Thèses : « Metodo in economia »

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Fietta, Elia <1991&gt. « Riscatto del periodo di laurea : un metodo per valutarne la convenienza ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12833.

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Il riscatto della laurea è un investimento che tocca un’ampia gamma di soggetti, a partire dai neolaureati fino a toccare coloro che si avvicinano a raggiungere il monte pensionistico. Le motivazioni che spingono il soggetto ad effettuare il riscatto di laurea, sono il raggiungimento anticipato della pensione e contemporaneamente l’aumento dell’importo pensionistico. Il decison maker prima di scegliere deve considerare numerose variabili allo stesso tempo, per esempio la sua disponibilità monetaria, la sua retribuzione, il mercato del lavoro e via discorrendo. Il decision making è l’arte di scegliere tra due diverse linee d’azione. Le tecniche di tipo decisionale appartenenti al ramo MCDM( Multi criteria decision making) possono essere utilizzate per facilitare la risoluzione di problemi altamente complessi. Il riscatto di laurea, ponendosi all’interno di un contesto multicriterio, deve essere considerato come un investimento che ricomprende numerose alternative e fattori che sono rilevanti per la decisione. La misurazione dei criteri, per quelle che sono le variabili influenti, insieme alla ponderazione dell’importanza relativa agli attributi, così come viene percepita dal decisore, rappresenta l’ideologia di base di tale elaborato. Si presuppone che gli attributi più importanti avranno un impatto maggiore nella determinazione della scelta. La combinazione dell’importanza degli attributi congiuntamente alla valutazione si ottiene grazie alla teoria multi attributo, denominata MAUT. Lo scopo di questa tesi è la costruzione, lo sviluppo, l’elaborazione di una funzione che permetta di affrontare l’investimento del riscatto con una visione ad ampio spettro, analizzando sia le variabili di tipo qualitativo che di tipo quantitativo. In aggiunta vi è stata la progettazione, programmazione, integrazione e beta testing del codice per l’applicazione della funzione attraverso la piattaforma Matlab.

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Capegliota, Caterina <1982&gt. « LEASING : PROFILO GIURIDICO ED ECONOMICO. PROSPETTIVE FUTURE VERSO UN UNICO METODO DI CONTABILIZZAZIONE ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2970.

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L'elaborato tratterà in maniera approfondita il profilo giuridico ed economico del leasing. La prima parte verterà sul profilo giuridico, esaminando in maniera particolareggiata l'atipicità del contratto, le tipologie del leasing ed il lease back. La seconda, invece, affronterà il profilo economico, sviluppando il trattamento contabile secondo i principi contabili italiani e internazionali. Infine, l'ultimo capitolo sarà dedicato alla modifica che verrà attuata al principio contabile internazionale, IAS 17, che prevede un unico metodo di contabilizzazione.

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Biasi, Lorenzo <1993&gt. « Il metodo DDMRP nella pianificazione dell’approvvigionamento. Il caso di una catena di profumerie ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17187.

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L'elaborato descrive il tradizionale sistema di approvvigionamento MRP adottato dalle aziende, individuandone i relativi limiti e suggerendo l'introduzione di un sistema di pianificazione innovativo costituito dal DDMRP. Dopo averne descritto il funzionamento, ne verrà presentata un'applicazione pratica basata su dati reali riguardanti la gestione delle scorte di una catena di profumerie. Verranno quindi confrontati gli esiti ottenuti con i due diversi metodi di pianificazione.

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Michieletto, Gianluca <1994&gt. « Implementazione del metodo DDMRP nella gestione del magazzino Il caso di Romea Asfalti ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20830.

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Il presente elaborato nasce da un'esigenza reale dell'azienda Romea Asfalti inerente all'approvvigionamento di materiali utilizzati nel ciclo di produzione. A questo proposito la tesi affronta nel primo capitolo un'analisi sul sistema di pianificazione convenzionale più diffuso, il Material Requirements Planning (MRP), dove vengono individuati i suoi punti di forza che hanno reso questo sistema il più utilizzato, ma anche i suoi limiti che pongono le basi per la necessità di passare ad un nuovo sistema di gestione della produzione e degli ordini. Nel secondo capitolo si è proceduto alla presentazione del Demand Driven Material Requirements Planning (DDMRP), delle sue peculiarità e dei cinque passaggi chiave che lo costituiscono. Il terzo e ultimo capitolo introduce Romea Asfalti, contestualizzando come avviene l'approvvigionamento dei materiali all'interno dell'azienda. All'interno di questo capitolo viene poi effettuata una simulazione per confrontare i risultati ottenuti con il sistema di pianificazione utilizzato dall'azienda e quelli ottenuti dall'implementazione del DDMRP. Vengono poi discussi i risultati ottenuti dalla simulazione, gli eventuali benefici che il nuovo approccio può fornire all'azienda e gli eventuali limiti che presenta.

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Gori, Savellini Martina <1986&gt. « I social media e le web agency : da servizio per le aziende a metodo di recruiting ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4564.

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Dopo aver rivoluzionato il modo in cui le persone comunicano tra loro, i social media hanno modificato anche il modo in cui le aziende comunicano con i consumatori: più vicina, diretta, trasparente, la comunicazione con clienti e prospects ha messo le aziende nella posizione di dover curare con molta attenzione la propria presenza online. Ascoltare quello che le persone pensano dei brand, capire quali interessi hanno e quale sia il miglior modo per entrare in contatto e fornire contenuti di valore sono diventate attività cruciali della comunicazione aziendale. Ecco che quindi le figure professionali specializzate in questo nuovo tipo di comunicazione, che assume le forme di una vera e propria conversazione, diventano indispensabili. Le agenzie che offrono servizi di social media e community management si contendono questi professionisti in una vera e propria guerra, in cui la brand image assume un ruolo fondamentale per attirare talenti. Tra gli strumenti a disposizione delle agenzie per potersi conquistare un vantaggio in questa guerra, un'analisi dei competitor risulta sicuramente utile per capire come distinguersi e guadagnare risorse umane fondamentali.

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Gnesotto, Giulia <1997&gt. « Impatto dell'Average Daily Usage sul dimensionamento del buffer e sulle politiche di riordino con il metodo DDMRP ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19852.

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L’evoluzione della catena produttiva, contraddistinta dall’innovazione tecnologica al servizio dell’automazione industriale, ha fornito l’opportunità di adeguare le caratteristiche dei prodotti alle esigenze del cliente e di ridurre i tempi di consegna lungo tutta la supply chain. A seguito di questi fenomeni, è sorta l’esigenza di riconsiderare la gestione del flusso delle informazioni e dei materiali: concetti quali Just In Time, Lean Production e Material Requirements Planning (MRP), presi singolarmente, non sono più sufficienti per rispondere alla rafforzata complessità dell’industria 4.0, caratterizzata da crescente variabilità. In questo contesto, la metodologia Demand Driven Material Requirements Planning (DDMRP) potrebbe rappresentare la soluzione più adatta per la gestione del fabbisogno di risorse della catena produttiva. Il DDMRP è un metodo innovativo che, utilizzando il principio dei punti di disaccoppiamento in combinazione con i buffer di protezione, permette di arginare la propagazione della variabilità lungo la supply chain. Infatti, i buffer, che hanno il compito di assorbire i mutamenti imprevisti della domanda, vengono posizionati nei punti di disaccoppiamento con valenza strategica, permettendo di ridurre i tempi necessari a soddisfare le richieste degli ordinativi. Cruciali nella definizione degli ordini di fornitura, i buffer sono composti da tre differenti livelli, ognuno dei quali ha scopi e metodi di formulazione differenti. Dei quattro parametri che concorrono alla definizione di tali livelli, quali il lead time, il Minimum Order Quantity, la location e l’Average Daily Usage (ADU), proprio quest’ultimo rappresenta la novità introdotta dal DDMRP. Si tratta infatti di un parametro che indica l’utilizzo medio giornaliero stimato per un dato articolo di magazzino, e può essere definito attraverso l’utilizzo dei soli dati storici della domanda (approccio backward), dei soli ordini certi futuri (approccio forward) o di una loro combinazione (approccio blended). La letteratura accademica in quest’ultimo ambito risulta scarsamente articolata. L’assenza di studi su una misura di confronto, che permetta di valutare l’accuratezza dell’approccio impiegato nella stima dell’ADU, rappresenta la motivazione che ha dato origine alla stesura di questo elaborato. Al fine di studiare quanto esposto sopra, nel primo capitolo verrà innanzitutto descritta la metodologia MRP, evidenziandone i limiti che hanno condotto i pianificatori a preferire il modello DDMRP. Successivamente, verranno analizzate le cinque fasi sequenziali proprie del DDMRP, focalizzando l’attenzione sull’ADU e, in particolare, su come questo parametro impatti profondamente sulla definizione dei livelli dei buffer e sulle relative politiche di rifornimento. La presentazione dei diversi metodi previsionali, per il confronto della stima dell’ADU, sarà oggetto del secondo capitolo. In questa sezione si cercherà di rispondere al quesito sollevato in precedenza, con riguardo alla valutazione dell’accuratezza dei metodi di calcolo dell’ADU. Per una stima adeguata, infatti, si ritiene necessario approfondire la qualificazione della domanda, al fine di comprendere quale metodologia utilizzare in relazione ai diversi contesti.

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Bliska, Júnior Antonio. « Metodo de identificação do grau de gestão (MIGG) nas atividades de produção de flores de corte ». [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256934.

