Articles de revues : « Microwave pyrolysi »

1

Bartoli, Frediani, Briens, Berruti et Rosi. « An Overview of Temperature Issues in Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis ». Processes 7, n^o 10 (26 septembre 2019) : 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100658.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical technique to convert waste polymers and biomass into raw chemicals and fuels. However, this process involves several issues related to the interactions between materials and microwaves. Consequently, the control of temperature during microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a hard task both for measurement and uniformity during the overall pyrolytic run. In this review, we introduce some of the main theoretical aspects of the microwaves–materials interactions alongside the issues related to microwave pyrolytic processability of materials.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Sun, Jing, Wen Long Wang, Chun Yuan Ma et Qin Yan Yue. « Study on the Promotion Effect of Microwave-Metal Discharge on the Microwave Pyrolysis of Electronic Waste ». Advanced Materials Research 1088 (février 2015) : 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.843.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This paper discussed the role of microwave-metal discharge on the microwave induced pyrolysis of electronic waste. Two kinds of waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) were selected as the representatives of electronic waste and their pyrolysis processes under both conventional and microwave heating schemes were studied comparatively to reveal the effect of metal discharge. The copper-clad laminated printed circuit board (PCB) is deficient in absorbing microwaves, leading to inefficient microwave pyrolysis of this kind of electronic waste. The discharge caused by introducing metalliferous materials with metal tips or corners in the electromagnetic fields can result in high local temperature and complement the deficiency in the microwave absorption. The pyrolytic process can be promoted greatly by the thermal effect of discharge in the beginning and the enhanced consequent wave-absorption capacity as a result of the generated pyrolytic coke.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Ayatullah, Maulana Wahyu, et Harwin Saptoadi. « Pengaruh Temperatur Pada Microwave Pirolisis Cangkang Kelapa Sawit dan Low Density Polyethylene Dengan Katalis Zeolite/Kalsium Oksida ». Proceedings Series on Physical & ; Formal Sciences 1 (31 octobre 2021) : 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v1i.140.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In general, the use of oil palm parts can be utilized by industry, but it is different from oil palm shells which become waste. The high use of plastic is proportional to the waste generated. So far, both types of waste are problems that have not been resolved. The utilization of waste shell waste and low-density polyethylene using the pyrolysis method. Microwave technology has been widely used as a heat source in the pyrolysis process. The advantages of using microwaves in pyrolysis are fast and selective heating, efficient energy use, and control of pyrolysis products. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of Pyrolytic-oil from the pyrolysis of waste oil palm shells and Low-density polyethylene. The research was conducted using a microwave with temperature variations of 400oC, 450oC, 500oC, 550oC and 600oC. The composition of the main ingredients consisted of 75 grams of palm shells, 75 grams of low-density polyethylene plastic, 56.25 grams of a zeolite catalyst, 56.25 grams of calcium oxide and 131.25 grams of charcoal carbon absorber. The results showed the effect of temperature on pyrolytic-oil productivity; as the temperature increases, the product gas increases. The lowest density value at a temperature of 400oC is 966.8 Kg/m. The lowest viscosity at a temperature variation of 500oC is 2.1 Mpa.s. The highest acidity value is at a temperature of 550oC.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Shi, Kai Qi, Tao Wu, Hai Tao Zhao, Edward Lester, Philip Hall et Yao Dong Wang. « Microwave Induced Pyrolysis of Biomass ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (mai 2013) : 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.127.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Microwave heating has attracted much attention recently due to its nature of volumetric heating and instant heating. In this study, microwave heating was adopted not only as a heating method but also an approach to enhance the pyrolysis of biomass. Microwave induced pyrolysis was carried out at 500°C with silicon carbide as a microwave energy absorber. Conventional pyrolysis of gumwood was also conducted under the same operating temperature as microwave-enhanced pyrolysis. The yields of pyrolytic bio-oil and bio-gas under microwave heating are 8.52 wt% and 73.26 wt% respectively, which are higher than the products obtained via conventional methods under similar operating conditions. A series tests were performed to compare the difference between the yields of pyrolytic products, i.e. gaseous products (bio-gas), liquid products (bio-oil) and solid products( bio-char). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatograph (GC) were used in this study to characterize the morphology of bio-chars, the composition of bio-gas and bio-oil respectively. The bio-oil produced via microwave pyrolysis has simpler constituents compared with that produced via conventional pyrolysis. The proportion of syngas (H2+CO) and methane (CH4) in the gas product produced under microwave-enhanced pyrolysis are 62.52 vol % and 22.41vol % respectively, which are higher than those in the products of conventional pyrolysis. It is clear that microwave-enhanced pyrolysis has shown a great potential as an alternative method for biomass conversion.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Foong, Shin Ying, Rock Keey Liew, Bernard How Kiat Lee et Su Shiung Lam. « Microwave Pyrolysis Combined with CO<sub>2</sub> ; and Steam as Potential Approach for Waste Valorization ». Key Engineering Materials 914 (21 mars 2022) : 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-q43662.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Microwave pyrolysis combined with CO2 and steam environment is investigated for its feasibility as an alternative method for waste disposal. The combined use of CO2 and steam under microwave radiation created a synergistic effect in enhancing the thermal cracking of waste material during pyrolysis. The motivation of using CO2 is to replace N2 as carrier gas during pyrolysis as an effort to reduce the production of potent greenhouse gas. In this study, different types of microwave pyrolysis are performed including conventional, CO2 and CO2+steam on waste particleboard. It was found that the utilization of steam and CO2 affect the final pyrolytic products yield and composition. Incorporating CO2 and steam in microwave pyrolysis decreased the yield of char by 33% but increased the yield of bio-oil by 108%. Biochar obtained under CO2 showed well-developed and cleaner pore structure compared to biochar produced under N2. Our results demonstrate that the utilization of CO2 and steam in microwave pyrolysis shows great potential to convert wastes into value-added char and bio-oil with desirable properties.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Brickler, Colten A., Yudi Wu, Simeng Li, Aavudai Anandhi et Gang Chen. « Comparing Physicochemical Properties and Sorption Behaviors of Pyrolysis-Derived and Microwave-Mediated Biochar ». Sustainability 13, n^o 4 (22 février 2021) : 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042359.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Biochar’s ability to amend and remediate agricultural soil has been a growing interest, though the energy expenses from high-temperature pyrolysis deter the product’s use. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the pyrolysis efficiency while ensuring the quality of produced biochar. The present study utilized three types of feedstock (i.e., switchgrass, biosolid, and water oak leaves) to produce biochar via conventional slow pyrolysis and microwave pyrolysis at different temperature/energy input. The produced biochar was characterized and comprehensively compared in terms of their physiochemical properties (e.g., surface functionality, elemental composition, and thermal stability). It was discovered that microwave-mediated biochar was more resistant to thermal decomposition, indicated by a higher production yield, yet more diverse surface functional groups were preserved than slow pyrolysis-derived biochar. A nutrient (NO3-N) adsorption isotherm study displayed that microwave-mediated biochar exhibited greater adsorption (13.3 mg g−1) than that of slow pyrolysis-derived biochar (3.1 mg g−1), proving its potential for future applications. Results suggested that microwaves pyrolysis is a promising method for biochar production.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Caroko, Novi. « Pirolisis Campuran PET dan LDPE Menggunakan Oven Microwave ». JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur) 5, n^o 1 (5 octobre 2021) : 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jmpm.v5i1.11947.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Meningkatnya kebutuhan manusia terhadap produk plastik khususnya yang berbahan PET dan LDPE berdampak pada sampah yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh daya keluaran microwave (600 W dan 800 W) pada proses microwave-assisted pyrolysis sampah PET dan LDPE. Penelitian ini mencakup tiga langkah: preparasi sampel, analisis termogravimetri, dan analisis studi kinetik. Hasil studi kinetik menunjukan bahwa peningkatan daya keluaran microwave mengakibatkan peningkatan temperatur maksimum, laju kenaikan temperatur, laju kehilangan massa, dan nilai kalor. Energi aktivasi pirolisis LDPE lebih rendah dibandingkan PET. Hasil uji GC-MS menunjukan pyrolytic oil PET didominasi oleh senyawa asetaldehid, sedangkan pada LDPE didominasi senyawa fenol. Daya keluaran microwave paling efektif yang digunakan untuk memperoleh pyrolytic oil dari PET adalah 800 W, sedangkan LDPE adalah 600 W.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Diaz, Fabian, Yufengnan Wang, Tamilselvan Moorthy et Bernd Friedrich. « Degradation Mechanism of Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum (NCA) Cathode Material from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries in Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis ». Metals 8, n^o 8 (24 juillet 2018) : 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080565.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries (LIBs) is still a topic of scientific interest. Commonly, spent LIBs are pretreated by mechanical and/or thermal processing. Valuable elements are then recycled via pyrometallurgy and/or hydrometallurgy. Among the thermal treatments, pyrolysis is the most commonly used pre-treatment process. This work compares the treatment of typical cathode nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) material by conventional pyrolysis, and by a microwave assisted pyrolysis. In the conventional route, the heating is provided indirectly, while via microwave the heating is absorbed by the microwaves, according to the materials properties. The comparison is done with help of a detailed characterization of solid as well as the gaseous products during and after the thermal treatment. The results indicated at least three common stages in the degradation: Dehydration and evaporation of electrolyte solvents (EC) and two degradation periods of EC driven by combustion and reforming reactions. In addition, microwave assisted pyrolysis promotes catalytic steam and dry reforming reactions, leading to the strong formation of H2 and CO.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Leong, Swee Kim, Farid Nasir Ani et Cheng Tung Chong. « Production of Syngas from Controlled Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Crude Glycerol ». Key Engineering Materials 723 (décembre 2016) : 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.584.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Conversion of crude glycerol into synthesis gas was studied by using controlled microwave-assisted pyrolysis method. Pyrolysis of crude glycerol in the presence of carbonaceous catalyst was performed in a fixed bed reactor under oxygen-deficient environment using a domestic microwave. The effects of inert carrier gas flow rate and pyrolysis temperature on the product yield were investigated. Characterisation of the gaseous product showed that hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide are the main components in the gaseous product. High temperature and low inert carrier gas flow rate are effective in pyrolysing crude glycerol due to sufficient energy and residence time for complete cracking of vapour into small gaseous molecules. Peak hydrogen yield of 35.2% by volume was obtained at the carrier gas flow rate of 100 mL/min and 600 °C.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Giorcelli, Mauro, Oisik Das, Gabriel Sas, Michael Försth et Mattia Bartoli. « A Review of Bio-Oil Production through Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis ». Processes 9, n^o 3 (23 mars 2021) : 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030561.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The issue of sustainability is a growing concern and has led to many environmentally friendly chemical productions through a great intensification of the use of biomass conversion processes. Thermal conversion of biomass is one of the most attractive tools currently used, and pyrolytic treatments represent the most flexible approach to biomass conversion. In this scenario, microwave-assisted pyrolysis could be a solid choice for the production of multi-chemical mixtures known as bio-oils. Bio-oils could represent a promising new source of high-value species ranging from bioactive chemicals to green solvents. In this review, we have summarized the most recent developments regarding bio-oil production through microwave-induced pyrolytic degradation of biomasses.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

