Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Micro gas turbine, pyrolysis, biomass, microalgae »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Micro gas turbine, pyrolysis, biomass, microalgae"
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Fantozzi, F., B. D'Alessandro et G. Bidini. « IPRP (Integrated-Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant) : Gas turbine and externally heated rotary-kiln pyrolysis as a biomass and waste energy conversion system. Influence of thermodynamic parameters ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A : Journal of Power and Energy 217, no 5 (1 janvier 2003) : 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765003322407566.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sustainability is one of the main goals to achieve in order to guarantee a future for future generations and requires, among other issues, the recourse to renewable energy sources and the minimization of waste production. These two issues are contemporarily achieved when converting waste and residual biomass into energy. This paper presents an innovative concept for energy conversion of the abovementioned residual fuels; it combines a rotary-kiln pyrolyser, where the residual energy sources are converted into a medium lower heating value (LHV) syngas, with a gas turbine that produces energy, and also provides waste heat to maintain the endothermic pyrolysis reaction. Byproducts of the reaction include char and tars that have an interesting energetic content and may also be used to provide supplementary heat to the process. Through software modelling the paper analyses the influence on performance of main thermodynamic parameters, showing the possibilities of reaching an optimum for different working conditions that are characteristic of different sizes of gas turbines. This is interesting both for medium-to-big size power plants, where the IPRP efficiency is comparable to a grate-based incinerator, but at lower investment costs, and in the micro-small scale, for which there is no available technology on the market.
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Cadorin, M., M. Pinelli, A. Vaccari, R. Calabria, F. Chiariello, P. Massoli et E. Bianchi. « Analysis of a Micro Gas Turbine Fed by Natural Gas and Synthesis Gas : MGT Test Bench and Combustor CFD Analysis ». Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 134, no 7 (23 mai 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4005977.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In recent years, the interest in the research on energy production systems fed by biofuels has increased. Gaseous fuels obtained through biomass conversion processes such as gasification, pyrolysis and pyrogasification are generally defined as synthesis gas (syngas). The use of synthesis gas in small-size energy systems, such as those used for distributed micro-cogeneration, has not yet reached a level of technological maturity that could allow a large market diffusion. For this reason, further analyses (both experimental and numerical) have to be carried out to allow these technologies to achieve performance and reliability typical of established technologies based on traditional fuels. In this paper, a numerical analysis of a combustor of a 100-kW micro gas turbine fed by natural gas and biomass-derived synthesis gas is presented. The work has been developed in the framework of a collaboration between the Engineering Department of the University of Ferrara, the Istituto Motori - CNR (Napoli), and Turbec S.p A. of Corporeno di Cento (FE). The main features of the micro gas turbine Turbec T100, located at the Istituto Motori - CNR, are firstly described. A decompression and distribution system allows the feeding of the micro gas turbine with gaseous fuels characterized by different compositions. Moreover, a system of remote monitoring and control together with a data transfer system has been developed in order to set the operative parameters of the machine. The results of the tests performed under different operating conditions are then presented. Subsequently, the paper presents the numerical analysis of a model of the micro gas turbine combustor. The combustor model is validated against manufacturer performance data and experimental data with respect to steady state performance, i.e., average outlet temperature and emission levels. A sensitivity analysis on the model capability to simulate different operating conditions is then performed. The combustor model is used to simulate the combustion of a syngas, composed of different ratios of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water. The results in terms of flame displacement, temperature and emission distribution and values are analyzed and compared to the natural gas simulations. Finally, some simple modifications to the combustion chamber are proposed and simulated both with natural gas and syngas feeding.
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Fonseca, Noyala, Victor Oliveira, Roger Fréty et Emerson Sales. « Thermal and Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Oily Extracts of Microalgae : Production of Biokerosene ». Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200232.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Three different microalgae species, Desmodesmus sp., Nannochloropsis oculata and Halamphora coffeaeformis were grown under controlled conditions. The resulting dry biomass was characterized by TG-DTA (thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis) and extracted with three solvents having different polarities. The extracts gross mass yields varied from 2% using n-hexane to 23% (or 74% when subtracting the volatiles and ashes) when using methanolchloroform whatever the microalgae species. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of all extracts suggested the presence of fatty esters and acids. The extracts were pyrolyzed at 600 °C, using a micro pyrolizer coupled to a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), without and with γ-alumina as catalyst. Hydrocarbons concentrations varied respectively from 92% in the better case to 46% in the worst case. The C9-C15 fraction of these hydrocarbons, potentially useful for biokerosene formulation, was object of detailed analysis. In this fraction, nitrogenous products had concentrations always lower than 0.1%. The main hydrocarbons produced were linear 1-alkenes for thermal pyrolysis whereas for pyrolysis with γ-alumina, linear 1-alkenes and also alkenes isomers and linear alkanes, together with cyclic and aromatic compounds were observed for all microalgae species, but in different proportions. The C9-C15 fraction of pyrolyzed extracts can be considered as precursor for biokerosene or direct “drop in” fuel for kerosene petroleum fraction.