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Orientadores: Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ferraz, Sylvio Luis Honorio
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T17:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BliskaJunior_Antonio_D.pdf: 2377273 bytes, checksum: b8cdb2ea80e0bb5fcd20cdf28c17ebd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A Floricultura é considerada um dos mais importantes segmentos da agricultura brasileira, não somente em função dos significativos recursos financeiros movimentados e do volume de mão-de-obra empregado, mas também pelo potencial de crescimento que possui, em virtude do baixo consumo interno per capita e das possibilidades de exportação. Para tanto, questões como qualidade e gestão são fundamentais para que o setor possa se desenvolver e atingir esse potencial de crescimento.Uma das atividades técnicas e economicamente promissora do Sistema Agroindustrial (SAG) da Floricultura é a produção de flores de corte. Este estudo centrou-se na primeira etapa dessa atividade, ou seja, na produção rural, pois os reflexos da implementação de conceitos e práticas de gestão no agronegócio nessa etapa, visando à obtenção de produtos de alta qualidade e tempo de vida pós-colheita adequados permeiam o setor como um todo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método para que os produtores de flores de corte possam, de maneira simples e rápida, identificar o grau gerencial de suas atividades e possibilitar a adoção dos fundamentos, critérios e práticas de gestão da qualidade que resultem na estruturação de seu negócio como uma empresa organizada. Para desenvolvê-lo, foram adotados os critérios preconizados pela Fundação Nacional da Qualidade (FNQ) como linha mestra de seleção, priorização e hierarquização dos temas e indicadores gerenciais a serem adotados no novo método.Por meio de metodologias específicas para coleta de dados primários e secundários, e utilizando-se a técnica Delphi para priorizar e hierarquizar parâmetros de gestão da empresa agrícola delineou-se um questionário que foi aplicado a 41 especialistas do setor de flores de corte, pertencentes tanto à iniciativa privada quanto a instituições públicas de pesquisa, desenvolvimento, inovação e extensão rural. Uma vez hierarquizados, aqueles parâmetros foram convertidos em questões objetivas utilizadas na elaboração de um segundo questionário, destinado à aplicação direta nas organizações envolvidas na atividade. Esse questionário, associado a uma tabela de pontuação, indica o grau de maturidade gerencial das organizações bem como as oportunidades de melhoria dos processos. A esse modelo deu-se o nome de Método de Identificação do Grau de Gestão (MIGG). O MIGG foi aplicado a 14 organizações atuantes na atividade de produção de flores de corte no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A consistência das respostas obtidas indica que o método desenvolvido é adequado para identificar e avaliar o grau de gestão na produção de flores de corte de forma rápida e sem custos elevados.
Abstract: Floriculture is considered one of the most important segments of Brazilian agriculture, not only because of significant financial resources involved and the amount of manpower employed, but also for the growing potential it presents, due to low per capita internal consumption and export possibilities. Therefore, questions such as quality and management are fundamental, so that the sector can develop and reach this growth potential.The production of cut flowers is one of the activities of the Agro-Industrial System of Flower culture technically and economically most promising.This study is centred on the first stage of this activity, i.e., the rural production, for reflections of the implementation of concepts and practices of agribusiness management at this stage, aiming at the obtaining of high quality products and adequate post-harvest life span, permeate the sector as a whole.The objective of this paper was to develop a method to be used by producers of cut flowers to identify the managerial degree of their activities and enable them to adopt the fundaments, criteria and practices of quality management, leading them to structure their business as an organized enterprise. The criteria recommended by the National Quality Foundation as the base line to be followed for the selection, establishment of priorities and hierarchy of themes and managerial indicators to be adopted in the new method were used to develop this new method.A questionnaire was compiled using specific methodologies to collect primary and secondary data, plus the Delphi technique which was employed to establish priorities and hierarchy of parameters of the management of an agricultural enterprise. This questionnaire was distributed to 41 experts in the cut flowers sector, both private and belonging to public institutions dedicated to research, development, innovation and rural activities. Once set up the hierarchy of the parameters, they were transformed into objective questions used to construct a second questionnaire to be filled in by the organizations directly involved in the activity. This questionnaire, associated to a score table, indicates the managerial maturity degree of the organizations and points out the opportunities for process improvements. This model was called Management Degree Identification Method (MDIM). The MDIM was applied to 14 organizations involved in the cut flower activity in São Paulo State in Brazil. The consistency in the answers obtained indicates that the method that was developed is adequate to quickly identify and evaluate the management degree in the production of cut flowers at a low cost.
Doutorado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

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Scomparin, Valentina <1994&gt. « Efficacia, efficienza e applicabilità del DDMRP. Implementazione del nuovo metodo per la risoluzione di problemi di approvvigionamento : il caso Acqua Minerale San Benedetto ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18054.

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L’elaborato studia l’applicabilità, l’efficienza e l’efficacia con cui l’approccio ibrido Demand Driven Material Requirement Planning (DDMRP) risolve problematiche di approvvigionamento rispetto all’attuale visione Material Requirement Planning (MRP) nell’Azienda Acqua Minerale San Benedetto S.p.A. Integrando i principali fondamenti teorici e operativi del DDMRP con una diretta esperienza delle dinamiche produttive aziendali, si è ottenuto un database funzionale alla simulazione dell’andamento DDMRP dello stock a magazzino di specifiche materie prime. Per esse, rispetto all’MRP, le simulazioni hanno evidenziato ottimi benefici per l’Azienda in termini di diminuzione dell’inventario medio a magazzino, abbassamento dell’investimento medio aziendale e incremento del valore dell’Indice di Rotazione. Il successo dell’analisi, giustifica dunque una accurata implementazione della visione DDMRP nel futuro produttivo dell’Azienda.

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Racovita, Nicolae <1993&gt. « Il sistema di Valutazione del Personale nel Ministero dell’Agricoltura, Sviluppo Regionale e Ambiente della Repubblica Moldava : Il metodo DEA per valutare l’efficienza dei Manager ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14240.

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Il tema della valutazione della performance nel settore pubblico presenta molte problematiche. Innanzitutto, è molto difficile quantificare monetariamente il valore dei servizi offerti alla collettività, problema ulteriormente amplificato dal fatto che la collettività presenta delle esigenze eterogenee che devono essere considerate. La seconda problematica è rappresentata dal potenziale rischio di generare una spirale negativa della performance qualora le informazioni sulla performance venissero raccolte erroneamente (p.e. una valutazione non oggettiva) o utilizzate senza considerare i possibili rischi. Dopo aver presentato il sistema attualmente utilizzato per la valutazione della performance, questo elaborato mira ad individuare un modello alternativo di valutazione del personale operante nel settore pubblico, in particolare i direttori delle diverse divisioni che operano in un Ministero della Moldavia. Il presupposto alla base di questa tesi è che una buona performance del personale porti a una buona performance dell’intera organizzazione. A tal proposito, viene utilizzato il metodo DEA come modello alternativo per valutare alcuni aspetti della performance, vista la sua flessibilità in termini di dimensione e qualità dell’unità di analisi. Il principale punto di forza di questo modello è dato dal fatto che non richiede di predeterminare i pesi attribuiti alle componenti che determinano la performance (input e output), permettendo in tal modo una comparazione più oggettiva.

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DI, BUCCIO STEFANIA. « LA BONIFICA DELL¿AGEVOLAZIONE MAFIOSA NEL CAMPO IMPRENDITORIALE ATTRAVERSO I MODELLI DELLA PREVENZIONE MITE.IL METODO DELLA 'PROFILASSI ANTIMAFIA BY DESIGN' ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/860306.

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The PHD thesis entitled: Soft prevention models as a remediation tool for mafia facilitation in the entrepreneurial field. The method of "antimafia compliance by design" analyzes the networks between mafia and economy, trying to identify the mimetic forms of adaptation of the mafia entrepreneur in the area of the legal economy. The selected qualitative research method is based on sociological-legal analysis, that was used to investigate the tools of patrimonial aggression of criminal assets created by Italian legislation to counter the infiltration of the mafia into the economy. The prevention tools of articles 34 and 34 bis of the Anti-Mafia Code were selected, among all criminal and administrative instruments, because they were considered the most suitable to operate on the criminal contamination of the company in a surgical manner, protecting the work and the value of the healthy companies. The sociological-legal effectiveness of these tools was analyzed through the study of 16 cases sampled based on the geographic survey and on the variables of the reference economic sector. At the end of the analysis, the author proposes a “compliance by design model” dedicated to the prevention of mafia infiltration into the economy, according to the canons of business ethics.

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PESCE, ANTONIO. « ESSAY ON ECONOMIC CYCLES IN EMERGING AND ADVANCED COUNTRIES:SYNCHRONIZATION, INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVERS AND THE DECOUPLING HYPOTHESIS ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/4375.

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Questo lavoro contribuisce al dibattito sul “decoupling delle Economie emergenti (EE) rispetto alle Economie Avanzate (EA)” rispondendo principalmente alle seguenti domande: “La vulnerabilità delle EE a schock esterni (siano essi reali o del credito) provenienti dalle EA è cambiata nel tempo? E’ cresciuta o si è ridotta, come implica l’ipotesi del decoupling?” Al fine di misurare l’impatto che un eventuale schock esterno avrebbe esercitato sulle EE in diversi periodi degli ultimi decenni, sono stati eseguiti esperimenti di analisi controfattuale utilizzando un modello econometrico Time Varying Panel VAR con coefficienti fattorizzati. Le analisi mostrano che negli ultimi trenta anni le EE sono diventate meno vulnerabili a shock provenienti dalle EA, siano essi di natura reale o shock del credito. Sebbene questo risultato supporti l’idea del decoupling, è importante notare che la resilienza delle EE a shock esterni è evoluta nel tempo in maniera non progressiva ma piuttosto evidenziando fasi di più forte resilienza seguite da fasi di minore resilienza e vice versa; un “sentiero a onde” non ancora pienamente considerato nella letteratura economica. Le EE sono inoltre risultate più vulnerabili a shock del credito rispetto a shock reali; questa maggiore vulnerabilità relativa ha raggiunto il suo picco negli anni più recenti.
This work aims to contribute towards the debate on “decoupling of Emerging Economies (EEs) from the Advanced Economies (AEs)” by addressing the following main questions: “Has the EEs’ vulnerability to external shocks (both real and credit shocks) coming from AEs changed over time? If so, has it grown or decreased, as the decoupling hypothesis claims?” In order to measure the impact that external shocks would have on the EEs’ GDP growth in different periods of last decades, counterfactual experiments were performed using an econometric Time Varying Panel VAR model with factorized coefficients. The analyses show that over the last thirty years EEs have become less vulnerable to shocks spreading from the AEs. Despite this represents evidence in favour of the decoupling hypothesis, it is important to note that EEs’ resilience to external shocks has changed in a non-progressive manner over time, with phases of greater resilience followed by others of lower resilience, and vice versa; this outlines a “wave-like” path whose evidence has yet been fully analyzed in the economic literature. Moreover, the EEs have shown to be more vulnerable to credit shocks than to real ones; this greater relative vulnerability has reached its peak in the most recent years.

