Bibliographies thématiques / Microgram samples

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Microgram samples »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Microgram samples"

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L'Hermite-Balériaux, M., G. Copinschi et E. Van Cauter. « Growth hormone assays : early to latest test generations compared ». Clinical Chemistry 42, no 11 (1 novembre 1996) : 1789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.11.1789.

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Abstract We compared the data from four growth hormone (GH) immunoassays for analyzing 24-h GH profiles in four apparently normal subjects and four obese subjects (508 serum samples). The detection limit was 0.02 microgram/L for one immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA), 0.1 microgram/L for two IRMAs, and 0.4 microgram/L for one RIA. All GH pulses with a peak ICMA value > 1 microgram/L were detected by each of the other methods. Overall, the correlation coefficient between the values obtained with all four assays exceeded 0.90. However, for GH concentrations < or = 0.25 microgram/L, acceptable concordance (r2 > or = 0.80) was reached only between the ICMA and one IRMA; between the ICMA and the RIA, concordance was acceptable only for GH concentrations > or = 10 micrograms/L. In the normal subjects, the percentage of undetectable values was 0% with the ICMA but 29% with one of the IRMAs; in obese subjects, the corresponding values were 12% and 38%.
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Vessella, R. L., J. Noteboom et P. H. Lange. « Evaluation of the Abbott IMx® Automated Immunoassay of Prostate-Specific Antigen ». Clinical Chemistry 38, no 10 (1 octobre 1992) : 2044–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.10.2044.

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Abstract We detail the performance characteristics of the new IMx PSA immunoassay developed by Abbott Laboratories, addressing PSA recovery, assay reproducibility, standard curve storage, lower limit of detection, dilution linearity, and correlation with the Hybritech Tandem-R PSA immunoassay. We analyzed 686 sera for PSA retrospectively, testing 555 of these concurrently with the IMx and the Tandem-R immunoassays. The IMx PSA standard curve was linear from 0 to 100 micrograms/L, and curve storage was maintained for 4 weeks. The lower limit of detection of the IMx PSA assay was < or = 0.03 microgram/L; allowing for the assay precision yielded a biological detection limit of 0.06 microgram/L. We conservatively set the clinical threshold at 0.1 microgram/L. Regression analysis of dilution linearity involving 10 samples (0.44-200 micrograms/L) resulted in coefficients of correlation ranging from 0.9972 to 1.000. Reproducibility studies with 18 specimens within the range of 0.39-413.67 micrograms/L gave intra- and interassay CVs < 6.5%. The interassay 95% confidence interval for a specimen containing 0.06 microgram of PSA per liter was 0.03-0.09 microgram/L. Correlation between IMx and Tandem-R PSA assay results was excellent: r = 0.9909 and slope = 0.95. Overall, the IMx PSA immunoassay, with the conveniencies of automation, curve storage, and nonisotopic handling, provided an improved lower limit of PSA detection, which allows for earlier indication of residual or recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy.
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Karlsson, M., S. Hammers, I. Nilsson-Ehle, A. S. Malmborg et B. Wretlind. « Concentrations of doxycycline and penicillin G in sera and cerebrospinal fluid of patients treated for neuroborreliosis. » Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no 5 (mai 1996) : 1104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.5.1104.

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Concentrations of doxycycline and penicillin G in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed in 46 patients during treatment for neuroborreliosis. Twenty patients were treated intravenously with penicillin G at 3 g every 6 h (q6h), and 26 patients were treated orally with doxycycline at 200 mg q24h. All samples were collected on day 13 of treatment. The median concentrations of penicillin G in serum were 0.5, 37, and 5.6 micrograms/ml before and 1 and 3 h after drug administration, and that in CSF was 0.5 (range, 0.3 to 1.6) microgram/ml after 2 to 3 h. The median concentrations of doxycycline in serum were 2.1, 6.1, and 4.7 micrograms/ml before and 2 and 6 h after drug administration, and that in CSF was 0.6 (range, 0.4 to 2.5) microgram/ml after 4 h. All patients had concentrations of penicillin G or doxycycline in CSF above the lowest reported MICs of penicillin G (0.003 microgram/ml) and doxycycline (0.12 microgram/ml) for Borrelia burgdorferi. However, no patients had a drug concentration in CSF above the highest reported MIC of penicillin G (8 micrograms/ml), and only one had a drug concentration in CSF above the highest reported MIC of doxycycline (2 micrograms/ml), despite good clinical response to treatment. No treatment failure or relapse was observed during a 1-year follow-up, although one patient treated with penicillin G and one treated with doxycycline were retreated because of residual pain. The chosen dosages of penicillin G and doxycycline seem to give sufficient concentrations in serum and CSF for the treatment of neuroborreliosis.
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Murthy, V. V., et A. Karmen. « A study of the CEDIA digoxin immunoassay ». Clinical Chemistry 36, no 3 (1 mars 1990) : 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.3.559.

