Articles de revues : « Micro erosion meter »

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Spate, A. P., J. N. Jennings, D. I. Smith et M. A. Greenaway. « The micro-erosion meter : Use and limitations ». Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 10, n^o 5 (septembre 1985) : 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290100504.

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Stephenson, W. J., et B. L. Finlayson. « Measuring erosion with the micro-erosion meter—Contributions to understanding landform evolution ». Earth-Science Reviews 95, n^o 1-2 (juin 2009) : 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.03.006.

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Cullen, Niamh Danielle, Ankit Kumar Verma et Mary Clare Bourke. « A comparison of structure from motion photogrammetry and the traversing micro-erosion meter for measuring erosion on shore platforms ». Earth Surface Dynamics 6, n^o 4 (13 novembre 2018) : 1023–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1023-2018.

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Abstract. For decades researchers have used the micro-erosion meter and its successor the traversing micro-erosion meter to measure micro-scale rates of vertical erosion (downwearing) on shore platforms. Difficulties with “upscaling” of micro-scale field data in order to explain long-term platform evolution have led to calls to introduce other methods which allow for the measurement of platform erosion at different scales. Structure from motion photogrammetry is fast emerging as a reliable, cost-effective tool for geomorphic change detection, providing a valuable means for detecting micro-scale to mesoscale geomorphic change over different terrain types. Here we present the results of an experiment in which we test the efficacy of structure from motion photogrammetry for measuring change on shore platforms due to different erosion processes (sweeping abrasion, scratching, and percussion). Key to this approach is the development of the coordinate reference system used to reference and scale the models, which can be easily deployed in the field. Experiments were carried out on three simulated platform surfaces with low to high relative rugosity to assess the influence of surface roughness. We find that structure from motion photogrammetry can be used to reliably detect micro-scale (sub-millimetre) and mesoscale (cm) erosion on shore platforms with a low rugosity index. As topographic complexity increases, the scale of detection is reduced. We also provide a detailed comparison of the two methods across a range of categories including cost, data collection, analysis, and output. We find that structure from motion offers several advantages over the micro-erosion meter, most notably the ability to detect and measure the erosion of shore platforms at different scales.

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Trenhaile, Alan S., et V. Chris Lakhan. « Transverse micro-erosion meter measurements ; determining minimum sample size ». Geomorphology 134, n^o 3-4 (novembre 2011) : 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.07.018.

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Minh, Nguyen Trung, Doan Dinh Hung, Nguyen Thi Dung, Tran Minh Duc, Nguyen Ba Hung et Cu Sy Thang. « Erosion study of limestone on the Cat Ba islands in north east Vietnam by transverse micro-erosion meter ». Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, n^o 10 (85) (28 février 2017) : 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2017.92168.

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Sanna, Laura, Jo De Waele, José Maria Calaforra et Paolo Forti. « Long-term erosion rate measurements in gypsum caves of Sorbas (SE Spain) by the Micro-Erosion Meter method ». Geomorphology 228 (janvier 2015) : 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.09.009.

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Trenhaile, Alan S., et Neil J. Porter. « Shore platform downwearing in eastern Canada ; A 9–14 year micro-erosion meter record ». Geomorphology 311 (juin 2018) : 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.03.024.

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Stephenson, W. J., R. M. Kirk et M. A. Hemmingsen. « Forty three years of micro-erosion meter monitoring of erosion rates on shore platforms at Kaikōura Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand ». Geomorphology 344 (novembre 2019) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.07.012.

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Stephenson, Wayne J., et Robert M. Kirk. « Measuring erosion rates using the micro-erosion meter : 20 years of data from shore platforms, Kaikoura Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand ». Marine Geology 131, n^o 3-4 (mai 1996) : 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(96)00008-4.

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Drysdale, Russell, et David Gillieson. « Micro-erosion meter measurements of travertine deposition rates : a case study from Louie Creek, Northwest Queensland, Australia ». Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22, n^o 11 (novembre 1997) : 1037–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199711)22:11<1037 ::aid-esp800>3.0.co;2-x.

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Muhammad, Ros Fatihah, et Ee Beng Yeap. « Estimating limestone dissolution rates in the Kinta and Lenggong valleys using the micro erosion meter : a preliminary study ». Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 45 (1 mai 2002) : 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm45200238.

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Stephenson, W. J. « Shore platforms : a neglected coastal feature ? » Progress in Physical Geography : Earth and Environment 24, n^o 3 (septembre 2000) : 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913330002400301.