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PESCE, ANTONIO. « ESSAY ON ECONOMIC CYCLES IN EMERGING AND ADVANCED COUNTRIES:SYNCHRONIZATION, INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVERS AND THE DECOUPLING HYPOTHESIS ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/4375.

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Questo lavoro contribuisce al dibattito sul “decoupling delle Economie emergenti (EE) rispetto alle Economie Avanzate (EA)” rispondendo principalmente alle seguenti domande: “La vulnerabilità delle EE a schock esterni (siano essi reali o del credito) provenienti dalle EA è cambiata nel tempo? E’ cresciuta o si è ridotta, come implica l’ipotesi del decoupling?” Al fine di misurare l’impatto che un eventuale schock esterno avrebbe esercitato sulle EE in diversi periodi degli ultimi decenni, sono stati eseguiti esperimenti di analisi controfattuale utilizzando un modello econometrico Time Varying Panel VAR con coefficienti fattorizzati. Le analisi mostrano che negli ultimi trenta anni le EE sono diventate meno vulnerabili a shock provenienti dalle EA, siano essi di natura reale o shock del credito. Sebbene questo risultato supporti l’idea del decoupling, è importante notare che la resilienza delle EE a shock esterni è evoluta nel tempo in maniera non progressiva ma piuttosto evidenziando fasi di più forte resilienza seguite da fasi di minore resilienza e vice versa; un “sentiero a onde” non ancora pienamente considerato nella letteratura economica. Le EE sono inoltre risultate più vulnerabili a shock del credito rispetto a shock reali; questa maggiore vulnerabilità relativa ha raggiunto il suo picco negli anni più recenti.
This work aims to contribute towards the debate on “decoupling of Emerging Economies (EEs) from the Advanced Economies (AEs)” by addressing the following main questions: “Has the EEs’ vulnerability to external shocks (both real and credit shocks) coming from AEs changed over time? If so, has it grown or decreased, as the decoupling hypothesis claims?” In order to measure the impact that external shocks would have on the EEs’ GDP growth in different periods of last decades, counterfactual experiments were performed using an econometric Time Varying Panel VAR model with factorized coefficients. The analyses show that over the last thirty years EEs have become less vulnerable to shocks spreading from the AEs. Despite this represents evidence in favour of the decoupling hypothesis, it is important to note that EEs’ resilience to external shocks has changed in a non-progressive manner over time, with phases of greater resilience followed by others of lower resilience, and vice versa; this outlines a “wave-like” path whose evidence has yet been fully analyzed in the economic literature. Moreover, the EEs have shown to be more vulnerable to credit shocks than to real ones; this greater relative vulnerability has reached its peak in the most recent years.

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Birolo, Linda. « Proposta di un metodo per l'auto-valutazione dei Gruppi di Azione Locale (GAL) e dell'approccio leader nelle politiche di sviluppo regionale e rurale dell'unione europea ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423589.

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In the context of multi-level governance, the commitment to ensure effective and efficient management of resources for implementation of regional development and cohesion policies should involve all stakeholders at various tiers of decision making, from local public administrators to final beneficiaries. Making all aware of accurate control and greater transparency in the use of public resources, can help create a climate of trust between the administrators and citizens; reduce the bureaucratic burdens and give greater credibility to the results of public interventions. In this regard at local level, it is increasingly the need for assessment tools that provide decision-makers with better and more useful information also on projects of limited scale and activities concerning confined. Where it is possible through the involvement of the local population and all public and private bodies that are affected by territorial interventions. The Local Action Groups (LAGs) of the european initiative LEADER for the rural areas development have always been an active part in promoting the culture of cooperation and coordination and the empowerment of all economic and social components of a community to assess the outcome by EU structural founds' measures. This research aims to develop an operational tool to self-assessment by public-private partnerships (LAGs type) which allows them to control their strengths, their areas for improvement and the degree of satisfaction of stakeholders. The methodology developed in collaboration with GALs and other related subjects is intended to be simple and sustainable, in terms of human and financial resources so it ensures that good practices of self-control are incorporated in the daily activities of these organizations. The self-assessment system is oriented to a regular monitoring of the organization management with respect to seven key principles of "good governance": g-local sustainable development, effectiveness, efficiency, participation, transparency, accountability and capacity. Such checking can use a limited number of indicators that are flexible and according to needs, can be further refined independently by the organization itself. This system has been tested with LAG direct/indirect operators at Flanders (Belgium), Umbria and Veneto Regions. Self-assessment can help a single organization and its related bodies to approach the complexity of reality and to make appropriate use of increasingly limited resources. A constant and accurate analysis of information promotes knowledge and learning both inside and outside of the organization through the sharing of best practice and continuous dialogue with the various stakeholders. This instrument allow LAGs to measure the results achieved in local development for the loans obtained, also in relation to the expectations of the public and beneficiaries. In addition, these data of regular monitoring and internal control, are the first step in order to provide better information at local context, more readily understandable to citizens and more useful to take political decisions at various tiers of government. Future research could be directed to take up the challenge of identifying the desired values to associate with each indicator that we designed in order to elaborate quantitative or qualitative judgments from measures observed during the self-assessment
In un contesto di multi-level governance, l'impegno per assicurare una gestione efficace ed efficiente delle risorse destinate alla attuazione delle politiche per lo sviluppo e la coesione dei territori deve coinvolgere tutti gli attori, ai vari livelli decisionali, fino agli amministratori pubblici locali e ai beneficiari finali. Una generale sensibilizzazione verso un controllo accurato e una maggiore trasparenza dell'uso delle risorse pubbliche, può contribuire a creare un clima di fiducia tra gli amministratori e i cittadini, riducendo le barriere burocratiche e dando maggiore credibilità ai risultati degli interventi pubblici. A tal proposito nei contesti locali, emerge sempre più la necessità di disporre di strumenti di valutazione che forniscano informazioni più adeguate e più utili ai decisori anche su progetti di limitate dimensioni o degli interventi che riguardano aree circoscritte anche attraverso un coinvolgimento diretto, ove possibile, della popolazione locale e di tutti i soggetti pubblici e privati che sono in qualche modo "interessati". I Gruppi di Azione Locale (GAL) dei programmi europei LEADER per lo sviluppo delle aree rurali sono da sempre parte attiva nel promuovere la cultura della cooperazione e del coordinamento e la responsabilizzazione di tutte le componenti economiche e sociali di una comunità per una valutazione dell'esito degli interventi locali finanziati dai fondi strutturali europei. Questa ricerca si propone di elaborare uno strumento operativo di autodiagnosi a disposizione di partnership pubblico/private locali, del tipo dei GAL, che consenta loro di tenere sotto controllo i punti di forza, gli aspetti da migliorare nonché il grado di soddisfazione dei loro interlocutori nel territorio. La metodologia sviluppata in collaborazione con i GAL e altri soggetti ad essi afferenti vuole essere semplice e sostenibile, in termini di risorse umane e finanziarie, per far si che buone pratiche di autocontrollo siano incorporate nelle attività quotidiane di queste organizzazioni. Il sistema di autovalutazione predisposto consiste in un un regolare monitoraggio delle modalità di gestione di un'organizzazione rispetto a 7 principi chiave di "buona governance": sviluppo sostenibile g-locale; efficacia, efficienza; partecipazione, trasparenza, responsabilità e capacità. Per tale verifica sono utilizzabili un numero limitato di indicatori flessibili che possono essere ulteriormente perfezionati in modo autonomo dalla organizzazione stessa, secondo le proprie esigenze. Tale dispositivo è stato perfezionato e testato con degli operatori diretti o indiretti di GAL delle Regioni delle Fiandre (Belgio), Umbria e Veneto. L'Auto-valutazione può aiutare una singola organizzazione e i soggetti che con essa si relazionano ad avvicinarsi alla complessità della realtà e a utilizzare in modo appropriato risorse sempre più limitate. Una costante e puntuale analisi delle informazioni favorisce la conoscenza e l'apprendimento sia all'interno della organizzazione che all'esterno attraverso la condivisione di procedure e il continuo confronto con i diversi soggetti. Tale strumento consentirebbe ai GAL di misurare i risultati raggiunti nello sviluppo locale a fronte dei finanziamenti ottenuti, in relazione anche alle aspettative della popolazione e dei beneficiari. Inoltre queste misure di regolare monitoraggio e controllo interno, sono il primo passo per disporre di informazioni più adeguate ai contesti locali, più immediatamente comprensibili ai cittadini e più utili a prendere le decisioni politiche ai vari livelli di governo. Ricerche future potrebbero essere indirizzate a cogliere la sfida di individuare i valori desiderati associabili a ciascun indicatore del set da noi predisposto che consentano di pervenire a dei giudizi di valore quantitativo o qualitativo delle misure osservate nel corso dell'autovalutazione

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Almásy, Michael. « Accounting and economics : Influence of accounting methods on economic indicators ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72865.

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The way the economic reality is observed is essential in order to determine decision-making of economic subjects. The picture of economic reality drawn by accounting can be said to be either the true and fair, or biased. If the latter is the case, how much does that bias translate into the quality of economic decision-making? In summary, the paper analyzes whether accounting should provide the fair and true view whether it does, and how it affects the economic behavior when it does not on both micro-economic and macro-economic level. The arguments are built up on a logical structure rather taking a broader multidisciplinary approach to answer the previously stated questions.

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CAVALLI, LAURA. « Perchè non facciamo un altro figlio ? Implicazioni economiche delle intenzioni riproduttive individuali e di coppia in Italia tramite un approccio Mixed-Method ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/885.