Rangasamy, Mythili, P. Venkatachalam et P. Subramanian. « Fluidized bed technology for biooil production : Review ». JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 4, n^o 2 (13 juin 2015) : 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v4i2.4273.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Fast pyrolysis is an emerging technique by which a liquid product, biooil is formed. The fast pyrolysis can be done using various reactors such as fluidized bed reactors, transported and circulating fluidized bed reactors, ablative and vacuum reactors, tubular reactors, microwave pyrolytic reactors,auger system and rotating cone reactors. Among them fluidized bed system is a well understood technology and available for the commercialization of fast pyrolysis. In this review, the process parameters in fluidized bed system that enhance the biooil production were reviewed. Utilization of various feedstocks for biooil production and the characteristics of biooil that mainly affect the utilization were presented. Â

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Zhi, Qingong, Wenhan Guan et Yongjing Guo. « Pyrolysis Process of Microwave-Enhanced Recovery of Sucker Rod Carbon Fiber Composite ». International Journal of Heat and Technology 40, n^o 1 (28 février 2022) : 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.400118.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This paper recycles and reuses sucker rod carbon fiber composite by microwave technique. The high temperature dielectric parameters of sucker rod carbon fiber composite were tested with the perturbation technique of cylindrical resonator. The structure and performance of the recovered carbon fiber samples were characterized by testing methods like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results show that: the carbon fiber of sucker rod is good at absorbing microwaves. During microwave pyrolysis, the heating rate can reach 359.46 (℃/min), which greatly shortens the processing time. In addition, the microwave technique does not affect chemical bonds and functional group types, and the resulting recycled carbon fibers can be recycled well.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Liu, Quanrun, et Hao Xia. « The Effect of Additive on Temperature Rising Characteristics during Coal Pyrolysis in Microwave Field ». Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (mai 2012) : 1790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.1790.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The pesent paper decribed the effects of additive on temperature rising characteristic during coal pyrolysis at different temperature in microwave field. Different mixture rate of carboncoal with coal and different final temperature on coal pyrolysis tempereature rising characteristics were studied in the work. The results indicate: Coal is a poorly microwave absorbing material, and its pyrolysis in microwave field need to add a certain amount of microwave absorbent for higher heating rate; Because carbocoal can be fast heated in microwave field, so it can be used as additive for coal pyrolysis. Carbocoal otained from different pyrolysis temperature have different heating rate, along with the increase of carbocoal pyrolysis temperature, carbocoal heating rate increases in microwave field. Using charcoal as microwave absorbent for coal rapid pyrolysis in microwave field is feasible.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

