Estimation of Effectiveness of Social Work with Migrants in Russian Government Institutions and Non-Profit Organizations ». Discourse 6, n^o 1 (5 mars 2020) : 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-1-72-82.

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Introduction. The main challenge faced by many migrants is problems arising during the integration in host communities. Social work with migrants and their families in Russia is an important area. However, up to now, a systematic understanding of what methods of social works used in government institutions and non-profit organizations with migrants are effective is still lacking. The purpose of the research is to study the state of social work with migrants in Russia and to identify the risk factors and the problems in the course of adaptation and integration of migrants into Russian society.Methodology and sources. Data for this study were collected using the qualitative method of a survey to assess the practices of social work with migrants. Semi-structured interviews (30 interviews) were conducted in 2017–2019 in St Petersburg, Moscow and Kazan with employees of professional centers for work with migrants, scientists specializing in the study of migration processes in their various aspects, and organizers of regular events (seminars, conferences) on this topic. Sampling was formed using the snowball method to select the most qualified specialists and practitioners. The number of interviews made it possible to cover various areas of social work with migrants, both in government structures and in non-profit organizations, and to examine both the practice of social work and the management sphere. Processing of results was conducted using the method of expert assessments.Results and discussion. According to the results of interviews, authors identify that the effectiveness of the social works in this sphere is determined by different components of integration with the host community: legal literacy of foreign citizens, increasing their legal security, improving access to health care and education, to housing and the labor market, improving the professional skills of migrants and their knowledge of the Russian language, history and socio-cultural foundations of Russian society.Conclusion. Based on expert assessments, the most effective practices of social work with migrants in the process of adaptation were identified: legal advice, orientation courses, mobile counseling points where migrants can get advice from a social worker, a lawyer, and a doctor, and mobile applications integrated with state and non-state organizations. The results obtained show that the role of non-profit organizations (national cultural organizations for the preservation and development of cultures, the House of Friendship of Peoples) is growing.

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Zhou, Mujun. « Fissures between Human Rights Advocates and NGO Practitioners in China's Civil Society : A Case Study of the Equal Education Campaign, 2009–2013 ». China Quarterly 234 (2 avril 2018) : 486–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018000504.

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AbstractThis article uses a case study to analyse the fissures between human rights advocates and NGO practitioners. Since 2009, the Open Constitution Initiative, an organization run by human rights advocates, has been campaigning for migrant children's right to attend local schools. While fragmented resistance on the same issue has long existed in activities organized by migrant community NGOs, there has been almost no cooperation between the two parties during the campaign. Based on ethnographic research, I elaborate on how these two groups of activists differ in their strategies and goals, and how their choices are related to their understanding of political struggle and political transformation. I contend that this case provides a new lens through which to view the recent decline in some human rights activism in China, and illustrates the importance of investigating the internal structure of civil society.

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Gao, Xiang, Xiaohua Ma, Wang Ke, Pingting Huang, Xiaoting Mi et Kuanmei Liu. « Comparative Study on the Choice of Muslim migrants Residence in Xi’an and Lanzhou Cities, China ». International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, n^o 6 (25 octobre 2019) : 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i6.4583.

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Residential choice is one of the basic contents of urban adaptation of the floating population and an important aspect in determining the quality of life in the city. This study is for Muslim migrants with three attributes (minority, floating population and religious belief). The purpose is to reveal the commonalities and differences in the choice of living spaces of Muslim Migrants in multi-ethnic cities Lanzhou and Xi’an, to provide guidance for the targeted management of Muslim migrants and promote their urban integration. Based on available research data from 2017-2019, the study adopts spatial analysis and regression analysis to explore the results of the selection of Muslim migrants living space in two cities and its influencing factors. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The commonality of Muslim migrants living space in the two cities lies in: the distribution pattern of “Living around the mosque and running business nearby the mosque” still exists. The living space of Muslim migrants consists of points (mosques), lines (streets or traffic lines), and faces (inhabited areas), forming a spatial distribution pattern of the “mosque + community” residential circle. Differences: Muslim migrants in Hui’s street, Xi’an, taking the “Mosque-alley system” as an independent social organization, and their living space presents a " mosque-alley Interlaced" distribution. Muslim migrants living in the urban village community on the periphery of Hui’s street take "mosque" and "farm market" as the dual core, showing the “core (mosque/market) + community” inlaid living space situation. The Muslim migrants in Lanzhou generally live around the mosque or close to the streets and roads that lead to mosque. 2). In terms of commonality, the living choices of Muslim migrants in both cities consider the distance from the place of work, the mosque or the Muslim community to the place of residence. In terms of differences, the residential choice of Muslim migrants in Xi’an is mainly influenced by the composition of the living, the income of wages, and the nature of the occupation. The choice is mainly influenced by the rent level, occupational nature and wage income of the house; and the main influencing factors of the choice of Muslim migrants in Lanzhou are the education level and the rent level of the house. The main influencing factors of residential location selection are education level and mobility purpose. The level of education, traditional living customs, and rent levels have become the core factors determining the urban accommodation adaptation of Muslim migrants.

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Bletzer, Keith V., Alicia Gonzales, Monica Saavedra, Sylvia Partida et Bobbi Ryder. « HIV Prevention Toolkit for Unaccompanied Men Who Perform Agricultural Labor ». Californian Journal of Health Promotion 10, n^o 1 (1 juin 2012) : 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v10i1.1496.

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Farm workers are vulnerable to irregular employment and job uncertainty. These conditions increase the likelihood they will find themselves in living and working sites where risk for HIV is present. Considering the exacerbated risk for HIV among unaccompanied male agricultural workers, a national non-profit farm worker health training and technical assistance organization planned and developed an HIV prevention-education toolkit to assist migrant and community health centers with HIV education to reach this population of vulnerable male farm workers. This article reviews iterative development of the toolkit in three phases, outlines the process whereby community input grounded the product in ways that were culturally responsive and linguistically appropriate for the target population of male farm workers, explores implications of the project as a national initiative to reduce HIV risks in a sizeable but dispersed community, and briefly describes how the overall project was assessed through community-based strategies.