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Abstract We evaluated the CEDIA digoxin immunoassay (Microgenics, Inc., Concord, CA), as performed with the Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyzer. In assays of sera with known concentrations of digoxin, the enzyme activity, measured when two beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) fragments were combined according to the assay format, was proportional to the digoxin concentration. Results of assays of sera containing 0 to 3 micrograms of digoxin per liter correlated well when compared with an RIA method: CEDIA, microgram/L = 1.00 x RIA - 0.06 microgram/L (n = 90, r = 0.95, Sxy = 0.05). Duplicate assays of three control sera containing 0.8, 2.2, or 3.3 micrograms/L, each analyzed 20 times a day with each group of patients' samples, gave within-run CVs of 1-3% and day-to-day CVs of 3-12%. The reconstituted CEDIA reagents were stable for at least a month at 5 degrees C. As many as 25 samples and controls can be assayed in half the time needed to complete a similar number of RIA measurements with comparable results.
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Vogel, J. S., D. E. Nelson et J. R. Southon. « Accuracy and Precision in Dating Microgram Carbon Samples ». Radiocarbon 31, no 2 (1989) : 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200044799.

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The accuracy of AMS radiocarbon determinations on very small samples has been tested by measuring a suite of microgram-sized samples of a known-age material. The total measurement precision for the smallest sample (50μg) was found to be ± 3% and the precision improved with larger sample size. The accuracies of the measurements were found to be within the measurement precisions.
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Feist, Peter, et Amanda Hummon. « Proteomic Challenges : Sample Preparation Techniques for Microgram-Quantity Protein Analysis from Biological Samples ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no 2 (5 février 2015) : 3537–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16023537.

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Tagliati, S., A. Rydh, R. Xie, U. Welp et W. K. Kwok. « Membrane-based calorimetry for studies of sub-microgram samples ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 150, no 5 (1 mars 2009) : 052256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/150/5/052256.

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Doettinger-Zech, S. G., M. Uhl, D. L. Sisson et A. Kapitulnik. « Simple microcalorimeter for measuring microgram samples at low temperatures ». Review of Scientific Instruments 72, no 5 (mai 2001) : 2398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1355263.

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Bannon, D. I., C. Murashchik, C. R. Zapf, M. R. Farfel et J. J. Chisolm. « Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopic measurement of blood lead in matrix-matched standards ». Clinical Chemistry 40, no 9 (1 septembre 1994) : 1730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.9.1730.

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Abstract Now that the level of concern for a toxic blood lead concentration is 0.482 mumol/L (10 micrograms/dL), laboratories must meet new requirements to shorten analysis times and increase accuracy and precision of blood lead determinations. We used a matrix-matching method to estimate the lead concentration in blood by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). For CDC proficiency samples and the NIST-Certified Blood Reference standard, the performance of this method compared favorably with that of previously published GFAAS methods and of the anodic stripping voltammetric method routinely used in our laboratory. At lead concentrations of 0.242 mumol/L (5.01 micrograms/dL) and 1.478 mumol/L (30.63 micrograms/dL), within-run CVs were 2.78% and 0.68%, respectively; between-run CVs were 4.9% and 1.35%. In 52 study samples with lead content ranging from 0.097 to 3.812 mumol/L (2 to 79 micrograms/dL), 87% of results by the matrix-modified method were within 0.048 mumol/L (1 microgram/dL) of consensus values.
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Knight, G. J., G. E. Palomaki, D. H. Lea et J. E. Haddow. « Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke measured by cotinine 125I-radioimmunoassay. » Clinical Chemistry 35, no 6 (1 juin 1989) : 1036–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.6.1036.