Song, Yong Hui, Jun Wei Shi, Jian Ping Fu, Xin Zhe Lan, Qiu Li Zhang et Jun Zhou. « Analysis of Products by Conventional and Microwave Induced Pyrolysis for Low Rank Coal ». Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (mai 2012) : 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.871.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This paper describes the products characteristic derived from the conventional pyrolysis (CP) and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MWP) of low metamorphic coal. GC/MS were used to analyze the volatile fractions of tar obtained by pyrolysis at different temperature and microwave power. It was found that microwave treatment produces more gas and oil than conventional pyrolysis at 800w and 800°C. In addition, the gas from the microwave has much higher syngas (H2+ CO) contents (up to 55 vol. %) than those obtained by conventional hydrolysis (up to 42 vol. %). The tar from the microwave is mainly composed of aromatic pyrolysis and phenolic compounds, and the content is 47.398% and 13.831% respectively as the microwave power is 800w. Meanwhile, the tar component content of C5-C10from microwave pyrolysis is up to 5 fold than conventional pyrolysis. By contrast, the microwave-assisted pyrolysis is beneficial to the tar conversion to light fraction.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

Liu, Song, Ming Xu Zhang et Hao Xia. « Study on Carbocoal as Microwave Absorber in Microwave Field ». Advanced Materials Research 1088 (février 2015) : 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.721.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The present paper decribed the effects of carbocoal on temperature rising characteristic during coal pyrolysis at different temperature in microwave field. Different mixture rate of carbocoal with coal and different final temperature on coal pyrolysis tempereature rising characteristics were studied in the work. The results indicate: Coal is a poorly microwave absorbing material. Because carbocoal can be fast heated in microwave field, so it can be used as additive for coal pyrolysis. Carbocoal otained from different pyrolysis temperature have different heating rate, along with the increase of carbocoal pyrolysis temperature, carbocoal heating rate increases in microwave field. Using carbocoal as microwave absorbent for coal rapid pyrolysis in microwave field is feasible.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Zeng, Hanlin, Peng Liu, Yan Hong, Kun Yang et Libo Zhang. « Hg/Se/PbSO4 Recovery by Microwave-Intensified HgSe Pyrolysis from Toxic Acid Mud ». Metals 12, n^o 6 (17 juin 2022) : 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12061038.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The acid mud produced in the nonferrous smelting process is a hazardous waste, which mainly consists of elements Hg, Se, and Pb. Valuable metal (Hg/Se/Pb) can be recovered from acid mud by heat treatment. For safe disposal of the toxic acid mud, a new resource utilization technology by microwave roasting is proposed in this paper. The reaction mechanisms were revealed through thermodynamics and thermogravimetric analysis, which showed that the main reaction was the oxidative pyrolysis of HgSe in the process of roasting. Moreover, the mercury removal effects of acid mud by microwave heating and conventional heating were studied, the recovery rate of mercury by microwave heating for 30 min at 400 °C was 99.5%: far higher than that of conventional heating for 30 min at 500 °C (44.3%). This was due to the high dielectric constant of HgSe, as microwaves can preferentially heat HgSe and reduce the adsorption energy of HgSe on the surface of PbSO4 blocks, thus strengthening the pyrolysis process of HgSe and reducing energy consumption. The preferable prototyping technology for resource utilization of toxic acid mud should be microwave roasting. This study is of great significance for the realization of mercury pollution reduction and for green production of lead-zinc smelting.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Setianingsih, T., D. Purwonugroho et YP Prananto. « Synthesis of CNS, ZnO/CNS and ZnCr₂O₄/CNS composites from patchouli biomass by using microwave for remediation of pesticide contaminated surface water in paddy field ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 930, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2021) : 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012020.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract Patchouli biomass is a potential precursor for CNS synthesis. In this research, the patchouli was pyrolyzed using the microwave. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of microwave energy and activator toward physicochemistry of CNS and composite (ZnO/CNS) and application of ZnCr2O4/CNS for the pesticide polluted surface water remediation in paddy field. In the process, the biomass was pyrolyzed at four and 8W with and without the ZnCl2 activator. The products were blended and evaporated to obtain CNS and ZnO/CNS. The products were characterized using FTIR spectrometry, XRD, and dispersion test. The composites were used to synthesize ZnCr2O4/CNS at 600W in the microwave. The composites were used for buthylphenylmethyl carbamate pesticide degradation test (BPMC) for 48 h with H2O2 oxidation. The FTIR spectra indicated better carbonization for products taken using an activator at both microwave energies. The X-ray diffractograms showed the turbostratic structure of carbon obtained at 4W pyrolysis (with activator), meanwhile 8W pyrolysis (without activator). ZnO and turbostratic carbon structures were shown by the product of 8W pyrolisis with activator. The calcined composite indicated ZnCr2O4/CNS. The degradation test showed that ZnCr2O4/CNS(8W) catalyst decreased the BMPC concentration almost three times that of the composite (4W).

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

Vollath, Dieter, et Kurt E. Sickafus. « Synthesis of ceramic oxide powders in a microwave plasma device ». Journal of Materials Research 8, n^o 11 (novembre 1993) : 2978–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.2978.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Synthesizing oxide ceramic powders by application of a microwave plasma is a great advantage. There are two ways the microwave plasma can be used: The first is as a source of heat for the pyrolysis of solutions and the second is to excite gas reactions to obtain nanosized powders. Both applications are superior to standard methods. A microwave cavity well suited for these experiments and its operating characteristics are described. Using a microwave plasma as a source of heat for pyrolytic decomposition of nitrates in aqueous solutions leads to a fine-grained product with particle sizes from 100 to 1000 nm. Crystallite sizes in those particles are in most cases less than 10 nm. This is demonstrated with zirconia-based ceramics, such as ZrO2−3 mol % Y2O3−20 mol % Al2O3. Depending on the conditions during pyrolysis, it is possible to obtain a product in which alumina is either dissolved in zirconia or the onset of the phase separation is observed. The energy efficiency of this process is better than 80%. If the reactants are gaseous, e.g., ZrCl4, it is possible to produce powders with mean particle sizes of about 4 nm. In the case of zirconia, these particles are monocrystalline with a cubic structure. This structure is not in equilibrium under the experimental conditions.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