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Aristova, A., Anatolii M. Kolodnyi et D. Shestopalec. « Institutional processes in the Muslim Umma of Ukraine ». Ukrainian Religious Studies, n^o 65 (22 mars 2013) : 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2013.65.216.

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In Ukraine, there are now officially registered six All-Ukrainian Muslim departments and centers, a number of Islamic-based public and political organizations, associations of national minorities, the Islamic lands dominated by Islamic religion. The Islamic community of the country is replenished annually by migrants and students from countries of different Islamic orientation. It is clear that all this actualizes the problem of inter-institutional relations in the Islam of Ukraine, the search for ways and means of minimizing and preventing possible confrontations and conflicts between them.

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Gomez, Ricardo, Bryce Clayton Newell et Sara Vannini. « Empathic Humanitarianism : Understanding the Motivations behind Humanitarian Work with Migrants at the US–Mexico Border ». Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, n^o 1 (20 janvier 2020) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502419900764.

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Executive Summary The growing numbers of vulnerable migrants seeking shelter and refuge in the United States and Europe are finding increased racism and xenophobia as well as renewed efforts by humanitarian volunteers to offer them aid, sanctuary, and protection. This article sets forth a typology to better understand the motivations of volunteers working to help migrants in need of humanitarian assistance. Why do people go out of their way to offer humanitarian aid to someone they do not know and, in some cases, they will never meet? What are the drivers of altruistic behavior of humanitarian volunteers in the face of rising injustice, nationalism, and xenophobia? In answer to these questions, we offer a typology centered on empathic concern, differentiating secular/faith-based motivations, and deontological/moral-virtue motivations, with particular behaviors in each of the four resulting categories: the Missionary Type, the Good Samaritan Type, the Do Gooder Type, and the Activist Type. We also suggest four additional self-centered (non-altruistic, or not-other-centered) types (Militant, Crusader, Martyr, and Humanitarian Tourist). The nuances offered by this typology can help organizations working with migrants and refugees better understand and channel the enthusiasm of their volunteers and better meet the needs of the vulnerable populations they serve. This is especially important at a time when migration is being criminalized and when humanitarian aid is deemed unpatriotic, if not outright illegal. In the face of increased nationalistic and xenophobic messages surrounding migration, we need to articulate the altruistic humanitarian motivations of volunteers in the context of migration aid. Our typology may also be used to understand altruistic behaviors in other contexts such as disaster relief, community organization and activism, international adoptions, or organ donations to strangers, among others, in which altruistic empathic concern can be an important motivation driving people to act for the well-being of distant others.

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Omelchenko, Elena Aleksandrovna. « Education of International Migrants’ Children : A Contribution to the Sustainable Development ? » Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, n^o 2 (15 décembre 2019) : 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-2-306-316.

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Due to the Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015, the world community is to obtain a quality education and a possibility for life-long education for everybody. Children from the families of international migrants are the most vulnerable category of the population. At the end of 2017 nearly 36 million of school age children grew in the families of international migrants. The author describes problems of the education of migrants’ children in the context of the importance of achieving Sustainable Development Goals, stated by the international community. There is an analysis of the European and Russian experience in the sphere of organizing access of migrants’ children to preschool, primary and secondary education. The author has gathered concrete statistics concerning the percentage of international migrants’ children at schools in different countries. Some approaches to teaching and creating a comfortable integration-oriented environment for such children are described. Based on analyzing Russian and foreign publications, as well as on her own research experience, the author names main problems that prevent international migrants’ children from the integration into a new educational environment. Special attention is paid to the linguistic, social and cultural adaptation of such pupils. The efficiency of several concrete integration practices and the potential to apply them in Russia is searched. The author shows that there are no approaches to diagnose processes and results of integration by means of education. There is also no legislative basis for the regulation of such processes. It is shown that it is crucial for Russia to elaborate and implement the united conceptual approach to the organization of social, cultural, linguistic and psychological adaptation of children from the families of international migrants. The author proves that the education of such children is an important strategic priority and investment into the future of the whole world.

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Schulden, Jeffrey D., Thomas M. Painter, Binwei Song, Eduardo Valverde, Mary Ann Borman, Kyle Monroe-Spencer, Greg Bautista, Hassan Saleheen, Andrew C. Voetsch et James D. Heffelfinger. « HIV Testing Histories and Risk Factors Among Migrants and Recent Immigrants Who Received Rapid HIV Testing from Three Community-Based Organizations ». Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 16, n^o 5 (20 mars 2013) : 798–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9811-y.

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Majidi, Nassim. « Community Dimensions of Smuggling : The Case of Afghanistan and Somalia ». ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 676, n^o 1 (21 février 2018) : 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217751895.

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This article uses an ecological systems approach to detail community involvement in smuggling in Afghanistan and Somalia—two countries that have similar patterns of irregular outmigration to the West and geopolitical and human security dynamics. I emphasize community connections and family ties as the key points around which irregular migration takes place and smuggling persists. In both of these countries, smugglers are members of local communities. The social organization of smuggling is strongest at community-based points of origin, then weakens as migrants and smugglers get farther from their homes, owing to a growing diversity of actors, cultures, and languages. By analyzing the strength of ties in communities involved in smuggling, the dynamics of referrals and guarantees, and interactions across various distances, this analysis takes the focus away from the causal and economic logic of smuggling to delve instead into its relational dimensions.

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Sidhu, Ravinder, et Sandra Taylor. « Educational provision for refugee youth in Australia : left to chance ? » Journal of Sociology 43, n^o 3 (septembre 2007) : 283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783307080107.