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This review identifies four themes in shore platform research: 1) the role of marine and subaerial processes in platform development; 2) morphology of shore platforms; 3) modelling platform development; and 4) measuring rates of erosion. The view that shore platforms have a wave-cut origin has dominated the literature in the last 20 years. It is argued that this wave-cut origin remains to be convincingly demonstrated. Attempts to link platform morphology with the process environment have proven difficult but a recent demarcation between platform morphologies based on wave erosion and rock resistance offers an interesting and new way to consider platform morphology. Attempts to model platform development have been handicapped by a lack of data and a clear understanding of development processes. All models are based on the premise that platforms have a wave-cut origin, yet this has not been adequately demonstrated. There are a number of contradictions between models that require resolution. Erosion rates have been measured using the micro-erosion meter, but these studies are restricted both temporally and spatially. The contribution of microscale erosion relative to other forms and scales remains unknown. A number of issues are raised and suggested as being suitable questions for future research. It is proposed that real advances in understanding shore platforms will be aided by collaborative work between researchers from a number of morphogenetic environments.

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Moses, Cherith, David Robinson, Miklos Kazmer et Rendel Williams. « Towards an improved understanding of erosion rates and tidal notch development on limestone coasts in the Tropics : 10 years of micro-erosion meter measurements, Phang Nga Bay, Thailand ». Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 40, n^o 6 (26 décembre 2014) : 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3683.

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García Moreno, R., M. C. Díaz Álvarez, A. M. Tarquis, A. Paz González et A. Saa Requejo. « Shadow analysis of soil surface roughness compared to the chain set method and direct measurement of micro-relief ». Biogeosciences Discussions 7, n^o 1 (10 février 2010) : 1021–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-1021-2010.

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Abstract. Soil surface roughness (SSR) is an excellent indicator of soil susceptibility to wind and water erosion and plays an important role in the development and the maintenance of soil biota. Several methods have been developed to characterise SSR based on different methods of acquiring data. Because the main problems related to these methods involve the use and handling of equipment in the field, the present study aims to fill the need for a method for measuring SSR that is more reliable, low-cost and convenient in the field than traditional field methods. Shadow analysis, which interprets micro-topographic shadows, is based on the principle that there is a direct relationship between the soil surface roughness and the shadows cast by soil structures under fixed sunlight conditions. SSR was calculated with shadows analysis in the laboratory using hemispheres of different diameter with a diverse distribution of known altitudes and a surface area of 1 m2. Data obtained from the shadow analysis were compared to data obtained with the chain method and simulation of the micro-relief. The results show a relationship among the SSR calculated using the different methods. To further improve the method, shadow analysis was used to measure the SSR in a sandy clay loam field using different tillage tools (chisel, tiller and roller) and in a control of 4 m2 surface plots divided into subplots of 1 m2. The measurements were compared to the data obtained using the chain set and pin meter methods. The SSR measured was the highest when the chisel was used, followed by the tiller and the roller, and finally the control, for each of the three methods. Shadow analysis is shown to be a reliable method that does not disturb the measured surface, is easy to handle and analyse, and shortens the time involved in field operations by a factor ranging from 4 to 20 compared to well known techniques such as the chain set and pin meter methods.

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García Moreno, R., M. C. Díaz Álvarez, A. M. Tarquis, A. Paz González et A. Saa Requejo. « Shadow analysis of soil surface roughness compared to the chain set method and direct measurement of micro-relief ». Biogeosciences 7, n^o 8 (18 août 2010) : 2477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2477-2010.

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Abstract. Soil surface roughness (SSR) expresses soil susceptibility to wind and water erosion and plays an important role in the development and the maintenance of soil biota. Several methods have been developed to characterise SSR based on different methods of acquiring data. Because the main problems related to these methods involve the use and handling of equipment in the field, the present study aims to fill the need for a method for measuring SSR that is more reliable, low-cost and convenient in the field than traditional field methods. Shadow analysis, which interprets micro-topographic shadows, is based on the principle that there is a direct relationship between the soil surface roughness and the shadows cast by soil structures under fixed sunlight conditions. SSR was calculated with shadows analysis in the laboratory using hemispheres of different diameter with a diverse distribution of known altitudes and a surface area of 1 m2. Data obtained from the shadow analysis were compared to data obtained with the chain method and simulation of the micro-relief. The results show a relationship among the SSR calculated using the different methods. To further improve the method, shadow analysis was used to measure the SSR in a sandy clay loam field using different tillage tools (chisel, tiller and roller) and in a control of 4 m2 surface plots divided into subplots of 1 m2. The measurements were compared to the data obtained using the chain set and pin meter methods. The SSR measured was the highest when the chisel was used, followed by the tiller and the roller, and finally the control, for each of the three methods. Shadow analysis is shown to be a reliable method that does not disturb the measured surface, is easy to handle and analyse, and shortens the time involved in field operations by a factor ranging from 4 to 20 compared to well known techniques such as the chain set and pin meter methods.

