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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « MGEs »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 12 avril 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "MGEs"

Gao, Crystal, Zheng Jie Lim, Brendan Freestone, Kristy Austin et Rob McManus. « Use of a Novel Electronic Patient Care Record System at Mass Gathering Events by St. John Ambulance Victoria ». Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (mai 2019) : s88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001845.

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Introduction:The growing number of mass gathering events (MGEs) in Victoria has seen an increase in demand for event health services and the need for real-time reporting of medical incidents at these events.Aim:Since 2016, St. John Ambulance Victoria has introduced an electronic patient care record (ePCR) system with the aim of improving patient care and satisfaction. It appears that this ePCR system is the first of its kind to be trialed at MGEs by a volunteer organization.Methods:A qualitative study was conducted to determine strengths and limitations of the ePCR system by compiling results of surveys and interviews and through anonymous feedback from volunteers and patrons (event organizers, patients). This study is ongoing.Results:It was found that the use of ePCR: 1.Allowed for collection of relevant data to assist in future planning of MGEs2.Aids the overall coordination of first aid delivery at MGEs -faster relaying of patient information to event commanders-reduction of paperwork-improved ability to locate first aid crews using GPS tracking3.Received positive feedback from first aiders, event organizers, and patrons4.Was deemed easy-to-use (4/5), acceptable (4.3/5), and helpful (4.1/5) by our membersDiscussion:These experiences demonstrate that ePCR is well-received, easy to use, and leads to improved patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes at MGEs. Furthermore, the ability to collect and analyze real-time data such as GPS location tracking, incidence heat maps, and patient demographics facilitate future event planning and resource allocation at MGEs. It is acknowledged that this study is preliminary, and the trialed use of an ePCR system has been limited to metropolitan areas and MGEs with <1 million patrons. The intent is to continue this study and explore the use of ePCRs at larger MGEs and events in rural or regional areas.

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Johansson, Markus H. K., Frank M. Aarestrup et Thomas N. Petersen. « Importance of mobile genetic elements for dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in metagenomic sewage samples across the world ». PLOS ONE 18, n^o 10 (19 octobre 2023) : e0293169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293169.

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We are facing an ever-growing threat from increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria. To mitigate this, we need a better understanding of the global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs are often spread among bacteria by horizontal gene transfer facilitated by mobile genetic elements (MGE). Here we use a dataset consisting of 677 metagenomic sequenced sewage samples from 97 countries or regions to study how MGEs are geographically distributed and how they disseminate ARGs worldwide. The ARGs, MGEs, and bacterial abundance were calculated by reference-based read mapping. We found systematic differences in the abundance of MGEs and ARGs, where some elements were prevalent on all continents while others had higher abundance in separate geographic areas. Different MGEs tended to be localized to temperate or tropical climate zones, while different ARGs tended to separate according to continents. This suggests that the climate is an important factor influencing the local flora of MGEs. MGEs were also found to be more geographically confined than ARGs. We identified several integrated MGEs whose abundance correlated with the abundance of ARGs and bacterial genera, indicating the ability to mobilize and disseminate these genes. Some MGEs seemed to be more able to mobilize ARGs and spread to more bacterial species. The host ranges of MGEs seemed to differ between elements, where most were associated with bacteria of the same family. We believe that our method could be used to investigate the population dynamics of MGEs in complex bacterial populations.

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Sáenz, Airo, Schulze-Makuch, Schloter et Vestergaard. « Functional Traits Co-Occurring with Mobile Genetic Elements in the Microbiome of the Atacama Desert ». Diversity 11, n^o 11 (31 octobre 2019) : 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11110205.

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Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) play an essential role in bacterial adaptation and evolution. These elements are enriched within bacterial communities from extreme environments. However, very little is known if specific genes co-occur with MGEs in extreme environments and, if so, what their function is. We used shotgun-sequencing to analyse the metagenomes of 12 soil samples and characterized the composition of MGEs and the genes co-occurring with them. The samples ranged from less arid coastal sites to the inland hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, as well as from sediments below boulders, protected from UV-irradiation. MGEs were enriched at the hyperarid sites compared with sediments from below boulders and less arid sites. MGEs were mostly co-occurring with genes belonging to the Cluster Orthologous Group (COG) categories “replication, recombination and repair,” “transcription” and “signal transduction mechanisms.” In general, genes coding for transcriptional regulators and histidine kinases were the most abundant genes proximal to MGEs. Genes involved in energy production were significantly enriched close to MGEs at the hyperarid sites. For example, dehydrogenases, reductases, hydrolases and chlorite dismutase and other enzymes linked to nitrogen metabolism such as nitrite- and nitro-reductase. Stress response genes, including genes involved in antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance genes, were rarely found near MGEs. The present study suggests that MGEs could play an essential role in the adaptation of the soil microbiome in hyperarid desert soils by the modulation of housekeeping genes such as those involved in energy production.

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Guillén-Chable, Francisco, Johnny Omar Valdez Iuit, Luis Alejandro Avila Castro, Carlos Rosas, Enrique Merino, Zuemy Rodríguez-Escamilla et Mario Alberto Martínez-Núñez. « Geographical distribution of mobile genetic elements in microbial communities along the Yucatan coast ». PLOS ONE 19, n^o 4 (29 avril 2024) : e0301642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301642.