Song, Yong Hui, Xin Li, Jun Wei Shi et Xin Zhe Lan. « A Research on Microwave and Conventional Pyrolysis for Low Rank Coal ». Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (octobre 2014) : 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.209.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In this paper, conventional pyrolysis (CP) and microwave pyrolysis (MWP) for three types of low rank coal in western China was studied. The effects of pyrolysis methods and temperature etc on product yields were also discussed. Pyrolysis products were characterized by IR, Gas analysis meter and GC-MS. Results showed that the tar and gas yields in microwave pyrolysis is about 3%-5% higher than those in the conventional pyrolysis. H2 and CO proportions in gas are above 55%. The contents of benzene, aromatic hydrocarbon and phenolic compound in microwave pyrolysis tar are higher than those in the conventional pyrolysis, in addition, C5~C10 substance content in tar is about 5 times as that in the conventional, so the microwave pyrolysis can prompt tar converting to light fraction.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Yang, Fu Sheng, Ming Zhang, An Ning Zhou, Min Qun Lin et Ben Long Wei. « Research on Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Sludge by Pyrolysis ». Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (décembre 2013) : 1745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1745.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Variations of heavy metals in sludge during microwave pyrolysis and muffle pyrolysis were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Increased basicity of residues from the sludge is found. Leaching percentages of heavy metals ranging from 0.031% to 5.364% after microwave treatment are lower. Releases of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper from the residues obtained in microwave pyrolysis reduce by 92.68% compared with muffle pyrolysis. Alkaline intermediates formed in the pyrolysis residues bring about improved immobilization of heavy metals. Transformation in morphology of heavy metals and strong alkaline of the residues, lead to the immobilization of heavy metals during microwave pyrolysis.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Beneroso, D., J. M. Bermúdez, M. A. Montes-Morán, A. Arenillas et J. A. Menéndez. « Microwave-induced cracking of pyrolytic tars coupled to microwave pyrolysis for syngas production ». Bioresource Technology 218 (octobre 2016) : 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.019.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

Syed Abdul Rahman, Syarifah Nor Faizah, Norazah Abdul Rahman, Siti Shawalliah Idris, Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar, Roslan Mokhtar, Zakiuddin Januri et Muhammad Fareezuddin Mohamad Khalil. « Effect of Microwave Absorber towards Pyrolysis Yield of Automotive Paint Sludge ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (septembre 2015) : 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.66.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Application of microwave absorber (MWA) does affect the yield of microwave pyrolysis process. In this study, activated carbon and graphite have been used as microwave absorbers and the results were then compared with the microwave pyrolysis process without microwave absorber. The yield of solid and liquid increased while the yield of gas decreased with the application of MWA. Chemical functional group inside MWA also affected by the microwave pyrolysis process and energy content of MWA slightly increased from 24.54 MJ/kg to 29.57 MJ/kg and 32.17 MJ/kg to 32.24 MJ/kg for activated carbon and graphite, respectively.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Chen, Yong Qiang, Sai Li, Wei Li, Ting Ting Su, Bing Bing Fan, Hong Xia Li et Rui Zhang. « Effect of SiC_p Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZTA Ceramics by Microwave Sintering ». Solid State Phenomena 281 (août 2018) : 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.281.217.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The effects of SiCp addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZTA ceramics was investigated by microwave sintering. Partially stabilized zirconia（3Y-ZrO2）nanopowder containing SiCp was prepared by microwave pyrolysing precursor which was was achieved by co-precipitation method. The powders of alumina, yttria partially stabilized zirconia containing SiCp were mixed to prepare ZTA ceramics green body by die pressing and cold isostatic pressing and subsequently sintered at the range of 1350°C-1550°C for 30min by microwave. XRD revealed that 3Y-ZrO2/SiC powder contained more tetragonal phase than 3Y-ZrO2 powder which was also confirmed by SEM and particle size distribution. The phenomenon was because of SiCp forming the microwave heating spot that promoted pyrolysis progress when 3Y-ZrO2/SiC powder was prepared by microwave heating. Microstructure showed that the grain of ZTA ceramics had directional growth by microwave sintering. SiCp firstly absorbed microwave that made more uniform sintering of ZTA ceramics and caused local oriented growth of zirconia and alumina. Thus, the bending strength of ZTA ceramics was higher than ZTA without SiCp. The ladder type heating mode of microwave sintering ZTA ceramics reduced relatively sintering time by 20min due to the addition of SiCp.Introduction

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

Li, Zhi Hua, Kun Yuan, Ya Zhou Yu, Fei Peng Liu et Xu Chao Li. « Study on Pyrolysis Methods and Equipment of the Waste Rubber ». Advanced Materials Research 1052 (octobre 2014) : 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1052.529.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Pyrolysis is one of the important methods to dispose waste rubber. This paper analyses the present pyrolysis methods and pyrolysis of the waste rubber, points out that the microwave pyrolysis as a new method, can cut down pyrolysis temperature, control the composition of products effectively and improve the pyrolysis quality. Microwave pyrolysis equipment can not only save the energy but also protect the environment. It will be found wide application in the future.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Zhao, Xi Cheng, Zhao Li, Yuan Ru Jiang, Ke Xu et Ya Juan Zhao. « Research Advances on Application Status and Non-Thermal Efficiency of Microwave Pyrolysis ». Advanced Materials Research 813 (septembre 2013) : 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.813.489.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The progress of the application of microwave pyrolysis in China and oversea is reviewed. Introduce the methods and mechanism of produce high value-added chemicals through microwave heating of biomass, sludge and fossil fuel. And there should non-thermal effect existing in the microwave pyrolysis, and is worth to explore a way for the efficient fast pyrolysis of resources utilization of validity.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Mijin, Dusan, et Slobodan Petrovic. « Microwaves in organic chemistry and organic chemical ». Chemical Industry 59, n^o 9-10 (2005) : 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0510224m.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The usual way of applying heat to a chemical reaction is the use of a Bunsen burner, an oil or some other type of bath, or an electric heater. In inorganic chemistry, microwave technology has been used since the late 1970s while it has been implemented in organic chemistry since the mid-1980s. Microwave heating has been used in the food industry for almost fifty years. The shorter reaction times and expanded reaction range that is offered by microwave technology are suited to the increased demands in industry. For example, there is a requirement in the pharmaceutical industry for a higher number of a novel chemical entities to be produced, which requires chemists to employ a number of resources to reduce time for the production of compounds. Also, microwaves are used in the food industry, as well as in the pyrolysis of waste materials, sample preparation, the solvent extraction of natural products and the hydrolysis of proteins and peptides.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Gupta, Deepak, et James W. Evans. « A mathematical model for chemical vapor infiltration with microwave heating and external cooling ». Journal of Materials Research 6, n^o 4 (avril 1991) : 810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.0810.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