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Trenhaile, Alan S., Neil J. Porter et Jacob I. Kanyaya. « Shore Platform Processes in Eastern Canada ». Géographie physique et Quaternaire 60, n^o 1 (19 septembre 2007) : 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016362ar.

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Abstract This research is conducted on a mesotidal, argillite shore platform at Mont Louis in Gaspé, Québec, and on macrotidal platforms in the basalts of Scots Bay and the sandstones of Burncoat Head in Nova Scotia. Rock samples have been subjected to wetting and drying and to salt weathering cycles. The platforms were surveyed; rock hardness was determined with a Rock Test Hammer; waves were recorded in the field; and downwearing rates were measured at 56 micro-erosion meter stations over 1 to 3 years. Weathering is the dominant process at Mont Louis, although the horizontal platform may have been cut by waves at the high tidal level. Wave backwearing was much more important than downwearing by weathering during the Holocene at Scots Bay. Wave quarrying only occurs on a few scarps today, however, and without much abrasive material, slow downwearing now dominates over most of the platform surface. Waves probably help to remove loosened sand grains at Burncoat Head, thereby contributing to platform downwearing. Abrasion is also important in places, but the data suggest that backwearing by wave quarrying and probably frost has been a little more important than downwearing by abrasion and weathering during the Holocene.

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Li, Yaohuang. « Namtso Ancient Lagoon and Ancient Sea Erosion Landform ». E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020) : 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020601015.

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During a certain geological period, the sea surface is at the current elevation of about 4746-4755 meters. When the sea surface is about 4746-4755 meters above sea level, the Namtso region of Tibet is a lagoon in the sea. The sea surface was kept stable at the above location for a long time, and a lot of sea erosion landforms were generated on the coast. The ancient sea erosion caves, sea erosion pillars, sea erosion arch bridges, sea erosion headlands, sea erosion headlands, sea erosion cliffs, sea erosion platforms and other various ancient sea erosion micro-landforms are well preserved on the banks of Namtso Lake. It is a unique and natural ancient coastal landscape park in the world

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Li, Yang, Shuting Yang et Shuying Yang. « Verteporfin Inhibits the Progression of Spontaneous Osteosarcoma Caused by Trp53 and Rb1 Deficiency in Ctsk-Expressing Cells via Impeding Hippo Pathway ». Cells 11, n^o 8 (16 avril 2022) : 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11081361.

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Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and adolescents. Others and our previous studies have shown that Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) as core components of the Hippo pathway are crucial regulators of osteosarcoma formation and progression. Recent studies demonstrated that verteporfin (VP) is an inhibitor of YAP/TAZ signaling in xenograft osteosarcoma. However, whether VP can inhibit primary osteosarcoma in mice is unknown. Mutations of Trp53 and Rb1 occur in approximately 50~70% of human osteosarcoma. In this study, we successfully generated the Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice in which Trp53/Rb1 was ablated in Ctsk-expressing cells and found that Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice spontaneously developed osteosarcoma with increased expansive osteoid lesions in the cortical bone with aging. Loss of Trp53/Rb1 in Ctsk-expressing cells significantly promoted the expression and nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ. Micro-CT results showed that inhibition of YAP/TAZ by VP delays osteosarcoma progression and protected against bone erosion in Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice. Importantly, the Kaplan–Meier survival curves displayed a significantly longer survival rate after VP treatment in Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice compared to non-injected groups. In vitro studies further showed that VP inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion in Trp53/Rb1-mutant Ctsk-expressing cells. Moreover, the results from promoter luciferase activity analysis showed that the transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ was significantly increased in osteosarcoma tissue from Ctsk-Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice, which was attenuated by VP treatment. Overall, these findings suggest that targeting Hippo pathway by VP may be a potential therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.

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Lunina, O. V., A. A. Gladkov et I. A. Denisenko. « Signatures of Creep in the Zunduk Fault Damage Zone on the Northwestern Coast of Lake Baikal ». Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 35 (2021) : 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.35.57.