Thèses sur le sujet "Micro gas turbine, pyrolysis, biomass, microalgae"
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RIZZO, ANDREA MARIA. « Biomass pyrolysis for liquid biofuels : production and use ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1001542.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Biomass pyrolysis is an advanced process in which an organic material is rapidly heated in a controlled environment and in the absence of oxygen to produce a liquid intermediate, the bio-oil, composed of hundreds of oxygenated compounds, which can be used directly to generate heat or further upgraded to a fossil-fuel substitute with improved properties, more suitable to be fed into a conventional oil refinery.
This work deals with an experimental investigation in the production and use of biofuels and bioproducts from pyrolysis of several biomass species and alternative feedstock, for distributed energy generation or the production of chemical intermediates (biochemicals).
Within the doctoral studies, a dedicated laboratory reactor was built for this scope and samples of pyrolysis oils have been produced from several biomasses, both lignocellulosic and microalgae, in sufficient amount to assess their properties as a fuel.
Being a relatively novel bioliquid, material compatibility of microalgae bio-oil was addressed. Tests were carried out on selected metallic and elastomeric specimens to gain insight on handling and storage requirements and to compare the aggressiveness of pyrolysis oil from microalgae with the relatively more known pyrolysis oil from lignocellulosic biomasses.
The results from the experimental test campaign, aimed at investigating the possibility of feeding pyrolysis oils to a modified micro gas turbine for power generation, are then presented in the final part of the work.
The chapter “Pyrolysis for fuel, energy and chemicals” illustrates some generalities on the pyrolysis oil as a liquid intermediate, along with a brief state of the art of pyrolysis technologies and frontiers. The industrial perspective of generating energy from pyrolysis oils is also addressed, and examples of current demonstration activities in Europe are presented. A synthetic review of literature on two specialized subjects, microalgae and scrap tires pyrolysis, closes the chapter.
The chapter “Bio-oil production in a pilot test bench” describes the experimental set-up that was used in this thesis for the production and collection of bio-oil samples.
The chapter “Experimental results” discusses the results from production and analysis of pyrolysis oil from several biomass samples in a dedicated laboratory reactor. The yield and properties of the produced pyrolysis oils are presented, discussed and compared one against the other; a large quantity of microalgae from three distinct strains have been converted to pyrolysis oil for the first time in such amount. The chapter also reports the results from laboratory trials aimed at a preliminary assessment of the compatibility of pyrolysis oil from microalgae with 7 commercial specimens of metals and elastomers, commonly used in engineering practice for storage, handling and processing of fuels or organic fluids. Pyrolysis oil from microalgae was compared with pyrolysis oil from pine chips, which is almost commercially available, and for which larger data sets have been generated in the past.
Finally, the results of the test campaign on the micro gas turbine are presented in chapter “Use of bio-oils in a modified micro gas turbine”. The possibility to feed a modified micro gas turbine, previously adapted to biofuels, was evaluated and the unit tested with two distinct pyrolysis oils; the first was of biogenic origin (pine chips), the second was obtained from the pyrolysis of scrap tires. Test results are discussed along with the challenges associated with feeding pyrolysis oils to a stationary engine for distributed power generation.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Micro gas turbine, pyrolysis, biomass, microalgae"
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Yamasaki, Yudai, Yukinori Okada, Kazuki Iijima et Shigehiko Kaneko. « Operation of Micro Gas Turbine System Employing Two Stage Combustion of Biomass Gas ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2009 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59900.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A two-axis, recuperated cycle micro-gas turbine (MGT) system for biomass gas is developed. The rated specifications of the MGT are as follows, pressure ratio of 2.7, turbine inlet temperature of 1120K, and output power of 5kW. The system consists of three components: the MGT power-generating system, control system and mock biomass gas supply system. The original two-stage combustor and H infinity system controller used in this system are discriminative. Since the gaseous fuel converted from biomass has a low heat quantity, the combustor is designed to achieve both high combustion efficiency and low NOx emission for lower calorific fuel. In the combustor, a stable tubular flame combustion of city gas in the first stage supplies burned gas, which has enthalpy and activated radicals, to the second stage and enables stable ignition and combustion of biomass gas and air premixture. In addition, because the gas composition of biomass gas is also affected by the sources, the gasification method, and the gasifying condition, the system controller is required to absorb fuel fluctuation while meeting the demanded output. Hence, the H infinity algorithm is employed as a system controller because of its robustness against disturbances from the unpredictable fuel component fluctuation. Using this MGT system, an operation test was carried out with mock biomass gases. The rotational speed of the power turbine could be kept almost constant with both mock fermentation gas and pyrolysis gas as the second-stage fuel, and NOx emission was 50ppm when load was increased to a rated power of 5kW. When the second-stage fuel composition changed from 100% methane to 50% methane and 50% CO2 at a certain speed, the power turbine speed could also be kept constant. The H infinity controller is compared with the 2-DOF PID controller for secondary fuel concerning the response to varying load. The former shows slightly better performance than the 2-DOF PID controller.