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This article investigates how education bureaucracies in Australia use languages of categorization and promote community partnerships to construct and govern the refugee subject. We use a framework of governmentality to analyse education policies and statements emerging from two levels of government — Commonwealth and state. Drawing on web-based materials, policy statements and accounts of parliamentary debates, the article documents the ways in which refugee education continues to be subsumed within broader education policies and programmes concerned with social justice, multiculturalism and English language provision. Such categorizations are premised on an undifferentiated ethnoscape that ignores the significantly different learning needs and sociocultural adjustments faced by refugee students compared with migrants and international students. At the same time, educational programmes of inclusion that are concerned with utilizing community organizations to deliver services and enhance participation, point to the emergence of `government through community partnerships' — a mode of governance increasingly associated with advanced liberal societies.

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Gutiérrez Serrano, Dra Norma Georgina. « Producción y circulación de conocimiento en comunidades agrícolas. Prácticas productivas y aprendizaje en la vida cotidiana ». CPU-e, Revista de Investigación Educativa, n^o 17 (15 août 2013) : 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/cpue.v0i17.425.

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Bajo un enfoque de indagación, se revisa el tema de producción y circulación de conocimientos agrícolas en el contexto de comunidades rurales del municipio de Tepoztlán, Morelos, en México. Con base en relatos de vida productiva alrededor de la siembra del maíz, en la que participan niños, familias, migrantes y demás pobladores de las comunidades de Tepoztlán, se identifican y caracterizan conocimientos, saberes tradicionales y contemporáneos y prácticas productivas sobre el cultivo mencionado. El encuentro, el diálogo y el interaprendizaje constituyeron otras estrategias de indagación para explorar y acercarnos a la organización social y cultural en que se realiza esta actividad agrícola. En este trabajo la producción de conocimiento se vincula a los procesos de circulación del mismo, cuya presencia se ubicó en la organización social y familiar de las prácticas productivas, en el aprendizaje social y en la cultura comunitaria. Abstract With a perspective of inquiry, we review the issue of production and circulation of agricultural knowledge in the context of the farming communities of the municipality of Tepoztlan, Morelos in Mexico. Based on life stories about productive life around corn farming involving children, families, temporal migrants and the rest of the population of those communities, we identify traditional and contemporary knowledge as well as agricultural productive practices and the social and cultural organization in which this activity is carried out. In this work, the production of knowledge is linked to the process of circulation, its presence located in the family and social organization of productive practices, in social learning processes and community culture. Recibido: 30 de enero de 2013Aceptado: 16 de mayo de 2013

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Симон, Марк. « Soviet in Form, National in Content : Central Asian Migrants in the Cultural Infrastructure of Moscow ». Journal of Social Policy Studies 18, n^o 4 (29 décembre 2020) : 737–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/727-0634-2020-18-4-737-750.

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Unlike the leisure practices of migrants from Central Asia in large Russian cities, which recently came to the attention of researchers, the presence of this population in the urban cultural infrastructure has hardly been studied so far. This research, based on in-depth interviews with members of community-based organizations and artistic groups established by people from Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, as well as observation of their activities at various cultural venues in Moscow, discusses the peculiarities of post-Soviet diversity management. In this article I am making two main points: (i) The self-presentations of people of Central Asian origin on various public platforms in Moscow largely involve performing the role of ambassadors of a homogenous 'national culture'. Such a form of cultural behaviour, inherited from Soviet past, allows the participants of corresponding events to achieve guaranteed recognition from both the host site and their compatriots. It legitimizes their presence in the public sphere as agents of the 'dialogue of cultures,' since it fits the dominant discourse of ethnic diversity in Russia. Thus, for the majority of informants, culture turns out to be a kind of 'safe space,' cleansed of the daily troubles associated with labour migration; (ii) it may seem that this kind of self-expression for migrants is determined by social powers: whether the latter are officials, responsible for national policy in Moscow, embassies of Central Asian republics, or public organizations calling themselves 'diasporas'. But with a deeper study of the issue, it turns out that the aforementioned scenarios of self-presentation are still playable without direct influence from the authorities. The explanation is that Central Asian migrants voluntarily accept this representation that is Soviet in form and national in content as far as it makes it possible to symbolically overcome the marginalization that they face.

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Karan, Olgu. « The politics of 2011 riots in North London : How riots did not culminate into inter-ethnic conflict ? » BORDER CROSSING 8, n^o 1 (1 juin 2018) : 76–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v8i1.580.

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While there has been a considerable research study into the causes and consequences of the 2011 riots and rioters' composition in terms of their class, ethnic origin and gender, there is much less on the shop-keepers perspectives on the August, 2011 riots in London. One of the consequence of this under-research area is little is known about how riots affect relationships between communities in multi-ethnic London. Based on forty interviews conducted with Kurdish and Turkish (KT) shop-owners and key persons from community organizations in North London, the findings of this study state that the theory of middleman minorities does not provide conceptual insight to explain the events. Rather, utilization of theory of framing sheds light upon the perceptions and actions of migrants from Turkey and inter-ethnic relationships in North London. This article argues that KT shopkeepers, community organizations and rioters managed to generate a shared consciousness during face-to-face encounters on the streets. The conscious efforts of shopkeepers and rioters constructed an interest alignment against government policy for cutting social programmes, economic deprivation, and police misconduct. To this end, members of ethnic groups prevented inter-ethnic conflict.

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Watson, Terri Nicol. « Effective school leadership and New York City’s immigrant and migrant children : a study ». International Journal of Educational Management 31, n^o 5 (12 juin 2017) : 622–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-11-2016-0244.