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The results of a high-resolution aerial survey at selected areas in the Zunduk fault damage zone trending northeast along the coastline of the Maloe sea of Lake Baikal from Cape Yadyrtuj are presented. The research was carried out within the framework of the problem of studying the seismotectonics of the shores of Lake Baikal to map the youngest surface ruptures. Based on the images obtained using DJI «Phantom 4 Pro V 2.0» unmanned aerial systems (UAS), we generated orthomosaics and digital terrain models, interpretation of which allowed us to reveal recent ruptures in alluvial fans. The largest number of them is concentrated on the Oto-Khushun Cape, where the development of disturbances as feathering structures occurs at the intersection of the Zunduk fault trending NE–SW and a proposed fault trending NNW–SSE in the water area of Lake Baikal. It explains the block structure of the rupture network in the southwestern part of the cape. Ground penetrating radar profiling showed that the surface ruptures penetrate to a depth of at least several meters. Since the last rupturing earthquake in the Zunduk fault zone is supposed to have occurred 12000–14000 years ago, the ruptures mapped in recent sediments are the result of creep events. The mechanism of their formation is associated with the periodic effect of weak seismic loads on the granular medium, as a result of which micro-slip and subsequent growth of ruptures occur. Taking into account the high rates of erosion and sedimentation within the mountain alluvial fan, as well as the persistence of disturbances in recent sediments, it can be assumed that this process is relatively constant. Identification of such brittle deformations and monitoring of their development in river deltas and outflow cones of watercourses will make it possible to predict possible places of the collapse of the coastal areas of Lake Baikal during moderate and strong earthquakes, as well as to study the dynamics of coastal development – an important component of the abiotic part of the lake ecosystem

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Neves, Mário, Ana Ramos Pereira, Manuela Laranjeira et Jorge Trindade. « Desenvolvimento de um microerosómetro do tipo TMEM para aplicação em plataformas rochosas litorais ». Finisterra 36, n^o 71 (13 décembre 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.18055/finis1649.

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DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A TRAVERSING MICRO-EROSION METER FOR SHORE PLATFORMS – The study of the shore platforms specific environmental conditions requires accurate equipment to measure erosion rates. In this paper, the construction details of a Traversing Micro-Erosion Meter (TMEM) is described. This TMEM adds some improvements to previous devices that aim to increase the data set collected, both in quality and in quantity. The installation and measurement procedures are described, as well as the advantages and limitations of this equipment. An experimental survey was carried out within the tidal range of the limestone shore platform of Tombadoiros, in a sector of the Portuguese western coast. For a 96 days period in the autumn/winter of 2000/2001, the mean rate of erosion at the site was 0,153mm/year. However, this result includes disturbances associated with the settlement of the black lichen Verrucaria maura in 58 % of the measuring points. It was found that the mean rate of erosion in the clean rock surface was 2,5 higher when compared to the area colonized by the lichen.

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Preti, Federico, Paolo Tarolli, Andrea Dani, Simone Calligaro et Massimo Prosdocimi. « LiDAR derived high resolution topography : the next challenge for the analysis of terraces stability and vineyard soil erosion ». Journal of Agricultural Engineering 44, n^o 2s (8 septembre 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2013.258.

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The soil erosion in the vineyards is a critical issue that could affect their productivity, but also, when the cultivation is organized in terraces, increase the risk due to derived slope failure processes. If terraces are not correctly designed or maintained, a progressively increasing of gully erosion affects the structure of the walls. The results of this process is the increasing of connectivity and runoff. In order to overcome such issues it is really important to recognize in detail all the surface drainage paths, thus providing a basis upon which develop a suitable drainage system or provide structural measures for the soil erosion risk mitigation. In the last few years, the airborne LiDAR technology led to a dramatic increase in terrain information. Airborne LiDAR and Terrestrial Laser Scanner derived high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) have opened avenues for hydrologic and geomorphologic studies (Tarolli et al., 2009). In general, all the main surface process signatures are correctly recognized using a DTM with cell sizes of 1 m. However sub-meter grid sizes may be more suitable in those situations where the analysis of micro topography related to micro changes is critical for slope failures risk assessment or for the design of detailed drainage flow paths. The Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) has been proven to be an useful tool for such detailed field survey. In this work, we test the effectiveness of high resolution topography derived by airborne LiDAR and TLS for the recognition of areas subject to soil erosion risk in a typical terraced vineyard landscape of “Chianti Classico” (Tuscany, Italy). The algorithm proposed by Tarolli et al. (2013), for the automatic recognition of anthropic feature induced flow direction changes, has been tested. The results underline the effectiveness of LiDAR and TLS data in the analysis of soil erosion signatures in vineyards, and indicate the high resolution topography as a useful tool to improve the land use management of such areas. The stability conditions have been analyzed under the influence of the measured geometry alterations of the wall structure.

