Articles de revues : « Microbiote buccal »

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Lê, Sylvie, Matthieu Minty, Émile Boyer, Vincent Blasco-Baque, Martine Bonnaure-Mallet et Vincent Meuric. « Microbiote buccal et foie ». médecine/sciences 40, n^o 1 (janvier 2024) : 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023194.

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Le foie possède de nombreuses fonctions biologiques importantes pour l’organisme. Il peut être atteint par diverses maladies, telles que les hépatites virales ou médicamenteuses, la fibrose et la cirrhose. Lors de ces affections, les hépatocytes endommagés sont progressivement remplacés par du tissu cicatriciel. Par ailleurs, une altération du microbiote oral peut être à l’origine d’une altération des réponses immunitaires et ainsi contribuer au développement d’une inflammation qui touchera également le foie. En effet, les personnes souffrant d’hémochromatose ou de stéatose hépatique non alcoolique présentent des anomalies importantes du microbiote oral. De même, des concentrations élevées de certaines bactéries colonisant la cavité buccale, telles que Porphyromonas gingivalis, sont associées à des facteurs de risque accrus de stéatose hépatique non alcoolique.

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Desclos-Theveniau, Marie, Martine Bonnaure-Mallet et Vincent Meuric. « Peptidylarginine désiminases du microbiote buccal et polyarthrite rhumatoïde ». médecine/sciences 36, n^o 5 (mai 2020) : 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020078.

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Ces dernières années, des études se sont focalisées sur l’existence d’une association entre la parodontite et la polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR), suggérant l’implication du microbiote buccal dans le déclenchement de cette maladie auto-immune des articulations. D’un point de vue clinique, les deux pathologies reposent sur un processus inflammatoire qui conduit à une érosion osseuse. Elles font également intervenir une modification post-traductionnelle appelée citrullination. Dans le cas de la PR, la citrullination de certains sites protéiques par les peptidylarginine désiminases (PAD) aboutit à la production d’auto-anticorps. C’est la découverte d’une PAD exprimée par la bactérie Porphyromonas gingivalis qui a orienté de nombreuses études vers l’analyse d’une association entre ces deux pathologies.

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Boyer, É., M. Bonnaure-Mallet et V. Meuric. « Le microbiote buccal : bases fondamentales et applications en physiopathologie ». EMC - Médecine buccale 12, n^o 6 (décembre 2019) : 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1877-7864(19)91583-7.

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Chau, Justin, Meeta Yadav, Ben Liu, Muhammad Furqan, Qun Dai, Shailesh Shahi, Arnav Gupta et al. « Prospective correlation between the patient microbiome with response to and development of immune-mediated adverse effects to immunotherapy in lung cancer. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, n^o 15_suppl (20 mai 2021) : e21024-e21024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e21024.

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e21024 Background: Though the gut microbiome has been associated with immunotherapy (ICI) efficacy in certain cancers, similar correlations between microbiomes at other body sites with treatment response and immune related adverse events (irAEs) in lung cancer (LC) patients receiving ICIs have not been made. We designed a prospective cohort study conducted from 2018-2020 at a single-center academic institution to assess for correlations between the microbiome in various body sites with treatment response and development of irAEs in LC patients treated with ICIs. Methods: Patients with histopathologically confirmed, unresectable/advanced/metastatic LC planned to undergo ICI-based therapy were enrolled between September 2018 and June 2019. Patients must have had measurable disease, ECOG 0-2, and good organ function to be included. Data was collected for analysis from January 2019 to October 2020. Nasal, buccal and gut microbiome samples were obtained prior to ICI initiation, at development of irAEs, improvement of irAEs to grade 1 or less, and at disease progression. 16S rRNA sequenced data was mapped to the SILVA 13.2 database; operational taxonomic unit clusters were analyzed using MicrobiomeAnalyst and METAGENassist. Results: 37 patients were enrolled, and 34 patients were evaluable for this report. 32 healthy controls (HC) from the same geographic region were included to compare baseline gut microbiota. Compared to HC, LC gut microbiota exhibited significantly lower α-diversity. The gut microbiome of patients who did not suffer irAEs were found to have relative enrichment of Bifidobacterium ( p = 0.001) and Desulfovibrio ( p = 0.0002). Responders to combined chemoimmunotherapy exhibited increased Clostridiales ( p = 0.018) but reduced Rikenellaceae ( p = 0.016). In responders to chemoimmunotherapy we also observed enrichment of Finegoldia in nasal microbiome, and increased Megasphaera but reduced Actinobacillus in buccal samples. Longitudinal samples exhibited a trend of α-diversity and certain microbial changes during the development and resolution of irAEs. Conclusions: This pilot study identified significant differences in the gut microbiome between HC and LC patients, and correlates specific bacterial genera to ICI response and irAEs in LC. In addition, it suggests potential predictive utility in nasal and buccal microbiomes, warranting further validation with a larger cohort and mechanistic dissection using preclinical models. Clinical trial information: NCT03688347.

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McKnight, Donald T., Kyall R. Zenger, Ross A. Alford et Roger Huerlimann. « Microbiome diversity and composition varies across body areas in a freshwater turtle ». Microbiology 166, n^o 5 (1 mai 2020) : 440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000904.

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There is increasing recognition that microbiomes are important for host health and ecology, and understanding host microbiomes is important for planning appropriate conservation strategies. However, microbiome data are lacking for many taxa, including turtles. To further our understanding of the interactions between aquatic microbiomes and their hosts, we used next generation sequencing technology to examine the microbiomes of the Krefft’s river turtle (Emydura macquarii krefftii). We examined the microbiomes of the buccal (oral) cavity, skin on the head, parts of the shell with macroalgae and parts of the shell without macroalgae. Bacteria in the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most common in most samples (particularly buccal samples), but Cyanobacteria , Deinococcus-thermus and Chloroflexi were also common (particularly in external microbiomes). We found significant differences in community composition among each body area, as well as significant differences among individuals. The buccal cavity had lower bacterial richness and evenness than any of the external microbiomes, and it had many amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with a low relative abundance compared to other body areas. Nevertheless, the buccal cavity also had the most unique ASVs. Parts of the shell with and without algae also had different microbiomes, with particularly obvious differences in the relative abundances of the families Methylomonaceae, Saprospiraceae and Nostocaceae . This study provides novel, baseline information about the external microbiomes of turtles and is a first step in understanding their ecological roles.

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Deblois, Courtney, Garret Suen, Kent Weigel, Laura Hernandez, Andrew Steinberger, Joseph H. Skarlupka, Dante Sprecher, Morgan Eder, Alexander Koller et Sandra Gelsinger. « PSIX-25 Documenting succession of the rumen microbial community in dairy calves ». Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (3 novembre 2020) : 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.588.

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Abstract Dairy cattle rely exclusively on the microbiota within their gastrointestinal tract for nutrient provisioning as they lack the endogenous enzymes needed to convert their plant-based diet into an accessible form. The acquisition of a fully functioning gut microbiome early in life is critical to survival of these animals. The establishment of a calf’s gut microbiota has previously been characterized using proxies such as fecal sampling and destructive sampling methods, but it is unclear how accurate these methods are over time in the same animals. To address this, 10 dairy calves were cannulated at 3 weeks of age. Rumen liquid and rumen solid samples were collected biweekly in congruence with buccal swabs and fecal samples from 7–17 weeks of age and characterized using Illumina 16S rRNA V4 amplicon sequencing. Fecal and buccal samples contained similar amounts of shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) to the rumen pre-weaning but separated post-weaning such that buccal samples contained nearly double the number of shared OTUs. Beta diversity showed that fecal communities more closely resemble the rumen than buccal but shift as the animals begin ruminating such that buccal communities more closely resemble the rumen. This suggests that fecal samples would serve as a more accurate proxy prior to weaning whereas buccal samples would more accurately represent the rumen after weaning. These data will be invaluable for researchers interested in understanding the acquisition, succession, and establishment of the calf rumen microbiota using non-invasive approaches.

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Gregorczyk-Maga, Iwona, Mateusz Fiema, Michal Kania, Estera Jachowicz-Matczak, Dorota Romaniszyn, Karolina Gerreth, Tomasz Klupa et Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach. « Oral Microbiota—One Habitat or Diverse Niches ? A Pilot Study of Sampling and Identification of Oral Bacterial and Fungal Biota in Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Insulin Pump ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n^o 3 (27 janvier 2023) : 2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032252.

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Objective: The oral microbiota is a very complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem. Alterations of its balance can result in oral and systemic diseases. We aimed to characterize the microbiota in particular niches of the oral cavity in adult type 1 diabetes patients treated with continuous infusion of insulin with insulin pump (IP). In addition, we aimed to determine optimal sites of oral microbiota sampling in studies of large research groups of patients with DM I. Design: In this pilot study, we sampled the buccal and soft palate mucosa, tongue, palatal and buccal dental surfaces and gingival pockets of adult DM I patients treated with IP. Results: In total, 23 patients were recruited. The oral microbiota was dominated by Streptococus and Neisseria, with a low incidence of cariogenic S. mutans and Lactobacillus, as well as periodontal pathogens such as Prevotella. There were significant differences in overall CFU counts of all strains, Gram-positive, Staphylococci, Streptococci and S. oralis strains between mucosal and dental surface sites. The overall CFU counts of all strains and Gram-positive strains were higher in dental sites vs. mucosal sites (both p < 0.001). CFU counts of S. oralis were significantly higher in dental sites vs. gingival pocket sites (p = 0.013). Candida species were rare. The mucosal sites on the buccae presented lower diversity and bacterial counts. Conclusions: In the study group of adult DM I patients treated with IP, the microbiota in particular niches of the oral cavity was significantly different. Three distinct and optimally appropriate sampling sites for oral microflora were identified: buccal and palatal mucosa, dental surface and gingival pockets. The results of this study may be the basis for further studies of large groups of patients with DM I.

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GIURGIU, Gheorghe, et Manole COJOCARU. « Natural Neuroimunomodulation in Coronavirus Infection ». Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Biological Sciences 9, n^o 2 (2020) : 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscibio.2020.2.80.