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La presente tesi è un contributo allo studio delle implicazioni economiche delle intenzioni di fecondità e all’analisi degli aspetti economici legati ai processi decisionali riproduttivi. Precisamente la tesi, composta da tre capitoli indipendenti e basata su dati Italiani, si focalizza su donne, su individui che vivono in coppia e sulle coppie. In particolare lo studio mira a comprendere: i) l'interazione esistente tra il mercato del lavoro (con un focus particolare sul ruolo del settore occupazionale femminile) e le preferenze per la formazione della famiglia; ii) le influenze della ripartizione dei ruoli domestici all’interno della coppia sulle intenzioni riproduttive; iii) le determinanti (all’interno delle coppie) dell’accordo/disaccordo circa l'intenzione di diventare genitori una seconda volta, e -per coppie che registrano un disaccordo- iv) le determinanti che spingono una donna a contrastare l’intenzione positive del suo partner per un secondo figlio. La tesi utilizza il mixed-method design, una strategia basata sull’analisi quantitativa dei dati nonché sull’analisi approfondita di interviste: questo approccio consente di studiare l'argomento da diverse prospettive e -grazie ai due metodi di ricerca -quantitativo e qualitativo- di approfondire le conoscenze del fenomeno di interesse.
The thesis is a contribution to the study of the economic implications of fertility intentions and desires and of the economic aspects of the fertility decision making process. Precisely, it is based on three autonomous chapters and it aims at understanding: a) for women and for individuals within the couples the interplay between fertility and labour market preferences (with a particular focus on the role of women's sector of employment), and the influences that the (un)balanced division of domestic duties play on the intentions of becoming parents for another time in Italy; b) for couples living together the determinants of their (dis)agreement about the intention of becoming parents again; and c) for couples that disagree on future fertility plans, the determinants of female’s contrasting attitude towards her partners’ positive fertility intention. The dissertation uses a mixed-method design- a strategy based on survey data analysis as well as in-depth interviews analysis: this approach allows investigating the topic from different perspectives, by means of both quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to provide new insights into the phenomenon of interest.

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CAVALLI, LAURA. « Perchè non facciamo un altro figlio ? Implicazioni economiche delle intenzioni riproduttive individuali e di coppia in Italia tramite un approccio Mixed-Method ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/885.

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La presente tesi è un contributo allo studio delle implicazioni economiche delle intenzioni di fecondità e all’analisi degli aspetti economici legati ai processi decisionali riproduttivi. Precisamente la tesi, composta da tre capitoli indipendenti e basata su dati Italiani, si focalizza su donne, su individui che vivono in coppia e sulle coppie. In particolare lo studio mira a comprendere: i) l'interazione esistente tra il mercato del lavoro (con un focus particolare sul ruolo del settore occupazionale femminile) e le preferenze per la formazione della famiglia; ii) le influenze della ripartizione dei ruoli domestici all’interno della coppia sulle intenzioni riproduttive; iii) le determinanti (all’interno delle coppie) dell’accordo/disaccordo circa l'intenzione di diventare genitori una seconda volta, e -per coppie che registrano un disaccordo- iv) le determinanti che spingono una donna a contrastare l’intenzione positive del suo partner per un secondo figlio. La tesi utilizza il mixed-method design, una strategia basata sull’analisi quantitativa dei dati nonché sull’analisi approfondita di interviste: questo approccio consente di studiare l'argomento da diverse prospettive e -grazie ai due metodi di ricerca -quantitativo e qualitativo- di approfondire le conoscenze del fenomeno di interesse.
The thesis is a contribution to the study of the economic implications of fertility intentions and desires and of the economic aspects of the fertility decision making process. Precisely, it is based on three autonomous chapters and it aims at understanding: a) for women and for individuals within the couples the interplay between fertility and labour market preferences (with a particular focus on the role of women's sector of employment), and the influences that the (un)balanced division of domestic duties play on the intentions of becoming parents for another time in Italy; b) for couples living together the determinants of their (dis)agreement about the intention of becoming parents again; and c) for couples that disagree on future fertility plans, the determinants of female’s contrasting attitude towards her partners’ positive fertility intention. The dissertation uses a mixed-method design- a strategy based on survey data analysis as well as in-depth interviews analysis: this approach allows investigating the topic from different perspectives, by means of both quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to provide new insights into the phenomenon of interest.

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Ip, Wai Cheung. « Bootstrap methods in econometrics ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292325.

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Al-Ali, Bilal Salah. « Asymptotic methods applied to problems in finance ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299324.

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Rosalino, Luis Fernando [UNESP]. « Perfil econômico e mudanças na estrutura produtiva das cidades médias paulistas ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96749.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal a elaboração de uma análise do perfil econômico e das possíveis mudanças na estrutura produtiva das cidades médias paulistas de Araçatuba, Bauru, Marília, Presidente Prudente e São José do Rio Preto, no período de 1994 a 2003, entendendo como perfil econômico a distribuição das atividades econômicas nas economias locais. A busca por esta temática está relacionada às mudanças ocorridas no meio de produção capitalista internacional no decorrer do século XX e às áreas que estas mudanças priorizaram. Estes processos impactam diretamente diversos níveis da produção e da circulação de mercadorias, priorizando localidades que ofereçam condições estruturais e conjunturais capazes de suprir as necessidades do processo produtivo que se desenha. As localidades selecionadas pelo capital são ou estão muito próximas às cidades mundiais, e/ou suas áreas metropolitanas. Outra motivação para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho foi a constatação de que as mudanças em curso não excluem, porém, não priorizam as cidades médias do Oeste paulista, que estão distantes da região metropolitana paulista, o que dificulta a observação dos desdobramentos produtivos que os teóricos das mudanças no meio de produção apontam para as áreas metropolitanas.
The research has as mean objective the elaboration of an analysis of the economic profile and of the possible changes in the productive structure of the medium cities from São Paulo State, that is, Araçatuba, Bauru, Marília, Presidente Prudente e São José do Rio Preto, in the period from 1994 to 2003, understanding as economic profile the distribution of the economic activities in the local economy. The search for this theme is related to the changes that happened in the international capitalist mean of production in the elapsing of the twentieth century and to the areas that these changes prioritized. These processes impact directly many levels of the production and of the merchandise circulation, prioritizing localities that offer structural and of the situation conditions able to supply the needs of the productive process that it is drawn. The localities selected by the capital are very close to the world cities or their 6 metropolitan areas. Another motivation to the development of this work was the verification that the changes in course do no exclude, however, do not prioritize the medium cities of the West from São Paulo State that are far from São Paulo State metropolitan areas, that hinders the observation of the productive splitting that the mean of production changes theoretical ones indicate to the metropolitan areas.

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Blake, James Murray. « Method or madness ? : a contextual approach to researching environmental values ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325010.

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21

Lee, Keon Hyok. « Industrial policy in the Republic of Korea : an assessment using cost-benefit methods ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1212/.

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The identification of the appropriate role for government is a crucial element in the formulation of economic policy for developing countries. During the 1940s and 1950s the balance of opinion rested firmly in favour of substantial intervention, but over the 1960s and 1970s the balance shifted in what Little describes as the "neoclassical resurgence". In the important debate between the proponents of free markets and the supporters of government intervention, South Korea has been a major battle ground. The neoclassical view, which is currently enjoying some prominance, is that the Korean economic miracle happened because government intervention was in some sense 'neutral' and so something approximating free markets was allowed to prevail. In this thesis, we argue that policy incentives in Korea were not 'self-neutralising' and were contributory to Korean economic growth and development. First, we show that government intervention during the 1960s and 1970s was greater and more distortionary that some participants in the "neoclassical resurgence" might allow. Second, we show that government intervention was 'well-directed' in the sense that policy incentives were provided to those sectors with the greatest potential for economic development. One way in which we assess industrial policy involves the use of shadow prices and the concept of social profitability. If shadow prices are defined as the social opportunity cost of goods, then a change in the allocation of resources can only be socially beneficial if profits calculated using shadow prices are positive. We capture an emphasis on growth through a social welfare function with appropriate weights on certain incomes. We also assess whether the promotion of heavy and chemical industries was justified on infant industry grounds using productivity-related tests and revealed comparative advantage. Lastly, the method based on shadow prices and social profitability is adapted to study the current policy problem of trade imbalances with the US and Japan. We show that the imbalances are mainly by-products of export-led growth and that some 'selectivity' in the policies of export restraints vis-a-vis the US and localisation vis-a-vis Japan may be necessary to minimise the social cost of reducing the trade imbalances.

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Collado-Vindel, Maria Dolores. « Dynamic econometric models for cohort and panel data : methods and applications to life-cycle consumption ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2829/.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze dynamic models for cohort and panel data, with special emphasis in the applications to life-cycle consumption. In the second chapter of the thesis we analyze the estimation of dynamic models from time-series of independent cross-sections. The population is divided in groups with fixed membership (cohorts) and the cohort sample means are used as a panel subject to measurement errors. We propose measurement error corrected estimators and we analyze their asymptotic properties. We also calculate the asymptotic biases of the non-corrected estimators to check up to what extent the measurement error correction is needed. Finally, we carry out Monte Carlo simulations to get an idea of the performance of our estimators in finite samples. The purpose of the second part is to test the life-cycle permanent income hypothesis using an unbalanced panel from the Spanish family expenditure survey. The model accounts for aggregate shocks and within period non-separability in the Euler equation among consumption goods, contrary to most of the literature in this area. The results do not indicate excess sensitivity of consumption growth to income. In the last chapter, we specify a system of nonlinear intertemporal (or Frisch) demands. Our choice of specification is based on seven criteria for such systems. These criteria are in terms of consistency with the theory, flexibility and econometric tractability. Our specification allows us to estimate a system of exact Euler equations in contrast to the usual practice in the literature. We then estimate the system on Spanish panel data. This is the first time that a Frisch demand system has been estimated on panel data. We do not reject any of the restrictions derived from theory. Our results suggest strongly that the intertemporal substitution elasticity is well determined.

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Rhodes, Bruce David. « Loss aversion, the Hanemann hypothesis and elicitation effects : experimental investigations into the contingent valuation method ». Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300071.

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Wu, Andrew Man Kit. « Efficient lattice methods for pricing interest rate options and other derivative securities under stochastic volatility ». Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248776.

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Rosalino, Luis Fernando. « Perfil econômico e mudanças na estrutura produtiva das cidades médias paulistas / ». Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96749.

