Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « MetropolitanAreas »

Background: Lower socioeconomic groups and country residents are more likely to experience dental disease. Previous research has found that it is generally more cost effective to provide subsidised dental care through publically employed dentists when compared to subcontracting the work out to the private sector. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify and rank areas of relative need for new public dental care facilities across Australia. The secondary objective was to gauge how many of these areas arelocated in the vicinity of an existing public hospital (medical) with a view to utilise existing infrastructure for future service rollout. Methods: Usual resident population, employment status and socioeconomic distribution data was downloaded from the Australian Bureau of Statistics website at Statistical Area 1 level. A mathematical weighing formula was applied to those variables, which subsequently allowed for ranking of the results based on magnitude of the product values. The findings were considered in terms of proximity to existing public health infrastructure. Results: A total of 49 SA1 areas were identified and preselected as potential sites for new public dental clinics across Australia. Eighty per cent of the identified areas of relative need were located outside metropolitanareas. Fifty per cent of those were found to be in close proximity to an existing public hospital (medical). Conclusion: Offering subsidised dental care through existing public hospitals may be an option. Such an approach has a potential to improve access to subsidised dental care in regional centres while minimising capitalexpenditure on infrastructure. Abbreviations: ABS – Australian Bureau of Statistics; ASGS – Australian Statistical Geography Standard; SEIFA – Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas

The paper describes factors associated with 2,605 hospital admissions for musculoskeletal malignant neoplasms (MMN) over oneyear. The rates per 10,000 population increased significantly (t=5.3, p<.01) with age, with men (4.5 per 10,000 population, 95% CI 4.1-5.0) at greater risk than women (3.3 per 10,000 population, 95% CI 2.8-3.7). The 30-day readmission rate was 19%, thethird highest of all admission categories. The average length of stay was significantly (t=4.5, p<.01) shorter in the metropolitanarea (8.2 days) than in rural communities (10.8 days). The age-standardised rates varied inversely (r=-0.28) with socioeconomicstatus. Communities with high MMN admission rates had high rates of heart failure admissions (r=0.35), alcohol consumption(r=0.34) and receiving Disability Support Pension (r=0.32). There was a significant (t=13.8, p<.001) monthly variability inMMN hospitalisation rates. As a leading cause of hospital readmission and disability, the condition requires closer analysis.

Il lavoro intende presentare una riflessione sul tema della natura della città e le sue caratteristiche distintive, come definita dalla letteratura sul tema. Essa prenderà avvio dagli ultimi contributi teorici relativi al dibattito sulla Questione Urbana che hanno affrontato la tematica, in modo da evidenziare i principali punti critici nell’attuale riflessione sul fenomeno urbano. La nostra proposta mira a distinguere tra due dimensioni diverse che costituiscono la città: il concetto di Urbano (relativo alla dimensione più prettamente culturale della città quale ambiente sociale) e quello di Città in quanto struttura fisica. Il lavoro enfatizza il fatto che solo in presenza di specifiche condizioni (spaziali) è possibile avere un ambiente propriamente urbano, capace cioè di generare urbanità, intesa come la condizione di essere urbanizzati o di vivere una cultura urbana. Per questa ragione il lavoro è strutturato su due livelli: uno micro/meso, focalizzato sull’analisi dell’accessibilità e prossimità, intese quali potenziali chiavi di lettura dell’urbanità, e uno macro, incentrato sullo studio della struttura metropolitana delle città di oggi. Per il primo proporremo un metodo di misurazione dell’urbanità basato sull’accessibilià pedonale e la walkability, mentre per il secondo un metodo di delimitazione delle aree metropolitane, incentrato sulla rappresentazione della distribuzione delle funzioni metropolitane. Sono poi presi quali casi studio due città metropolitane, Milano e Lione, sulle quali i due indici di urbanità e metropolitanità sono applicati in maniera da ottenere una zonizzazione del territorio metropolitano dei due contesti. Infine verrà proposta una descrizione socio-demografica delle popolazioni che compongono le diverse aree individuate dalla zonizzazione.
The work presents a reasoning on the city nature and on the characteristics that the literature on the topic has proposed as distinctive of this specific social product. It will start from the last theoretical proposals addressing the issue, inscribed in the legacy of the Urban Question debate, in order to highlight the main critical points in the current understanding of the urban phenomenon. We present a proposal for distinguishing between two different elements composing the city, the concept of Urban (that regards the cultural dimension of the city as a social environment) and that of City as a physical structure. We stress the fact that only specific spatial conditions are capable to generate a properly urban environment, able to produce what we call urbanity, the condition of being urbanized and living an urban culture. For this reason we will work on two different levels: a micro/meso, focused on the analysis of accessibility and proximity as potential keys for urbanity detection, and a macro one, focused on the metropolitan structure of current cities. For the first level we will propose an urbanity measure method, based on pedestrian accessibility and walkability, and for the second level a metropolitan area delimitation method, based on metropolitan functions distribution representation. Two case studies are finally considered, the metropolitan cities of Milan and Lyon, on which the combined urbanity and metropolitan indexes are applied, in order to produce a metropolitan zoning of the two contexts. Finally a socio-demographic study of the zoning will be produced in order to distinguish the different populations living the diverse contexts drawn.

碩士
玄奘大學
財務金融學系碩士班
98
Since the house prices kept skyrocketing over again, house purchasing turned into a very important political issue; especially “Home purchase loans for young group” became a mutual dissident of each political party. Mean while, under the evaluation of the average economic instinct or appropriate expense on house purchasing, it is obviously that the consumption ability of young families are underprivileged of urban area in Taipei. However, there are large differences on purchasing ability and consumption pattern of diverse young families. In this study, we expect to reach further understanding of the essential phenomenon of the issues above by the following analysis. This study is base on the data of “The tendency of residence-requirement survey” executed by Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior (CPAMI), which classified young group age under thirty as the standard criterion, and then to proceed comparative analysis that emphasize on different family structure and house buying behavior in Taipei county and city for cross analysis. Afterward, this study examines the differences between rental and purchasing of young group by binary logistic model. The study result shows that the phase of housing consumption for young groups. First of all, their salary and stability have to reach certain level and the intention of buying a house is for their own dwelling, and sometimes parents or family members might support the house fee. At the end, they might plan for purchasing house again. On the other hand, the phase of rental, the amount of rent depends on their salary standard, and personal living space would not be too big, and the Internet is the major research mediator method, and later will plan for renting house again.