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Abstract We describe a polyclonal-antiserum-based 125I-radioimmunoassay for cotinine that is suitable for measuring nonsmokers' passive exposure to tobacco smoke in the environment. The standard curve ranged from 0.25 to 12.0 micrograms/L, with an estimated lower limit of sensitivity of 0.2 microgram/L (95% B/Bo = 0.2 microgram/L; 50% B/Bo = 4.0 micrograms/L). The median within-assay CVs for patients' samples with cotinine values from 0.4 to 1.3, 1.4 to 2.4, 2.5 to 4.6, and 4.7 to 15.6 micrograms/L were 13.9%, 7.2%, 5.1%, and 5.7%, respectively. Between-assay CVs for two quality-control sera with average values of 1.53 and 3.68 micrograms/L were 14.3% and 7.8%, respectively. Analytical recoveries of cotinine from smokers' sera diluted in zero calibrant ranged from 91% to 116%. Cotinine values determined on 79 paired sera and urines from nonsmokers showed significant correlation with self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (r = 0.49, P less than 0.001 for sera; r = 0.57, P less than 0.001 for urine). The log of the values for serum and urine cotinine were also significantly correlated (r = 0.85, P less than 0.001). Evidently, polyclonal antiserum can be used to develop a cotinine assay for measuring exposure to environmental tobacco smoke that compares well with that described for monoclonal-based assays.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Microgram samples"

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Kretschmer, Wolfgang. « The Erlangen AMS-facility : status, applications and the prospect of ^<14>C measurements of microgram samples(Proceedings of the 19^ Symposium on Chronological Studies at the Nagoya University Center for Chronological Research in 2006,Part1) ». 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13681.

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第19回名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム平成18(2006)年度報告<第1部> Proceedings of the 19th symposiumon on Chronological Studies at the Nagoya University Center for Chronological Research in 2006 日時:平成19 (2007)年1月15日(月)～17日(水) 会場:名古屋大学シンポジオン Date:January15th-17th, 2007 Venue:Nagoya Uhiversity Symposion Hall
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Barone, Serena. « 14C - AMS measurements of microgram-sized samples : hardware developments and applications to Cultural Heritage ». Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1278281.