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Purpose This paper provides insight into the effective education of immigrant and migrant children: many of whom are classified in New York City’s public schools as English language learners. It also highlights the ways in which New York City prepares school leaders and the policies that govern their actions. Design/methodology/approach Literature review. Findings The practices of New York City’s school leaders are governed by the Chancellor’s Regulations. These comprehensive mandates consist of four components and address issues related to students in grades K-12, school-based budgets, personnel matters, and parent and community engagement. In relation to students, including those classified as immigrant, migrant, and English language learners the Chancellor’s Regulation A-101 makes it clear: children may not be refused admission to a public school because of race, color, creed, national origin, gender, gender identity, pregnancy, immigration/citizenship status, disability, sexual orientation, religion, or ethnicity. Research limitations/implications Implications for future research: How can school leaders (and educational activists) continue to support and advocate for immigrant and migrant children under the presidency of Donald J. Trump. Practical implications Knowledge gleaned from this study may be of use to schools, districts, and educational leaders in the USA and abroad faced with similar demographic trends. Social implications This manuscript examined the ways in which The City University of New York prepares school leaders, the required State exams for school leaders, and the educational policies that govern the practices of New York City’s school leaders that are germane to English language learners. Originality/value This review of the literature may study may be of use to schools, districts, and educational leaders in the USA and abroad.

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Lykes, M. Brinton, Rachel M. Hershberg et Kalina M. Brabeck. « Methodological Challenges in Participatory Action Research with Undocumented Central American Migrants ». Journal for Social Action in Counseling & ; Psychology 3, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2011) : 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/jsacp.3.2.22-35.

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An interdisciplinary participatory action research (PAR) project was designed in collaboration with local immigrant organizations to document the impact of deportation policy on Central American immigrant families living in the northeastern U.S. This paper reports on selected methodological challenges of university-based co-researchers in this community-university PAR process which is currently concluding its fourth year. The paper discusses the iterative action-reflection processes focusing on: (1) an overview of the PAR project and its multiple phases within the U.S. and in Guatemala; (2) select challenges and contributions of the PAR approach for participating immigrant families “living in the shadows” and, (3) methodological concerns from the three coauthors, who include a graduate student who joined the early stages of partnership-building; an assistant professor in the early stages of her career; and a senior scholar with many years of experience in activist scholarship. We conclude with thoughts on why, despite these challenges, PAR is “worth the trouble”.

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Rizal, Mohammad, Rois Arifin, Afi Rachmat Slamet et Arini Fitria Mustapita. « A Sosialisasi Purna Perkerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat ». Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat 7, n^o 4 (30 novembre 2022) : 883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30653/002.202274.175.

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SOCIALIZATION OF PURNA PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA (PMI) IN IMPROVING THE COMMUNITY ECONOMY. Data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) shows that the number of unemployed in Indonesia is increasing due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The program for placing workers abroad is one alternative to reduce unemployment in the country. However, the role of Purna PMI's efforts on community economic development in Malang Regency has not been widely studied. With this service, it is hoped that it will be known how mu ch the efforts of Purna PMI have played a role in expanding job opportunities, empowering the community's economy. The method used in this research is the Community Based Interactive Approach Method (CBIA). The socialization was carried out by providing material on the community's economy from the perspective of Management, Employment, Organization and Banking. The program was chosen because it is considered important and is expected to provide education to Retired PMI. With the implementation of the socialization program regarding the improvement of the community's economy, all parties benefit, especially for the Retired PMI Malang Regency. Overall, the implementation of the socialization can be said to be successful because the participants were able to master it, as evidenced by the distribution of questionnaires to the participants and the comparison of the percentage before and after the socialization that was obtained with the figure before socialization was 21% and after socialization was 84%.

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Ouedraogo, Lala, et Patrick Mundler. « Local Governance and Labor Organizations on Artisanal Gold Mining Sites in Burkina Faso ». Sustainability 11, n^o 3 (24 janvier 2019) : 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030616.

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This paper based on the institutional analysis and development framework (IAD) is to discuss the local governance and labor organizations on artisanal gold mining camps in Burkina Faso; a West African country that in recent years has been increasingly exploiting its gold reserves. Field data were collected from three sites in the villages of Diosso, Siguinoguin and Zincko in accordance with the purposive sampling. One major finding gleaned from the on-site research is that forms of governance vary along a continuum from flexible (enforced by a joint powers: artisanal miners’ union, customary authorities and landowners) to rigid (enforced by landowner). Another finding is that the type of relationship between indigenous communities and miners depend on the importance of the authocthony of the artisanal miners. Indeed, they are harmonious in Zincko, where miners originate from the village, whereas they are tense in Siguinoguin, which is populated by migrants. Eventually, this paper relies on the French school of proximity to enrich the definitions given to the attributes of the physical world and the attributes of the community highlighted by Ostrom’s theory as geographical proximity fails to detail forms of relational proximity that clearly structure the way governance is organized on the mining camps.

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Delabre, Rosemary M., Adeline Bernier, Flor Sánchez, Antoine Vilotitch, Sophocles Chanos, Maria Luisa Cosmaro, Harriet Langanke et al. « “Yes, I’m interested in taking PrEP!” : PrEP interest among women respondents to the European community-based survey “Flash ! PrEP in Europe” ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 2 (17 février 2021) : e0246037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246037.

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The World Health Organization recommends pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for all populations at substantial risk of HIV infection, including women. However, data regarding PrEP interest among women is lacking, particularly in Europe. Factors associated with interest in using PrEP were assessed among women respondents to the Flash! PrEP in Europe (FPIE) survey. This community-based cross-sectional study, conducted in 12 European countries, aimed to assess PrEP knowledge and interest. “High objective risk” (HOR) was assessed using established risk criteria following EACS and CDC guidelines. Factors associated with interest in using PrEP were assessed in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Among 678 women, 12.5% (n = 85) were considered at HOR, 46.8% (n = 317) indicated prior PrEP knowledge and 18.0% (n = 122) reported interest in using PrEP. Among women at HOR, 40.0% (n = 34) were interested in PrEP. Factors significantly associated with PrEP interest in the final multivariable model were: younger age (18–29 years) (aOR 1.91[95CI: 1.07; 3.41]), bad self-perceived financial status (1.84[1.09; 3.11]), migrant status (south to north) (2.87[1.05; 7.89]), single or dating relationship status (1.93[1.23; 3.03]), sexual abuse history (1.86[1.17; 2.97]), “rather high”/ “high” self-perceived HIV risk (3.21[1.32; 7.81]), and HOR (2.49[1.42; 4.35]). These results show that women at HOR and those who perceived themselves to be at high risk are interested in using PrEP. There is a critical need for targeted information and improved access to PrEP to increase uptake of this HIV prevention tool to meet PrEP interest among women.