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Orientador: Eliseu Savério Sposito
Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo
Banca: William Ribeiro da Silva
Resumo: A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal a elaboração de uma análise do perfil econômico e das possíveis mudanças na estrutura produtiva das cidades médias paulistas de Araçatuba, Bauru, Marília, Presidente Prudente e São José do Rio Preto, no período de 1994 a 2003, entendendo como perfil econômico a distribuição das atividades econômicas nas economias locais. A busca por esta temática está relacionada às mudanças ocorridas no meio de produção capitalista internacional no decorrer do século XX e às áreas que estas mudanças priorizaram. Estes processos impactam diretamente diversos níveis da produção e da circulação de mercadorias, priorizando localidades que ofereçam condições estruturais e conjunturais capazes de suprir as necessidades do processo produtivo que se desenha. As localidades selecionadas pelo capital são ou estão muito próximas às cidades mundiais, e/ou suas áreas metropolitanas. Outra motivação para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho foi a constatação de que as mudanças em curso não excluem, porém, não priorizam as cidades médias do Oeste paulista, que estão distantes da região metropolitana paulista, o que dificulta a observação dos desdobramentos produtivos que os teóricos das mudanças no meio de produção apontam para as áreas metropolitanas.
Abstract: The research has as mean objective the elaboration of an analysis of the economic profile and of the possible changes in the productive structure of the medium cities from São Paulo State, that is, Araçatuba, Bauru, Marília, Presidente Prudente e São José do Rio Preto, in the period from 1994 to 2003, understanding as economic profile the distribution of the economic activities in the local economy. The search for this theme is related to the changes that happened in the international capitalist mean of production in the elapsing of the twentieth century and to the areas that these changes prioritized. These processes impact directly many levels of the production and of the merchandise circulation, prioritizing localities that offer structural and of the situation conditions able to supply the needs of the productive process that it is drawn. The localities selected by the capital are very close to the world cities or their 6 metropolitan areas. Another motivation to the development of this work was the verification that the changes in course do no exclude, however, do not prioritize the medium cities of the West from São Paulo State that are far from São Paulo State metropolitan areas, that hinders the observation of the productive splitting that the mean of production changes theoretical ones indicate to the metropolitan areas.
Mestre

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Pérez-Mares, Marco Alejandro. « On the Economic Effects of Policy Responsiveness : The Role of Candidate Selection for General Elections ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/34.

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Policy responsiveness to the demands of the whole is important because it is a determinant of growth and development: Institutions that make governments more inclusive favor economic progress and factors that make governments more exclusive inhibit prosperity. Growth-enhancing policies likely to please the citizenry include policies that ensure the prevalence of the rule of law, policies that protect property and intellectual rights, and policies that foster competition, access and the perfection of markets. In contrast, growth-retarding policies likely to initiate from the representation efforts of politicians advancing narrow concerns include infringement on property rights, diffuse patent legislation, regulation to rise some price or wage, regulation blocking the entry into specific markets, official protection to monopolistic markets and adoption of legal barriers against international competition. If policy responsiveness to the interests of the whole favors economic affluence, what political institutions matter for the advancement of wide-encompassing interests through the policy making process? This dissertation examines the idea that the incentives provided by the intra-party candidate selection methods are crucial in order to understand the politicians' representation efforts. Expressly, increasing participation and democratization of the intra-party nomination process increase the incumbent's propensity to represent wide-encompassing interests and adopt policies that favor economic affluence. In contrast, elite-centered nomination methods decrease the incumbent's incentive to be politically responsive to the interests of the whole in favor of the representation of narrow concerns that often demand policies that benefit the group at the expense of overall economic growth. Empirically, the idea that aspirants to party tickets must first respond to the demands of those with the power to add their names to the electoral ballot finds robust support. In the developed world, candidate nomination appears largely informed by inclusive and democratic practices. Quite the opposite, in the less-developed world events of intraparty participatory politics are for the most part absent, with nomination decisions often monopolized by national party leaders and local party bosses.

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Low, Hamish Wallace. « Simulation methods and economic analysis ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392495.

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Baiocchi, Giovanni. « Economic applications of nonparametric methods ». Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14117/.

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This thesis deals with the subject of nonparametric methods, focusing on application to economic issues. Chapter 2 introduces the basic nonparametric methods underlying the applications in the subsequent chapters. In Chapter 3 we propose some basic standards to improve the use and reporting of nonparametric methods in the statistics and economics literature for the purpose of accuracy and reproducibility. We make recommendations on four aspects of the application of nonparametric methods: computational practice, published reporting, numerical accuracy, and visualization. In Chapter 4 we investigate the effect of life-cycle factors and other demographic characteristics on income inequality in the UK. Two conditional inequality measures are derived from estimating the cumulative distribution function of household income, conditional upon a broad set of explanatory variables. Estimation of the distribution is carried out using a semiparametric approach. The proposed inequality estimators are easily interpretable and are shown to be consistent. Our results indicate the importance of interfamily differences in the analysis of income distribution. In addition, our estimation procedure uncovers higher-order properties of the income distribution and non-linearities of its moments that cannot be captured by means of a "standard" parametric approach. Several features of the conditional distribution of income are highlighted. Chapter 5 we reexamine the relationship between openness to trade and the environment, controlling for economic development, in order to identify the presence of multiple regimes in the cross-country pollution-economic relationship. We first identify the presence of multiple regimes by using specification tests which entertain a single regime model as the null hypothesis. Then we develop an easily interpretable measure, based on an original application of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, of the impact on the environment due to differences in regimes. Finally we apply a nonparametric recursive partitioning algorithm to endogenously identify various regimes. Our conclusions are threefold. First, we reject the null hypothesis that all countries obey a common linear model. Second, we find that quantitatively regime differences can have a significant impact. Thirdly, by using regression tree analysis we find subsets of countries which appear to possess very different environmental/economic relationships. In Chapter 6 investigate the existence of the so called environmental kuznets curve (EKC), the inverted-U shaped relationship between income and pollution, using nonparametric regression and a threshold regression methods. We find support for threshold models that lead to different reduced-form relationships between environmental quality and economic activity when early stages of economic growth are contrasted with later stages, There is no evidence of a common inverted U-shaped environment/economy relationship that all country follow as they grow. We also find that changes that might benefit the environment occur at much higher levels of income than those implied by standard models. Our findings support models in which improvements are a consequence of the deliberate introduction of policies addressing environmental concerns. Moreover, we find evidence that countries with low-income levels have a far greater variability in emissions per capita than high-income countries. This has the implication that it may be more difficult to predict emission levels for low-income countries approaching the turning point. A summary of the main findings and further research directions are presented in Chapter 7 and in Chapter 8, respectively.

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Bezsmertna, Julia. « Modern methods of economic forecasting ». Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14350.

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St, Aubyn Miguel Pedro Brito. « Evaluating tests for convergence of economic series using Monte Carlo methods with an application to real GDP's per head ». Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338427.

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Fonseca, Camila Veneo Campos 1988. « A influência da adesão aos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa sobre a estrutura de capital das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto (2000 ¿ 2013) ». [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286529.

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Orientadores: Rodrigo Lanna Franco da Silveira, Celio Hiratuka
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O reduzido acesso ao financiamento externo, particularmente o de longo prazo, é um dos principais problemas do ambiente corporativo brasileiro. Os conflitos de agência e a existência de informação assimétrica nas transações efetivadas no mercado financeiro resultam em um maior custo de capital e no racionamento do crédito, sendo estes proporcionais ao grau de desconfiança dos investidores. A adoção de melhores práticas de governança corporativa pelas empresas, como o comprometimento com a transparência das informações divulgadas e a vigência de sistemas mais eficientes de proteção aos acionistas minoritários e credores, ao implicar redução do custo de capital, amplia o papel exercido pelo mercado na captação de recursos para o investimento, mitigando o problema do financiamento empresarial. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a possível influência da adesão aos níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa da Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros (BM&FBOVESPA) sobre o montante e o perfil do endividamento das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto no período entre 2000 e 2013. Para atingir o objetivo acima exposto, o estudo fez uso de técnicas econométricas baseadas em dados em painel. Os parâmetros do modelo empírico foram estimados pelo Método dos Momentos Generalizado Sistêmico (GMM-Sis). Os resultados do teste econométrico corroboram as hipóteses da pesquisa, ou seja, a governança corporativa é relevante na determinação do nível de endividamento das empresas brasileiras, exercendo um efeito positivo sobre o acesso aos recursos de terceiros. Além disso, empresas reconhecidas pela adoção de melhores práticas de governança têm alterado o perfil do seu endividamento, sendo privilegiadas na captação de recursos de longo prazo. Conclui-se que a governança corporativa é um fator chave no debate sobre os determinantes da estrutura de capital no Brasil uma vez que modifica não somente o montante, mas o perfil de endividamento das empresas comprometidas com a implementação de melhores práticas
Abstract: The reduced access to finance, particularly the long-term one, is one of the main problems of the Brazilian corporate environment. Agency conflicts and the existence of asymmetric information in financial markets results in higher cost of capital and credit rationing, which are proportional to the degree of investors distrust. The adoption of best practices of corporate governance by enterprises - such as better disclosure and efficient systems of investor protection -, results in a reduced cost of capital, expands the role played by the market in raising funds for investment, and mitigates the problem of business financing. The objective of this study is to verify the possible influence of adherence to different levels of corporate governance on the amount and profile of the debt contract by Brazilian public companies during 2000-2013 period. The study adopts econometric methods based on panel data models to explore the impact of corporate governance on corporate capital structure of Brazilian companies. The parameters of the models were estimated using a Systemic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-Sys). The results of the econometric tests corroborate the hypotheses of the research - corporate governance is relevant in determining the level of indebtedness of Brazilian companies. ln addition, companies recognized by the adoption of best corporate governance practices have changed the profile of its debt, being privileged in the long-term fundraising. ln conclusion, corporate governance is a key factor in the debate about the determinants of capital structure in Brazil since it modifies not only the amount, but also the profile of indebtedness of companies committed to implementing best practices
Mestrado
Ciências Economicas
Mestra em Ciências Econômicas

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Meznik, Ivan. « On Economic Interpretation of Lagrange Multipliers ». Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-82883.

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Arica, Chavez Jose Ramon. « Calculo de equilibrios economicos por metodos homotopicos ». [s.n.], 1987. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307354.

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Orientador : Jose Antonio Scaramucci
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Científica
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Resumo: Não informado.
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Matemática Aplicada

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Oliveira, Tiago Kramer de. « Desconstruindo velhos mapas, revelando espacializações : a economia colonial no centro da América do Sul (primeira metade do século XVIII) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-15042013-115015/.