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Dysbiosis of the nasopharyngeal microbiome attracts dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome and activation of the intestinal microbiome-brain axis. If the first sign of the disease is quickly intervened with the modulation of the activity of the microbiome, implicitly of the immune system (neuroimmunomodulation), the appearance of the disease is eliminated. There is the microbiome: buccal, nasal, intestinal, cardiac, cutaneous and even the microbiome in the brain with which Covid-19 interacts. When the evolution is complicated, it is necessary to intervene with drug treatment to support the affected organs. Although there is also renal impairment, no coronaviruses or traces were found in the patients' urine. Knowing that the infection also causes digestive symptoms, coronaviruses have been shown in faeces. It is said that in 1-2% of cases Covid-19 reaches the bloodstream. The microbiome is essential for promoting immune function to prevent and combat disease. Specifically, with regard to viral infections, there must be an adequate immune response to protect the body. The intestinal microbiota with low diversity will consequently lead to a deficient immune function. The microbiota, the intestine and the brain communicate through the microbiota-intestine-brain axis in a bidirectional way. We assume that the Covid-19 virus creates a dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome. A healthy gut microbiome is crucial in creating an adequate response to coronavirus. A diverse microbiome is a healthy microbiome, which contains many different species that each play a role in immunity and health. The motivation of the project is the study of the influence of the intestinal microbiota in terms of health and the appearance of symptoms in Covid-19 infection. With the help of Deniplant brand natural remedies, the authors have developed several products for autoimmune, metabolic and neurological diseases that act as immunomodulators of the human microbiome.

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Khurelchuluun, Ariuntsetseg, Osamu Uehara, Durga Paudel, Tetsuro Morikawa, Yutaka Kawano, Mashu Sakata, Hiroshi Shibata et al. « Bee Pollen Diet Alters the Bacterial Flora and Antimicrobial Peptides in the Oral Cavities of Mice ». Foods 10, n^o 6 (4 juin 2021) : 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061282.

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Background: Bee pollen (BP) has a broad range of beneficial effects on health. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BP on the oral environment, including the microbiome and antimicrobial peptides. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: control and BP. The BP group was fed with a 5% BP diet for 1 month. Swabs from the oral and buccal mucosa and samples of the intestinal stool were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and the microbiome was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: BP inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis at a concentration of >2.5%. The metagenomic study showed that the abundance of genus Lactococcus was significantly elevated in the oral and intestinal microbiomes of the BP group when compared to those of the control group. Significant alterations in alpha and beta diversity were observed between the oral microbiomes of the two groups. The mRNA levels of beta-defensin-2 and -3 were significantly upregulated in the buccal mucosa of the BP group. Conclusion: A BP diet may have a beneficial effect on oral and systemic health by modulating the bacterial flora and antimicrobial peptides of the oral cavity. Further investigations are needed to clarify how a BP diet affects overall human health.

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Morad, Golnaz, Matthew Lastrapes, Matthew Wong, Pranoti Sahasrabhojane, Sherise Ferguson, Nadim Ajami et Jennifer Wargo. « Abstract 3045 : Distinct oral microbial signatures are associated with primary and metastatic brain tumors ». Cancer Research 82, n^o 12_Supplement (15 juin 2022) : 3045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3045.

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Abstract Background: The role of microbiome in different steps of tumor development and progression has been shown across various tumor types. However, the contribution of microbiome to brain tumors is yet to be understood. A crosstalk between the gut and oral microbiota and the brain microenvironment has been demonstrated in the context of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesize that distinct gut and oral microbial signatures are associated with primary and metastatic brain tumors. Methods: Matched stool, saliva, and buccal swab samples were collected prospectively from patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors who underwent surgical tumor resection at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Samples were collected using the OMNIgene microbiome collection and stabilization kits (DNAgenotek, Kit Number OM-200, OMR-120, and OM-505 for stool, buccal swab, and saliva, respectively). Samples were then processed, aliquoted, and stored at -80 C. Samples from 10 patients for each disease type were sequenced via metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Taxonomic profiling was conducted through MetaPhlAn and Virmap, for bacterial and viral taxa, respectively. Beta diversity was analyzed using Bray-Curtis and UniFrac analyses. Biom files were further analyzed to identify the signatures associated with each disease type, using the Phyloseq and Microbiome packages in R and heatmaps were generated using the Pheatmap package. Results: Microbiome beta diversity analysis demonstrated distinct clustering of stool, saliva, and buccal swab samples in both primary and metastatic brain tumor patients, which confirmed high sample quality and lack of cross-contamination between buccal swab and oral samples during sample collection. Analysis of oral microbiome samples demonstrated distinct bacterial and viral signatures that were enriched in metastatic brain tumors in comparison to primary brain tumors. In contrast, the composition of gut microbial taxa was comparable between metastatic and primary brain tumors and demonstrated enrichment in Bacteroides and Microviridae families. Conclusion: Our analysis of gut and oral microbiome in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors suggest that distinct bacterial and viral taxa within the oral microbiome are enriched in metastatic brain tumors. We are in the process of expanding our clinical cohort to further validate these findings. Moreover, mechanistic studies are ongoing to understand the contribution of microbial signatures to the development and progression of metastatic and primary tumors. (These studies were supported by the National Institute of Health (F32CA260769) and the Glioblastoma Moonshot Program at the MD Anderson Cancer Center.) Citation Format: Golnaz Morad, Matthew Lastrapes, Matthew Wong, Pranoti Sahasrabhojane, Sherise Ferguson, Nadim Ajami, Jennifer Wargo. Distinct oral microbial signatures are associated with primary and metastatic brain tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3045.

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Jung, Won, et Sungil Jang. « Oral Microbiome Research on Oral Lichen Planus : Current Findings and Perspectives ». Biology 11, n^o 5 (9 mai 2022) : 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11050723.

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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa with an unknown etiology. The role of oral microbes in the development of OLP has gained researchers’ interest. In this review, we summarized the findings of studies focused on the relationship between OLP and oral microbiome, which includes the composition of oral microbiota, molecules produced by oral microbiota or the host, and the oral environment of the host. According to the studies, the oral microbial community in OLP patients undergoes dysbiosis, and the microbial dysbiosis in OLP patients is more prominent in the buccal mucosa than in the saliva. However, no same microorganisms have been suggested to be associated with OLP in multiple investigations, implying that the functional aspects of the oral microbiota are more important in OLP development than the composition of the oral microbiota. According to studies on host factors that make up the oral environment, signal pathways involved in cellular processes, such as keratinization, inflammation, and T cell responses are triggered in OLP. Studies on the functional aspects of the oral microbiota, as well as interactions between the host and the oral microbiota, are still lacking, and more research is required.

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Charalambous, Eleftheria G., Sophie B. Mériaux, Pauline Guebels, Claude P. Muller, Fleur A. D. Leenen, Martha M. C. Elwenspoek, Ines Thiele, Johannes Hertel et Jonathan D. Turner. « Early-Life Adversity Leaves Its Imprint on the Oral Microbiome for More Than 20 Years and Is Associated with Long-Term Immune Changes ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n^o 23 (24 novembre 2021) : 12682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312682.

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The early-life microbiome (ELM) interacts with the psychosocial environment, in particular during early-life adversity (ELA), defining life-long health trajectories. The ELM also plays a significant role in the maturation of the immune system. We hypothesised that, in this context, the resilience of the oral microbiomes, despite being composed of diverse and distinct communities, allows them to retain an imprint of the early environment. Using 16S amplicon sequencing on the EpiPath cohort, we demonstrate that ELA leaves an imprint on both the salivary and buccal oral microbiome 24 years after exposure to adversity. Furthermore, the changes in both communities were associated with increased activation, maturation, and senescence of both innate and adaptive immune cells, although the interaction was partly dependent on prior herpesviridae exposure and current smoking. Our data suggest the presence of multiple links between ELA, Immunosenescence, and cytotoxicity that occur through long-term changes in the microbiome.

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Vanlancker, Eline, Barbara Vanhoecke, Tom Sieprath, Janie Bourgeois, Annelore Beterams, Barbara De Moerloose, Winnok H. De Vos et Tom Van de Wiele. « Oral microbiota reduce wound healing capacity of epithelial monolayers, irrespective of the presence of 5-fluorouracil ». Experimental Biology and Medicine 243, n^o 4 (16 janvier 2018) : 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370217753842.

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Oral mucositis is still one of the most painful side effects of chemotherapeutic treatment and a mounting body of evidence suggests a key role for the oral microbiome in mucositis development. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this work, we have investigated the interactions between the host, the microbiome, and chemotherapeutic treatments in more detail. The effect of 5-fluorouracil, commonly inducing mucositis, was assessed on a co-culture model that consists of an epithelial cell layer and a biofilm derived from oral microbiota from different types of samples (saliva, buccal swabs and tongue swabs) and donors (healthy individuals and patients suffering from mucositis). After 24 h co-incubation, all oral microbial samples were found to reduce wound healing capacity with 26 ± 15% as compared with untreated condition. Compared with saliva and tongue samples, buccal samples were characterized by lower bacterial cell counts and hence higher wound healing capacity. For samples from healthy individuals, an inverse correlation was observed between bacterial cell counts and wound healing capacity, whereas for patients suffering from mucositis no correlation was observed. Moreover, patient-derived samples had a less diverse microbial community and higher abundances of pathogenic genera. No major impact of 5-fluorouracil on wound healing capacity or the composition of the microbiome was seen at physiologically relevant concentrations in the mouth. In conclusion, bacterial cell count is inversely correlated with wound healing capacity, which emphasizes the importance of oral hygiene during oral wound healing in healthy individuals. However, future research on extra measures besides oral hygiene is needed to assure a good wound healing during mucositis, as for patients the bacterial composition seems also crucial. The direct effect of 5-fluorouracil on both the microbiome and wound healing is minimal, pointing to the importance of the host and its immune system in chemotherapy-induced microbial shifts. Impact statement Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis has a major impact on the quality of life of patients. The additional costs and treatment time associated with this pathology are significant. Although the pathology of the disease is well understood, the role and importance of oral microbiota currently are less clear. In this study, we focused on the effect of oral microbiota on wound healing, the final phase of oral mucositis, during 5-FU exposure. We show that the bacterial load and composition have a major impact on the healing process in contrast to 5-FU which only marginally slows down healing. This emphasizes the importance of good oral health care during oral mucositis to minimize bacterial load around the oral lesions. However, since we show that also the composition of the oral microbiome plays a role in wound recovery, the identification of specific pathogenic species or their metabolites might be worthwhile to allow proper treatment.