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Espeso-Molinero, Pilar, et María José Pastor-Alfonso. « Governance, Community Resilience, and Indigenous Tourism in Nahá, Mexico ». Sustainability 12, n^o 15 (24 juillet 2020) : 5973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155973.

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Employing resilience as the theoretical and methodological framework and focusing on governance, this long-term anthropological study analyzes the socio-ecological system of a small indigenous community, with community-based tourism development. After 10 years of ethnographic and participatory work with the Lacandon Maya of Nahá, Mexico, our anthropological research explores the complexities of community governance and its role in protecting the socio-ecological system. The processes of land restitution initiated by the Mexican government and the arrival of migrants from different ethnic groups in the surrounding areas have resulted in significant socio-ecological adjustments being made at the community level. A self-regulated governance system is evaluated to understand the drivers and variables that generated vulnerabilities in the system, as well as the factors that fostered resilience in the establishment of the Nahá’s Natural Protected Area of Flora and Fauna. Our results show that although the current Lacandon political organization is fairly recent, pressures from neighboring communities have fostered resilience responses. To protect their space from such pressures, the Lacandon, convinced of their ethnic legitimacy as guardians of the Lacandon Jungle, have internalized the official political-environmentalist discourse. This role has had critical implications for the birth and development of the Indigenous tourism system.

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Кульбачевская, Ольга Вячеславовна. « СОЦИАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНАЯ АДАПТАЦИЯ И ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ МИГРАНТОВ В РОССИИ : К ВОПРОСУ О МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОМ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИИ ». Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), n^o 4 (52) (12 décembre 2020) : 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2020-52-4/136-152.

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В статье рассматриваются концептуальные подходы, практические меры, слабые стороны и положительные новации в сфере реализации государственной миграционной политики и государственной национальной политики РФ в отношении адаптации и интеграции мигрантов. Изучен характер взаимодействия мигрантов и принимающего российского общества и его влияние на адаптационные и интеграционные процессы. Проанализировано восприятие культурных отличий в молодежной среде (по результатам исследования в школах и вузах г. Москвы). Делается вывод, что большинство россиян не настроено на активное взаимодействие c инокультурными мигрантами, что является препятствием для успешной интеграции мигрантов. Потенциал для успешных интеграционных процессов наблюдается в образовательной среде. Несмотря на то, что в нашей стране на сегодняшний день отсутствуют полноценные условия для успешной интеграции мигрантов, в последние несколько лет происходят положительные изменения. Если раньше государственные институты выполняли функции преимущественно по социальной адаптации мигрантов (административно-правовой аспект), то в настоящее время со стороны органов власти увеличивается поддержка некоммерческих организаций, осуществляющих деятельность по адаптации и интеграции мигрантов в принимающее общество; поддерживаются и распространяются лучшие практики общественного сектора, который всегда понимал важность осуществления проектов, нацеленных на тесное взаимодействие мигрантов и местного сообщества. The article examines conceptual approaches, practical steps, weaknesses and positive innovations in the implementation of the State Migration Policy and the State National Policy of the Russian Federation in relation to adaptation and integration of migrants. The article studies the nature of interaction between migrants and the host Russian society and its impact on adaptation and integration processes. It analyzes the perception of cultural differences among young people (based on the results of research done in schools and universities in Moscow). The majority of Russians are not inclined to actively interact with foreign-cultural migrants, which is an obstacle to successful integration of migrants. The potential for successful integration processes is observed in the educational environment. Despite the fact that our country currently lacks full-fledged conditions for successful integration of migrants, positive changes have been taking place in the past few years. If earlier state institutions performed functions primarily for the social adaptation of migrants (administrative and legal aspect), now the authorities are increasing support for non-profit organizations that work on adaptation and integration of migrants into the host society; the best practices of the public sector, which has always understood the importance of implementing projects aimed at close interaction between migrants and the local community, are supported and disseminated.

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Antić Gaber, Milica, et Marko Krevs. « Many Faces of Migrations ». Ars & ; Humanitas 7, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2013) : 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.7.2.7-16.