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Esta tese apresenta um estudo sobre a espacialização da economia colonial nas minas do Cuiabá e do Mato Grosso, no centro da América do Sul, na primeira metade do século XVIII. No primeiro capítulo procuramos demonstrar como algumas interpretações e imagens recorrentes a respeito da economia colonial reproduzida nos territórios que formariam a capitania de Mato Grosso, impõem-se aos indícios documentais e são reproduzidas sem o questionamento sobre os pressupostos que as sustentam. No segundo capítulo, definimos nosso posicionamento teórico e metodológico em relação aos documentos cartográficos. No terceiro capítulo analisamos mapas classificados como sertanistas. Demonstramos que uma análise dos rústicos mapas do sertanismo revela uma lógica da expansão das conquistas territoriais portuguesas distante das interpretações consagradas sobre estes mapas. No quarto capítulo reconstruímos o processo de formação de ambientes rurais na primeira década de colonização portuguesa nas minas do Cuiabá, revelando a estruturação de uma estrutura fundiária diversificada voltada para o comércio e o mercado interno. No quinto capítulo analisamos a relação entre as práticas administrativas e a espacialização da economia colonial. No sexto capítulo, procuramos relacionar a espacialização da economia no centro da América do Sul às transformações da economia na primeira metade do século XVIII, em diversas escalas.
This thesis present a study about the spatialization of the colonial economy in the mines of Cuiabá and of Mato Grosso, in the center of South America in the first half of the eighteenth century. In the first chapter we demonstrate how some recurring images and interpretations about the economy reproduced in the colonial territories that would form the captaincy of Mato Grosso, are imposed regarding the documental evidences and are reproduced without questioning the assumptions that underpin them. In the second chapter, we defined our theoretical and methodological positioning in relation to cartographic documents. In the third chapter we analyze maps classified as sertanistas. We demonstrate that an analysis of rustic maps of sertanismo reveals a logical of the Portuguese expansion distant of the interpretations consecrated about these maps. In the fourth chapter we reconstruct the process of formation of rural environments in the first decade of colonization in the mines of Cuiabá, revealing the structuring a diversified land structure facing the trade and the internal market. In the fifth chapter we analyze the relationship between and administrative practices and the colonial economy spacialization. In the sixth chapter, we relate the economy spacialization at the center of South America with the transformations of the economy in the first half of the eighteenth century, in various scales.

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Rutkauskienė, Ugnė. « Public libraries‘ social and economic impact on users ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091228_152902-38031.

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The object of the dissertation is the impact of public libraries on users. The research is aiming at answering the question what is the impact of library public access computing on users and how can we evaluate it. The objectives of the dissertation are solved in three parts. The first part discusses definitions of impact, theoretical models and frameworks of its assessment and reviews the literature on impact evaluation in librarianship, highlighting the similarities and differences of general impact assessment concept and its adoption in librarianship. The second part presents the methodology of empirical study including target groups, methods, sampling, data collection and analyses. The third part describes study results which are summarized in the conclusions. The annexes provide additional information on research methodology as well as the extended results and research instruments.
Disertacijos objektas yra viešųjų bibliotekų poveikis vartotojams. Moksliniu tyrimu yra sprendžiamas klausimas kokį poveikį vieša interneto prieiga per viešąsias bibliotekas daro vartotojams ir bendruomenėms ir kaip jis galėtų būti įvertinamas. Iškeltą problemą sprendžiantys uždaviniai įgyvendinami trijose disertacijos dalyse. Pirmojoje dalyje atskleidžiama poveikio samprata ir pristatomi jo vertinimo teoriniai modeliai bei apžvelgiami užsienio autorių bibliotekininkystės srityje atlikti poveikio vertinimo tyrimai, išryškinami panašumai ir skirtumai tarp bendrosios poveikio vertinimo teorijos ir jos taikymo bibliotekų poveikio vertinimui. Antrojoje dalyje pateikiama empirinio tyrimo metodologija: išsamiai pristatoma tyrimo metodika, pagrindžiamas metodų pasirinkimas, aptariamas tyrimo dizainas ir vykdymas bei išdavos. Trečiojoje dalyje pristatomi tyrimo rezultatai, kurie apibendrinami išvadose. Prieduose pateikiamas išplėstinis tyrimo metodikos taikymo aprašymas, pateikiami papildomi empirinio tyrimo duomenys ir jų rinkimo instrumentai.

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Sakondhavat, Arnunchanog. « Understanding poverty dynamics using a mixed-method study : evidence from the rural village in the northeast and central regions of Thailand ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/46488/.

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This study is one of the first attempts to understand the long-term mechanisms of poverty dynamics at the household level in rural villages in Thailand. It does so by identifying dynamic patterns of poverty and by examining the factors and processes that underlie poverty dynamics in two major rice production regions of Thailand, namely, Khon Kaen province in the Northeast, Thailand's poorest region, and Suphanburi province in the Central plain, one of the richest regions of the country. The study is based on a survey of a panel of 240 households that were originally interviewed in 1988, and followed and interviewed again in 2009 for the purpose of this longitudinal study. The contrast between the survey areas is deliberate and has been useful for comparing economic and social structural changes of rural households across two decades, as well as examining disparities in the opportunities and resources between the two regions. In order to capture the complex and multidimensional nature of poverty, the study combines quantitative and qualitative methods in the analysis of poverty dynamics in Thailand. A quantitative survey analysis was merged with qualitative assessments by using the same sampling frame and then sequentially integrating life history interviews. The results show that both quantitative and qualitative approaches provide similar patterns of poverty transition. Notably, the study has found that the proportions of households moving into and out of poverty were higher than those remaining in chronic poverty, similarly to most experiences of poverty mobility in other developing countries. In addition, the study demonstrates the benefits of using a mixed-method approach for examining the factors underlying poverty dynamics. The study argues that combining these two approaches provides a richer insight of how rural households' economic, social and demographic characteristics have been associated with poverty dynamics. A number of similar factors that influence households' poverty dynamics were identified in both quantitative and qualitative approaches. These include asset factors, demographic factors and employment factors. However, the qualitative approach has provided further insight into additional contextual factors and processes not easily identified by the quantitative approach, notably the impact of ill-health shocks and behavioural factors. Understanding the distinction between the patterns of poverty dynamics and the mechanisms explaining them is of crucial importance for policy interventions. The implications derived from this study of poverty dynamics seek to strengthen poverty reduction efforts in Thailand, as well as to derive useful lessons to other developing countries.

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Boronos, V., et Zh Pronikova. « Economic analysis methods motivation to practice environmental performance of economic entities ». Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40711.

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Today, the dynamic development of the world economy leads to an aggravation of the ecological situation. Climate change, water shortage, soil erosion, genetic and electromagnetic pollution and so lead to the fact that countries and the international community have to find new ways to reduce ekodestruktyvnoho human impact on nature. In this regard, each state independently develops methods for greening business.

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PERUCCA, GIOVANNI. « RELIABILITY OF STATED PREFERENCE METHODS ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/153780.

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Many times governments and policy makers have to choose among different projects or policies to implement. In principle, the best choice is the one which maximizes the social welfare that, in turn, depends on individual preferences. But very often preferences are unknown and even not observable. In practice, a common procedure is to directly ask a sample of individuals about their preferences, which are therefore stated by agents rather than revealed by their behaviour. Methods for preference revelation can be classified into two broad families. The first one involves the case in which respondents are asked to simulate their market behaviour in a fictitious context designed by the researcher. The final goal of these studies is the estimation of willingness to pay (WTP), or willingness to accept (WTA), for changes in provision of non-market goods. A large literature investigates both theoretical issues connected with these procedures (Bates, 1988) and empirical results from country experiences (Mackie at al., 2003). The second family of surveys are commonly employed in public opinion analysis. In this case respondents are asked to reveal their current attitudes, whilst in some circumstances they are required to state their satisfaction with a certain policy or service. In the last decades the interest towards such analysis largely increased and a broad amount of surveys have been systematically collected (Rabin, 2002). Whatever the kind of analysis, when individuals correctly report the behaviour they would keep in a real context, or honestly admit their attitudes and perceptions, the target of the policy maker is reached. Hence, the issue of reliability of stated preferences becomes crucial in order to understand what we can learn from surveys and how SP analysis can be exploited by policy makers. Our research question is simply the following one: can we trust in SP methods? In order to answer this question the work is organised in three sections. The first one is devoted to the definition of the concept of “reliability”. In the first place, the latter depends on the family of SP methods we are dealing with. When individuals are required to replicate their market behaviour in a fictitious scenario, two perspectives can be applied: the first one based on mainstream economic theory (Hicks and Allen, 1934) and the other one in accordance to the so called behavioural programme (Sunstein and Thaler, 2008). Both approaches are discussed, pointing out the problematic issues which characterise each methodology and trying to propose a definition for the concept of reliability. The second family of surveys can be classified into two sub-groups, based on the object of the analysis. The first group includes all situations where agents are required to reveal their actual behaviour (Bertrand and Mullainathan, 2001) while the second one is composed by those studies in which agents are asked to express their feelings or perceptions about a certain aspect of their life (McFadden et al. 2005). Again, the concept of reliability has been investigated for each group of surveys. The second and the third sections are devoted to empirical works which try, recalling the definition of reliability suggested in the first chapter, to apply this concept to empirical studies.

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Facchin, Giovanni <1993&gt. « Metodi Innovativi per il credit rating ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16998.

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Ci si è chiesti come le banche concedono il credito e quali siano le determinanti per erogare un finanziamento. A tale fine si è posto l’accento sui modelli per il credit scoring che si avvalgono di una procedura automatizzata delle informazioni del cliente, assegnandogli uno score che riflette la sua affidabilità creditizia. Tali sistemi vengono usati negli affidamenti retail, corporate e small business. La maggior parte di essi usano variabili o criteri finanziari che possono essere raggruppati in 5 categorie( solvibilità a breve e lungo termine, utilizzazione, profittabilità, leva finanziaria e performance). Vengono prese in considerazione le tecniche classiche e innovative del credit scoring e si pone particolare accento ai modelli di riferimento(modello logit basato sulla distribuzione logistica, l’analisi discriminante e l’approccio multicriteriale). Un accenno generale viene fatto alle normative quadro di Basilea applicate a livello globale, prestando particolare attenzione ai tre pilastri di Basilea II e all’introduzione del metodo dei rating interni, IRB. In risposta alla grave crisi finanziaria, il Comitato ha ideato una nuova normativa denominata Basilea III per promuovere un settore bancario più sicuro attraverso regole più stringenti per quanto riguarda il capitale globale e le regole di liquidità. Recentemente il Comitato ha introdotto una riforma della normativa precedente (Basilea III) denominata Basilea IV. Questa riforma, la cui realizzazione era inizialmente prevista per il 2019, entrerà in vigore a partire dal 1 Gennaio 2022 modificando ulteriormente l’applicazione del metodo dei rating interni con l’IRB 2.0. Mi soffermerò in particolar modo su una tecnica innovativa da applicare su un campione di aziende di interesse per comprendere se quest’ultima potrà essere un punto focale per il calcolo del rating da parte delle banche. Avrò così modo di valutare l’adeguatezza di tale modello di scoring.