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Minelli, Maria, Federico Anaclerio, Dario Calisi, Marco Onofrj, Ivana Antonucci, Valentina Gatta et Liborio Stuppia. « Application of Metagenomics Sequencing in a Patient with Dementia : A New Case Report ». Genes 15, n^o 8 (18 août 2024) : 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15081089.

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(1) Background: The study of the microbiome is crucial for its role in major systemic diseases, in particular the oral and gut microbiota. In recent years, the study of microorganisms correlated, for example, with neurodegenerative disease has increased the prospect of a possible link between gut microbiota and the brain. Here, we report a new case concerning a patient who was initially evaluated genetically for dementia and late-onset dyskinesia, and later tested with 16S metagenomics sequencing. (2) Methods: Starting from a buccal swab, we extracted bacterial DNA and then we performed NGS metagenomics sequencing based on the amplification of the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene in bacteria. (3) Results: The sequencing revealed the presence of the Spirochaetes phylum, a pathogenic bacterium generally known to be capable of migrating to the Central Nervous System. (4) Conclusions: Oral infections, as our results suggest, could be possible contributing factors to various neurodegenerative conditions.

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Zhang, Zhenwei, Bingjian Huang, Yonghui Wang, Mingxia Zhu et Changfa Wang. « Could Weaning Remodel the Oral Microbiota Composition in Donkeys ? An Exploratory Study ». Animals 12, n^o 16 (10 août 2022) : 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12162024.

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As the initiation point of digestion, the oral microbiome is important in maintaining oral and systemic health. However, the composition of oral microbial communities and the influence of weaning on the oral microbiota of donkey foals remains poorly characterized. The present study used buccal swab samples to determine the changes in oral microbial communities occurring at the time of weaning. A total of 20 oral swab samples were collected from two groups: preweaning donkey foals (PreW group, n = 10) and postweaning donkey foals (PostW group, n = 10). The donkey oral microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. This study is the first report of the donkey oral microbiome in association with weaning. Compared to the preweaning donkeys, the oral bacteria diversity in the postweaning donkeys was increased, with a higher Simpson index. Changes in the composition of the oral microbiota between the PreW and PostW groups were observed in the present study. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Myxococcota was significantly greater in the PostW than in the PreW group. At the genus level, the Gemella, unclassified_o__Lactobacillales, and Lactobacillus were increased in the postweaning donkeys. The donkeys’ oral microbial functions were predicted using PICRUSt, and the functions related to carbohydrate metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in the oral microbiome in the PostW donkeys. In summary, the current study provides a deeper insight into the oral microbiota changes during the weaning period, and the influence of weaning together with the documented changes in diversity and composition will help us to obtain a better understanding of their long-term health impact within the oral cavities of donkey foals. However, a major limitation of the present study was that the samples were obtained from different animals in the PreW and PostW groups, which may have resulted in variability among the different individuals. Further investigation is needed to monitor the shift in oral microbes in the same individuals during the weaning period.

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KUMAR, M., K. O. KARAMENDIN, T. B. SABYRZHAN, S. Sh NURALIBEKOV, S. GOODMAN et A. I. KYDYRMANOV. « АНАЛИЗ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНОГО МИКРОБИОМА КАСПИЙСКИХ ТЮЛЕНЕЙ (PUSA CASPICA) С ПОМОЩЬЮ МЕТАГЕНОМНОГО СЕКВЕНИРОВАНИЯ SHOTGUN ». МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ, n^o 3(46) (17 septembre 2024) : 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.03.07.

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The Caspian seal (Pusa caspica), found only in the Caspian Sea, plays a crucial role in its ecosystem as both a primary piscivore and a fundamental environmental indicator. However, Caspian seals face threats from human activities and pathogenic infections. In this study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was utilized to investigate the bacterial communities present in nasal, buccal, rectal, and urogenital swabs from adult female Caspian seals. The results demonstrated a diverse microbiome of Caspian seals, predominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria, with each sample type harboring distinct bacterial genera. Additionally, the study identified key pathogenic bacteria in specific sample types: Brucellawas detected exclusively in urogenital samples, Leptospira was widespread in buccal and nasal samples, and Mycobacterium was prevalent in buccal and urogenital samples. These insights enhance our understanding of Caspian seals' health, highlighting the importance of microbial diversity in their physiology and survival. This knowledge is critical for the conservation of Caspian seals, particularly in emergencies affecting their population, and for developing effective rehabilitation strategies. Каспийский тюлень (Pusa caspica), обитающий исключительно в Каспийском море, играет ключевую роль в своей экосистеме как основной рыбоядный и важный экологический индикатор. Однако каспийские тюлени находятся под угрозой из-за антропогенных факторов и патогенных инфекций. В этом исследовании с помощью метагеномного секвенирования методом дробовика изучен бактериальный состав проб, взятых из носовых, ротовых, ректальных и мочеполовых мазков у взрослых самок каспийских тюленей. Результаты показали разнообразный микробиом, представленный преимущественно Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes и Fusobacteria, причем каждый тип образца содержал уникальные бактериальные роды. Кроме того, исследование выявило ключевые патогенные бактерии в определенных типах проб: Brucellaбыла обнаружена исключительно в мочеполовых образцах, Leptospira широко распространена в ротовых и носовых пробах, а Mycobacterium преобладал в ротовых и урогенитальных смывах. Эти результаты расширяют наше понимание здоровья морских млекопитающих и подчеркивают важность микробного разнообразия для их физиологии и выживания. Эти знания имеют критическое значение для сохранения вида, особенно при возникновении чрезвычайных ситуаций в популяции каспийских тюленей и разработки эффективных стратегий их реабилитации.

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da Silva, Amanda Almeida, Amanda Silva Passos, Ana Beatriz Duarte Fonseca, Millena Daniella Pinheiro Freire, Felipe Silva Gomes, Juliana Feitosa Ferreira, Valbiana Cristina Melo de Abreu Araújo, Lucas Daylor Aguiar Da Silva, Ana Paula Brito Da Silva et Maria Áurea Lira Feitosa. « COVID- 19 e condições de saúde bucal : uma revisão integrativa ». Brazilian Journal of Health Review 5, n^o 6 (10 novembre 2022) : 22443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv5n6-047.

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A pandemia da Covid-19, iniciou-se pela proliferação global do SARS-CoV-2. Sua transmissão ocorre por meio de gotículas projetadas nas entradas principais, sendo estas a cavidade oral, nariz ou olhos, levando ao primeiro contato e colonização de células pelo vírus. O SARS-CoV-2 interage com a microbiota pulmonar e oral por meio de mecanismos que envolvem alterações nas citocinas junto a respostas de células T e efeitos das condições do hospedeiro como envelhecimento e alterações do microbioma oral. Dado a isso, é importante entender essa relação, a fim de esclarecer o papel da cavidade bucal como portal de entrada para o SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Analisar, por meio da literatura científica, a possível correlação entre a condição de saúde bucal e o agravamento da Covid-19. Metodologia: foram utilizados como descritores: “COVID-19” ou “Coronavirus” e “Oral hygiene”, nas bases de dados LILACS/BVS e PUBMED. 10 artigos foram selecionados para o trabalho, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão adotados. Resultados: A cavidade bucal tem papel importante na patogênese da Covid-19 por abrigar os receptores da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 (ACE-2), proteína que atua como uma “porta de entrada” do vírus e viabiliza a sua invasão nas células do hospedeiro. Portanto, conclui-se que a microbiota oral pode influenciar na gravidade da Covid-19, de maneira que a adoção de protocolos criteriosos de higiene bucal no manejo dos pacientes torna-se imprescindível, a fim de contribuir para a prevenção de fatores agravantes, e consequentemente, para a melhoria da condição sistêmica apresentada.

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Dycus, Madison M., Utsav Lamichhane et Jeferson M. Lourenco. « 92 Utilizing buccal swabs as a substitute for ruminal fluid for characterizing the microbiome of Angus bulls ». Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_3 (1 septembre 2024) : 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.376.

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Abstract Gastrointestinal tract metagenomic sequencing has unveiled rumen microbiota influences on animal production and efficiency; however, ability to analyze the rumen non-invasively, amply, and cost-effectively is restricted, as specialized equipment is required to obtain ruminal samples. This study aimed to employ buccal swabs as a substitute for rumen sampling by exploiting rumination. Ruminal fluid contents and buccal swabs were collected from registered Angus bulls (n = 541) produced by five commercial feed testing centers located in Georgia, Iowa, and Montana. DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to determine differences and similarities in microbial composition between the two sample types. Sequencing data were analyzed for taxonomic classification, and calculation of alpha and beta diversity indices. Microbial evenness (Pielou’s index), richness (number of amplicon sequence variants), and diversity (Shannon index) were all significantly greater (P < 0.01) in the rumen, indicating distinct differences in alpha diversity between sample type. Beta diversity analysis (unweighted UniFrac distances) revealed the taxonomic profile of each sample type was also explicitly different (P < 0.01). Both sample types were dominated by genera that are common members of each environment: Streptococcus in oral, and Prevotella in ruminal samples, and only three of the 30 most abundant genera for each sample type were shared in both environments. At the species level, only 33.1% out of 4,323 total microbial species occurred in both rumen and oral environments. Collectively, these results suggest substantial differences between oral and ruminal compartments, indicating that using the oral microbiome as a substitute for the rumen microbiome may not be a feasible strategy. Further research should be conducted to control for factors that could impact oral to rumen reflection, such as time since last feeding, rumination patterns, and water intake.