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Temporary or permanent, local or international, voluntary or forced, legal or illegal, registered or unregistered migrations of individuals, whole communities or individual groups are an important factor in constructing and modifying (modern) societies. The extent of international migrations is truly immense. At the time of the preparation of this publication more than 200 million people have been involved in migrations in a single year according to the United Nations. Furthermore, three times more wish to migrate, mostly from sub-Saharan Africa towards some of the most economically developed areas of the world according to the estimates by the Gallup Institute (Esipova, 2011). Some authors, although aware that it is not a new phenomenon, talk about the era of migration (Castles, Miller, 2009) or the globalization of migration (Friedman, 2004). The global dimensions of migration are definitely influenced also by the increasingly visible features of modern societies like constantly changing conditions, instability, fluidity, uncertainty etc. (Beck, 2009; Bauman, 2002).The extent, direction, type of migrations and their consequences are affected by many social and natural factors in the areas of emigration and immigration. In addition, researchers from many scientific disciplines who study migrations have raised a wide range of research questions (Boyle, 2009, 96), use a variety of methodological approaches and look for different interpretations in various spatial, temporal and contextual frameworks. The migrations are a complex, multi-layered, variable, contextual process that takes place at several levels. Because of this, research on migrations has become an increasingly interdisciplinary field, since the topics and problems are so complex that they cannot be grasped solely and exclusively from the perspective of a single discipline or theory. Therefore, we are witnessing a profusion of different “faces of migration”, which is reflected and at the same time also contributed to by this thematic issue of the journal Ars & Humanitas.While mobility or migration are not new phenomena, as people have moved and migrated throughout the history of mankind, only recently, in the last few decades, has theoretical and research focus on them intensified considerably. In the last two decades a number of research projects, university programs and courses, research institutes, scientific conferences, seminars, magazines, books and other publications, involving research, academia as well as politics and various civil society organizations have emerged. This shows the recent exceptional interest in the issue of migration, both in terms of knowledge of the processes involved, their mapping in the history of mankind, as well as the theoretical development of migration studies and daily management of this politically sensitive issue.Migration affects many entities on many different levels: the individuals, their families and entire communities at the local level in the emigrant societies as well as in the receiving societies. The migration is changing not only the lives of individuals but whole communities and societies, as well as social relations; it is also shifting the cultural patterns and bringing important social transformations (Castles 2010). This of course raises a number of questions, problems and issues ranging from human rights violations to literary achievements. Some of these are addressed by the authors in this thematic issue.The title “Many faces of migration”, connecting contributions in this special issue, is borrowed from the already mentioned Gallup Institute’s report on global migration (Esipova, 2011). The guiding principle in the selection of the contributions has been their diversity, reflected also in the list of disciplines represented by the authors: sociology, geography, ethnology and cultural anthropology, history, art history, modern Mediterranean studies, gender studies and media studies. Such an approach necessarily leads not only to a diverse, but at least seemingly also incompatible, perhaps even opposing views “on a given topic. However, we did not want to silence the voices of “other” disciplines, but within the reviewing procedures actually invited scientists from the fields represented by the contributors to this volume. The wealth of the selected contributions lies therefore not only in their coherence and complementarity, but also in the diversity of views, stories and interpretations.The paper of Zora Žbontar deals with the attitudes towards foreigners in ancient Greece, where the hospitality to strangers was considered so worthy a virtue that everyone was expected to “demonstrate hospitality and protection to any foreigner who has knocked on their door”. The contrast between the hospitality of ancient Greece and the modern emergence of xenophobia and ways of dealing with migration issues in economically developed countries is especially challenging. “In an open gesture of hospitality to strangers the ancient Greeks showed their civilization”.Although the aforementioned research by the United Nations and Gallup Institute support some traditional stereotypes of the main global flows of migrants, and the areas about which the potential migrants “dream”, Bojan Baskar stresses the coexistence of different migratory desires, migration flows and their interpretations. In his paper he specifically focuses on overcoming and relativising stereotypes as well as theories of immobile and non-enterprising (Alpine) mountain populations and migrations.The different strategies of the crossing borders adopted by migrant women are studied by Mirjana Morokvasic. She marks them as true social innovators, inventing different ways of transnational life resulting in a bottom-up contribution to the integrative processes across Europe. Some of their innovations go as far as to shift diverse real and symbolic boundaries of belonging to a nation, gender, profession.Elaine Burroughs and Zoë O’Reilly highlight the close relations between the otherwise well-established terminology used in statistics and science to label immigrants in Ireland and elsewhere in EU, and the negative representations of certain types of migrants in politics and the public. The discussion focusses particularly on asylum seekers and illegal immigrants who come from outside the EU. The use of language can quickly become a political means of exclusion, therefore the authors propose the development and use of more considerate and balanced migration terminology.Damir Josipovič proposes a change of the focal point for identifying and interpreting the well-studied migrations in the former Yugoslavia. The author suggests changing the dualistic view of these migrations to an integrated, holistic view. Instead of a simplified understanding of these migrations as either international or domestic, voluntary or forced, he proposes a concept of pseudo-voluntary migrations.Maja Korać-Sanderson's contribution highlights an interesting phenomenon in the shift in the traditional patterns of gender roles. The conclusions are derived from the study of the family life of Chinese traders in transitional Serbia. While many studies suggest that child care in recent decades in immigrant societies is generally performed by immigrants, her study reveals that in Serbia, the Chinese merchants entrust the care of their children mostly to local middle class women. The author finds this switch of roles in the “division of labour” in the child care favourable for both parties involved.Francesco Della Puppa focuses on a specific part of the mosaic of contemporary migrations in the Mediterranean: the Bangladeshi immigrant community in the highly industrialized North East of Italy. The results of his in-depth qualitative study reveal the factors that shape this segment of the Bangladeshi diaspora, the experiences of migrants and the effects of migration on their social and biographical trajectories.John A. Schembri and Maria Attard present a snippet of a more typical Mediterranean migration process - immigration to Malta. The authors highlight the reduction in migration between Malta and the United Kingdom, while there is an increase in immigration to Malta from the rest of Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. Amongst the various impacts of immigration to Malta the extraordinary concentration of immigrant populations is emphasized, since the population density of Malta far exceeds that of nearly all other European countries.Miha Kozorog studies the link between migration and constructing their places of their origin. On the basis of Ardener’s theory the author expresses “remoteness” of the emigratory Slavia Friulana in terms of topology, in relation to other places, rather than in topography. “Remoteness” is formed in relation to the “outside world”, to those who speak of “remote areas” from the privileged centres. The example of an artistic event, which organizers aim “to open a place like this to the outside world”, “to encourage the production of more cosmopolitan place”, shows only the temporary effect of such event on the reduction of the “remoteness”.Jani Kozina presents a study of the basic temporal and spatial characteristics of migration “of people in creative occupations” in Slovenia. The definition of this specific segment of the population and approach to study its migrations are principally based on the work of Richard Florida. The author observes that people with creative occupations in Slovenia are very immobile and in this respect quite similar to other professional groups in Slovenia, but also to the people in creative professions in the Southern and Eastern Europe, which are considered to be among the least mobile in Europe. Detailed analyses show that the people in creative occupations from the more developed regions generally migrate more intensely and are also more willing to relocate.Mojca Pajnik and Veronika Bajt study the experiences of migrant women with the access to the labour market in Slovenia. Existing laws and policies push the migrants into a position where, if they want to get to work, have to accept less demanding work. In doing so, the migrant women are targets of stereotyped reactions and practices of discrimination on the basis of sex, age, attributed ethnic and religious affiliation, or some other circumstances, particularly the fact of being migrants. At the same time the latter results in the absence of any protection from the state.Migration studies often assume that the target countries are “modern” and countries of origin “traditional”. Anıl Al- Rebholz argues that such a dichotomous conceptualization of modern and traditional further promotes stereotypical, essentialist and homogenizing images of Muslim women in the “western world”. On the basis of biographical narratives of young Kurdish and Moroccan women as well as the relationships between mothers and daughters, the author illustrates a variety of strategies of empowerment of young women in the context of transnational migration.A specific face of migration is highlighted in the text of Svenka Savić, namely the face of artistic migration between Slovenia and Serbia after the Second World War. The author explains how more than thirty artists from Slovenia, with their pioneering work in three ensembles (opera, ballet and theatre), significantly contributed to the development of the performing arts in the Serbian National Theatre in Novi Sad.We believe that in the present thematic issue we have succeeded in capturing an important part of the modern European research dynamic in the field of migration. In addition to well-known scholars in this field several young authors at the beginning their research careers have been shortlisted for the publication. We are glad of their success as it bodes a vibrancy of this research area in the future. At the same time, we were pleased to receive responses to the invitation from representatives of so many disciplines, and that the number of papers received significantly exceeded the maximum volume of the journal. Recognising and understanding of the many faces of migration are important steps towards the comprehensive knowledge needed to successfully meet the challenges of migration issues today and even more so in the future. It is therefore of utmost importance that researchers find ways of transferring their academic knowledge into practice – to all levels of education, the media, the wider public and, of course, the decision makers in local, national and international institutions. The call also applies to all authors in this issue of the journal.