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In the field of Cultural Heritage and archaeology, knowing the period in which an artefact is produced or being able to date biological remains is of fundamental importance. Radiocarbon dating is surely one of the most widespread dating techniques. It allows us to date all those organic and inorganic materials which have been exchanging carbon with a carbon reservoir until a certain moment (e.g. the death of an organism or the definite isolation of the inorganic system from the reservoir itself). One of the basics in radiocarbon dating is the need to collect a sample, whose mass typically varies according to the kind of materials. Considering the possibility to measure the residual 14C abundance by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), sample masses are usually relatively small, i.e. of the order of magnitude of tens of milligrams. However, in some particular cases, the mass required for the analysis may become problematic: indeed, there can be some applications in which the amount of mass required would alter the integrity and spoil the legibility of the object to be dated (e. g. when a central portion of the object should be collected), or the amount of mass that we can collect is already very small (e.g. in case of highly degraded materials or samples for which a particular selective pre-treatment is mandatory). For this reason, especially in the most recent times, the interest in reducing the mass required for the 14C measurements has increased. My Ph.D. research has been focused on reducing the amount of mass needed to perform radiocarbon measurements down to about 50 μg of graphite. During these three years, I have worked at INFN-LABEC laboratory (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Laboratorio di tecniche nucleari per i Beni Culturali), in Florence. At LABEC, radiocarbon measurements are typically performed preparing samples of about 700 μg of C (final carbon mass at the end of the sample preparation process). In order to reduce the mass of the treated samples, the first part of the project has been represented by the upgrade of the pre-existing graphitization system and the following optimization of the new installed experimental set-up for microsamples. We installed new graphitization reactors, reducing their volumes in order to improve the collected pressure to favour the graphitization reaction. New reactors were equipped with a small quartz tube used as the “hot” part and a silver cold finger. We also designed and assembled small ovens and small Peltier-based devices, used to reach the temperature needed to trigger the reaction and to trap the unwanted water produced during the graphitization reaction, respectively. We installed new pressure gauges, sensitive to low pressures, and we assembled a home-made data acquisition system based on an Arduino board. In addition to the optimization of the graphitization set-up, the optimization of the AMS measurements in the Tandem accelerator was necessary as well. Several tests on the new experimental set-up were performed, verifying a good reproducibility, a satisfying background and fine precision and accuracy. Since the new microsamples set-up proved to be reliable, we decided to focus on new possible applications in the field of Cultural Heritage: Radiocarbon dating of mortars: Mortars are very heterogeneous materials and the separation between the carbon fraction of interest (that is the binder) and the possible contaminants (carbonates aggregates) can be very challenging. A crucial point of this application is finding a very selective separation procedure for the removal of the contaminants mentioned above. This procedure should be strongly selective causing a high mass loss, so that using the typical set-up for large samples is not feasible. Our new microsamples set-up allowed us to deal with this problem: in fact, we were able to keep our procedure selective enough for the application dating carbonate samples as low as few milligrams, thus without increasing the initial mass of our collected mortar core (that is usually not possible in the field of Cultural Heritage). Radiocarbon dating of inks: The main issue of this kind of application is the invasiveness of the analysis, especially in case of using the typical set-up for large samples. It is clear that to date the ink, we would collect a portion of the text, thus we would risk to spoil the legibility of the document. For this reason, reducing the mass required for the measurements is mandatory. Our microsample set-up allowed us to perform such task with satisfying precision while reducing by an order of magnitude the mass of the sample to be dated, thus efficiently reducing the invasiveness of the dating procedure. We believe that the optimization of the experimental set-up for the dating of microsamples is necessary and of high importance: the case studies discussed in this thesis prove it, since without the microsamples set-up we could have not performed such analyses.
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Schulte, Lukas. « New Computational Tools for Sample Purification and Early-Stage Data Processing in High-Resolution Cryo-Electron Microscopy ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E54F-B.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Microgram samples"

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Gür, Berkay, et Gülgün Kayakutlu. « Deep Reinforced Learning for the Governance of a Sample Microgrid ». Dans IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 169–83. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96592-1_13.

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« DMA Amplification ». Dans DNA Fingerprinting, sous la direction de Lorne t. Kirby. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780716770015.003.0008.

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Amplification of DNA may be necessary to increase the quantity of sample available for profiling, to reduce the analysis time, or to produce probes for the hybridization process (Higuchi 1989, Li 1988, Marx 1988, Mullis 1990, Paabo 1989, Saiki 1986). Stretches of nucleotides up to at least 3,000 bp from any DNA-containing samples may be efficiently amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Alternatively, living tissue can be placed in culture, and fibroblasts, epithelial type cells, or lymphoblasts grown. The culture process differs considerably from the PCR approach in that the total genome is reproduced. Also, tissue culture is usually at least a two-week procedure, whereas the polymerase chain reaction requires only a few hours. Cultured cells can be used for enzyme and other biochemical tests, and storage in liquid nitrogen is a standard practice for regrowth at a later time. Probe material, that is, DNA capable of hybridizing with its complementary region in the genome, must be amplified, aliquoted, and stored to provide an ongoing source for use with each profile analysis. Probe amplification has been mainly carried out in bacterial culture; however, probes can be chemically synthesized as discussed in Chapter 2 or amplified by the PCR system. At least 10 to 50 ng of high molecular weight genomic DNA are required for VNTR analysis using single-locus probes, and at least 0.5 to 1.0 μg required if multilocus probes are used. If only a small quantity of DNA is available, amplification using the PCR may be the only feasible option for obtaining sufficient material for analysis. PCR has revolutionized the approach to the recovery of DNA from a variety of sources. Microgram quantities of DNA can be produced in vitro by the amplification of picogram starting amounts. Single-copy genomic sequences greater than 2 kb in length have been amplified more than 10 millionfold in a few hours. Amplified material can also be directly sequenced without the necessity of incorporating DNA fragments into vectors such as M13 (Gyllensten 1989,1989a). Availability of oligonucleotide primers is the key to the amplification process.
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« Sample Case Studies for Real-Time Operation ». Dans Microgrid Planning and Design, 121–31. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119453550.ch9.