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Laranci, Paolo, Edoardo Bursi et Francesco Fantozzi. « Numerical Analysis of a Microturbine Combustion Chamber Modified for Biomass Derived Syngas ». Dans ASME 2011 Turbo Expo : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45551.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A CFD analysis was carried out to study the performance of a modified combustion chamber of a micro gas turbine with the objective to change its fuelling from natural gas to biomass pyrolysis gas. The micro gas turbine is a component of a pilot IPRP (Integrated Regenerated Pyrolysis Plant), a distributed energy system, based on a rotary kiln reactor for the pyrolysis of biomass. This paper describes the combustion process occurring inside the combustion chamber of the micro gas turbine. In particular, a new, revised kinetic scheme was implemented in the RANS analysis to better reproduce CO oxidation and flue gases temperature, for both methane and pyrolysis gas combustion; further investigation was undertaken on NOx formation mechanisms, which are now modeled through a non-adiabatic PPDF approach, also taking into account the effects of turbulence interaction. CFD simulations for natural gas and pyrolysis gas combustion were performed for two different annular rich-quench-lean combustion chamber configurations, one with the original design for natural gas and one with a modified design optimized for syngas, in order to quantify the advantage of using a dedicated design. Furthermore, through the numerical analysis, the hot spots of the combustor have been identified and monitored the to study the possible effects of material corrosion due to high temperatures.
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Cameretti, Maria Cristina, et Raffaele Tuccillo. « Combustion Analysis in a Micro-Gas Turbine Supplied With Bio-Fuels ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2014 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25560.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The authors examine in this paper the response of a micro gas turbine (MGT) combustor when supplied with gaseous fuels from biomass treatment or solid waste pyrolysis. Actually, a sort of off-design operation is induced by the employment of low calorific value fuels both in the combustor and in the whole micro turbine system. The objective is to optimize the combustor behaviour under the point of view of combustion efficiency and pollutant control. To this aim, several solutions are experienced for a combustor fuelled with low LHV gaseous fuels derived from biomasses or solid waste treatment. An external EGR option is also considered as activated. The combustion development is analyzed by a combined approach based on the partially stirred reactor hypothesis and on the flamelet concept within a CFD simulation workbench.
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Laranci, Paolo, Edoardo Bursi et Francesco Fantozzi. « Numerical Analysis of Biomass-Derived Gaseous Fuels Fired in a RQL Micro Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber : Preliminary Results ». Dans ASME 2011 Turbo Expo : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45807.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The economically sustainable availability of biomass residuals and the growing need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power generation facilities has driven the development of a series of processes that lead to the production of a variety of biomass-derived fuels gaseous fuels, such as syngas, pyrolysis gas, landfill gas and digester gas. These technologies can find an ideal coupling when used for fuelling micro gas turbines, especially for distributed power generation applications, in a range between 50 and 500 kWE. This paper features a report on numerical activity carried out at the University of Perugia on a 80 kWE micro gas turbine annular combustion chamber, featuring RQL technology, that has been numerically modeled in order to verify combustion requirements, principally in terms of air/fuel ratio and lower heating value, simulating mixtures with varying chemical composition. The use of CFD turbulence and combustion modeling, via both Eddy Break-up and non-adiabatic PPDF methods, allows us to evaluate flame temperatures and stability, NOx and unburnt hydrocarbons emissions, under various load conditions, for the different fuel mixtures taken into account.