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a well-documented strategy used by bacteria to enhance their adaptability to challenging environmental conditions. Through HGT, a group of conserved genetic elements known as mobile genetic elements (MGEs) is disseminated within bacterial communities. MGEs offer numerous advantages to the host, increasing its fitness by acquiring new functions that help bacteria contend with adverse conditions, including exposure to heavy metal and antibiotics. This study explores MGEs within microbial communities along the Yucatan coast using a metatranscriptomics approach. Prior to this research, nothing was known about the coastal Yucatan’s microbial environmental mobilome and HGT processes between these bacterial communities. This study reveals a positive correlation between MGEs and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) along the Yucatan coast, with higher MGEs abundance in more contaminated sites. The Proteobacteria and Firmicutes groups exhibited the highest number of MGEs. It’s important to highlight that the most abundant classes of MGEs might not be the ones most strongly linked to ARGs, as observed for the recombination/repair class. This work presents the first geographical distribution of the environmental mobilome in Yucatan Peninsula mangroves.

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Newell, Alaina M., Jessie M. VanSwearingen, Elizabeth Hile et Jennifer S. Brach. « The Modified Gait Efficacy Scale : Establishing the Psychometric Properties in Older Adults ». Physical Therapy 92, n^o 2 (1 février 2012) : 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110053.

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BackgroundPerceived ability or confidence plays an important role in determining function and behavior. The modified Gait Efficacy Scale (mGES) is a 10-item self-report measure used to assess walking confidence under challenging everyday circumstances.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the reliability, internal consistency, and validity of the mGES as a measure of gait in older adults.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.MethodsParticipants were 102 community-dwelling older adults (mean [±SD] age=78.6±6.1 years) who were independent in ambulation with or without an assistive device. Participants were assessed using the mGES and measures of confidence and fear, measures of function and disability, and performance-based measures of mobility. In a subsample (n=26), the mGES was administered twice within a 1-month period to establish test-retest reliability through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [2,1]). The standard error of measure (SEM) was determined from the ICC and standard deviation. The Cronbach α value was calculated to determine internal consistency. To establish the validity of the mGES, the Spearman rank order correlation coefficient was used to examine the association with measures of confidence, fear, gait, and physical function and disability.ResultsThe mGES demonstrated test-retest reliability within the 1-month period (ICC=.93, 95% confidence interval=.85, .97). The SEM of the mGES was 5.23. The mGES was internally consistent across the 10 items (Cronbach α=.94). The mGES was related to measures of confidence and fear (r=.54–.88), function and disability (Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument, r=.32–.88), and performance-based mobility (r=.38–.64).LimitationsThis study examined only community-dwelling older adults. The results, therefore, should not be generalized to other patient populations.ConclusionThe mGES is a reliable and valid measure of confidence in walking among community-dwelling older adults.

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Rocha, Eduardo P. C., et David Bikard. « Microbial defenses against mobile genetic elements and viruses : Who defends whom from what ? » PLOS Biology 20, n^o 1 (13 janvier 2022) : e3001514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001514.

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Prokaryotes have numerous mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that mediate horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between cells. These elements can be costly, even deadly, and cells use numerous defense systems to filter, control, or inactivate them. Recent studies have shown that prophages, conjugative elements, their parasites (phage satellites and mobilizable elements), and other poorly described MGEs encode defense systems homologous to those of bacteria. These constitute a significant fraction of the repertoire of cellular defense genes. As components of MGEs, these defense systems have presumably evolved to provide them, not the cell, adaptive functions. While the interests of the host and MGEs are aligned when they face a common threat such as an infection by a virulent phage, defensive functions carried by MGEs might also play more selfish roles to fend off other antagonistic MGEs or to ensure their maintenance in the cell. MGEs are eventually lost from the surviving host genomes by mutational processes and their defense systems can be co-opted when they provide an advantage to the cell. The abundance of defense systems in MGEs thus sheds new light on the role, effect, and fate of the so-called “cellular defense systems,” whereby they are not only merely microbial defensive weapons in a 2-partner arms race, but also tools of intragenomic conflict between multiple genetic elements with divergent interests that shape cell fate and gene flow at the population level.

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Patil, Pooja D., Ana Clara Melo, Brian M. Westwood, E. Ann Tallant et Patricia E. Gallagher. « A Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Muscadine Grapes Prevents Hypertension-Induced Diastolic Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress ». Antioxidants 11, n^o 10 (14 octobre 2022) : 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102026.

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Muscadine grapes are abundant in dietary polyphenols, but their effect on hypertension-induced cardiac damage is limited. This study assessed whether a muscadine grape skin/seed extract supplement (MGES) prevents hypertension-induced cardiac damage and oxidative stress. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated for four weeks with drinking water, angiotensin II (Ang II) to induce hypertension, MGES, or both Ang II and MGES. Cardiac function assessed by echocardiography showed that Ang II increased systolic blood pressure while MGES alone or in combination with Ang II had no effect. Ang II increased E/e′, an indicator of left ventricular filling pressure and diastolic dysfunction, by 41% compared to Control and co-treatment with MGES prevented the Ang II-mediated increase, suggesting that the extract attenuated hypertension-induced diastolic function. Ang II infusion increased urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and cardiac 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde, which were prevented by the extract. The antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase 1 activity and mRNA were increased significantly in animals treated with MGES alone or in combination with Ang II, suggesting that the extract upregulates oxidative stress defense mechanisms in cardiac tissue. Thus, MGES may serve as a medical food to protect the heart from hypertension-induced diastolic dysfunction caused in part by excessive reactive oxygen species production.