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Huh, Jun-Ho. « Bluetooth-Tracing RSSI Sampling Method as Basic Technology of Indoor Localization for Smart Grid ». Dans Research Anthology on Smart Grid and Microgrid Development, 1013–27. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3666-0.ch045.

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In recent years, Smart Grid have become the center of interest for IT companies and construction companies and various types of Smart Grids have been made currently available on the market. Yet, equipment is costly and it is not easy to convert existing equipment for Smart Grid application as they may require additional resources which could also inflict much costs. The extra costs involving the remodeling of existing housing structure and installment of new equipment can be avoided by using advanced wireless technologies. As an example, this book proposed an indoor localization system that adopts Bluetooth technology and uses RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) values for localization. Researchers have configured a system where the central control device will recognize all other devices or equipment in the system, communicate with each other, and respond to the commands or the information provided. However, despite the efforts of many researchers, existing RSSI-based indoor localization systems do not show a satisfactory level of accuracy such that we have devised a system that traces the trend in the RSSI samples.
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Abdullah, Saad Mohammad, et Ashik Ahmed. « Hybrid Bare Bones Fireworks Algorithm for Load Flow Analysis of Islanded Microgrids ». Dans Research Anthology on Smart Grid and Microgrid Development, 293–324. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3666-0.ch014.

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In this chapter, a hybrid bare bones fireworks algorithm (HBBFWA) is proposed and its application in solving the load flow problem of islanded microgrid is demonstrated. The hybridization is carried out by updating the positions of generated sparks with the help of grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) mimicking the swarming behavior of grasshoppers. The purpose of incorporating GOA with bare bones fireworks algorithm (BBFWA) is to enhance the global searching capability of conventional BBFWA for complex optimization problems. The proposed HBBFWA is applied to perform the load flow analysis of a modified IEEE 37-Bus system. The performance of the proposed HBBFWA is compared against the performance of BBFWA in terms of computational time, convergence speed, and number of iterations required for convergence of the load flow problem. Moreover, standard statistical analysis test such as the independent sample t-test is conducted to identify statistically significant differences between the two algorithms.
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Abdullah, Saad Mohammad, et Ashik Ahmed. « Hybrid Bare Bones Fireworks Algorithm for Load Flow Analysis of Islanded Microgrids ». Dans Handbook of Research on Fireworks Algorithms and Swarm Intelligence, 283–314. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1659-1.ch013.

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In this chapter, a hybrid bare bones fireworks algorithm (HBBFWA) is proposed and its application in solving the load flow problem of islanded microgrid is demonstrated. The hybridization is carried out by updating the positions of generated sparks with the help of grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) mimicking the swarming behavior of grasshoppers. The purpose of incorporating GOA with bare bones fireworks algorithm (BBFWA) is to enhance the global searching capability of conventional BBFWA for complex optimization problems. The proposed HBBFWA is applied to perform the load flow analysis of a modified IEEE 37-Bus system. The performance of the proposed HBBFWA is compared against the performance of BBFWA in terms of computational time, convergence speed, and number of iterations required for convergence of the load flow problem. Moreover, standard statistical analysis test such as the independent sample t-test is conducted to identify statistically significant differences between the two algorithms.
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Gusarov, Valentin, Leonid Yuferev, Zahid Godzhaev et Aleksandr Parachnich. « Gas Turbine Power Plant of Low Power GTP-10S ». Dans Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 85–106. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9420-8.ch004.

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Currently, there is an increase in the use of gas turbines. Today they are used in the energy sector: aviation, armed forces, and the navy. The introduction of a new manufacturing technology developed by the authors will make it possible to manufacture cheap and reliable installations and thus ensure an exceptional position on the Russian market for goods and technologies, and taking into account the use of intellectual rights, abroad. The scientific novelty of the sample is the method of calculating small engines with a centrifugal compressor, a centripetal turbine and a combustion chamber with a negative thrust vector of the air flow. It is shown that the developed microgas turbine cogeneration power generator consists of a microturbine engine with a periphery, a free power turbine necessary for the selection of mechanical power, a high-speed electric generator with permanent magnets, an electronic power conversion system, exhaust heat energy recovery system and an automatic control system.
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White, Robert E. « The Nutrition of Grapevines ». Dans Understanding Vineyard Soils. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199342068.003.0006.