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D’Alessandro, Bruno, Paolo Laranci, Fabio Testarmata et Francesco Fantozzi. « Experimental and CFD Evaluation of the Part Load Performance of a Micro Gas Turbine Fuelled With CH4-N2 Mixtures ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2012 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69790.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is a strong interest in numerical and experimental research on syngas combustion in GTs however experimental studies require syngas generation which is costly and also provides a variable and dirty fuel gas. To investigate the combustion behaviour and GT performance when fuelled with low LHV syngas, nitrogen diluted natural gas can be considered. To this aim the micro gas turbine (mGT) available at the IPRP (Integrated Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant) pilot facility of the University of Perugia, modified to use biomass pyrolysis gas, was fuelled with a CH4−N2 mixtures at different part load conditions obtained from pipeline (CH4) and cylinders (N2). The aim of the work is to analyze the functioning condition of the mGT which is monitored by a dedicated data acquisition system. Performances are evaluated and discussed showing that nitrogen dilution does not affect significantly efficiency and NOx production while CO emission increase slightly when increasing nitrogen content and this is more evident when decreasing the load. A CFD model of the combustion chamber, which was developed and tuned in previous works by the authors, was also run to reproduce experimental data showing a good agreement and also suggesting flame detachment in the mixing tube when nitrogen is present.
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Cadorin, M., M. Pinelli, A. Vaccari, R. Calabria, F. Chiariello, P. Massoli et E. Bianchi. « Analysis of a Micro Gas Turbine Fed by Natural Gas and Synthesis Gas : Test Bench and Combustor CFD Analysis ». Dans ASME 2011 Turbo Expo : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46090.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In recent years, the interest in the research on energy production systems fed by biofuels is increased. Gaseous fuels obtained through biomass conversion processes such as gasification, pyrolysis and pyrogasification are generally defined as synthesis gas. The use of synthesis gas in small-size energy systems, such as those used for distributed micro-cogeneration, has not yet reached a level of technological maturity that could allow a large market diffusion. For this reason, further analyses (both experimental and numerical) have to be carried out to allow these technologies to achieve performance and reliability typical of established technologies based on traditional fuels. In this paper, an experimental and numerical analysis of a combustor of a 100-kW Micro Gas Turbine fed by synthesis gas is presented. The work has been developed in the framework of a collaboration among the Department of Engineering of the University of Ferrara, the Istituto Motori CNR of Naples, and Turbec SpA of Cento (FE). The main features of the microturbine MGT Turbec T100, located at the Istituto Motori CNR of Naples, are firstly described. A decompression and distribution system allows to feed the MGT with gaseous fuels characterized by different compositions. Moreover, a system of remote monitoring and control together with a data transfer system have been developed in order to set the operative parameters of the machine for the current test. The results of the tests performed under different operating conditions are then presented. Subsequently, the paper presents the numerical analysis of a model of the MGT combustor. The combustor model is validated against manufacturer performance data and experimental data with respect to steady state performance, i.e. average outlet temperature, emission levels, pressure drops. Then, a syngas, composed by different ratios of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water, is simulated and the results analyzed.
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Bartocci, Pietro, Gianni Bidini, Paolo Laranci, Mauro Zampilli, Michele D'Amico et Francesco Fantozzi. « Environmental Impact on the Life Cycle for Turbine Based Biomass CHP Plants ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2018 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76856.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Biomass CHP plants represent a viable option to produce distributed energy in a sustainable way when the overall environmental benefit is appraised on the whole life cycle. CHP plants for bioenergy conversion may consist of a gasification (IGC – Integrated Gasification Cycle) or pyrolysis (IPRP – Integrated Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant) pre-treatment unit, producing a syngas that feeds an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine. The external combustion mode is also an option, where exhaust gases from biomass combustion provide heat to either a traditional steam cycle, an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) or an EFGT (Externally Fired Gas Turbine). This paper focuses specifically on turbines based technologies and provides a LCA comparison of 4 main technologies suitable for the small scale, namely: EFMGT, ORC, IGC and IPRP. The comparison is carried out considering 3 different biomasses, namely a Short Rotation Forestry, an agricultural residue and an agro industrial residue at 2 different scales: micro scale (100 kw) and small scale (1 MW), being higher scales barely sustainable on the life cycle. From data derived from the Literature or experimental campaign (tests at the IPRP and gasification facilities at the University Perugia), LCA analysis were carried out and the different scenarios were compared based on two impact categories: global warming and human health. Input and output of the derived LCI are referred to the functional unit of 1 kWh electric for upstream, core and downstream processes. Results show the contribution of main processes and are discussed comparing scale, technology and feedstock.