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Kwun, Min Jung, Marco R. Oggioni, Stephen D. Bentley, Christophe Fraser et Nicholas J. Croucher. « Synergistic Activity of Mobile Genetic Element Defences in Streptococcus pneumoniae ». Genes 10, n^o 9 (13 septembre 2019) : 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10090707.

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A diverse set of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) transmit between Streptococcus pneumoniae cells, but many isolates remain uninfected. The best-characterised defences against horizontal transmission of MGEs are restriction-modification systems (RMSs), of which there are two phase-variable examples in S. pneumoniae. Additionally, the transformation machinery has been proposed to limit vertical transmission of chromosomally integrated MGEs. This work describes how these mechanisms can act in concert. Experimental data demonstrate RMS phase variation occurs at a sub-maximal rate. Simulations suggest this may be optimal if MGEs are sometimes vertically inherited, as it reduces the probability that an infected cell will switch between RMS variants while the MGE is invading the population, and thereby undermine the restriction barrier. Such vertically inherited MGEs can be deleted by transformation. The lack of between-strain transformation hotspots at known prophage att sites suggests transformation cannot remove an MGE from a strain in which it is fixed. However, simulations confirmed that transformation was nevertheless effective at preventing the spread of MGEs into a previously uninfected cell population, if a recombination barrier existed between co-colonising strains. Further simulations combining these effects of phase variable RMSs and transformation found they synergistically inhibited MGEs spreading, through limiting both vertical and horizontal transmission.

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Rodríguez-Beltrán, Jerónimo, Vidar Sørum, Macarena Toll-Riera, Carmen de la Vega, Rafael Peña-Miller et Álvaro San Millán. « Genetic dominance governs the evolution and spread of mobile genetic elements in bacteria ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n^o 27 (22 juin 2020) : 15755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001240117.

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Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, promote bacterial evolution through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). However, the rules governing the repertoire of traits encoded on MGEs remain unclear. In this study, we uncovered the central role of genetic dominance shaping genetic cargo in MGEs, using antibiotic resistance as a model system. MGEs are typically present in more than one copy per host bacterium, and as a consequence, genetic dominance favors the fixation of dominant mutations over recessive ones. In addition, genetic dominance also determines the phenotypic effects of horizontally acquired MGE-encoded genes, silencing recessive alleles if the recipient bacterium already carries a wild-type copy of the gene. The combination of these two effects governs the catalog of genes encoded on MGEs. Our results help to understand how MGEs evolve and spread, uncovering the neglected influence of genetic dominance on bacterial evolution. Moreover, our findings offer a framework to forecast the spread and evolvability of MGE-encoded genes, which encode traits of key human interest, such as virulence or antibiotic resistance.

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Dokland, Terje. « Molecular Piracy : Redirection of Bacteriophage Capsid Assembly by Mobile Genetic Elements ». Viruses 11, n^o 11 (31 octobre 2019) : 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11111003.

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Horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) is a key aspect of the evolution of bacterial pathogens. Transduction by bacteriophages is especially important in this process. Bacteriophages—which assemble a machinery for efficient encapsidation and transfer of genetic material—often transfer MGEs and other chromosomal DNA in a more-or-less nonspecific low-frequency process known as generalized transduction. However, some MGEs have evolved highly specific mechanisms to take advantage of bacteriophages for their own propagation and high-frequency transfer while strongly interfering with phage production—“molecular piracy”. These mechanisms include the ability to sense the presence of a phage entering lytic growth, specific recognition and packaging of MGE genomes into phage capsids, and the redirection of the phage assembly pathway to form capsids with a size more appropriate for the size of the MGE. This review focuses on the process of assembly redirection, which has evolved convergently in many different MGEs from across the bacterial universe. The diverse mechanisms that exist suggest that size redirection is an evolutionarily advantageous strategy for many MGEs.

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Thèses sur le sujet "MGEs"

Tuffet, Rémi. « Vers une écologie du pangénome bactérien : application à l'antibiorésistance ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10317.