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Grapevines must have 16 of the 118 known elements to grow normally, flower, and produce fruit. These essential elements, listed in table 3.1, are also called nutrients and as such are divided into • Macronutrients, which are required in relatively large concentrations • Micronutrients, which are required in smaller concentrations Box 3.1 discusses the different ways of calculating nutrient concentrations in soil, plants, and liquid. Vines draw most of their nutrients from the soil, and so table 3.1 also shows the common ionic form of each element in soil. Ions, the charged forms of elements, are introduced in box 2.4, chapter 2. For example, carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is a compound of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), dissociates in water into the ions H+ and HCO3−. This is a chemical reaction that can be written in shorthand form as . . . H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3− . . . The double arrow shows that the reaction can go either forward (to the right) or backward (to the left), depending on the concentrations of H+ and HCO3− relative Concentration (symbol C)a is the amount of a substance per unit volume or unit weight of soil, plant material, or liquid. For example, the concentration C of the element nitrogen (N) can be expressed as micrograms (μg) of N per gram of soilb, noting that . . . 1 μg N/g = 1 mg N/kg = 1 part per million (ppm N) (B3.1.1) . . . An amount is the product of concentration and weight. For example, the total amount of N of concentration C (measured in μg/g) in a soil sample of 100g is . . . 100C μg or 0.1C mg (B3.1.2) . . . Because all soil and plant materials contain some water, analyses are best expressed in terms of oven-dry (o.d.) weights. The o.d. weight of a soil sample is obtained by drying it to a constant weight at 105ºC; for plant material the drying temperature is 70ºC. The amount of a nutrient is often expressed per hectare (ha) of vineyard.
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« to within 1% for power levels up to ten Watts. The detector size was 50 mm in diameter and its collecting solid angle is 1.6-1.7. The area of the sample was 10 square millimeters +/- 0.75 square millimeters. Finally, emission spectra are measured using a standard Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer on a range of samples and sample sizes. Fig. 1 SEM Micrograph of a metallic Fig. 2 Emission from a structure with photonic crystal. minimum feature size of 0.8 microns. In Fig. 2, the measured emission spectra are shown for a resistively heated sample emitting at —4 p.m. When we measure the actual power density of emission in the range of wavelengths between 3.5 and 4.5 gm. we find that the power density exceeds the value obtained from Planck's law by almost an order of magnitude. We have obtained the same result for thermally heated samples and for samples with emission peaks ranging from 1.5 gm to 6 gm. The emission peak positions are found to scale with the pitch of the lattice. The peak emission is linearly shifted to longer wavelengths for a larger lattice constant. As yet, there is no satisfactory explanation for this experimentally observed deviation from the Planck Radiation Law and its corollaries. Nonetheless, we point out that there exist sufficient differences between blackbody and tungsten photonic-crystal emitters. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL 85000. » Dans Light Sources 2004 Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources, 206. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482269178-34.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Microgram samples"

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Gumkowski, Greg, et Arnold Steinman. « Mitigating Electrostatic Effects on Measurement Accuracy ». Dans NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.39.