A mathematical model has been used to compute temperature profiles in ceramic preforms that are heated by microwaves. The temperature profiles were then input to a second part of the model describing chemical vapor infiltration of the preform, that is the diffusion of gaseous reactants, heterogeneous reaction, and evolution of the pore structure. Equations were solved numerically for parameters corresponding to the infiltration of SiC preforms by pyrolysis of trichloromethylsilane. While based on some simplifications, the model leads to the conclusion that infiltration proceeds more rapidly, and to a greater extent, with microwave heating/external cooling than in isothermal infiltration. The model suggests that infiltration might be optimized by manipulation of microwave power and external cooling. The computed extent of infiltration is seen to be very sensitive to the initial pore size.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Mushtaq, Faisal, Abdul Sami Channa, Ramli Mat et Farid Nasir Ani. « Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass Resources for Bio-Oil Production ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (juin 2014) : 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.307.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The agro-industrial sector of many countries generates considerable quantity of waste biomass and potential exploitation of this reside is necessary for economic and environmental reasons. Pakistan is an agricultural based country with widespread amount of crop residue generated annually. This study utilized rice husk, sawdust and bagasse residues to investigate the effects of microwave absorber loading on process temperature, pyrolysis products, and bio-oil composition using multimode microwave pyrolysis system operated at 300W and 2.54GHz. The results indicated that pyrolysis process temperature depends on the type of waste residue and microwave absorber loading. The maximum bio-oil yield of 22.41wt%, 33.61wt% and 19.1wt% were produced at 75wt% microwave absorber loading from rice husk, sawdust and bagasse, respectively. The D-Allose of 21.95 %area, dodecanoic acid of 71.22 %area and octasiloxane of 74.50 %area under GC-MS in rice husk, sawdust and bagasse bio-oils, respectively suggests potential use as chemical feedstock. Keywords: Waste biomass; microwave absorber; microwave assisted pyrolysis; process temperature; product distribution; bio-oil composition

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Bogdashov, Alexander, Andrey Denisenko, Mikhail Glyavin, Tatiana Krapivnitskaia, Nikolai Peskov, Lyudmila Semenycheva et Dmitriy Vorozhtcov. « Experimental study of the dynamics of microwave pyrolysis of peat ». ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019) : 12006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193012006.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The work is devoted to the study of the effect of high-power microwave radiation on sphagnum peat. To implement the microwave pyrolysis process, a laboratory unit based on a coaxial resonator has been created. An industrial magnetron with a frequency of 2.45 GHz was used as a source of microwave radiation. Samples of gas, liquid and solid phases were obtained and analyzed. Studies of soft microwave pyrolysis in conditions of constant removal of gaseous reaction products were carried out. A comparative analysis of the products obtained in microwave pyrolysis and pyrolysis with thermal heating was performed. The aim of the research is to create highly efficient environmentally friendly technologies for processing biofuels with a high yield of combustible gases, suitable for further use in power plants, as well as the production of resinous fraction and carbon residue.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Zhou, Jun, Zhe Yang, Wen Zhi Shang, Yong Hui Song et Xin Zhe Lan. « Research on the Microwave Pyrolysis of Coal under N₂ Atmosphere ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (octobre 2014) : 672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.672.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Microwave pyrolysis of low rank coal is a new technology of cleaner production. The effect of microwave power and flow rate of N2 on the yield of pyrolysis products under N2 atmosphere was explored. The results showed that the higher microwave power was, the higher all the terminal temperature, the yield of liquid products and the weight loss rate were. The flow rate of N2 had little influence on the yield of pyrolysis solid products, while it exerted a greater influence on the yield of pyrolysis liquid products. When the low rank coal was pyrolysised under the conditions of microwave power of 800W and flow rate of N2 of 4.0×10-4 m3/min, the yield of Bluecoke and liquid products respectively reached 65.8% and 18%.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Wang, Wan Fu, Guo Li, Xing Yue Yong, Peng Liu et Xiao Fei Zhang. « The Features of Microwave Thermal Conversion of Oil Sludge ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (novembre 2012) : 788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.788.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The microwave thermal conversion process of oil sludge was studied. It was found that the microwave thermal conversion process of oil sludge consisted of 5 stages: rapid heating, microwave drying, microwave hydrocarbons evaporation, microwave pyrolysis and microwave calcining. Using the residue produced from the microwave thermal treatment of oil sludge as a microwave absorbent can significantly accelerate the conversion. However, it does not show significant effect on the features of microwave thermal conversion. Meanwhile, the addition of residue at appropriate percentages increased oil recovery rate. The non-condensable gases consist of H2 and C1~C5 hydrocarbons. The recovered oil was mainly produced at microwave evaporation and microwave pyrolysis stages, consisting of 89% light oil and 11% heavy oil.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

Ethaib, Saleem, Rozita Omar, Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal, Dayang Radiah Awang Biak et Salah L. Zubaidi. « Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Biomass Waste : A Mini Review ». Processes 8, n^o 9 (19 septembre 2020) : 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091190.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The utilization of biomass waste as a raw material for renewable energy is a global concern. Pyrolysis is one of the thermal treatments for biomass wastes that results in the production of liquid, solid and gaseous products. Unfortunately, the complex structure of the biomass materials matrix needs elevated heating to convert these materials into useful products. Microwave heating is a promising alternative to conventional heating approaches. Recently, it has been widely used in pyrolysis due to easy operation and its high heating rate. This review tries to identify the microwave-assisted pyrolysis treatment process fundamentals and discusses various key operating parameters which have an effect on product yield. It was found that several operating parameters govern this process such as microwave power and the degree of temperature, microwave absorber addition and its concentration, initial moisture content, initial sweep gas flow rate/residence time. Moreover, this study highlighted the most attractive products of the microwave pyrolysis process. These products include synthesis gas, bio-char, and bio-oil. The benefits and challenges of microwave heating are discussed.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