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Antić Gaber, Milica, et Marko Krevs. « Many Faces of Migrations ». Ars & ; Humanitas 7, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2013) : 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ah.7.2.7-16.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Temporary or permanent, local or international, voluntary or forced, legal or illegal, registered or unregistered migrations of individuals, whole communities or individual groups are an important factor in constructing and modifying (modern) societies. The extent of international migrations is truly immense. At the time of the preparation of this publication more than 200 million people have been involved in migrations in a single year according to the United Nations. Furthermore, three times more wish to migrate, mostly from sub-Saharan Africa towards some of the most economically developed areas of the world according to the estimates by the Gallup Institute (Esipova, 2011). Some authors, although aware that it is not a new phenomenon, talk about the era of migration (Castles, Miller, 2009) or the globalization of migration (Friedman, 2004). The global dimensions of migration are definitely influenced also by the increasingly visible features of modern societies like constantly changing conditions, instability, fluidity, uncertainty etc. (Beck, 2009; Bauman, 2002).The extent, direction, type of migrations and their consequences are affected by many social and natural factors in the areas of emigration and immigration. In addition, researchers from many scientific disciplines who study migrations have raised a wide range of research questions (Boyle, 2009, 96), use a variety of methodological approaches and look for different interpretations in various spatial, temporal and contextual frameworks. The migrations are a complex, multi-layered, variable, contextual process that takes place at several levels. Because of this, research on migrations has become an increasingly interdisciplinary field, since the topics and problems are so complex that they cannot be grasped solely and exclusively from the perspective of a single discipline or theory. Therefore, we are witnessing a profusion of different “faces of migration”, which is reflected and at the same time also contributed to by this thematic issue of the journal Ars & Humanitas.While mobility or migration are not new phenomena, as people have moved and migrated throughout the history of mankind, only recently, in the last few decades, has theoretical and research focus on them intensified considerably. In the last two decades a number of research projects, university programs and courses, research institutes, scientific conferences, seminars, magazines, books and other publications, involving research, academia as well as politics and various civil society organizations have emerged. This shows the recent exceptional interest in the issue of migration, both in terms of knowledge of the processes involved, their mapping in the history of mankind, as well as the theoretical development of migration studies and daily management of this politically sensitive issue.Migration affects many entities on many different levels: the individuals, their families and entire communities at the local level in the emigrant societies as well as in the receiving societies. The migration is changing not only the lives of individuals but whole communities and societies, as well as social relations; it is also shifting the cultural patterns and bringing important social transformations (Castles 2010). This of course raises a number of questions, problems and issues ranging from human rights violations to literary achievements. Some of these are addressed by the authors in this thematic issue.The title “Many faces of migration”, connecting contributions in this special issue, is borrowed from the already mentioned Gallup Institute’s report on global migration (Esipova, 2011). The guiding principle in the selection of the contributions has been their diversity, reflected also in the list of disciplines represented by the authors: sociology, geography, ethnology and cultural anthropology, history, art history, modern Mediterranean studies, gender studies and media studies. Such an approach necessarily leads not only to a diverse, but at least seemingly also incompatible, perhaps even opposing views “on a given topic. However, we did not want to silence the voices of “other” disciplines, but within the reviewing procedures actually invited scientists from the fields represented by the contributors to this volume. The wealth of the selected contributions lies therefore not only in their coherence and complementarity, but also in the diversity of views, stories and interpretations.The paper of Zora Žbontar deals with the attitudes towards foreigners in ancient Greece, where the hospitality to strangers was considered so worthy a virtue that everyone was expected to “demonstrate hospitality and protection to any foreigner who has knocked on their door”. The contrast between the hospitality of ancient Greece and the modern emergence of xenophobia and ways of dealing with migration issues in economically developed countries is especially challenging. “In an open gesture of hospitality to strangers the ancient Greeks showed their civilization”.Although the aforementioned research by the United Nations and Gallup Institute support some traditional stereotypes of the main global flows of migrants, and the areas about which the potential migrants “dream”, Bojan Baskar stresses the coexistence of different migratory desires, migration flows and their interpretations. In his paper he specifically focuses on overcoming and relativising stereotypes as well as theories of immobile and non-enterprising (Alpine) mountain populations and migrations.The different strategies of the crossing borders adopted by migrant women are studied by Mirjana Morokvasic. She marks them as true social innovators, inventing different ways of transnational life resulting in a bottom-up contribution to the integrative processes across Europe. Some of their innovations go as far as to shift diverse real and symbolic boundaries of belonging to a nation, gender, profession.Elaine Burroughs and Zoë O’Reilly highlight the close relations between the otherwise well-established terminology used in statistics and science to label immigrants in Ireland and elsewhere in EU, and the negative representations