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Avec l'avènement de la génomique bactérienne, le concept de pangénome bactérien a émergé pour rendre compte des variations génétiques intra-espèce. Le pangénome d’une espèce est défini comme la somme du génome coeur et du génome accessoire. Ce génome accessoire est en grande partie constitué d’éléments génétiques mobiles (MGEs) qui sont des entités génétiques capables de transferts horizontaux. En outre, ces MGEs sont connus pour être porteurs de nombreux gènes d’antibiorésistance, et ainsi vecteurs de cette résistance dans les communautés bactériennes. Comprendre les dynamiques éco-évolutives des MGEs qui circulent dans les populations et communautés bactériennes est donc un enjeu majeur pour la santé mais aussi pour comprendre l’évolution des génomes bactériens. Dans cette optique, ma thèse propose de considérer les MGEs au sein d’une population bactérienne comme une communauté d’ espèces en compétition pour les bactéries hôtes et d’appliquer les théories de l’écologie pour mieux comprendre les dynamiques de ces entités et leur assemblage dans les génomes bactériens. Dans une première partie, je me suis intéressé à des MGEs suspectés d’interférer avec la transformation naturelle, un mécanisme de transfert horizontal contrôlé par les bactéries permettant l’acquisition et l’élimination de séquence génétique dont les MGEs. Au travers d’un modèle inspiré de l’écologie des communautés, j’ai testé l’hypothèse que la stratégie d'inhibition de la transformation naturelle joue un rôle clé dans la dynamique éco-évolutive de ces MGEs. Au moyen d’un modèle numérique paramétré expérimentalement, j’ai montré que les MGEs qui inhibent fortement la transformation naturelle sont favorisés en environnement stochastique. Mes résultats, en adéquation avec les observations génomiques, révèlent que cette stratégie d'inhibition de la transformation, en maximisant la persistance des MGEs, favorise la prévalence des gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques chez Acinetobacter baumannii classée par l'OMS comme une priorité absolue dans la lutte contre l'antibiorésistance. Dans une seconde partie, j’ai construit un modèle plus général de la dynamique des MGEs dans les populations bactériennes qui suggère que la génomique gagnerait à mobiliser les théories issues de l’écologie pour mieux comprendre la diversité des MGEs. En intégrant d’une part le partitionnement des niches écologiques et des processus d’innovation parmi les MGEs, et d’autre part de la stochasticité démographique et la dispersion des cellules bactériennes hôtes des MGEs, je montre l’émergence de la coexistence de clusters de MGEs occupant différentes niches avec des MGEs coexistant de manière quasi-neutre au sein des clusters. Ces résultats sont en faveur de l'unification des théories de la biodiversité appliquées aux MGEs. Finalement dans une troisième partie, j’utilise le même cadre conceptuel pour montrer l’importance des compromis entre les traits des MGEs (leur taux de transfert horizontal, leur niveau de résistance, le taux de réplication de leur bactérie-hôte et leur taux de perte) pour comprendre leurs assemblages. Je montre alors que la forme des compromis détermine les clusters de MGEs les plus compétitifs: des compromis convexes ou linéaires sélectionnent des MGEs spécialisés alors que des compromis concaves sélectionnent des MGEs généralistes. Cette thèse propose ainsi un point de vue nouveau pour aborder l’organisation de génomes bactériens et permet d’envisager une extension aux approches génomiques plus classiques. Mon travail encourage ainsi à considérer explicitement les formes de conflits et coopérations entre les MGEs et les bactéries, et entre les MGEs eux-mêmes en environnement fluctuant. Par ailleurs, ce système composé des bactéries et de leur MGEs, en lien avec l’exposition aux antibiotiques, pourrait constituer un modèle biologique puissant pour tester les théories de la biodiversité
With the advent of bacterial genomics, the concept of the bacterial pangenome emerged to account for intra-species genetic variation. The pangenome of a species is defined as the sum of the core genome and the accessory genome. This accessory genome is largely made up of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which are genetic entities capable of horizontal transfer. In addition, these MGEs are known to carry numerous antibiotic resistance genes, and are therefore vectors of this resistance in bacterial communities. Understanding the eco-evolutionary dynamics of MGEs circulating in bacterial populations and communities is therefore a major challenge not only for health but also for understanding the evolution of bacterial genomes. With this in mind, my thesis proposes to consider MGEs within a bacterial population as a community of species competing for host bacteria and to apply ecology theories to better understand the dynamics of these entities and their assembly in bacterial genomes. In the first part, I looked at MGEs suspected of interfering with natural transformation, a horizontal transfer mechanism controlled by bacteria that allows the acquisition and elimination of genetic sequences, including MGEs. Using a model inspired by community ecology, I tested the hypothesis that the strategy of inhibiting natural transformation plays a key role in the eco-evolutionary dynamics of these MGEs (article accepted in PNAS, see attached PDF). Using a numerical model (discrete-time population-centred stochastic algorithm) parameterised experimentally, I showed that MGEs that strongly inhibit natural transformation are favoured in a stochastic environment. My results, in line with the genomic observations, show that this transformation inhibition strategy, by maximising the persistence of the MGEs, favours the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii, which is classified by the WHO as an absolute priority in the fight against antibiotic resistance. In the second part, I built a more general model of the dynamics of MGEs in bacterial populations that suggests that genomics would benefit from mobilising theories from ecology to better understand the diversity of MGEs. By integrating, on the one hand, the partitioning of ecological niches and innovation processes among MGEs and, on the other hand, demographic stochasticity and the dispersal of MGE host bacterial cells, I show the emergence of the coexistence of clusters of MGEs occupying different niches with MGEs coexisting in a quasi-neutral manner within the clusters. These results support the unification of biodiversity theories applied to MGEs. Finally, in the third part, I use the same conceptual framework to show the importance of trade-offs between MGE traits (their rate of horizontal transfer, their level of resistance, the rate of replication of their host bacterium and their rate of loss) in understanding their assemblages. I then show that the shape of the trade-offs determines the most competitive clusters of MGEs: convex or linear trade-offs select specialised MGEs whereas concave trade-offs select generalist MGEs. This thesis thus offers a new approach to the organisation of bacterial genomes and opens up the possibility of extending it to more traditional genomic approaches. My work encourages explicit consideration of the forms of conflict and cooperation between MGEs and bacteria, and between the MGEs themselves in a fluctuating environment. In addition, this system composed of bacteria and their MGEs, in relation to antibiotic exposure, could constitute a powerful biological model for testing biodiversity theories