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Electrostatic charge can have unwanted effects on the accuracy of instruments making precision weighing measurements. This paper will discuss electrostatic phenomena and their interaction with weighing operations. Charge is generated primarily by the contact and separation of dissimilar materials. If one of the materials is a conductor, charge can be quickly removed or even prevented by connecting the material to ground. In most cases, however, at least one of the materials will be an insulator or an isolated conductor. As contact and separation occurs throughout the weighing process, the materials involved are almost certain to be charged. A charged insulator is also capable of inducing charge on nearby isolated conductors. Examples of materials that may be charged include samples, transport media, and parts of weighing equipment or their enclosures. Once generated, the static charge affects both the instruments and the materials being weighed. Electrostatic forces interact directly with the mechanisms of weighing machines, making precise measurements in the microgram range all but impossible. Electrostatic forces of attraction and repulsion affect light weight sample materials, causing unwanted movement and losses during transfers, as well as the movement and clinging of unwanted particles to measurement surfaces. Measurement problems caused by static charge are not limited to weighing applications. Whenever small physical quantities or objects need to be measured, electrostatic forces can cause errors or unwanted movement of the object being measured. This is true for atomic force microscopes, force and mass measurements, and electrochemical measurements. Mitigation methods for static charge are well known in the electronics industry, as it is imperative to protect sensitive integrated circuits from the effects of static charge, both during manufacture and use. Grounding of conductive materials, replacing insulators with dissipative materials, and air ionization are the primary static control methods. Air ionization is of particular importance in weighing operations as equipment parts, samples or transport media are often insulators or isolated conductors. This paper discusses how static control may be applied in precision weighing operations, both in the equipment and in sample transport, to remove static charge and improve the accuracy and repeatability of measurements.
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Custodi, P., G. P. Montecchio, C. Bendotti, G. Vandelli, M. T. Tenconi et F. Piovella. « PLATELET FIBRONECTIN LEVELS AS A MARKER FOR THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643097.

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Aim of the study was to correlate fibronectin (Fn) and von Villebrand factor (vWf) levels measured in plasma and in platelets with the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Patients were classified in five groups reflecting the progression of this microvascular complication, on the basis of fluorangiographic findings (0 = no microangiopathy; 1= simple microangiopathy; 2= oedematous retinopathy; 3= ischaemic retinopathy; 4= ischaemic proliferative retinopathy). 43 patients were studied, 22 suffering from type I diabetes and 21 from type II diabetes, according to the classification of National Diabetes Data Group. Fn and vWf were measured in plasma and in platelet samples using an original double-sandwich microELISA method and expressed as micrograms/ml or as micrograms/10* platelets. Platelets were counted and solubilized with 0.5% Triton × 100. Bleeding time and platelet adhesion to glass beads were also evaluated on every patient. Intraplatelet Fn levels were reduced in retinopathies and correlate with the severity of the microvascular alteration, being the difference significant between the two extreme groups (p<0.05). vWf intraplatelet levels were also significantly lower in patients with severe microvascular complications (p<0.05). No significant differences were detected for plasma Fn and vWf levels in the 5 groups. Intraplatelet Fn and vWf levels may therefore be considered as markers of the severity of diabetic retinopathy. The leakage of Fn and vWf from activated platelet and the incorporation of these glycoproteins in the subendothelial matrix may be responsible for the worsening of this microvascular complication.
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He, Shuqin, et Xiaofeng Zong. « Multiagent-based Sampled-data Frequency Control of Microgrid with Additive Noise ». Dans 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ccc50068.2020.9189486.

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Furlan, J., K. Pagalthivarthi, H. Tian, P. Barsh et R. Visintainer. « Experimental Determination of Impact Wear Coefficients for Modeling of Erosion in Highly Loaded Slurry Flows ». Dans ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4831.