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de Jesus, Vivianne Cruz, Manu Singh, Robert J. Schroth, Prashen Chelikani et Carol A. Hitchon. « Association of Bitter Taste Receptor T2R38 Polymorphisms, Oral Microbiota, and Rheumatoid Arthritis ». Current Issues in Molecular Biology 43, n^o 3 (9 octobre 2021) : 1460–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb43030103.

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The association of taste genetics and the oral microbiome in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been reported. We explored a novel oral mucosal innate immune pathway involving the bitter taste G protein-coupled receptor T2R38. This case–control study aimed to evaluate whether T2R38 polymorphisms associate with the buccal microbial composition in RA. Genomic DNA was obtained from buccal swabs of 35 RA patients and 64 non-RA controls. TAS2R38 genotypes were determined by Sanger sequencing. The buccal microbiome was assessed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V4-16S rRNA gene. Bacterial community differences were analyzed with alpha and beta diversity measures. Linear discriminant analysis effect size identified taxa discriminating between RA versus non-RA and across TAS2R38 genotypes. TAS2R38 genotype frequency was similar between RA and non-RA controls (PAV/PAV; PAV/AVI; AVI/AVI: RA 42.9%; 45.7%; 11.4% versus controls 32.8%; 48.4%; 18.8%, chi-square (2, N = 99) = 2.1, p = 0.35). The relative abundance of Porphyromonas, among others, differed between RA and non-RA controls. The relative abundance of several bacterial species also differed across TAS2R38 genotypes. These findings suggest an association between T2R38 polymorphisms and RA buccal microbial composition. However, further research is needed to understand the impact of T2R38 in oral health and RA development.

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Mota, Stéphanie Chrystine Balestro, Geannine Milly Alves Barbosa Lima, Letícia Costa de Paula, Giulia Freire Sampaio et Cecília Leite Costa. « Perfil bacteriano da cavidade oral : uma revisão sobre a influência bioquímica e metabólica da microbiota e patógenos nas doenças orais ». Brazilian Journal of Health Review 7, n^o 4 (21 août 2024) : e72067. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n4-323.

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O microbioma oral é composto por uma vasta gama de microrganismos, como bactérias, protozoários, fungos e vírus, que habitam diversos locais na cavidade oral, incluindo a língua, sulco gengival e saliva. Esse ecossistema beneficia-se das condições ideais de umidade, temperatura e pH fornecidas pela boca, além de nutrientes abundantes. Cada indivíduo possui um microbioma variável, influenciado por fatores genéticos e ambientais, que pode ser alterado por condições como idade, dieta, higiene bucal inadequada, tabagismo e materiais dentários. A microbiota oral desempenha funções cruciais, como proteção da mucosa, metabolismo de nutrientes e modulação imunológica. No entanto, desequilíbrios na composição microbiana, conhecidos como disbiose, estão associados a várias doenças orais e sistêmicas Sendo assim, esse artigo explora a compreensão dos mecanismos metabólicos e bioquímicos que regulam esse equilíbrio, visto a importância disso para a prevenção e tratamento eficaz de diversas doenças orais.

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Na, Hee Sam, Si Yeong Kim, Hyejung Han, Hyun-Joo Kim, Ju-Youn Lee, Jae-Hyung Lee et Jin Chung. « Identification of Potential Oral Microbial Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Periodontitis ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, n^o 5 (20 mai 2020) : 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051549.

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Periodontitis is a chronic and multifactorial inflammatory disease that can lead to tooth loss. At present, the diagnosis for periodontitis is primarily based on clinical examination and radiographic parameters. Detecting the periodontal pathogens at the subgingival plaque requires skilled professionals to collect samples. Periodontal pathogens are also detected on various mucous membranes in patients with periodontitis. In this study, we characterized the oral microbiome profiles from buccal mucosa and supragingival space in a total of 272 healthy subjects as a control group, and periodontitis patients as a disease group. We identified 13 phyla, 193 genera, and 527 species and determined periodontitis-associated taxa. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticolar, Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fretibacterium fastiosum and Peptostreptococcus species were significantly increased in both the buccal mucosa and the supragingival space in periodontitis patients. The identified eight periodontitis-associated bacterial species were clinically validated in an independent cohort. We generated the prediction model based on the oral microbiome profiles using five machine learning algorithms, and validated its capability in predicting the status of patients with periodontitis. The results showed that the oral microbiome profiles from buccal mucosa and supragingival space can represent the microbial composition of subgingival plaque and further be utilized to identify potential microbial biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis. Besides, bacterial community interaction network analysis found distinct patterns associated with dysbiosis in periodontitis. In summary, we have identified oral bacterial species from buccal and supragingival sites which can predict subgingival bacterial composition and can be used for early diagnosis of periodontitis. Therefore, our study provides an important basis for developing easy and noninvasive methods to diagnose and monitor periodontitis.

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Campos, Mario Julio Avila. « Características do Microbioma Bucal Humano ». Journal of Dentistry & ; Public Health 9, n^o 2 (29 juin 2018) : 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2596-3368dentistry.v9i2.2001.

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Os microrganismos e os seres humanos convivem em relação bidirecional, tanto na saúde como na doença. A cavidade bucal é porta de entrada do organismo humano, onde coabitam bactérias, fungos e vírus. Interações entre os microrganismos e sistemas do hospedeiro, contribuem tanto para a saúde como para a doença. Este trabalho realizou uma revisão de literatura sobre o microbioma bucal humano e sua relação com o hospedeiro. O envolvimento de microrganismos bucais com doenças como cárie e periodontite são analisadas de forma especial, bem como a relação entre o desequilíbrio da saúde bucal e manifestações sistêmicas associadas. O levantamento foi realizado em sítios de busca na internet utilizando os termos " microbioma, biofilme, doenças bucais" em português e inglês, selecionando preferencialmente artigos publicados nos últimos quinze anos. Com os avanços em pesquisa na Odontologia, juntamente com a abordagem multidisciplinar na área da saúde em geral, se construiu a idéia de que a manutenção do equilíbrio do microbioma bucal depende de diversos fatores. Assim, desde uma higiene bucal adequada, reduzindo a ingestão de açúcares e o uso de antibióticos, bem como mantendo o sistema imune íntegro, são elementos fundamentais para a prevenção de doenças e preservação da saúde humana.

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Contreras, Monica, Elizabeth K. Costello, Glida Hidalgo, Magda Magris, Rob Knight et Maria G. Dominguez-Bello. « The bacterial microbiota in the oral mucosa of rural Amerindians ». Microbiology 156, n^o 11 (1 novembre 2010) : 3282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.043174-0.

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The oral microbiota plays an important role in buccal health and in diseases such as periodontitis and meningitis. The study of the human oral bacteria has so far focused on subjects from Western societies, while little is known about subjects from isolated communities. This work determined the composition of the oral mucosa microbiota from six Amazon Amerindians, and tested a sample preservation alternative to freezing. Paired oral swabs were taken from six adults of Guahibo ethnicity living in the community of Platanillal, Amazonas State, Venezuela. Replicate swabs were preserved in liquid nitrogen and in Aware Messenger fluid (Calypte). Buccal DNA was extracted, and the V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and pyrosequenced. A total of 17 214 oral bacterial sequences were obtained from the six subjects; these were binned into 1034 OTUs from 10 phyla, 30 families and 51 genera. The oral mucosa was highly dominated by four phyla: Firmicutes (mostly the genera Streptococcus and Veillonella), Proteobacteria (mostly Neisseria), Bacterioidetes (Prevotella) and Actinobacteria (Micrococcineae). Although the microbiota were similar at the phylum level, the Amerindians shared only 62 % of the families and 23 % of the genera with non-Amerindians from previous studies, and had a lower richness of genera (51 vs 177 reported in non-Amerindians). The Amerindians carried unidentified members of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and their microbiota included soil bacteria Gp1 (Acidobacteriaceae) and Xylanibacter (Prevotellaceae), and the rare genus Phocoenobacter (Pasteurellaceae). Preserving buccal swabs in the Aware Messenger oral fluid collection device substantially altered the bacterial composition in comparison to freezing, and therefore this method cannot be used to preserve samples for the study of microbial communities.

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Catanese, Silvia, Carlotta Catozzi, Angeli Dominique Macandog, Nicola Fazio, Uberto Fumagalli, Giuseppe De Roberto, Stefano De Pascale et al. « Multidimensional characterization of early-stage gastric cancer : Preliminary results of MIMETIC trial. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, n^o 4_suppl (1 février 2023) : 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.4_suppl.422.

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422 Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) represents a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. For localized and locally advanced (LA) GA, accounting for 30% of new diagnoses, surgery, with or without peri-operative chemotherapy (CTX), remains the cornerstone of treatment. Nevertheless, the cure rate remains unsatisfactory. Genomic biomarkers have been tested to tailor anticancer treatments, but no one is able to guide the treatment choice in GA. Gut microbiota represents an emerging area of investigation in cancer, as a key modulator of host immune response. However, its role in GA on treatment tolerability and outcome is not unraveled. Additionally, radiomics, which can perform massive data mining to increase diagnostic power, and extensive dietary assessment are fast-growing tools. Our aim is to set an innovative approach to mapping the interaction among nutrition, microbiome, genomics, and radiomics and correlate them with clinical outcomes. Methods: We are conducting a prospective observational trial in GA patients (pts), candidates to receive peri-operative CTX or upfront surgery. For each patient, we longitudinally collect blood, fecal and salivary samples, alongside clinical and nutritional information. Additionally, past dietary consumption is measured using the food frequency questionnaire. At baseline, CT scan for staging, radiomic analysis, upper digestive endoscopy with biopsy, and molecular biomarkers are performed. Additional samples are taken from tumor and surrounding normal mucosa (1 to 3 cm) for microbiome analysis. Genomic DNA from stool, buccal and gastric tissue samples will be extracted and subjected to 16S metagenomic sequencing. Taxonomic and functional features within and between anatomical compartments will be correlated with clinical and radiomic data. Results: Here, we are presenting preliminary data of fecal samples from 35 GA pts in comparison with a cohort of healthy subjects (HCs) collected at our Institution. Pts’ characteristics are outlined here. We observed that the structure of the gut microbiota of GA pts is distinct from HCs in terms of beta diversity, and this difference is maintained after CTX. In particular, GA’s microbiota was enriched in S. anginosus, among other taxa. Conclusions: Our preliminary data support the feasibility of the study. The differences in structure and composition of the gut microbiota of GA pts compared to HCs confirm previous reports while providing the rationale for developing gut microbiota profiling into a non-invasive biomarker, to implement early diagnosis and prevention. The study is ongoing and actively recruiting.[Table: see text]

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Salas, Elaysa, Lorena Bustillos et Jormani Quintero. « Microbiota bucal en el adulto mayor edéntulo. Revisión de la literatura ». Revista Odontológica de Los Andes 17, n^o 1 (2022) : 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53766/rola/2022.17.01.06.