Qi, Hongyuan, Huayi Jiang, Yanzhen You, Juan Hu, Yulong Wang, Zhe Wu et Hongxin Qi. « Mechanism of Magnetic Nanoparticle Enhanced Microwave Pyrolysis for Oily Sludge ». Energies 15, n^o 4 (9 février 2022) : 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041254.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In view of the high dielectric constant of magnetic nanoparticles, this paper intends to use it as a new type of microwave absorbing medium to accelerate the microwave pyrolysis process of oily sludge. Microwave thermogravimetric reaction and pyrolysis product staged collection devices were established, respectively. The main stage of pyrolysis process of oily sludge was divided based on the thermogravimetric experiments. Mechanism was studied through the characteristics of pyrolysis products and reaction kinetics simulation. Experimental results showed that the addition of magnetic ZnFe2O4 particle did not change the microwave pyrolysis process of oily sludge and the pyrolysis efficiency could be improved. Pyrolysis process was divided into three stages, rapid heating and water evaporation stage (20~150 °C), light component evaporation stage (150~240 °C) and heavy component cracking stage (240~300 °C). Due to the addition of magnetic ZnFe2O4 particles, the content of C4~C12 increased by 3.5%, and the content of C18+ decreased by 4.1%, indicating that more recombinant components participated in the reaction pyrolysis to form light gas components. The kinetic analysis showed that the activation energy of oily sludge decreased by 36.49% and the pre-exponential factor decreased by 91.39% in stage III, indicating that magnetic nanoparticles had good catalytic activity.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

Bett, Ronald K., Anil Kumar, Zachary O. Siagi et Zeddy C. Mibei. « Thermal Pyrolysis of Used Tyres to Produce Liquid Fuel : Process Optimization and How It Compares to Microwave Pyrolysis ». Journal of Energy 2022 (12 mars 2022) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2291958.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Used tyres are not biodegradable, and the current methods of disposal pose a threat to the environment. Such tyres can be valorised through decomposition to produce liquid fuel, an alternative diesel fuel, using thermal pyrolysis technique. Microwave pyrolysis is an alternate method which uses microwave irradiation, saves energy, and is better environmentally. The main objective of this study was to perform microwave pyrolysis of used tyres to produce liquid fuel and compare with thermal pyrolysis. The specific objectives were to study the effects of pyrolysis operating variables and optimization of liquid fuel yield for thermal pyrolysis, compare with microwave pyrolysis, and characterize the liquid fuel. Thermal pyrolysis variables were reaction temperature, reaction time, and particle size. Thermal pyrolysis reaction temperatures were 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700°C; reaction time 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, and 120 minutes. Particle sizes were 25, 50, 60, 100, 125, and 200mm2. Thermal pyrolysis was carried out in furnace fabricated using furnace clay rated 600 W. A 500 ml round bottomed flask was used as a reactor. Design Expert 13 was used for data analysis and optimization, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for chemical composition analysis, while physiochemical properties were tested using standard methods. The yield of the liquid product was correlated as a quadratic function of the reaction variables. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of operating variables and identify points of optimal yields. The yield decreased as particle size increased. Yield increased with increase in temperature optima being 500°C. Yield increased with increase in reaction time, and the pyrolysis time was 80 minutes. The highest liquid yield of 40.4 wt. % corresponded to temperature of 500°C, time of 80 min for 60 mm2 size. The calorific value for liquid fuel was 47.31 MJ/kg and GC-MS analysis showed that the oil comprised of complex mixtures of organic compounds with limonene, toluene, and xylene as major components. When compared to the published literature on microwave pyrolysis, both processes gave similar maximum yield but microwave process was superior due to a 77.5% reduction in reaction time, resulting in a 73.02% saving in energy requirement.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

Yu, F., P. H. Steele et R. Ruan. « Microwave Pyrolysis of Corn Cob and Characteristics of the Pyrolytic Chars ». Energy Sources, Part A : Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 32, n^o 5 (4 janvier 2010) : 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030802612440.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

Wang, Xinyun, Chuan Li, Mingqiang Chen et Jun Wang. « Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of seaweed biomass for aromatics-containing bio-oil production ». E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021) : 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102045.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of seaweed biomass was conducted using a microwave pyrolysis system. The product yields were determined and the components of bio-oil were analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 400 °C to 600 °C, the gas yield increased and the bio-char yield decreased. However, the bio-oil yield rose firstly and then reduced. The maximal bio-oil yield was 18.4 wt.% when pyrolysis temperature was 500 °C. The bio-oil obtained is a mixture of very complex organic compounds, mainly consisting of aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, phenols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogencontaining compounds. The relative content of aromatics in bio-oil accounted for about 16%. The above results reveal that microwave-assisted pyrolysis of seaweed biomass is a feasible method to produce aromatics-containing bio-oil.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

Deng, Wen Yi, Xiao Lei Wang, Wei Chao Yu et Ya Xin Su. « Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production from Microwave Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge at High Temperature ». Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (décembre 2012) : 2302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2302.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge was conducted in a single-mode microwave oven. The influencing effects of experimental factors, including particle size and moisture content of sewage sludge, pyrolysis temperature, and shape of microwave adsorber, on concentration of pyrolysis gas products were studied. The results indicated that with the decrease of particle size, the H2 concentration increased from 31 vol.% to 34 vol.%, and CO concentration increased from 17 vol.% to 22 vol.%. When the moisture content of sewage sludge increased from 0 to 83 wt.%, the H2 concentration increased from 32 vol.% to 42 vol.%, and the CO concentration increased from 20 vol.% to 31 vol.%. Compared with microwave adsorber in powder phase, the microwave adsorber in fixed structure can transform more volatile compounds to uncondensable gas, and the concentrations of H2 and CO were also slightly increased.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

Cheng, Yao, Shan Lin et Yulin Ma. « Pore Structure of Oil Shale Heated by Using Conduction and Microwave Radiation : A Case Study of Oil Shale from the Fushun in China ». Geofluids 2022 (2 juin 2022) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6231192.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

To examine the evolution of the internal pore structure of and the law of changes in oil shale under different heating modes but at the same temperature, this study subjected φ 20 mm × 20 mm specimens of oil shale to temperatures in the range of 20°C ~500°C by using a muffle furnace and a microwave pyrolysis device. We carried out experiments on the pyrolysis reaction under different temperatures and used scanning electron microscopy, backscattering, the mercury intrusion test, and MATLAB for a refined characterization of the specimens. The results showed that the microwave pyrolysis of oil shale was much shorter than its conduction-induced heating. As the microwave power increased, the time required to reach the target temperature decreased. The phenomenon of “hole blocking” was observed at 400°C ~500°C during conduction-based heating but did not occur in the microwave pyrolysis of oil shale. The porosity of oil shale heated by conduction was 3.4 times higher than its original porosity, whereas that of oil shale heated by microwave radiation was 4.9 times higher than its original value. It can be seen that compared with conduction heating, radiant heating makes the pyrolysis of organic matter in oil shale more complete. During the pyrolysis process of oil shale, the complete reaction of organic matter causes the thermal fracture of the oil shale to produce a large number of pores and interconnected cracks. Thereby, a seepage channel for pyrolysis gas and oil is formed, and the recovery rate of oil and gas is increased.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Wang, Hao, Xiaogang Li, Jingyi Zhu, Zhaozhong Yang, Jie Zhou et Liangping Yi. « Numerical Simulation of Oil Shale Pyrolysis under Microwave Irradiation Based on a Three-Dimensional Porous Medium Multiphysics Field Model ». Energies 15, n^o 9 (29 avril 2022) : 3256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093256.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale during heat treatment dominate the oil production of kerogen. In this study, the pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale in a laboratory microwave apparatus were investigated based on a novel fully coupled three-dimensional electromagnetic-thermal-chemical-hydraulic model according to the experimental microwave apparatus. By simulating the electric field, temperature distribution, and kerogen decomposition within oil shale subjected to microwave irradiation, several parameters, including waveguide, position, and power, were successfully optimized. The results indicated that the non-uniform temperature distribution was consistent with the distribution of the electric field. Double microwave ports were more effective than single ports in terms of heating rate and temperature uniformity. There was an optimal location where the highest heating efficiency was obtained, which was on the left of the cavity center. When irradiation was conducted over a range of microwave powers, a higher power was suitable for achieving a rapid temperature increase, whereas a lower power was suitable to gain a high efficiency of the pyrolysis rate. Therefore, a variable power heating mode was introduced to decrease the heating time and improve the heat uniformity simultaneously during oil shale pyrolysis. Specifically, the secondary reactions of oil products should be maximally avoided by controlling the microwave power.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