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Stone, Christopher E., Keith D. Flint et Gregory P. Mathis. « THE PHILLIPS LABORATORY’S MOBILE GROUND TRACKING STATION (MGTS) ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608411.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
Phillips Laboratory's Space Experiments Directorate (PL/SX) is operating and upgrading the laboratory's premier transportable satellite tracking station, the Mobile Ground Tracking Station (MGTS) program. MGTS supports orbital, suborbital, and aircraft missions as a range system capable of processing and recording multiple data streams. MGTS receives, processes, displays, and records satellite state-of-health data, infrared images in a variety of wavelengths, video data, and state vector solutions based on IR returns from the Miniature Sensor Technology Integration (MSTI) satellite program. The program has began in 1990 under BMDO sponsorship, with the intent to supplement existing test ranges with more flexibility in range operations. Wyle Laboratories and Systems Engineering and Management Company (SEMCO) provided the technical expertise necessary to create the first MGTS system. Autonomy and off-road capability were critical design factors, since some of the operations envisioned require deployment to remote or hostile field locations. Since inception, MGTS has supported the Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric Projectile (LEAP) sub-orbital missions, the MSTI satellite program, and Air Force wargame demonstrations. In pursuit of these missions, MGTS has deployed to White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), NM; Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards AFB, CA; Vandenberg AFB, CA; Falcon AFB, CO; and NASA's Wallops Island Flight Facility, VA, to receive critical mission telemetry data conforming to both IRIG and SGLS standards. This paper will describe the evolution of the MGTS program, current hardware configurations and past and future mission scenarios for the MGTS team.

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Dold, Jeremias [Verfasser]. « Untersuchungen zum metabolischen Glykoengineering (MGE) / Jeremias Dold ». Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205665293/34.

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Flint, Keith D., Gregory P. Mathis et Tom G. Cronauer. « The Phillips Laboratory's Mobile Ground Telemetry Station (MGTS) Configuration and Operations ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611830.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
In support of the various programs that the Phillips Laboratory's Space Experiments Directorate is conducting for the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), the Range Operations Division is developing a mobile telemetry processing system as part of the Mobile Ground Telemetry Station (MGTS) program. The MGTS program's goals are to develop a mission-dedicated telemetry system to supplement current test range capabilities by receiving, processing and recording multiple data streams, sometimes exceeding 10 Mbps. The system will support airborne and suborbital vehicles as well as customized satellite downlinks designed for spacecraft bus State-of-Health monitoring and sensor payload observations. Autonomy and off-road capabilities are also important factors since some of the operations envisioned require deployment to remote field locations where no telemetry processing capabilities currently exist to support the unique data handling requirements. The Phillips Laboratory has completed, with support from Wyle Laboratories and Systems Engineering and Management Company (SEMCO), a "proof-of-concept" mobile telemetry processing system referred to as MGTS #2. Demonstration of the system has been accomplished with the successful deployment and operational support provided to both BMDO's Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric Projectile (LEAP) sub-orbital missions and Miniature Sensor Technology Integration (MSTI) satellite program. MGTS #2 has deployed and is scheduled for further deployment to various operating sites including: White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), NM; Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards AFB, CA; Vandenberg AFB, CA; and NASA's Wallops Island Flight Facility, VA. While deployed MGTS #2 processes, records and rapidly distributes the critical mission telemetry data conforming to both IRIG and SGLS standards. This paper will describe the evolution of the MGTS program, current hardware configurations and the various mission scenarios that have been supported by the MGTS team.

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Siney-Lange, Charlotte. « La politique médico-sociale de la MGEN : soigner autrement ? : 1947-1991 ». Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010502.

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A sa création en 1946, la Mutuelle générale de l'Éducation nationale (MGEN) ne part pas du néant. Elle est le fruit de la fusion de 130 sociétés de secours mutuels enseignantes, apparues depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle en France. Parmi elles, l'Union nationale des sociétés de secours mutuels d'instituteurs et d'institutrices de France et des colonies (UNSSMI ou union des sana) et l'Antituberculeuse de l'enseignement public de la Seine se démarquent par les œuvres sociales qu'elles ont créées et qu'elles lèguent à la jeune Mutuelle. A partir des deux sanatoria de Sainte-Feyre (Creuse) et de Saint-Jean d'Aulps, ouverts en 1906 et 1932 et du dispensaire de la rue du Commandant Lamy, à Paris, créé en 1902, la MGEN met en œuvre un réseau d'établissements médico-sociaux à la pointe du progrès médical. La lutte antituberculeuse est bientôt complétée par la psychiatrie, le troisième âge, le handicap, la convalescence et la rééducation fonctionnelle, ainsi que des centres médicaux.

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Sakuragi, Sayuri. « Interaction between the nucleotide exchange factor Mgel and mitochondrial Hsp70 Ssc1 ». Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181224.

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Hellqvist, Eva. « Antigen interaction with B cells in two proliferative disorders : CLL and MGUS ». Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 2010. http://www2.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2010/med1158s.pdf.

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GERMAIN, MARIE-HELENE. « Reflexions sur un groupe de discussion au sein d'un hopital de jour ». Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M243.

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Potier, Martin. « Un cadre théorique pour l'intégration des niveaux d'organisation dans les modèles : Applications à l'activité spatiale et à la simulation de grandes populations de bactéries ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1173/document.