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Los estudios sobre el microbiota bucal de personas mayores que viven en la comunidad es limitado y los cambios que ocurren en la microbiota habitual en pacientes edéntulos han sido poco reportados. El objetivo de esta revisión es ofrecer un acercamiento a la perspectiva actual de la microbiota del adulto mayor edéntulo y sus posibles consecuencias sobre su salud bucal. Esta revisión de la literatura es tipo Estado del Arte y pretende contextualizar y establecer las características de la microbiota bucal de los adultos mayores edéntulos. Se utilizaron publicaciones en las cuales analizaron muestras microbiológicas de cohortes de este tipo de pacientes. Los artículos incluidos fueron filtrados por año de publicación en un rango comprendido entre el 2017 y 2022, para tipos de estudios: revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos, casos y controles, estudios descriptivos y explicativos a través de motores de búsqueda y bases de datos como ScienceDirect (Elsevier), PubMed (MedLine), SciELO y el buscador Google Académico, de artículos publicados durante los últimos 5 años. Como resultados se encontró que el adulto mayor, experimenta cambios en la composición de la microbiota asociados a diferentes factores químicos y físicos, las especies de bacterias localizadas en la cavidad bucal del adulto mayor edéntulo se concentran en 9 Phylum y 29 géneros bacterianos. Los Phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria y Bacteriodetes representan la mayoría de las bacterias de la cavidad bucal en estos individuos, los géneros bacterianos más comunes, se concentran en Streptococcus, Veillonella, Actinomyces, Rothia, Prevotella y Neisseria Para los pacientes portadores de dentaduras totales la mayor prevalencia registrada se concentra en seis géneros bacterianos: Streptococcus, Veillonella, Rothia, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella y Alteromonas, la proporción en los géneros Streptococcus, Neisseria, Rothia, Sediminibacterium es mayor en edéntulos. Todos inciden en la colonización microbiana modificando la diversidad de los microorganismos de la cavidad bucal.

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Pikuza, Olga I., Reseda A. Fayzullina, Alfiya M. Zakirova et Elena A. Samorodnova. « Candida albicans adhesion on buccal epitheliocytes as an indicator of microbiota homeostatic balance in children with chronic gastroduodenitis ». Kazan medical journal 103, n^o 5 (3 octobre 2022) : 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2022-744.

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Background. Recently, the incidence of mycoses in patients with a gastroenterological profile has grown due to an increase in the intensity of the impact on the human body of external factors that cause disturbances in the antimycotic defense system. Aim. To study the adhesion of Candida albicans on buccal epitheliocytes in children with chronic gastroduodenitis. Material and methods. 96 children (mean age 12.431.24 years) with recurrent respiratory diseases with morphologically proven chronic gastroduodenitis associated with Helicobacter pylori were examined. The adhesion of Candida, contamination of buccal epithelial cells with bacteria were studied. All children underwent paraclinical studies, instrumental methods of research, consultations of specialists were also prescribed. In the study of the adhesive reaction of C. albicans on buccal epitheliocytes, a Candida strain from the collection of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Pathology was used. 100 epitheliocytes were studied, the result was evaluated by the number of Candida in terms of 1 epitheliocyte. Registration of artificial colonization of buccal epithelial cells was carried out according to the method of D. Goldman and E. Goetzl (2003) modified by A.N. Mayansky. The children were divided into 2 groups: the main one the detected growth of C. albicans over 1000 CFU/g, and the comparative one the absence of excess growth of C. albicans. Statistical processing included the determination of the correlation coefficient, the arithmetic mean (M) and its standard error (m), differences in indicators according to Student's criteria (the level at p 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results. Harmonious proportional development was observed in 55.21% of children, microbiota imbalance was noted: bloating and rumbling along the colon, (p=0.0087), unstable stool (p=0.0241) and constipation (p=0.6092). The spectrum of comorbid pathology revealed the presence of allergic diseases (p=0.0048), up to 10 episodes of acute respiratory viral infection (p=0.1702), more than 10 episodes of acute respiratory viral infection (p=0.0105), adenoid vegetations (p=0.531), chronic pyelonephritis in the stage of clinical and laboratory remission (p=0.0216). Assessment of the intestinal microbial landscape showed a significant decrease in the content of bifidobacteria in the main group (p=0.0482), and lactobacilli were comparable in both groups (p=0.0839). In the comparison group, in 88.63% of cases, the indices of adhesion of C. albicans on buccal epitheliocytes were 6.370.46, in the main group 11.860.74 (p=0.0362). A direct relationship between the parameters of artificial colonization of buccal epitheliocytes and the degree of microbiological changes in the intestine was found (r=0.58, p=0.0097). Conclusion. The study of adhesion of Candida albicans on buccal epitheliocytes in children with chronic gastroduodenitis revealed a unidirectional shift in the quantitative content of the obligate oral and intestinal microbiota, which can be used as a screening for the homeostatic balance of the microbiota.

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Chao, Xiao-Pei, Ting-Ting Sun, Shu Wang, Qing-Bo Fan, Hong-Hui Shi, Lan Zhu et Jing-He Lang. « Correlation between the diversity of vaginal microbiota and the risk of high-risk human papillomavirus infection ». International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 29, n^o 1 (janvier 2019) : 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2018-000032.

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ObjectivesSince other genital infections enhance HIV susceptibility by inducing inflammation and evidence suggests that the vaginal microbiome plays a functional role in the persistence or regression of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, we investigated the relationship between the composition of the vaginal microbiota and the risk of high-risk HPV infection.MethodsThe study included 151 healthy women (65 HPV-positive and 86 HPV-negative) aged 20–65 at enrollment. Total genome DNA from samples was extracted using the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) CTAB method. The vaginal microbiota composition was determined by sequencing barcoded 16S rDNA gene fragments (V4) on Illumina HiSeq2500.ResultsOf the 30 most abundant bacteria at the genus level, we found only six bacteria with a statistical difference between HPV-positive and HPV-negative women: Bacteroides, Acinetobacter, Faecalibacterium, Streptococcus, Finegoldia, and Moryella. Lactobacillus was the predominant genus and was detected in all women, but there was no significant difference between the two groups for L. iners, L. jensenii, and L. gasseri. Furthermore, we found 26 types of bacteria with a statistical difference at the species level between the two groups. Anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides plebeius, Acinetobacter lwoffii, and Prevotella buccae were found significantly more frequently in HPV-positive women, which is the most important finding of our study.ConclusionOur findings suggest a possible role for the composition of the vaginal microbiota as a modifier of high-risk HPV infection, and specific microbiota species may serve as sensors for changes in the cervical microenvironment associated with high-risk HPV infection. The exact molecular mechanism of the vaginal microbiota in the course of high-risk HPV infection and cervical neoplasia should be further explored. Future research should include intervention in the composition of the vaginal microbiota to reverse the course of high-risk HPV infection and the natural history of cervical neoplasia.

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Yu, Guoqin, Steve Phillips, Mitchell H. Gail, James J. Goedert, Michael Humphrys, Jacques Ravel, Yanfang Ren et Neil E. Caporaso. « Evaluation of Buccal Cell Samples for Studies of Oral Microbiota ». Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & ; Prevention 26, n^o 2 (21 octobre 2016) : 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0538.

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Rovai, Emanuel da Silva, Felipe de Souza Matos, Warley David Kerbauy, Flávia Goulart da Rosa Cardoso, Frederico Canato Martinho, Luciane Dias de Oliveira, Marcia Carneiro Valera et Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho. « Microbial Profile and Endotoxin Levels in Primary Periodontal Lesions with Secondary Endodontic Involvement ». Brazilian Dental Journal 30, n^o 4 (juillet 2019) : 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902471.

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Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the microbial profile and endotoxin levels of endodontic-periodontal lesions of periodontal origin. Periodontal and endodontic samples were taken from periodontal pockets and necrotic root canals of 10 teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions. Evidencing of 40 different bacterial species were determined in each endodontic and periodontal sample using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method and Kinetic chromogenic LAL assay was used for quantification of endotoxins. Fisher’s exact test correlated the bacterial species with the endodontic or periodontal microbiota. The endotoxin levels (EU/mL) found in samples of the root canal and periodontal pocket were compared by the Wilcoxon test (p<0.05). Bacteria and LPS units were found in 100% of the endodontic and periodontal samples. The species E. faecium, P. acnes, G. morbillorum, C. sputigena and L. buccalis were strongly correlated with the endodontic microbiota and P. nigrescens with the periodontal microbiota. P. intermedia, P. endodontalis and V. parvula were more prevalent in both endodontic and periodontal microbiots. The endotoxin levels in the periodontal pocket (89600 EU/mL) were significantly higher than in the root canal (2310 EU/mL). It was concluded that the microbiota present in the periodontal and endodontic tissues is similar, with a higher prevalence of species of the orange complex and a higher level of endotoxin in the periodontal pockets.