Khaghanikavkani, Elham, et Mohammed M. Farid. « Mathematical Modelling of Microwave Pyrolysis ». International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 11, n^o 1 (31 octobre 2013) : 543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2012-0060.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract This study deals with a detailed numerical investigation of the microwave heating process in plastic pyrolysis. The pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied using a single-mode microwave cavity, TE10 mode, at 2.45 GHz with two different absorbents, as carbon and silicon carbide, and the results were compared. The temperature distribution inside the sample was determined by solving the conservation equations coupled with the microwave and chemical kinetic equations. Lambert’s law was applied to describe the electromagnetic field in the microwave cavity. The effective heat capacity method was used to account for the latent heat in the melting range of plastic. The heat of the reaction was taken into account using first-order kinetic equations assuming a single-step reaction. One-dimensional model equations were solved using the finite difference method utilising MATLAB codes. The model developed in this study provides a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the microwave pyrolysis of HDPE based on a combination of electromagnetic field and thermal models. The primary focus was to incorporate and investigate the effect of the phase changes and reaction during microwave pyrolysis. The results show that the temperature profile strongly depends on the physical properties of the material. Silicon carbide provides more uniform heating distribution compared with carbon.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

Abdul Aziz, Sharifah Mona, Rafeah Wahi, Zainab Ngaini, Sinin Hamdan et Syamila Aimi Yahaya. « Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel Shell ». Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8359238.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Microwave pyrolysis is a potential for producing alternative fuel from biomass, such as palm kernel shell (PKS). However, the resulting microwave pyrolytic oil (bio-oil) was highly acidic and has low calorific value and therefore must undergo additional process to improve the physicochemical properties. In this study, attempt was made to improve the pH and calorific value of bio-oil produced from PKS via esterification process. The effect of esterification with ethanol in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst on selected biodiesel qualities was also investigated. The esterification process has successfully improved the pH value from 3.37 to 5.09–5.12 and the calorific value was increased from 27.19 to 34.78–41.52 MJ/kg. Conclusively, the EO has comparatively better properties in terms of its smell, pH, calorific value, and absence of environmentally undesirable compounds. However, future works should include ASTM 6751 specifications tests for biodiesel to evaluate the bio-oil’s suitability for commercial use.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

Bartoli, Mattia, Luca Rosi, Alessio Giovannelli, Piero Frediani et Marco Frediani. « Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char produced by low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of olive pruning residue using various absorbers ». Waste Management & ; Research 38, n^o 2 (14 août 2019) : 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19865342.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Olive pruning residue is largely formed during cultivation, and is usually disposed through open-air combustion directly in the field, but this habit is a possible source of pollution. The pyrolytic conversion of olive pruning residue has been run in a new and very appealing way using microwave as a heating source and different microwave absorbers in a multimode batch reactor. In this way, olive residue is converted into interesting bio-chemical products with a short pyrolysis time, ranging from 15 to 36 min, and with a peak temperature ranging from 450 K to 705 K according to the different microwave absorber. Thus, a very efficient and selective system was realized, which was able to address the process towards the formation of a large amount of bio-char (up to 61.2%) or a high formation of bio-oil (56.2%) and gas (41.7%) with a very low formation of bio-char (2.1%). However, when carbon and iron were used as microwave absorbers, it was possible to obtain an intermediate amount of bio-char (26-30%) and bio-oil (40 wt%). Bio-oils were collected as dark-brown liquids with low viscosity and density. A bio-oil with a low water concentration was obtained using carbon or iron as the microwave absorber. The bio-oils formed in all experiments contained a very large amount of acetic acid, even when NaOH was the microwave absorber. Furthermore, a large amount of aromatics were present in the bio-oil obtained using carbon as the microwave absorber.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

Cho, Hee Yeon, Aida Ajaz, Dibya Himali, Prashant A. Waske et Richard P. Johnson. « Microwave Flash Pyrolysis ». Journal of Organic Chemistry 74, n^o 11 (5 juin 2009) : 4137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo900245v.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