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La description et la compréhension d'un système passe souvent par la construction d'un modèle mathématique. Ce dernier constitue un point de vue particulier sur le système (structurel, dynamique, etc.). Constituer des modèle splus complets, c'est-à-dire multi-point-de-vue, atteint rapidement les limites des formalismes qui les supportent. Une solution alternative passe par le couplage de plusieurs modèles «simples». Dans le cas où chaque modèle correspond à un niveau de description du système, comme le niveau de la molécule, le niveau de la cellule, le niveau de l'organe, pour un système biologique, nous parlerons de modélisation multi-niveau. Ces niveaux sont organisés et interagissent. Nous pensons que la modélisation multi-niveau ouvre une voie prometteuse pour l'étude des systèmes complexes, traditionnellement durs à modéliser.Nous explorons trois voies pour la compréhension du fonctionnement de ces modèles en nous restreignant à la question de la relation entre global et local, c'est à dire entre l'individu et la population. La première voie est formelle et passe par la définition mathématique de «modèle» indépendamment du formalisme qui le supporte, par la présentation des différents types de modèles que l'on peut construire et par la définition explicite des relations qu'ils entretiennent.La seconde voie est portée par l'activité, définie dans le cadre de mgs, un langage de programmation spatiale, dont le modèle de calcul est fondé sur la réécriture des collections topologiques au moyen de transformations. Nous fournissons une méthode constructive pour l'obtention d'une description de plus haut niveau (une abstraction) des systèmes étudiés en déterminant automatiquement quelle est la sous-collection active sans la nécessité de faire référence à la sous-collection quiescente.La dernière voie est pratique, elle passe par la programmation de otb, un outil de simulation parallèle pour l'étude de la morphogénèse dans une population de bactéries ecoli. Pour otb, nous avons conçu un algorithme générique de calcul parallèle d'un automate cellulaire en deux dimensions, adapté aux cartesgraphiques grand public. Le modèle embarqué dans otb correspond au couplage de trois modèles correspondant chacun à un niveau de description du système: le modèle physique, qui décrit la dynamique des collisions entre bactéries, le modèle chimique, qui décrit la réaction et la diffusion des morphogènes, et le modèle de prise de décision, qui décrit l'interaction entre les bactéries et leur support
We often build mathematical models to describe and understand what a systemdoes.Each model gives a specific point of view on the system (structure, dynamics,etc.).Building more comprehensive models that encompass many different points of viewis limited by the formalism they are written in.Coupling “simple” models to form a bigger one is an alternative.If each model corresponds to a level of description of the system, e.g., themolecular level, the cellular level, the organ level in biology, then we callthis technique multi-level modelling.Levels of description are organized and interact with each other.We think that multi-level modelling is a promising technique to model complexsystems, which are known to be difficult to model.We have opened three distinct research tracks to investigate the link betweenlocal and global properties, for instance between those of an entity and itspopulation — a classical opposition in complex systems.On the first track, we give precise definitions of a model — independentlyof its underlying formalism, of a system and of some of the relations modelshave (validation, abstraction, composition).We also introduce different classes of models and show how they relate to someclassical definitions (dynamic models, spatial models, etc.)On the second track, we look at mgs, a spatial programming language based onthe rewriting of topological collections by means of transformation functions.We present a constructive method giving us access to a higher level ofdescription of the system (an abstraction). This method automatically computesthe active sub-collection of a model, without any knowledge about the quiescentsub-collection, and follows it for each time step.Finally, on the third track, we present otb, a parallel simulator for thestudy of morphogenesis in a population of ecoli bacteria. We provide a genericalgorithm for the parallel simulation of two-dimensional cellular automataon general-purpose graphics cards.otb itself is built around a multi-level model for the population of bacteria.This model is the result of the coupling of three “simple” (base) models: aphysical model, describing how bacteria collide, a chemical model, describinghow morphogenes react and diffuse, and a decision model, describing how bacteriaand their environment interact

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De, Flumeri Lisa <1990&gt. « Fan film e diritto d'autore : il caso di "MGS Philantropy" ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6743.

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L'analisi si concentrerà sul recente fenomeno dei Fan film e dei diritti d'auotre ad essi connessi. L'elaborato inoltre analizzerà le diverse forme di tutela dei soggetti proposti dai Fan film, le modalità attraverso cui questi ultimi vengono prodotti e le problematiche che talvolta possono insorgere. Lo studio di caso riguarda il Fan film italiano "MGS Philantropy", ispirato al videogioco "Metal Gear Solid" di Hideo Kojima.

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Livres sur le sujet "MGEs"

Books, O., dir. 248 mgs., a panic picnic. Oakland, Calif : O Books, 2003.

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Lagutin, V. S., et V. S. Panov. Sovremennye informat︠s︡ionnye tekhnologii upravlenii︠a︡ setʹi︠u︡ v AO MGTS. Moskva : Radio i svi︠a︡zʹ, 2002.

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Reynolds, L. C. Home waters MTBs & MGBs at war, 1939-1945. Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire : Sutton in association with The Imperial War Museum, 2000.

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Rooney, Joanna Min Jee. Development of the Multicultural Gender Role Scale for Asian American Women (MGRS-AAW). [New York, N.Y.?] : [publisher not identified], 2019.

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Buque, Mariel. Development and Initial Validation of the Multicultural Gender Roles Scale—Black Women (MGRS – BW). [New York, N.Y.?] : [publisher not identified], 2019.

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Goodwin, Carl. They started in MGs : Profiles of sports car racers of the 1950s. Jefferson, N.C : McFarland & Co., 2011.

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Indonesia. Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional., dir. Angka kematian ibu : Rancang bangun percepatan penurunan angka kematian ibu untuk mencapai sasaran millenium development goals (Mgds). [Jakarta] : Kementerian Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, 2007.

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T, Prilepin M., International Association of Geodesy, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. General Assembly et Rossiĭskai͡a︡ akademii͡a︡ nauk. Nat͡s︡ionalʹnyĭ geofizicheskiĭ komitet., dir. Nat͡s︡ionalʹnyĭ otchet Mezhdunarodnoĭ assot͡s︡iat͡s︡ii geodezii Mezhdunarodnogo geodezicheskogo i geofizicheskogo soi͡u︡za, 1991-1994 : K XXI Generalʹnoĭ assamblee MGGS. Moskva : Rossiĭskai͡a︡ akademii͡a︡ nauk, Nat͡s︡ionalʹnyĭ geofizicheskiĭ kom-t, 1995.