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Blackman, Andrea C., Santosh Thapa, Alamelu Venkatachalam, Thomas D. Horvath, Jessica K. Runge, Sigmund J. Haidacher, Kathleen M. Hoch, Anthony M. Haag, Ruth Ann Luna et Aikaterini Anagnostou. « Insights into Microbiome and Metabolic Signatures of Children Undergoing Peanut Oral Immunotherapy ». Children 9, n^o 8 (9 août 2022) : 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9081192.

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Background: Peanut oral immunotherapy has emerged as a novel, active management approach for peanut-allergic sufferers, but limited data exist currently on the role of the microbiome in successful desensitization. Objective: We examined the oral and gut microbiome in a cohort of 17 children undergoing peanut oral immunotherapy with the aim to identify the microbiome signatures associated with successful desensitization. We also set out to characterize their fecal metabolic profiles after successful therapy. Methods: Participants gradually built up their daily dose from 2 mg (starting dose) to 300 mg (maintenance dose) within approximately 40 weeks. We collected a buccal and stool specimen from each subject at two different time points: at baseline and post-therapy (1 month after reaching maintenance). The oral (buccal) and gut (fecal) microbiome was characterized based on sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons with Illumina MiSeq. Fecal short chain fatty acid levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: We report increased alpha diversity of the oral microbiome post-therapy and have also identified a significant increase in the relative abundance of oral Actinobacteria, associated with the desensitized state. However, the baseline gut microbiome did not differ from the post-therapy. Additionally, fecal short chain fatty acids increased after therapy, but not significantly. Conclusion: Our research adds to the limited current knowledge on microbiome and metabolic signatures in pediatric patients completing oral immunotherapy. Post-therapy increased trends of fecal fatty acid levels support a role in modulating the allergic response and potentially exerting protective and anti-inflammatory effects alongside successful desensitization. A better understanding of the microbiome-related mechanisms underlying desensitization may allow development of smarter therapeutic approaches in the near future. Clinical implication: The oral microbiome composition is altered following successful peanut oral immunotherapy, with a significant increase in alpha diversity and the relative abundance of phylum Actinobacteria. Capsule summary: Significant microbiome changes in children completing peanut immunotherapy include increase in alpha-diversity and overrepresentation of Actinobacteria in the oral microbiome, and increased trends for fecal short chain fatty acids, suggesting a protective effect against the allergic response.

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Teixeira, Milena Guedes de Sá, et Rafael de Aguiar Vilela Júnior. « IMPACTO DA UTILIZAÇÃO DE CIGARROS ELETRÔNICOS NA SAÚDE BUCAL ». REVISTA FOCO 17, n^o 9 (23 septembre 2024) : e6249. http://dx.doi.org/10.54751/revistafoco.v17n9-144.

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Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi fornecer uma visão geral das evidências sobre os efeitos do cigarro eletrônico na saúde bucal através de uma revisão de literatura. Revisão bibliográfica: O uso do cigarro eletrônico vem aumentando, e estudos sobre seu impacto na saúde bucal vem sendo realizados. O cigarro eletrônico pode deteriorar a saúde bucal de diversas maneiras, pois eles produzem vapores nos quais contém substâncias químicas que podem levar a irritação e inflamação da cavidade oral. O uso de tal dispositivo também pode alterar a microbiota oral, a qual aumenta o risco de doenças periodontais. A redução da produção de saliva também é um fator preocupante em vista do uso do cigarro eletrônico, pois leva a xerostomia, aumentando assim o risco de cáries e infecções orais. Conclusão: As evidências presentes nos mostram que o uso de cigarro eletrônico leva a diversos efeitos adversos na saúde bucal, incluindo alterações na microbiota oral, doenças periodontais e xerostomia. Sendo necessário estudos futuros para determinar fatores a longo prazo.

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van der Meulen, Taco A., Hermie J. M. Harmsen, Hendrika Bootsma, Silvia C. Liefers, Arnau Vich Vila, Alexandra Zhernakova, Jingyuan Fu et al. « Dysbiosis of the buccal mucosa microbiome in primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients ». Rheumatology 57, n^o 12 (27 juillet 2018) : 2225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/key215.

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Zmysłowska-Polakowska, E., T. Płoszaj, S. Skoczylas, P. Mojsak, M. Ciborowski, A. Kretowski, M. Lukomska-Szymanska, A. Szadkowska, W. Mlynarski et A. Zmysłowska. « Evaluation of the Oral Bacterial Genome and Metabolites in Patients with Wolfram Syndrome ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n^o 6 (15 mars 2023) : 5596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065596.

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In Wolfram syndrome (WFS), due to the loss of wolframin function, there is increased ER stress and, as a result, progressive neurodegenerative disorders, accompanied by insulin-dependent diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oral microbiome and metabolome in WFS patients compared with patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and controls. The buccal and gingival samples were collected from 12 WFS patients, 29 HbA1c-matched T1DM patients (p = 0.23), and 17 healthy individuals matched by age (p = 0.09) and gender (p = 0.91). The abundance of oral microbiota components was obtained by Illumina sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, and metabolite levels were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Streptococcus (22.2%), Veillonella (12.1%), and Haemophilus (10.8%) were the most common bacteria in the WFS patients, while comparisons between groups showed significantly higher abundance of Olsenella, Dialister, Staphylococcus, Campylobacter, and Actinomyces in the WFS group (p < 0.001). An ROC curve (AUC = 0.861) was constructed for the three metabolites that best discriminated WFS from T1DM and controls (acetic acid, benzoic acid, and lactic acid). Selected oral microorganisms and metabolites that distinguish WFS patients from T1DM patients and healthy individuals may suggest their possible role in modulating neurodegeneration and serve as potential biomarkers and indicators of future therapeutic strategies.

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Stewart, Christopher J., Thomas A. Auchtung, Nadim J. Ajami, Kenia Velasquez, Daniel P. Smith, Richard De La Garza, Ramiro Salas et Joseph F. Petrosino. « Effects of tobacco smoke and electronic cigarette vapor exposure on the oral and gut microbiota in humans : a pilot study ». PeerJ 6 (30 avril 2018) : e4693. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4693.

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BackgroundThe use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) has increased drastically over the past five years, primarily as an alternative to smoking tobacco cigarettes. However, the adverse effects of acute and long-term use of ECs on the microbiota have not been explored. In this pilot study, we sought to determine if ECs or tobacco smoking alter the oral and gut microbiota in comparison to non-smoking controls.MethodsWe examined a human cohort consisting of 30 individuals: 10 EC users, 10 tobacco smokers, and 10 controls. We collected cross-sectional fecal, buccal swabs, and saliva samples from each participant. All samples underwent V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsTobacco smoking had a significant effect on the bacterial profiles in all sample types when compared to controls, and in feces and buccal swabs when compared to EC users. The most significant associations were found in the gut, with an increased relative abundance ofPrevotella(P= 0.006) and decreasedBacteroides(P= 0.036) in tobacco smokers. The Shannon diversity was also significantly reduced (P= 0.009) in fecal samples collected from tobacco smokers compared to controls. No significant difference was found in the alpha diversity, beta-diversity or taxonomic relative abundances between EC users and controls.DiscussionFrom a microbial ecology perspective, the current pilot data demonstrate that the use of ECs may represent a safer alternative compared to tobacco smoking. However, validation in larger cohorts and greater understanding of the short and long-term impact of EC use on microbiota composition and function is warranted.

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Harakawa, Kentaro, Shinpei Kawarai, Kirill Kryukov, So Nakagawa, Shigeharu Moriya et Kazuhiko Imakawa. « Buccal Swab Samples from Japanese Brown Cattle Fed with Limonite Reveal Altered Rumen Microbiome ». Animals 14, n^o 13 (3 juillet 2024) : 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14131968.

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The areas of the Mount Aso grasslands in Kumamoto, Japan, are the primary location for the breeding of the Kumamoto strain of Japanese Brown cattle (JBRK). Although Aso limonite, deposited by volcanic ash and magma, has been commonly fed to pregnant JBRK in this area, the mechanisms of its salutary effects on pregnant JBRK have not yet been elucidated. Approximately 100 days before the expected day of calf delivery, seven JBRK (four supplemented with limonite and three controls without limonite) were assigned to this study, from which a buccal swab was collected at the highest rumination every 30 days for 90 days. DNA extracted from these swabs was then analyzed using a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were discovered through beta-diversity analysis, though results from alpha-diversity analysis were inconclusive. The microbiota identified were classified into six clusters, and three of the main clusters were core-rumen bacteria, primarily cellulose digestion in cluster 1, oral bacteria in cluster 2, and non-core-rumen bacteria in cluster 3. In the limonite group, core-rumen bacteria decreased while non-core-rumen bacteria increased, suggesting that limonite feeding alters rumen microbiota, particularly activation of non-core-rumen microbiota.

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Chen, Hongju (Daisy), et Zhanshan (Sam) Ma. « Further Quantifying the Niche-Neutral Continuum of Human Digestive Tract Microbiomes with Near Neutral Model and Stochasticity Analysis ». Evolutionary Bioinformatics 18 (janvier 2022) : 117693432211285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11769343221128540.

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It is postulated that the human digestive tract (DT) from mouth to intestine is differentiated into diverse niches. For example, Segata et al. discovered that the microbiomes of diverse habitats along the DT could be distinguished as 4 types (niches) including (i) stool; (ii) sub-gingival plaques (SubP) and supra-gingival plaques (SupP); (iii) tongue dorsum (TD), throat (TH), palatine tonsils (PT), and saliva (Sal); and (iv) hard palate (HP) and buccal mucosa (BM), and keratinized gingiva (KG). These niches are different not only in composition, but also in metabolic potentials. In a previous study, we applied Harris et al’s multi-site neutral and Tang and Zhou’s niche-neutral hybrid models to characterize the DT niches discovered by Segata et al. Here, we complement the previous study by applying Sloan’s near-neural model and Ning et al’s stochasticity analysis framework to quantify the niche-neutral continuum of the DT microbiome distribution to shed light on the possible ecological/evolutionary mechanism that shapes the continuum. Overall but excluding the stool site, the proportion of neutral OTUs (46%) is slightly higher than that of the positive selection (38%), but significantly higher than negative selection (15%). The gut (stool) exhibited 3 to 12 times lower neutrality than other DT sites. The analysis also cross-verified our previous hypothesis that the KG ( keratinized gingiva) is of distinct assembly dynamics in the DT microbiome, should be treated as a fifth niche. Our findings offer new insight on the long-standing debate concerning whether a minimum of 2-mm of KG width is necessary for marginal periodontal health.