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Abstract Empirical wear coefficients are used in concert with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes which model highly loaded slurry flows through centrifugal pumps in order to predict erosive wear in wet-end components. In practice, separate sets of wear coefficients are used to determine the contributions of sliding and impact wear to the total erosive wear at the wetted surface. In this study, experiments were performed in order to obtain the impact wear coefficients for sand in a water slurry impinging on high chrome white iron alloys that are commonly used in the construction of heavy duty centrifugal slurry pumps. Two separate sets of tests were completed using two different types of narrowly graded sand, with mass median particle diameters of approximately 600 μm and 300 μm respectively. The tests were performed in a closed loop containing a slurry pump, flow meter, inverted U loop for determination of the solids concentration, and 8 sample sections arranged serially. Each sample section was constructed from polyurethane, with rectangular flow cross sections of 1 inch (25.4 mm) width and 2 inch (50.8 mm) height and lengths of 1 foot (305 mm). One metal sample was placed into each sample holder so that it spanned across the 1 inch (25.4 mm) width and was exposed to the slurry flow, with its edges being supported by the flat polyurethane walls on either side. The samples were machined to have constant angles on the leading edge faces which varied from 10 to 60 degrees (from sample to sample), in order to obtain a range of impact angles (angle between the particle trajectory and the wetted surface) of the particles impinging on the sample leading edge faces. Tests were run at 12 % concentration by volume and at mean channel-sectional flow velocities of 10 m/s, with run times varying from 30 minutes to 180 minutes over the course of the test program. Slurry loop samples were taken at the beginning and end of each run in order to determine the particle size distribution and to monitor degradation of solids through sieve and micrograph analysis. The worn wedge face surfaces were scanned at intermittent times throughout the testing using an optical profilometer, and the local erosive wear was determined on the slanted face of, as well as at the tip of, the wedge-shaped samples. The progression of wear over the course of the test program was measured and analyzed in this manner. The local solids concentration, velocity, and impact angle was then predicted using in-house CFD codes formulated in the same manner as the pump wear models. The experimental wear profiles, together with the predicted local solids concentration, velocity, and impact angle, were then used to calculate the specific energy coefficient (or impact wear coefficient) at multiple impact angles. A formulation for the impact wear coefficient as a function of impact angle at a given particle size was then produced at each of the two different particle diameters. By comparing the data between the two different particle diameters, an adjustment factor for particle diameter was then formulated. This paper primarily focuses on the experimental test program, providing a description of the experiments, results, and data analysis, as well as a discussion of the results and some description of the test-derived wear coefficient formulations.
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Nanda, Abinash, Ranjan Kumar Mallick, Pravati Nayak et Nityananda Giri. « Differential Protection of Microgrid Using Moving Average of Current Sample Data ». Dans 2022 International Conference on Intelligent Controller and Computing for Smart Power (ICICCSP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciccsp53532.2022.9862443.

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Santos, Tiago André, Nuno Santos, Celso Gomes, Luc Hennetier, Vítor Costa et Luís Costa. « FEATURES OF UTILITARIAN STONEWARE FIRED WITH MICROWAVE RADIATION ». Dans Ampere 2019. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9913.

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The energy dependence on fossil resources and the increasing competitiveness of the stoneware industry, which is a relevant natural gas consumer, leads to new and more environmentally friendly firing methods. Microwave radiation is herein presented as an alternative heating technology for stoneware firing. The samples were fired in a multimode furnace with 6 magnetrons in its core, each one operating at a nominal power of 900 W and frequency of 2.45 GHz. A pyrometer and a thermocouple were installed in the microwave furnace for temperature measuring, control and monitoring. Pyrometer was calibrated in an electric furnace for accurate temperature measurements. During calibration, the thermocouple used in the microwave furnace was installed in the electric furnace, giving a temperature difference from the control (electric furnace) of 2 to 5 ºC, from room temperature up to 1450 ºC. To help the stoneware firing, a silicon carbide (SiC) plate was used as microwave susceptor, also working as a support base for the stoneware samples (mugs). The microstructure of the microwave fired stoneware shows features similar to those of conventionally fired samples (gas and electric heating), with the microwave requiring lower firing temperature to reach an equal structure. X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron micrograph show the relevant transformations taking place for lower temperatures when using microwave heating.
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Zhong, Zhixiong, et Yanzheng Zhu. « Fuzzy-model-based distributed sampled-data control and its application to a DC microgrid ». Dans 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2018.8431810.

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Yao, Jun, et Jinping Suo. « Effect of Melting Processing on Tensile Properties and Microstructure of New RAFM Steel ». Dans 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29724.

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All of the RAFM steels only safely used under 550°C, that is not enough for the next reactor. An new RAFM steel was melted by non-vacuum induction melting (VIM) and electro-slag remelting (ESR), followed by hot-forging and rolling into rods and plates. In this paper, we investigated the effect of thermal ageing treatment on tensile properties of the rods and plates. The microstructure was studied by OM (optics micrograph) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that by using the same heat treatment process, the tensile strength of the samples was 680MPa, the total elongation was 31%, which were better than the CLAM steel whose tensile strength and total elongation were 668MPa and 25% respectively. The difference between the transverse and the longitudinal properties was reduced markedly. So the ESR played an important part in improving the mechanical properties.
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Zhang, Runfan, Branislav Hredzak et Georgios Konstantinou. « Distributed Control for Microgrid Batteries Communicating over Network with Aperiodically Sampled Data with Time Delays ». Dans 2019 10th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2019 - ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icpe2019-ecceasia42246.2019.8797106.

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