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Souza, Petain Avila de. « Metodos de avaliação economica de projetos de explotação mineral ». [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287567.

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Orientador: Saul Barisnik Suslick
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho é o estudo dos métodos quantitativos usados no processo decisório da avaliação econômica de projetos de investimentos, do ponto de vista empresarial, visando o aproveitamento de jazidas minerais. O texto aprofunda as discussões sobre os pontos chaves do tema proposto e procura, de forma simples e acessível, esclarecer os aspectos cruciais de cada questão levantada. No capítulo inicial são apresentados os conceitos básicos de fluxo de caixa e de cálculo financeiro e os impactos resultantes da tributação nos projetos de mineração. O tema central está contido nos dois capítulos subseqüentes, onde cada método de avaliação é descrito, aplicado e comentado o seu emprego nas tomadas de decisão relativas às seguintes situações: aceitar/rejeitar um projeto isolado; selecionar "o melhor" (o mais atrativo) de um grupo de projetos mutuamente excludentes com horizontes iguais ou diferentes; e, escolher uma combinação ótima de alternativas independentes considerando haver restrição orçamentária. O capítulo a seguir apresenta a análise de sensibilidade como instrumento de identificação das variáveis estratégicas de um projeto. Finalmente, o último capítulo descreve a análise de risco mediante o emprego da técnica analítica e da simulação de Monte Carlo, como forma de enriquecimento dos resultados da avaliação econômica
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation involves the study of quantitative methods applied to decision-making process for economic evaluation of investments aiming the availability of mineral resources. The text covers the key aspects of the mentioned subject and explains in simple form ali the necessary topics of mine evaluation. The first chapter presents the basic concepts of cash-flow, time value for the evaluation investment alternatives and the effect of taxation on mining properties and operations. The main part describes each evaluation method and their application, which was discussed under the decision-making environment of the following aspects: accept/reject an isolated project, select 'the best' project from a cluster of muttually exclusive projects with different or equal productive life and choose an optimal combination of independent alternatives based upon budget restrictions. The next chapter presents the sensitivity analysis as a tool for identification of strategic variables. Finally, the last chapter describes the risk analysis based upon of analytical technique and the Monte Carlo simulation in order to achieve better and richer results for economic evaluation
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências

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Bigatello, Elena <1987&gt. « "big data:organizzazione e metodi" ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3760.

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A partire da un'analisi relativa all'ambito social del web,con particolare attenzione al fenomeno del social commerce,questa tesi si propone di affrontare le tematiche relative alla trattazione dei dati derivanti dalle attività online e piu in generale dei Big Data.E sopratutto si cercherà di illustrare attraverso quali processi e figure le imprese possono utilizzare i Big Data come fattore strategico per la creazione di valore e il raggiungimento di vantaggio competitivo all'interno del mercato.

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Chohaney, Michael L. « Spatial Dynamics : Theory and Methods with Application to the U.S. Economy ». University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo152541802692485.

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SILVA, Luiz Gonzaga Feijão da. « Impactos do REDD em uma economia camponesa amazônica : uma análise baseada em eficiência reprodutiva ». Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/3278.

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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar as possíveis influências do REDD na economia camponesa amazônica, no que se refere a sua produção e reprodução. Consolidada como uma das estruturas camponesas mais antigas do Brasil, a trajetória tecnológica agroflorestal (T2), estudada nessa pesquisa, vem manejando de forma sustentável, ao longo dos séculos, os territórios onde predomina na Amazônia. Os agentes camponeses têm uma economia impulsionada por uma racionalidade muito específica quanto a sua microeconomia e suas relações com o ambiente capitalista do mercado. Tais peculiaridades da economia exigem análises mais complexas, desqualificando grandezas socialmente estabelecidas, especialmente lucro e renda, como forma de mensurar mudanças nessas estruturas. A Inserção dos recursos monetários do REDD (recursos monetários externos a produção familiar) tem impactos distintos de acordo com o campo de padrão reprodutivo que caracteriza as unidades familiares, padrão esse definido utilizando-se essencialmente as grandezas que atendem os requisitos da racionalidade econômica dessas estruturas: a eficiência reprodutiva (h), o montante de trabalho disponível que atende apenas a reprodução simples (β) e o investimento potencial (i). Caso h esteja convergindo para β, ou seja, para o campo de crise, o REDD promoverá aumento do investimento potencial no curto prazo e da produção em longo prazo. Caso h esteja convergindo para h°=(2*β)/(1+β), ou seja, para o campo de excitação a investimentos, os recursos do REDD possibilitaram o incremento do investimento potencial (já o mais elevado entre os campos) no curto prazo e da produção a longo prazo de acordo com a idade da família. Caso h esteja convergindo para 1, ou seja, o campo de conforto, o REDD a longo prazo causará redução do investimento potencial, da h, da produção e aumentará a dependência de produtos industrializados, o que pode comprometer a longo prazo a reprodução nas unidades desse campo. As famílias que convergem para o campo de excitação a investimentos são a maioria na amostra. Outro resultado é a qualificação dos serviços providos pelos agentes do agrário amazônico, utilizando a noção de paradigma tecnológico por trás das trajetórias tecnológicas e dos % de emissões de GEE por trajetória tecnológica, o que proporcionaria um critério justo e eficiente para um futuro regime de REDD no Brasil e auxiliará na concretização do seu objetivo.
This dissertation aims to analyze the potential impacts of REDD in the Amazon peasant economy, considering its production and reproduction. Consolidated as one of the oldest structures peasants of Brazil, the technological trajectory agroforestry (T2), studied in this research, has been managing sustainably, for centuries, the territories where it predominates in the Amazon. The peasants agents have an economy driven by a very specific rationality as its microeconomics and their relations with the capitalist market environment. Such peculiarities of the economy require more complex analyzes, disqualifying greatnesses socially established, especially lucre and income as a way to measure changes in these structures. The insertion of the monetary resources of REDD (monetary resources external the family production) have different impacts accordance with the reproductive patterns field that characterizes the family units, this pattern defined using essentially the greatnesses that meet the requirements of economic rationality of such structures: If h is converging to β, namely, for the crisis field, REDD will promote increased in potential investment short-term and production long-term. If h is converging to h ° = (2 * β) / (1 + β), namely, for the excitation investments field, resources REDD allowed the increase of the potential investment (already the highest among the fields) short-term and production long-term according to the age of the family. If h is converging to 1, namely, the comfort field, REDD cause long-term reduction of potential investment, h, production and increase the dependency of industrialized products which may compromise long-term the reproduction units in this field. The families that converge to the excitation field investments are mostly in the sample. Other result is the qualification of services provided by agents of agrarian Amazon, using the notion of technological paradigm behind the technological trajectories and of the % GHG emissions by technological trajectory, which would provide a fair and efficient criterion for a future REDD regime in Brazil and will assist in achieving your objective.

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Wright, Davene. « Examining Methods Used to Evaluate the Cost-Effectiveness of Childhood Obesity Interventions ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10266.

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This dissertation examines methods used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of childhood obesity interventions in order to help decision-makers prioritize among competing health programs using standardized outcomes. Chapter 1 generates inputs for use in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of childhood obesity interventions. In Chapter 1.1, I use data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to predict expenditures associated with obesity in childhood and adolescence. I found that obese children and adolescents have significantly different expenditures than their normal weight counterparts. I conclude that exclusion of obesity-related medical expenditures can potentially undervalue the cost-effectiveness of interventions. In Chapter 1.2, I use data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development to examine the longitudinal trajectory of child weight. I derived probabilities of transitioning between weight classes that can be used in a decision-analytic model to extrapolate the effectiveness of childhood obesity interventions beyond childhood. I found that deviating from CDC BMI reference categories can more accurately capture the risk of future obesity. In Chapter 2, I evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a primary care-based obesity prevention program, High Five for Kids. Over two years, High Five for Kids was low-cost, but only marginally effective in reducing BMI. I used a decision analytic simulation model to extrapolate trial outcomes over a 10-year horizon, and found that in the long-term, primary care based obesity prevention was likely to be cost-effective relative to usual care. I also found that key methodological considerations can meaningfully influence the cost-effectiveness of childhood obesity interventions. In Chapter 3, I develop an agent-based model to explore the dynamics of the potential spread of obesity within families. I found that the “contagion” of obesity could result in significant collateral weight loss in family members not targeted in an intervention. As a result, CEAs may underestimate the benefits of obesity interventions. Moreover, I found that unless interventions are targeted toward all obese children in a family, the contagion of obesity can hinder weight loss in intervention targets. This model can be leveraged as a tool to optimize family-based obesity intervention strategies and inform randomized controlled obesity prevention trials.

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Stokes, Elizabeth. « Methods for assessing the costs of transfusion management strategies in cardiac surgery ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2ff34c79-7f38-4fa3-bdd1-ad0c002af439.

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A blood transfusion is one of the most common hospital procedures, yet there is a lack of reliable information on the costs of administering blood. This thesis aims to fill this information gap, and considers the impact on total costs of alternative transfusion management strategies in the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom. A high user of blood transfusion, cardiac surgery, acts as a clinical exemplar. Comprehensive estimates of the costs of administering blood are first produced. The costs of administering blood add substantially to the costs of the blood products themselves, costs for red blood cells are 40% higher when the costs of administration are added to red blood cell costs. These cost estimates were used to more accurately cost blood products transfused (compared to the costs of blood products only) in two economic evaluations assessing firstly, the cost-effectiveness of a restrictive versus a liberal red blood cell transfusion threshold after cardiac surgery, and secondly, the cost-effectiveness of introducing bedside tests of haemostatic function in cardiac surgery. Both economic evaluations showed little difference in costs or outcomes between the groups and uncertainty around the cost-effectiveness results. While a restrictive threshold reduces costs associated with transfusion compared to a liberal threshold, there is no evidence based on detailed and comprehensive costings, to suggest that a restrictive threshold saves the NHS money overall. Reliable resource use data are vital for economic evaluations, and a subgroup of patients in both economic evaluations enabled resource use data collected from alternative sources to be compared. There was strong agreement between primary (clinical trial) data and routine datasets for data available from both sources, however, primary data captured post-operative complications more comprehensively than routine datasets. This thesis provides hospital managers and health economists with accurate information on the costs of administering blood for budget impact assessments and economic evaluations.