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Johny, Joseph, Anwar Sadiq, Anamika, Sinitha Sreedhar, Ayisha Fida et Ayisha Rishna. « Role of oral microbiome in oral cancer : A review ». Archives of Dental Research 12, n^o 1 (15 juillet 2022) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.adr.2022.001.

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Oral microbiota is among the most assorted in the human body. In excess of 700 species have been distinguished in the mouth, and new sequencing techniques are permitting us to find significantly more species. The life structures of the oral cavity is not the same as that of other body locales. The oral cavity has mucosal surfaces (the tongue, the buccal mucosa, the gingiva, and the palate), hard tissues (the teeth), and exocrine organ tissue (major and minor salivary organs), all of which present novel elements for microbiota organization. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is quite possibly the most well-known danger and is the main source of dismalness and mortality.

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Asbjornsdottir, Birna, Bertrand Lauth, Alessio Fasano, Inga Thorsdottir, Ingibjorg Karlsdottir, Larus S. Gudmundsson, Magnus Gottfredsson et al. « Meals, Microbiota and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents (MMM-Study) : A protocol for an observational longitudinal case-control study ». PLOS ONE 17, n^o 9 (1 septembre 2022) : e0273855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273855.

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Recent studies indicate that the interplay between diet, intestinal microbiota composition, and intestinal permeability can impact mental health. More than 10% of children and adolescents in Iceland suffer from mental disorders, and rates of psychotropics use are very high. The aim of this novel observational longitudinal case-control study, “Meals, Microbiota and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents (MMM-Study)” is to contribute to the promotion of treatment options for children and adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders through identification of patterns that may affect the symptoms. All children and adolescents, 5–15 years referred to the outpatient clinic of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department at The National University Hospital in Reykjavik, Iceland, for one year (n≈150) will be invited to participate. There are two control groups, i.e., sex-matched children from the same postal area (n≈150) and same parent siblings (full siblings) in the same household close in age +/- 3 years (n<150). A three-day food diary, rating scales for mental health, and multiple questionnaires will be completed. Biosamples (fecal-, urine-, saliva-, blood samples, and buccal swab) will be collected and used for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the oral and gut microbiome, measurements of serum factors, quantification of urine metabolites and host genotype, respectively. For longitudinal follow-up, data collection will be repeated after three years in the same groups. Integrative analysis of diet, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, serum metabolites, and mental health will be conducted applying bioinformatics and systems biology approaches. Extensive population-based data of this quality has not been collected before, with collection repeated in three years’ time, contributing to the high scientific value. The MMM-study follows the “Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” (STROBE) guidelines. Approval has been obtained from the Icelandic National Bioethics Committee, and the study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov. The study will contribute to an improved understanding of the links between diet, gut microbiota and mental health in children through good quality study design by collecting information on multiple components, and a longitudinal approach. Furthermore, the study creates knowledge on possibilities for targeted and more personalized dietary and lifestyle interventions in subgroups. Trial registration numbers: VSN-19-225 & NCT04330703.

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He, Y., D. Gong, C. Shi, F. Shao, J. Shi et J. Fei. « Dysbiosis of oral buccal mucosa microbiota in patients with oral lichen planus ». Oral Diseases 23, n^o 5 (31 mars 2017) : 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/odi.12657.

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Cannon, Mark, Ryan Toma, Sri Ganeshan, Emmery de Jesus Alvarez Varela, Momchilo Vuyisich et Guruduth Banavar. « Salivary Transcriptome and Mitochondrial Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Children Compared to Healthy Controls ». NeuroSci 5, n^o 3 (6 août 2024) : 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurosci5030022.

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Autism rates have been reported to be increasing rapidly in industrialized societies. The pathology most often combines neurological symptoms associated with language and social impairments with gastrointestinal symptoms. This study aimed to measure differences in oral metatranscriptome and mitochondrial health between ASD children and neurotypical USA and Colombia (“Blue Zone”) children. In addition, this study aimed to determine whether using prebiotics and probiotics would change the oral microbiome and mitochondrial health of ASD children. Buccal swabs and saliva samples were obtained from 30 autistic individuals (USA) at three intervals: prior to intervention, post-prebiotic, and post-probiotic. In addition, a subject component who were neurotypical, which included individuals from the USA (30) and Colombia (30), had buccal swabbing and salivary sampling performed for metatranscriptomic and mitochondrial comparison. Significant differences were observed in the temporal data, demonstrating shifts that interventions with probiotics and polyols may have precipitated. Particular bacterial strains were significantly more prevalent in the autism group, including a strain that reduced neurotransmitter levels via enzymatic degradation. This supports the hypothesis that the microbiome may influence the occurrence and degree of autism. Verbal skills increased in six of the 30 ASD subjects following xylitol and three more after probiotic supplementation, according to both parental reports and the subjects’ healthcare providers.

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Miranda de Jesus, Dalila, Lilian Lopes Barbosa, Thais Manzano Parisotto, Rogério Lacerda dos Santos, Hugo Lemes Carlo et Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho. « A higiene bucal de bebês edêntulos e sua influência na microbiota bucal : os profissionais de saúde devem preconizá-la ? – revisão crítica ». Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia de Porto Alegre 62, n^o 1 (9 août 2021) : 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2177-0018.101674.

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Introduction: The indication of oral hygiene in edentulous babies is still controversial among health professionals, being necessary the search of this recommendation and the standardization of information. Objective: To investigate critically the evidence related to the indication of oral hygiene for edentulous babies. Methods: The search for articles was performed in the PUBMED, LILACS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases, in order to assess the following question: "Can oral cavity hygiene of edentulous babies influence oral microbiota? A search in 8 books of Pediatric Dentistry was also performed. Results: 317 articles were found (167-PUBMED, 146-GOOGLE SCHOLAR and 4-LILACS). There were no primary studies that evaluated the effect of oral hygiene of edentulous infants on microbiota, which impair the conduction of a systematic review. Thus, it was included for this review six studies that investigated microorganisms in the oral cavity of edentulous infants and the role of salivary immunoglobulins. Among the textbooks evaluated, only 4 indicated the oral hygiene in edentulous infants. Conclusion: According to the data, there are no primary studies that assessed the effect of oral hygiene in the oral microbiota of edentulous babies. It is relevant to conduct clinical studies in order to obtain scientific evidence about the indication or no of the oral hygiene in edentulous babies.

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Guryevskaya, O. A., I. N. Usmanova, I. A. Lakman, M. M. Tuigunov, R. F. Khusnarizanova, I. D. Ushnitsky, J. L. Bortsova et V. O. Senina. « Некоторые особенности состава микробиоты поверхности сетки Уикхема и эрозивно-язвенных элементов у пациентов с красным плоским лишаем слизистой оболочки полости рта ». YAKUT MEDICAL JOURNAL 82, n^o 2 (30 juin 2023) : 13–17. https://doi.org/10.25789/ymj.2023.82.03.

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A comparative study of the microbiota profile of the Wickham mesh surfaces (a typical form of lichen planus (LP) (L43.80) and erosive-ulcerative elements in the erosive-ulcerative form (L43.82) of LP with localization on the buccal mucosa was carried out. In the studied microbiota of the surface of erosive and ulcerative elements, significant differences were revealed from the composition of the microbiota of the surface of the Wickham mesh, which is associated with clinical manifestations of the oral cavity mucous lining (LP OCML). The data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms in the erosive-ulcerative form of LP were significantly different from the typical form of LP, which indicates the need for further studies of the microbiota in other forms of LP OCML. The revealed changes in the composition of the microbiota in the typical form of LP OCML can serve as a potential prognostic criterion for the conditional norm, and in the erosive-ulcerative form, as a criterion indicating the progression and aggravation of the clinical picture. Keywords: lichen planus, typical form, erosive-ulcerative form, Wickham mesh, erosions, ulcers, microbiota, Candida spp.

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Marcos, Ângela Maisa da Silva, Emilly Camilly de Aguiar Barbosa, Gabriela da Silva Paes, Jéssika Vitória Lima da Silva, Maria Eduarda de Moura Silva Albuquerque, Ana Clara Feijó de Alcântara, Francisco Braga da Paz Júnior, Lindeberg Rocha Freitas, Carlos Fernando Rodrigues Guaraná et Eliana Santos Lyra da Paz. « Estudo comparativo da influência de aparelhos ortodônticos fixos e móveis na microbiota bucal ». Research, Society and Development 12, n^o 1 (4 janvier 2023) : e11312139448. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i1.39448.

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Os aparelhos ortodônticos tanto fixos como os móveis são utilizados para o tratamento de maloclusão, correções dentárias, problemas no desenvolvimento dos arcos e no crescimento e para razões estéticas. As terapias realizadas com esses aparatos podem afetar a microbiota oral, o que resulta em uma série de efeitos na saúde bucal. Existe uma grande discrepância quando comparamos os tipos de aparelhos e as suas implicações na microbiota bucal, sendo os aparelhos fixos os que mais afetam, pela dificuldade de higienização que eles proporcionam e pela maior força exercida no periodonto. Esta revisão de literatura objetiva detalhar os efeitos secundários do uso de aparelhos ortodônticos na constituição da comunidade microbiana bucal. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico descritivo do tipo revisão narrativa. Através dos descritores "Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed", "Orthodontics", "Microbiota" e "Periodontal Diseases" fez uma busca nas plataformas digitais BVS, Capes, SciELO e PubMed com o uso dos operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. De um total de 296 artigos, selecionou-se 29 artigos nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol que datam entre 2014 e 2022. Verificou-se que pela dificuldade de higienização que eles proporcionam e pela maior força exercida no periodonto têm-se resultados em mudanças na taxa de crescimento de determinadas especies de bacterias e fungos sendo variável de acordo com o tempo de uso, presença de biofilme, desenvolvimento de cárie e acometimento de doenças periodontais.