of certain types of migrants in politics and the public. The discussion focusses particularly on asylum seekers and illegal immigrants who come from outside the EU. The use of language can quickly become a political means of exclusion, therefore the authors propose the development and use of more considerate and balanced migration terminology.Damir Josipovič proposes a change of the focal point for identifying and interpreting the well-studied migrations in the former Yugoslavia. The author suggests changing the dualistic view of these migrations to an integrated, holistic view. Instead of a simplified understanding of these migrations as either international or domestic, voluntary or forced, he proposes a concept of pseudo-voluntary migrations.Maja Korać-Sanderson's contribution highlights an interesting phenomenon in the shift in the traditional patterns of gender roles. The conclusions are derived from the study of the family life of Chinese traders in transitional Serbia. While many studies suggest that child care in recent decades in immigrant societies is generally performed by immigrants, her study reveals that in Serbia, the Chinese merchants entrust the care of their children mostly to local middle class women. The author finds this switch of roles in the “division of labour” in the child care favourable for both parties involved.Francesco Della Puppa focuses on a specific part of the mosaic of contemporary migrations in the Mediterranean: the Bangladeshi immigrant community in the highly industrialized North East of Italy. The results of his in-depth qualitative study reveal the factors that shape this segment of the Bangladeshi diaspora, the experiences of migrants and the effects of migration on their social and biographical trajectories.John A. Schembri and Maria Attard present a snippet of a more typical Mediterranean migration process - immigration to Malta. The authors highlight the reduction in migration between Malta and the United Kingdom, while there is an increase in immigration to Malta from the rest of Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. Amongst the various impacts of immigration to Malta the extraordinary concentration of immigrant populations is emphasized, since the population density of Malta far exceeds that of nearly all other European countries.Miha Kozorog studies the link between migration and constructing their places of their origin. On the basis of Ardener’s theory the author expresses “remoteness” of the emigratory Slavia Friulana in terms of topology, in relation to other places, rather than in topography. “Remoteness” is formed in relation to the “outside world”, to those who speak of “remote areas” from the privileged centres. The example of an artistic event, which organizers aim “to open a place like this to the outside world”, “to encourage the production of more cosmopolitan place”, shows only the temporary effect of such event on the reduction of the “remoteness”.Jani Kozina presents a study of the basic temporal and spatial characteristics of migration “of people in creative occupations” in Slovenia. The definition of this specific segment of the population and approach to study its migrations are principally based on the work of Richard Florida. The author observes that people with creative occupations in Slovenia are very immobile and in this respect quite similar to other professional groups in Slovenia, but also to the people in creative professions in the Southern and Eastern Europe, which are considered to be among the least mobile in Europe. Detailed analyses show that the people in creative occupations from the more developed regions generally migrate more intensely and are also more willing to relocate.Mojca Pajnik and Veronika Bajt study the experiences of migrant women with the access to the labour market in Slovenia. Existing laws and policies push the migrants into a position where, if they want to get to work, have to accept less demanding work. In doing so, the migrant women are targets of stereotyped reactions and practices of discrimination on the basis of sex, age, attributed ethnic and religious affiliation, or some other circumstances, particularly the fact of being migrants. At the same time the latter results in the absence of any protection from the state.Migration studies often assume that the target countries are “modern” and countries of origin “traditional”. Anıl Al- Rebholz argues that such a dichotomous conceptualization of modern and traditional further promotes stereotypical, essentialist and homogenizing images of Muslim women in the “western world”. On the basis of biographical narratives of young Kurdish and Moroccan women as well as the relationships between mothers and daughters, the author illustrates a variety of strategies of empowerment of young women in the context of transnational migration.A specific face of migration is highlighted in the text of Svenka Savić, namely the face of artistic migration between Slovenia and Serbia after the Second World War. The author explains how more than thirty artists from Slovenia, with their pioneering work in three ensembles (opera, ballet and theatre), significantly contributed to the development of the performing arts in the Serbian National Theatre in Novi Sad.We believe that in the present thematic issue we have succeeded in capturing an important part of the modern European research dynamic in the field of migration. In addition to well-known scholars in this field several young authors at the beginning their research careers have been shortlisted for the publication. We are glad of their success as it bodes a vibrancy of this research area in the future. At the same time, we were pleased to receive responses to the invitation from representatives of so many disciplines, and that the number of papers received significantly exceeded the maximum volume of the journal. Recognising and understanding of the many faces of migration are important steps towards the comprehensive knowledge needed to successfully meet the challenges of migration issues today and even more so in the future. It is therefore of utmost importance that researchers find ways of transferring their academic knowledge into practice – to all levels of education, the media, the wider public and, of course, the decision makers in local, national and international institutions. The call also applies to all authors in this issue of the journal.

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