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Nunnelly, Luke Frazier. St18 specifies MGE lineage parvalbumin expressing prototypic neurons of the globus pallidus pars externa. [New York, N.Y.?] : [publisher not identified], 2021.

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Allison, Mike. The Works MGs : In pre-war and post-war races, rallies, trials, and record-breaking. Sparkford, Nr. Yeovil, Somerset, England : Haynes Pub., 2000.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "MGEs"

Shintani, Masaki, et Hideaki Nojiri. « Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) Carrying Catabolic Genes ». Dans Management of Microbial Resources in the Environment, 167–214. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5931-2_8.

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Strauch, Dieter. « MgSe : Lattice Parameters ». Dans Semiconductors, 71–74. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53620-9_16.

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Strauch, Dieter. « MgSe : Elastic Constants ». Dans Semiconductors, 79–81. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53620-9_18.

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Goubran, Hadi, Vinita Sundaram, Julie Stakiw et Mohamed Elemary. « Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) and Highlight on Monoclonal Gammopathy of Neurological Significance (MGNS) ». Dans Paraproteinemia and Related Disorders, 177–92. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10131-1_12.

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Strauch, Dieter. « MgS : Thermal Expansion ». Dans Semiconductors, 61. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53620-9_13.

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Strauch, Dieter. « Mgs : Elastic Constants ». Dans Semiconductors, 67–70. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53620-9_15.

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Mousavi, Asma, et Sepideh Razi. « Mungan Syndrome (MGS) ». Dans Genetic Syndromes, 1–3. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66816-1_1266-1.

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Lawson, Charles, Fran Humphries, Marcel Jaspars et Muriel Rabone. « Data Management and the ‘BBNJ Standardized Batch Identifier’ Under the BBNJ Agreement ». Dans Sustainable Development Goals Series, 253–69. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72100-7_12.

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Abstract This chapter addresses two innovations in the BBNJ Agreement—the ‘“BBNJ” standardized batch identifier’ (BBNJ Identifier) and the data management plan (DMP). The BBNJ Identifier is a means to link information about the subject matter of the BBNJ Agreement—marine genetic resources (MGRs) and digital sequence information on MGRs (DSI)—back to reporting on usage, to enable transparency and equitable benefit sharing. DMPs outline processes and standards for data creation, access, ownership, management and storage, and the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders where data is derived from MGRs and associated DSI. Both requirements are important to fulfilling the BBNJ Agreement obligation that MGR data are Findable Accessible Interoperable and Reusable, or FAIR. This chapter outlines the BBNJ Agreement obligations and the areas that will require further input as the agreement develops into practice, with direction from the subsidiary bodies: the Conference of the Parties (COP); the Scientific and Technical Body (STB), and the Access and Benefit-Sharing Committee (ABSC). It provides legal perspectives and context on the data requirements in relation to other relevant legal frameworks. The chapter concludes that the BBNJ Identifier and DMPs can contribute to modalities for the sharing of the benefits arising from the use of MGRs and DSI that are mutually supportive of, and adaptable to other access and benefit-sharing instruments.

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Hegenbart, Ute, et Britta Walter. « Monoklonale Gammopathie renaler Signifikanz (MGRS) ». Dans Onko-Nephrologie, 83–93. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59911-2_9.

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Spicher, Antoine, Olivier Michel et Jean-Louis Giavitto. « Spatial Computing in MGS ». Dans Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation, 63–69. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32894-7_7.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "MGEs"

Han, Wen, Xinghao Yang, Baodi Liu et Weifeng Liu. « MGBS : Multi-granularity Beam Search for NMT Model Attack ». Dans 2024 6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (ICNLP), 90–96. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnlp60986.2024.10692772.

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Lin, Zhuwei, Feng Ye, Lifeng Gao, Can Liu et Min Wang. « A high precision resolution network MGS-HigherHRnet for human pose estimation ». Dans 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Information Technology, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICIBA), 647–53. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciba62489.2024.10868084.

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Kuryntseva, Polina, Kamalya Karamova, Svetlana Selivanovskaya et Polina Galitskaya. « ASSESSMENT OF BIOCHAR'S ABILITY TO ADSORB MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS INCLUDING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES ». Dans 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/5.1/s20.06.

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Biochar is a highly porous pyrolysis product with a high specific surface area and adsorption properties, capable of adsorbing various compounds and formations, including ARG-containing MGEs. To assess the ability of biochar to adsorb MGE, a model experiment was carried out: in sterill flasks, the microbial community isolated from composts was cultivated on LB-medium, oxytetracycline and a mixture of heavy metals were added as factors potentially stimulating the production of MGE. Neither heavy metals nor oxytetracycline led to an increase in the concentration of intracellular total DNA and did not lead to an increase in the proportion of intracellular plasmid DNA in the formed sediments of the samples; on the contrary, their decrease was found to be 20 and 35%, respectively. The introduction of biochar did lead to significant effect on the concentration of intracellular total DNA. At the same time, the concentration of total DNA in the supernatant was higher in samples with biochar, the introduction of oxytetracycline led to an increase 2.1 times the count of plasmid extracellular DNA, which is a potential carrier of ARG. It was shown that biochar is able to reduce the count of ARG due to the mechanism of sorption of MGEs (plasmids) that are carriers of the tet(A) gene; such an effect has not been established with respect to the tet(B) gene. Most likely, this mechanism plays a minor role in reducing the spread of ARG, since it is specific only for some MGEs.