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Choi, Dong-Soon, Bong-Kuen Cha, Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann, Si-Young Lee, Beom-Seok Chang, Insan Jang et Jae-Seok Song. « Microbiologic Changes in Subgingival Plaque After Removal of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ». Angle Orthodontist 79, n^o 6 (1 novembre 2009) : 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/111808-593r.1.

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Abstract Objective: To evaluate changes that occur in the subgingival microbiota after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: Thirty orthodontic patients (11 males and 19 females; aged 20 ± 7.3 yr) were included in this study. Subgingival plaque samplings were gathered from the disto-buccal gingival crevice of the left upper central incisors and the left lower central incisors, and from the mesio-buccal gingival crevice of the left upper first molars and the left lower first molars, at two different times: 2 weeks before appliance removal (T1), and 3 months after appliance removal (T2). DNA was extracted from the samples and the 16S rRNA-based PCR detection method was used to determine the prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola, which are considered as putative periodontopathogens. Results: The frequency of positive sites at T1 and T2 was 65% and 43.3% for C. rectus, and 53.3% and 30.8% for E. corrodens, respectively. For the other bacteria, the frequency tended to be reduced between times. Conclusion: Periodontopathogens during orthodontic treatment were significantly reduced within 3 months of appliance removal. However, how long it takes to return to the preorthodontic composition of the subgingival microbiota and whether it happens at all remain to be seen.

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Sohn, K., K. M. Kalanetra, D. A. Mills et M. A. Underwood. « Buccal administration of human colostrum : impact on the oral microbiota of premature infants ». Journal of Perinatology 36, n^o 2 (10 décembre 2015) : 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2015.157.

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Jeon, Julie Heejin, Jeferson M. Lourenco, Madison M. Fagan, Christina B. Welch, Sydney E. Sneed, Stephanie Dubrof, Kylee J. Duberstein, Todd R. Callaway, Franklin D. West et Hea Jin Park. « Changes in Oral Microbial Diversity in a Piglet Model of Traumatic Brain Injury ». Brain Sciences 12, n^o 8 (21 août 2022) : 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081111.

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Dynamic changes in the oral microbiome have gained attention due to their potential diagnostic role in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States, but no studies have examined the changes in oral microbiome during the acute stage of TBI using a clinically translational pig model. Crossbred piglets (4–5 weeks old, male) underwent either a controlled cortical impact (TBI, n = 6) or sham surgery (sham, n = 6). The oral microbiome parameters were quantified from the upper and lower gingiva, both buccal mucosa, and floor of the mouth pre-surgery and 1, 3, and 7 days post-surgery (PS) using the 16S rRNA gene. Faith’s phylogenetic diversity was significantly lower in the TBI piglets at 7 days PS compared to those of sham, and beta diversity at 1, 3, and 7 days PS was significantly different between TBI and sham piglets. However, no significant changes in the taxonomic composition of the oral microbiome were observed following TBI compared to sham. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential diagnostic role of the oral microbiome during the chronic stage of TBI with a larger number of subjects.

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Sotozono, Maki, Nanako Kuriki, Yoko Asahi, Yuichiro Noiri, Mikako Hayashi, Daisuke Motooka, Shota Nakamura, Mikiyo Yamaguchi, Tetsuya Iida et Shigeyuki Ebisu. « Impact of sleep on the microbiome of oral biofilms ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 12 (9 décembre 2021) : e0259850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259850.

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Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome is associated with diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries. Because the bacterial counts in saliva increase markedly during sleep, it is broadly accepted that the mouth should be cleaned before sleep to help prevent these diseases. However, this practice does not consider oral biofilms, including the dental biofilm. This study aimed to investigate sleep-related changes in the microbiome of oral biofilms by using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Two experimental schedules—post-sleep and pre-sleep biofilm collection—were applied to 10 healthy subjects. Subjects had their teeth and oral mucosa professionally cleaned 7 days and 24 h before sample collection. Samples were collected from several locations in the oral cavity: the buccal mucosa, hard palate, tongue dorsum, gingival mucosa, tooth surface, and saliva. Prevotella and Corynebacterium had higher relative abundance on awakening than before sleep in all locations of the oral cavity, whereas fluctuations in Rothia levels differed depending on location. The microbiome in different locations in the oral cavity is affected by sleep, and changes in the microbiome composition depend on characteristics of the surfaces on which oral biofilms form.

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Lukova, O. A., M. I. Zaslavskaya, T. V. Makhrova, V. S. Kropotov et E. V. Kitaeva. « Expression of toll-like and adhesive receptors on epithelial cells of the oral mucosa in periodontitis ». Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 65, n^o 10 (17 septembre 2020) : 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-10-645-648.

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The expression of toll-like and adhesive receptors on epithelial cells of the oral mucosa changes in different pathological conditions, both local and systemic levels, in particular, in chronic periodontitis. The long-term presence of periodontal pathogenic microorganisms in the gingival furrow stimulates and supports the inflammatory process. The interaction of periodontal pathogens with epithelial cells of the oral mucosa is the first stage of the development of periodontitis. The pathological process affects the function of epithelial cells, in particular their ability to interact with representatives of microbiocenosis. Therefore, the natural colonization of normal oral microbiota on buccal epitheliocytes, reflecting the ability of epithelial cells to microbial adhesion, is a sensitive indicator of various destabilizing processes. Determining the level of expression of toll-like TLR2 and TLR4 receptors on epithelial cells also allows us to assess the functional state of cells and the severity of the inflammatory process at the level of the oral mucosa, in particular, in chronic periodontitis. In this paper, we studied the receptor-dependent reactions of buccal epithelial cells in chronic periodontitis using flow cytofluorometry and by determining the level of natural (microbial) colonization. The authors also compared these methods for determining the functional state of mucosal cells in chronic periodontitis. The results showed that in patients with periodontitis, the activity of receptors involved in adhesive reactions with the oral microbiota changed slightly and was little higher than in healthy donors. At the same time, the expression of TLRs on epithelial cells in periodontitis changed significantly. Thus, the percentage of cells expressing TLR2 significantly increased, while TLR4 decreased. Concurrently, the percentage of mucosal cells that do not have TLRs increased significantly in oral pathology. Thus, the study of TLR2 - and TLR4-expression on buccal epithelial cells is a more representative test in assessing the severity of the inflammatory process in chronic periodontitis than determining the level of natural colonization.

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Corrales, Lucia Constanza, Diana Marcela Antolinez Romero, Johanna Azucena Bohórquez Macías et Aura Marcela Corredor Vargas. « Identificación de microbiota bucal en caninos en estado de abandono ». Nova 17, n^o 32 (15 novembre 2019) : 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/24629448.3632.

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Objetivo. Describir la microbiota que se encuentra en la cavidad bucal de caninos en condición de abandono de la Fundación Razas Únicas en el municipio de Chía – Cundinamarca. Métodos. Para el estudio se tomaron 29 muestras orales con escobillón a 23 caninos de la Fundación Razas Únicas del municipio de Chía – Cundinamarca. 23 muestras se recolectaron para identificación de bacterias aerobias y anaerobias facultativas, las cuales se transportaron en medio líquido tripticasa soya y 6 muestras para recuperación de bacterias anaerobias estrictas transportadas en medio VMGA-III. El aislamiento de los microorganismos se realizó en medios selectivos y la identificación con el sistema BD BBL™Crystal™. Resultados. De las 29 muestras analizadas se aislaron 59 bacterias, entre ellas 15 géneros y 15 especies diferentes como; Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis, Eikenella corrodens, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fusobacterium spp y Capnocytophaga spp. De acuerdo con la revisión de la literatura, las bacterias anaerobias encontradas están principalmente relacionadas con enfermedad periodontal y las enterobacterias con contaminación oro-fecal.

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Sobkowiak, Michal, Haleh Davanian, Annelie Tjernlund, Anna Gibbs, Sushrusha Nayak, Edwin Leeansyah, Joana Dias et al. « MAIT cells in the human oral mucosa are activated and perforinlow ». Journal of Immunology 198, n^o 1_Supplement (1 mai 2017) : 149.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.149.8.

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Abstract Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a class of non-classical T lymphocytes defined by their invariant Vα7.2-containing MR1-restricted T cell receptor, as well as high expression of CD161. At present, the characteristics of MAIT cells in the oral mucosa are poorly defined. In this study, we have analyzed buccal biopsies and matched blood samples from a cohort of healthy volunteers. MAIT cells were present in the buccal mucosa, with a tendency to cluster around the basal layer, a region also found to contain a higher frequency of MR1-expressing antigen-presenting cells. The frequency of MAIT cells was similar in the buccal mucosa compared to matched peripheral blood, in contrast to other major T cell subsets. However, the buccal mucosal MAIT cells displayed a tissue resident activated profile, with high CD69, HLA-DR and PD-1 expression, as well as a skewed subset distribution with higher representation of CD4/CD8 double-negative cells and of CD8αα+ cells within the CD8+ subset. The Jα chain usage in the MAIT cell TCR was more variable in oral mucosal MAIT cells than in peripheral blood MAIT cells. Functionally, the oral mucosal MAIT cells had lower perforin levels, indicative of a lower cytolytic potential. Interestingly, aspects of the oral MAIT cell population were associated with life-style factors such as consumption of bacterially fermented milk products and alcohol intake. Together, these data show that MAIT cells form a part of the oral mucosal T cell compartment, where they exhibit a tissue-resident activated profile. Thus, MAIT cells are positioned in the oral cavity and equipped to handle resident microbiota as well as invading pathogens.

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