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Trudgill, Stephen T., Andrew S. Goudie et Heather A. Viles. « Weathering processes and forms ». Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 8 mars 2022, M58–2022–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m58-2022-2.

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AbstractThis chapter considers the various processes of rock weathering, starting with physical weathering processes (frost, wetting and drying, heating and cooling or insolation weathering, and salt weathering (haloclasty)). It then turns to a consideration of chemical weathering processes and to the remarkable increase of interest in biological (organic) processes. This is followed by a discussion of rates of weathering and the techniques that have been developed to study them, including the analysis of sediment loads and the measurement of surface changes with instruments like the micro-erosion meter. The global carbon cycle and the links between geomorphology and soils are also considered. Progress in the study of weathering forms such as alveoli, pits and tafoni is described. There is also a discussion of materials deposited as a consequence of chemical weathering, such as various types of duricrust. Finally, weathering hazards are addressed together with an assessment of the ways in which humans have accelerated some weathering processes.

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Soewandita, Hasmana, et Nana Sudiana. « APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI BIOENGINEERING JEBAKAN SEDIMEN DI SUB DAS CITANDUY HULU ». Jurnal Air Indonesia 5, n^o 1 (1 février 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jai.v5i1.2432.

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Citanduy watershed has been classified as a critical watershed in West Java. Sedimentation load at Citanduy watershed reach 5 milion cubic meters/years. It is indicated that lagoon area “Segara Anakan” was decreased about 823 hectars. Land use changes for cultivation area at Citanduy upland causes acceleration land degradation. Various efforts of the civil engineering and vegetative approach have been applied to control erosion and sedimentation. Alternative technology for controlling soil erosion and sedimentation is the application of sediment trap bioengineering. It is application on micro catchment area, environment-friendly, and easily adapted for the farmers community. The main for material of bioengineering sediment trap is made of Bamboo. Results of design that is applied in the critical area at Bukit Bitung up land (Citaduy upland) Kecamatan Tambaksari, Ciamis Region, measuring the width between 100 cm to 150 cm, whereas the height are between 80 cm to 100 cm. The application of this technology is effective sediment traps for micro catcment area of 5 hectars. Therefore for a broad cachment area more sediment traps are required. In a period of not more than 1.5 month, the sediment trap has been able to capture sediments up to 1 m3 per unit. The performance of sediment traps bioengineering also shown that bamboo as main components has grown up to not more than 30 days. The trapped sediments were restored back to the land for agricultural purposes after being add by agricultural waste. Sediments that have been processed at the same time also functions as soil amelioration or soil improvement. Key words : degradasi lahan, jebakan sedimen, bioengineering, sedimentasi, ameliorasi

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Strzelecki, Mateusz C., Filip Duszyński, Sebastian Tyszkowski et Łukasz Zbucki. « Limestone Sea Stacks (Rauks) Record Past Sea Levels and Rocky Coast Evolution in the Baltic Sea (Gotland and Fårö Islands, Sweden) ». Frontiers in Earth Science 10 (16 juin 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.895419.

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In this article, we explore the potential for sea-level change and rocky coastal evolution reconstruction hidden in one of the most intriguing rocky coastal landforms in the Baltic Sea region—rauks. Those unique limestone sea stacks are preserved along the coasts of a number of Swedish islands, with Gotland and Fårö as primary locations. We contributed to the long-standing debate on their origin and attempted to investigate the modern geomorphological processes operating on rauks using novel approaches in rock coast studies, including Schmidt hammer rock tests (SHRT)—to characterize zonation in the degree of coastal landforms weathering; traversing micro-erosion meters (TMEM)—to calculate shore platform downwearing rates; and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to monitor coastal abrasion and detect sea-level markers (notches) and describe their size and shapes. Our study shows the dominance of mesoscale changes in the shore platform morphology (erosion scars, spalling, and block erosion) over the microscale downwearing carried out by abrasion. We argue that the preservation of rauks along the modern coast of Baltic islands is a result of a favorable sequence of events including the rapid land uplift and their lithological resistance, significantly higher than observed on surrounding platforms and cliffs formed in different types of limestone. Our findings prove that the microrelief of rauks in the form of well-preserved notches records the sea-level changes from at least the late Ancylus Lake period. Finally, we incorporate the results of our observations into the classic notions of rauk formation and highlight the effect of cutting off sea stacks from the operation of littoral processes as a consequence of land uplift and dominance of subaerial weathering over the wave action.

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