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Fantozzi, Francesco, et Umberto Desideri. « Micro Scale Slow-Pyrolysis Rotary Kiln for Syngas and Char Production From Biomass and Waste : Design and Construction of a Reactor Test Bench ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2004 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54186.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Slow pyrolysis of waste and biomass may represent an interesting solution for renewable energy conversion in highly regenerative Gas Turbine (GT) or Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) based power cycles. The combined production of a medium LHV gas to fuel the GT or the ICE and of a high LHV byproduct (tar and/or char) that may contribute to maintain the pyrolysis process, makes pyrolysis highly competitive when compared to gasification. Nevertheless few simulations of such integrated plants are available in literature also because of the lack of general and robust modeling tools for the pyrolysis process. A pilot scale rotary kiln pyrolyzer was built at the University of Perugia to investigate the main benefits and drawbacks of the technology. The pyrolyzer will provide the experimental data that are necessary both to evaluate mass and energy balances, and to support the pyrolysis simulation activity that the authors are carrying out. Namely the test rig will provide, for each given quantity and composition of the biomass or waste in input, the gas, char and tar yields and compositions and the energy provided to maintain the process. This paper describes the main features and operational possibilities of the plant.
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Fantozzi, Francesco, Bruno D’Alessandro et Umberto Desideri. « IPRP : Integrated Pyrolysis Combined Plant — An Efficient and Scalable Concept for Gas Turbine Based Energy Conversion From Biomass and Waste ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38653.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A massive effort towards sustainability is necessary to prevent global warming and energy sources impoverishment: both biomass and waste to energy conversion may represent key actions to reach this goal. At the present State Of the Art (SOA) available technologies for biomass and waste to energy conversion are similar and include low to mid efficiency grate incineration or fluidised bed combustion with steam power cycles or mid to high efficiency Gas Turbine based cycles through integrated gasification technology. Nevertheless these plants are all available from mid-to-high scale range that can be highly intrusive on protected areas and socially unacceptable. This paper proposes an innovative, low cost, high efficiency plant in which the residue is gasified in absence of oxygen (pyrolysis), in a rotary kiln, by means of a highly regenerative gas turbine based cycle. Pyrolysis is preferred to gasification, because the syngas obtained has a higher LHV and produces char or tar as a by-product with an interesting energy content to be re-utilized inside the cycle. Different plant configurations are proposed and discussed through principal thermodynamic variables parametric analysis. Results show that very interesting efficiencies are obtainable in the 30%–40% range, at every scale range therefore presenting an interesting alternative especially to small size (below 5 MW) grate incineration and steam power plant technology. Moreover, the IPRP plant provides a unique solution for micro-scale (below 500 kW) power plants, opening a new and competitive possibility for distributed biomass or waste to energy conversion systems where low environmental and social impact turns into higher interest and positive dissemination effect.
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Chen, Guanyi, Gang Li, Michel P. Glazer, Chunlei Zhang et J. Andries. « Operation of a Circulating Fluidised Bed Biomass Gasifier ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2004 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53659.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Energy generation from the use of biomass is gaining an increasing attention. Gasification of biomass at present, is widely accepted as a popular technical route to produce fuel gas for the application in boilers, engine, gas/micro turbine or fuel cell. Up to now, most of researchers have focused their attentions only on fixed-bed gasification and fluidised bed gasification under air-blown conditions. In that case, the producer gas is contaminated by high tar contents and particles which could lead to the corrosion and wear of blades of turbine. Furthermore, both the technologies, particularly fixed bed gasification, are not flexible for using multiple biomass-fuel types and also not feasible economically and environmentally for large scale application up to 10∼50 MWth. An innovative circulating fluidised bed concept has been considered in our laboratory for biomass gasification thereby overcoming these challenges. The concept combines and integrates partial oxidation, fast pyrolysis (with an instantaneous drying), gasification, and tar cracking, as well as a shift reaction, with the purpose of producing a high quality of gas, in terms of low tar level and particulates carried out in the producer gas, and overall emissions reduction associated with the combustion of producer gas. This paper describes our innovative concept and presents some experimental results. The results indicate that the gas yield can be above 1.80Nm3/kg with the calorific value of 4.5–5.0MJ/Nm3, and the fluctuation of the gas yield during the period of operation is 3.3%–3.5% for the temperature of 750–800 °C. In genera, the results achieved support our concept as a promising alternative for the gasifier coupled with micro/gas turbine to generate electricity.