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Меркулов, П. Ю., et И. В. Киров. « ANALYSIS OF PLANT MOBILOM BY AMPLIFICATION OF DNA ENRICHED IN EXTRACHROMOSOMAL RING MOLECULES ». Dans Биотехнология в растениеводстве, животноводстве и сельскохозяйственной микробиологии, 21–22. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48397/arriab.2021.21.xxi.007.

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Мобильные генетические элементы (МГЭ) занимают значительную часть геномов растений и животных и вносят большой вклад в их эволюцию и адаптацию. Способность МГЭ к транспозиции – перемещению и/или амплификации в геноме позволяет им формировать так называемый мобилом. По типу транспозиции МГЭ делятся на два больших класса: ДНК-транспозоны, перемещающиеся по геному по принципу «вырезатьвставить», и ретротранспозоны, использующие РНК посредник для транспозиции (принцип «копировать-вставить»). Среди МГЭ растительных геномов наиболее широко представлены элементы с длинными концевыми повторами - LTR-ретротранспозоны. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) occupy a significant part of the genomes of plants and animals and make a great contribution to their evolution and adaptation. The ability of MGEs to transposition - move and / or amplify in the genome allows them to form the so-called mobile. According to the type of transposition, MGEs are divided into two large classes: DNA transposons, which move along the genome according to the “cut-paste” principle, and retrotransposons, which use an RNA intermediary for transposition (the “copy-paste” principle). Among the MGEs of plant genomes, elements with long terminal repeats, LTR retrotransposons, are most widely represented.

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« CRISPR-like elements and MGEs in Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome ». Dans Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-344.

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Huang, Yaji, Baosheng Jin, Zhaoping Zhong, Rui Xiao et Hongcang Zhou. « Effects of Solid Additives on the Control of Trace Elements During Coal Gasification ». Dans 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78030.

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Based on the Modified Geo-chemical Enrichment Factor (MGEF), the contents of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Pb, V, Se, Sr, Zn in coal and coal char were analyzed by using Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS) and Inductively Couple Plasma-atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Limestone, dolomite and sodium carbonate were studied to control trace elements during coal gasification. Different additives show different performances in the control of trace elements. The adsorbing capacity of coal char to all of trace elements enhances when coal is mixed with limestone and dolomite. Chemical adsorption and physical adsorption of lime, which is decomposition product of limestone under high gasification temperature, are both important for As, Co, Cr, Se and Zn. The effects of limestone on Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, V and Sr are merely caused by physical adsorption of CaO and the adsorbing capacity to Cd, Cu, V is much stronger than those to Hg, Pb, Sr. Dolomite has stronger adsorbing capacity to most of elements (except Cu, Se, Sr) than limestone. Addition of Na2CO3 decreases the MGEFs of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Se while increases the MGEFs of Zn in coal char. Na2CO3 has little effect on the MGEFs of Co, Cu, Hg, V and Sr in coal char.

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Zhao, Yue, Hong-Chao Gao, Gang Luo, Chao Gong, Chen Zhao et Xuan Zhang. « A Study of Forecast Uncertainty Handling Technologies for MGEMS Considering Power Trading between MGs ». Dans 2020 IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power System Asia (I&CPS Asia). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpsasia48933.2020.9208523.

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Ding, Jianwei, Zhouguo Chen, Yue Zhao, Hong Su, Yubin Guo et Enbo Sun. « MGeT ». Dans the 2017 International Conference. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3058060.3058065.

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Brittell, Megen, Michal Young et Amy Lobben. « The MGIS ». Dans SIGSPATIAL'13 : 21st SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2525314.2525329.

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Yeung, Donald, John Kubiatowicz et Anant Agarwal. « MGS ». Dans the 23rd annual international symposium. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/232973.232980.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "MGEs"

EDWARD P. MCCANN. PRELIMINARY MGDS HAZARDS ANALYSIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778856.

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S. SU. MGDS SUBSURFACE RADIATION SHIELDING ANALYSIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juin 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778853.

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Parker, Robert, et Phillip Dykstra. XMGED - An X11 Interface to MGED. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300826.

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Syamlal, M., et L. A. Bissett. METC Gasifier Advanced Simulation (MGAS) model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10127635.

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BRENT THOMSON, CARL VECCHIONE. PERFORMANCE CONFIRMATION FOR AN MGDS AT YUCCA MOUNTAIN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/776075.

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DOE. INTEGRATION OF MGDS DESIGN INTO THE LICENSING PROCESS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/776314.

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Kropka, Jamie, Ana Baca, Michael Brumbach et Rebecca Chow. Limited Characterization of Wind Turbine Adhesives [EPIKOTE Resin MGS BPR 135G3/EPIKURE Curing Agent MGS RIMH 134 (H134i) and MGS BP20/EPIKURE Curing Agent MGS BPH 20 (rework adhesive)] and Root Insert Exterior Surface. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762988.

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Butler, Lee A., Eric W. Edwards, Betty J. Schueler, Robert C. Parker et and John R. Anderson. BRL-CAD Tutorial Series : Volume II - Introduction to MGED. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, avril 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398206.

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Laguna, G. Generating meshes for finite difference analysis using MGED solid models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6235719.

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M.J. McGrath. MINED GEOLOGIC DISPOSAL SYSTEM (MGDS) MONITORING & ; CONTROL SYSTEMS CENTRALIZATION TECHNICAL REPORT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883425.

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