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Mendes, Fernando Bernardo. « A contabilidade ambiental : conceitos e concep??es metodol?gicas ». Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3892.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 425613.pdf: 379416 bytes, checksum: 72df5329b379f8046fc095b69937b7e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-20
O objetivo deste trabalho ? fazer uma revis?o da literatura sobre a Contabilidade Ambiental, enfocando sua import?ncia no contexto atual e nos desafios de mensura??o das vari?veis ambientais. A estrutura se apresenta dividida em 4 se??es. Na primeira se??o ? feita uma introdu??o geral, o in?cio da revis?o de literatura, com um breve exame dos conceitos de responsabilidade social e desenvolvimento sustent?vel. Na segunda, ? apresentado o aprofundamento dos alicerces da contabilidade ambiental, principais conceitos e m?todos, aplica??es e implica??es, evolu??o e trajet?ria. Na terceira se??o, h? uma reflex?o sobre os desafios e dificuldades inerentes a mensura??o ambiental, os recursos naturais e suas formas de classifica??o, dimens?es envolvidas no valor da natureza, m?todos de valora??o ambiental e a evidencia??o da informa??o ambiental. Na ?ltima se??o, uma s?ntese conclusiva do conceito ora proposto, determinando potenciais avan?os nessa linha de pesquisa.

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Brazdžionytė, Laura. « Kaštų efektyvumo analizė sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20140626_161504-84056.

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Prieš priimant sprendimą ar verta medicininę naujovę taikyti klinikinėje praktikoje tiek medicinine, tiek ekonomine prasme, atliekama gydymo metodų efektyvumo ekonominė analizė. Kaštų efektyvumo analizė – sudėtinė sveikatos ekonomikos dalis. Ji nustato ryšį tarp taikomo gydymo metodo naudojamų išteklių (kaštų) ir teikiamo naudingumo sveikatai (poveikio sveikatai). Šio darbo tikslas: išnagrinėjus ekonominės analizės metodus, pateikti kaštų efektyvumo analizės modelį bei patikrinti jį „N“ sveikatos priežiūros įstaigoje taikomiems gydymo metodams. Suformuluotam tikslui pasiekti keliami uždaviniai: 1. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize, pateikti kaštų efektyvumo analizės kaip sudėtinės sveikatos ekonomikos dalies charakteristiką; 2. Išnagrinėti kaštų efektyvumo analizės taikymą šiandieninėse Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose; 3. Pasiūlyti kaštų efektyvumo analizės modelį; 4. Atlikti „N“ sveikatos priežiūros įstaigoje taikomų gydymo metodų kaštų efektyvumo analizę. Tyrimo objektas: sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos kaštai. Išanalizavus ekonominės analizės taikymo galimybes, atlikta kaštų efektyvumo analizė „N“ sveikatos priežiūros įstaigoje. Taikyti du ekonominės analizės metodai: kaštų naudingumo ir kaštų efektyvumo analizės metodai. Analizės metu įvertinti gydymo metodų kaštai ir klinikinis poveikis sveikatai. Tyrime analizuojami trys gydymo metodai: standartinis gydymo metodas – judesio terapija salėje bei du alternatyvūs gydymo metodai – judesio terapija vandenyje ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Before making a decision to employ an innovation in medicine on both medical and economical dimensions, performed economic analysis of effectiveness of health interventions. Cost effectiveness analysis is constituent of health economic. It estimates the relation between cost ant effectiveness of health interventions. The aim of this research: after study of methods of economic evaluation, to supply the model of cost effectiveness analysis and to test it for health interventions of “N” health care institution. The tasks to reach the established aim of this study are: 1. By analysis of literature, to supply the reference of cost effectiveness analysis as constituent of health economic; 2. To study the use of cost effectiveness analysis in nowadays Lithuanian’s health care institutions; 3. To offer the model of cost effectiveness analysis; 4. To perform the cost effectiveness analysis of health interventions of “N” health care institution. The object of research is: cost of health care institution. Having studied the opportunities of economic analysis, performed the cost effectiveness analysis in “N” health care institution. There were used two methods of economic analysis: cost-effectiveness and cost-utility methods. On the analysis estimated cost and effectiveness of health interventions. In the research analyzed three health interventions: standard health intervention – physiotherapy in exercises room and two alternatives health interventions – physiotherapy in the water and... [to full text]

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MAININI, ALESSANDRA. « Saggi in economia dell'informazione ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/504.

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Questa tesi è una raccolta di tre articoli riguardanti l’economia dell’informazione. Il primo articolo riguarda i possibili effetti negativi delle elezioni sul benessere degli elettori. Infatti, il controllo ottimo nei confronti di un politico dipende in modo non banale dalla relazione tra effetto disciplinante, effetto di selezione e effetto di riduzione della rendita. Il risultato è che un eccessivo controllo nei confronti di un politico può ridurre il benessere sociale. Il secondo articolo analizza un modello di competizione elettorale nel quale l’abilità del politico è sconosciuta anche al politico stesso oltre che agli elettori. L’analisi è in tempo continuo e sviluppata mediante tecniche di programmazione dinamica e di filtraggio. Le credenze sull’abilità vengono aggiornate secondo la regola di Bayes tramite l’osservazione del processo diffusivo che descrive il valore del settore pubblico. Il politico trae utilità da una rendita che è però inferiore in presenza di una scadenza elettorale. Il terzo articolo descrive una relazione principale-agente in tempo continuo dove l’output è rappresentato da un processo diffusivo il cui drift è determinato dallo sforzo dell’agente, che il principale non osserva, e dall’abilità dell’agente, che non è osservata nemmeno dall’agente stesso. Vengono analizzati sia gli incentivi espliciti dati dal contratto che gli incentivi impliciti legati ai career-concerns. L’analisi è sviluppata in tempo continuo; vengono applicate tecniche di programmazione dinamica e di filtraggio.
This thesis is a collection of three essays about information economics. The first essay studies the possible negative effects of elections on voters’ welfare. In fact, the optimal control of politicians depends on the interplay of disciplining, selection and rent-shrinking effects in a non-trivial way. We show that too much control on the politician may reduce social welfare. The second essay studies an agency model of electoral competition where the incumbent’s ability is unknown to the voters as well as to the politician herself. The analysis is developed in a continuous-time stochastic framework using dynamic programming techniques. Competence is unobservable to everyone and learned over time in a Bayesian fashion through the observation of the value of the public sector. Politicians can divert resources being in office thus reducing the economy wealth but this rent is lower (all other things the same) with an electoral constraint. The third essay describes a continuous-time principal-agent model in which the output is a diffusion process whose drift is determined by the agent’s unobserved effort and by manager’s competence (it is assumed symmetric information about it). We study separately both explicit incentives arising from the contract and implicit incentives arising from career concerns.. All the analysis is developed in a continuous-time stochastic framework; we apply dynamic programming and filtering techniques.

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MAININI, ALESSANDRA. « Saggi in economia dell'informazione ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/504.

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Questa tesi è una raccolta di tre articoli riguardanti l’economia dell’informazione. Il primo articolo riguarda i possibili effetti negativi delle elezioni sul benessere degli elettori. Infatti, il controllo ottimo nei confronti di un politico dipende in modo non banale dalla relazione tra effetto disciplinante, effetto di selezione e effetto di riduzione della rendita. Il risultato è che un eccessivo controllo nei confronti di un politico può ridurre il benessere sociale. Il secondo articolo analizza un modello di competizione elettorale nel quale l’abilità del politico è sconosciuta anche al politico stesso oltre che agli elettori. L’analisi è in tempo continuo e sviluppata mediante tecniche di programmazione dinamica e di filtraggio. Le credenze sull’abilità vengono aggiornate secondo la regola di Bayes tramite l’osservazione del processo diffusivo che descrive il valore del settore pubblico. Il politico trae utilità da una rendita che è però inferiore in presenza di una scadenza elettorale. Il terzo articolo descrive una relazione principale-agente in tempo continuo dove l’output è rappresentato da un processo diffusivo il cui drift è determinato dallo sforzo dell’agente, che il principale non osserva, e dall’abilità dell’agente, che non è osservata nemmeno dall’agente stesso. Vengono analizzati sia gli incentivi espliciti dati dal contratto che gli incentivi impliciti legati ai career-concerns. L’analisi è sviluppata in tempo continuo; vengono applicate tecniche di programmazione dinamica e di filtraggio.
This thesis is a collection of three essays about information economics. The first essay studies the possible negative effects of elections on voters’ welfare. In fact, the optimal control of politicians depends on the interplay of disciplining, selection and rent-shrinking effects in a non-trivial way. We show that too much control on the politician may reduce social welfare. The second essay studies an agency model of electoral competition where the incumbent’s ability is unknown to the voters as well as to the politician herself. The analysis is developed in a continuous-time stochastic framework using dynamic programming techniques. Competence is unobservable to everyone and learned over time in a Bayesian fashion through the observation of the value of the public sector. Politicians can divert resources being in office thus reducing the economy wealth but this rent is lower (all other things the same) with an electoral constraint. The third essay describes a continuous-time principal-agent model in which the output is a diffusion process whose drift is determined by the agent’s unobserved effort and by manager’s competence (it is assumed symmetric information about it). We study separately both explicit incentives arising from the contract and implicit incentives arising from career concerns.. All the analysis is developed in a continuous-time stochastic framework; we apply dynamic programming and filtering techniques.

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Říha, Václav. « Matematické a statistické metody pro podporu vývoje softwarových aplikací ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378356.

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The diploma thesis deals with the application of selected mathematical and statistical methods in the development of economic software for KPS Metal a. s. The proposed program is created in Microsoft Office Excel using the programming language Visual Basic. On the basic of the results of financial analysis of economic indicators are proposals recommendations for improving the current state of the company.

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