Takaaki, Wajima, et Masayuki Miyagawa. « Recycling of Waste Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) via Pyrolysis with Sodium Hydroxide using Microwave Heating ». Key Engineering Materials 920 (16 mai 2022) : 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-t275a5.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) are composite materials with high strength and flame retardancy, and the disposal process is expensive to cause illegal dumping. Therefore, new recycling technology of waste GFRP is desired. In this study, recycling of waste GFRP via pyrolysis with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under an inert atmosphere using microwave heating was attempted by carbonization of resin and conversion of glass fiber into soluble sodium silicate. The pyrolysis behavior of GFRP, the characteristics of the obtained residue, and the silica extraction into the solution were compared for microwave heating and conventional heating. In both heatings, the carbonization of the resin and the conversion of the glass fiber into soluble sodium silicate were confirmed by pyrolysis with NaOH, and the sample after the pyrolysis treatment can be pulverized into a powdery residue by washing the solution without mechanical crushing. In comparison with conventional heating, microwave heating could reduce the time for heat treatment (41.3% reduction), to reduce the energy consumption (75% reduction), suggesting that microwave heating can provide more efficient treatment.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Shi, Kai Qi, Tao Wu, Hai Tao Zhao, Edward Lester et Yao Dong Wang. « Microwave Induced Co-Processing of Biomass/Coal Blends ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (mai 2013) : 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.227.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Co-processing of biomass with coal has become a promising approach for the efficient utilization of biomass and a feasible option to reduce coal consumption. Normally, biomass and coal blends are normally processed using conventional heating methods, such as co-pyrolysis, co-firing and co-gasification. Due to the fact that microwave heating has many advantages against conventional heating methods in terms of its volumetric heating and instant heating nature, in this study, biomass and coal blends were co-processed under microwave heating to enhance possible synergistic effect to improve the yield and quality of products. Biomass and coal blends were prepared in different mass fraction. Both conventional pyrolysis and microwave induced co-processing tests were carried out. The solid, liquid and gas products were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography – mass spectrum (GC-MS). Results showed that in conventional pyrolysis, mole fraction of CO2 is relatively high whilst that of H2 is relatively low. However, for microwave induced co-processing of biomass coal blends with a mass fraction of biomass around 10wt%, the mole fraction of H2, CO and CH4 could be as high as 85%. This indicates the existence of synergy when biomass is co-processed with coal. In the liquid product, it was also found that the distribution of liquid products under microwave induced pyrolysis is much narrow compared with that of liquid products produced under conventional pyrolysis.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Paz-García, Eri J., Silvia P. Paredes-Carrera, Sergio O. Flores-Valle, Isis S. Rodríguez-Clavel, Jesús C. Sánchez-Ochoa et Rosa M. Pérez-Gutiérrez. « Synthesis of CuO for Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Biomass ». Applied Sciences 9, n^o 24 (16 décembre 2019) : 5525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245525.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In this study, CuO was synthesized as a microwave absorber in the pyrolysis of a biomass model (sugarcane bagasse). CuO was synthesized for 5 min of irradiation using the following techniques: microwave (MW), ultrasound (US), combined mode (MW-US), and conduction heating (CH) as a reference material. The use of these treatments promotes changes in the morphology, as MW and US generate leaves and monolithic faceted morphologies, respectively. Changes were also generated in some textural characteristics such as crystal size, surface area, and volume-pore size. They were produced as a consequence of changes in the conditions during the crystallization stage produced by the different irradiation types. The microwave-assisted pyrolysis was performed aiming for the maximum liquid fraction (bio-oil) in the products. The reaction time, the size of the biomass, and the CuO synthesis method were also analyzed. The following particle size (ps) intervals were studied: ps < 0.5 mm, 0.5 mm < ps < 1.7 mm, 1.7 mm < ps < 3.5 mm. The best conditions at 1160 Watts in the microwave were: 4 min of reaction, particle size lower than 0.5 mm, and CuO synthesized by US. The use of CuO in the pyrolysis almost triples the amount of the obtained liquid fraction, when compared with the pyrolysis without the use of a microwave absorbent. The CuO was reduced to Cu2O and Cu after the pyrolysis. In this work, a reduction in the reaction times from hours to minutes was achieved during the synthesis of CuO and the pyrolysis biomass. The liquid fraction (bio-oil) can be raw material to obtain value-added chemical products or biofuels.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

Kurgankina, Margarita, Galina Nyashina, Anatolii Shvets, Ksenia Vershinina et Amaro O. Pereira Junior. « Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass : The Influence of Surface Area and Structure of a Layer ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 23 (5 décembre 2022) : 12442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312442.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The paper presents the results of experimental research into lab-scale microwave pyrolysis of wood biomass. The influence of the surface area and the structure of the biomass layer on the characteristics of pyrolysis during microwave heating are discussed. We have established that the biomass layer structure and surface area have a significant effect on the yield of pyrolysis gas. The approach of creating artificial deformation of the biomass layer was tested. The elements of artificial porosity made it possible to increase the CO yield by 18% and 32% compared to the pyrolysis of a biomass layer with artificial channels and a uniform layer, respectively. The concentration of H2 was 33% higher compared to the layer without artificial pores and 3% lower compared to artificial channels. The yield of CO2 increased by 25%, and the yield of CH4 doubled. The experiments showed that the distribution of biomass on a half of the bottom of the crucible and the additional porosity of the biomass layer surface effectively increase the yield of the pyrolysis gas components. Recommendations for increasing the efficiency of microwave pyrolysis of biomass were formulated.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

Yang, Zhe, Jun Zhou, Qiu Li Zhang, Xin Zhe Lan et Xi Cheng Zhao. « Contrastive Study on Microwave Pyrolysis Products of Coal under N₂ and Non-N₂ Atmosphere ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (octobre 2014) : 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.601.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The microwave pyrolysis is a new research method for deeply processing of coal. This paper researched the microwave pyrolysis products of low rank coal under N2 and non-N2 atmosphere. The results showed that, compared with non-N2 atmosphere, the yield of liquid products increased by 4.65%, while the yield of solid bluecoke decreased by 2.95% under N2 atmosphere. The infrared characteristics absorption peak intensity of bluecoke obtained from N2 pyrolysis atmosphere was weaker; N2 contributed to the transformation of heavy oil into light oil.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Abualnaja, Khamael M., Hala M. Abo-Dief, Ola A. Abu Ali, Abdullah Al-Anazi et Ashraf T. Mohamed. « Oily Sludge Recovery using Microwave Pyrolysis Technique ». Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, n^o 1 (28 février 2021) : 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370104.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The oily sludge treatments catch widespread attention. But, management of sludge is difficult and costly undertaking. The oil recovery pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and carbon wt.% is discussed. The recovered aliphatic, aromatic, elemental components and gases were obtained with respect to the nitrogen flow rate. The present work showed that as the heating rate increases, both the %pyrolysis oil and gases increases up to 600 OC, while the %pyrolysis char decreases. Beyond 600 OC, the pyrolysis gases% increases, the pyrolysis oil% decreases while the %pyrolysis char continuous decreases. Gas chromatography, and calorific value used to examine the hydrocarbon compositions of the virgin, sludge, and pyrolysis oils.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

Zhang, Zhi Xia, Jing Wu et Wen Fu Chen. « Review on Prepation and Application of Biochar ». Advanced Materials Research 898 (février 2014) : 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.456.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Extensive application of biochar in agricultural and forestry production, environmental protection,energy and other areas has attracted widespread attention by researchers at home and abroad.By reviewing the progress on preparation and application of biochar in recent years , introduced pyrolysis,microwave carbonization,hydrothermal carbonization and analyzed the factors influence the ratio of gas,oil,and biochar,pointed out that the slow pyrolysis and medium speed pyrolysis can get more biochar ,fast pyrolysis can get more liquid product and flash pyrolysis can get more gas. Moreover, microwave carbonization can short the reaction time greatly and hydrothermal carbonization not only saved energy but also had a high production of biochar . Furthermore, described the use of biochar in agriculture , environmental protection and energy,thengave direction for the future research.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Articles de revues sur le sujet « Microwave pyrolysi »

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres