Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Metodi multiminerali »

Anak Balita merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan terhadap gizi dan kesehatan. Pada masa ini daya tahan tubuh anak masih belum kuat, sehingga risiko anak menderita penyakit infeksi lebih tinggi. Salah satu penyakit infeksi yang sering terjadi pada Anak balita adalah Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA). Multiple Micronutrient Powder merupakan multimineral yang diberikan pada balita untuk membantu tumbuh kembang balita secara optimal, meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, meningkatkan nafsu makan, mencegah anemia dan mencegah kekurangan zat gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Multiple Micronutrient Powder Terhadap Kejadian ISPA Anak Dengan Anemia Usia 6-59 Bulan. Metode penelitian adalah Randomized Control Trial dengan sampel Anak dengan anemia usia 6-59 bulan dipilih secara random. Sampel dikelompokkan menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok yang diberi Multiple Micronutrient Powder dan kelompok lain diberi plasebo. Keduanya diberi perlakuan selama 12 minggu. Kejadian ISPA diobservasi sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Berdasarkan analisis regresi linier ganda didapatkan hasil bahwa balita yang diberi Multiple Micronutrient Powder menurun kejadian ISPA sebesar 0,076 dibandingkan yang diberi plasebo, walaupun secara statistik tidak signifikan (p=0,455). Pemberian Multiple Micronutrient Powder pada balita dengan anemia menurunkan kejadian ISPA, meskipun secara statistik tidak signifikan.

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi level penambahan minyak ikan lemuru dalam ransum ayam kampung terhadap profil lemak darah.Materi penelitian yang digunakan adalahayam kampung betina umur 24 minggu. Bahan pakan yang digunakan adalah minyak ikan lemuru, bekatul, jagung giling, bungkil kedelai, minyak sawit, tepung ikan, dan premix multi mineral dan vitamin. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah T0 = Penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 0%, T1 = Penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 2%, T2 = Penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 4%, T3 = Penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 6%. Parameter yang diamati adalah kolesterol total, kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) darah ayam kampung. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi yang dilanjutkan uji duncan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan minyak ikan lemuru pada level tertinggi berpengaruhnyata (P<0,05) terhadap kolesterol total, kadar HDL dan LDL darah.Kesimpulan penelitian adalah pemberian minyak ikan lemuru sampai 6% dapat digunakan dalam campuran pakan ayam kampung.Kata kunci: Profil lemak darah, ayam lokal, minyak ikan lemuruABSTRACTThe aimed of the study was to evaluate the level of addition lemuru fish oil in the ration of local chicken on the blood fat profile. The research materials used was female local chickens aged 24 weeks. The feed materials used are lemuru fish oil, rice bran, milled corn, soybean meal, palm oil, fish meal as well as multimineral and vitamin premix. The research method using a complete by randomized design. The treatments are given wereT0= lemuru fish oil as much as 0%, T1 = lemuru fish oil as much as 2%, T2 = lemuru fish oil as much as 4%, T3 = lemuru fish oil as much as 6%. The observed variables were total cholesterol, levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of local chicken blood. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and was continued with Duncan test. The results showed that the treatment with lemuru fish oil at the highest level had a significant effect (P<0.05) on total cholesterol, HDL levels, and LDL blood. The conclusion of the study is that the provision of lemuru fish oil up to 6% can be used in native chicken feed mix.Keywords: The blood fat profile, local chicken, lemuru fish oil

<p><span><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></span></p><p><span><strong></strong><br /><span><strong><em>Latar belakang: </em></strong><span><em>Usia balita merupakan periode emas (golden periods) dalam proses tumbuh kembang </em><span><em>sehingga asupan zat gizi makro dan zat gizi mikro sangat dibutuhkan. Taburia merupakan bubuk </em><span><em>multivitamin dan multimineral yang dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan zat gizi mikro anak dan </em><span><em>mengatasi permasalahan kekurangan gizi mikro.</em><br /><span><strong><em>Tujuan: </em></strong><span><em>Untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian Taburia terhadap perubahan asupan energi dan zat </em><span><em>gizi anak usia 1-3 tahun.</em><br /><span><strong><em>Metode: </em></strong><span><em>Desain penelitian adalah quasi experimental study dengan pretest postest control group design, </em><span><em>dilakukan pada bulan Januari–Juli 2012 di wilayah Puskesmas Banjar Serasan Kecamatan Pontianak </em><span><em>Timur sebagai wilayah intervensi dan di wilayah Puskesmas Tambelan Sampit Kecamatan Pontianak </em><span><em>Timur sebagai wilayah kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada 85 anak, terdiri dari 45 sampel dalam </em><span><em>kelompok intervensi dan 40 sampel dalam kelompok kontrol yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Uji </em><span><em>beda pada karakteristik dianalisis dengan chi-square. Uji beda rata-rata perubahan asupan energi dan zat </em><span><em>gizi antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan uji independent samples t-test. Asupan energi </em><span><em>dan zat gizi pretest dan post test dalam satu kelompok dianalisis menggunakan paired samples t-test.</em><br /><span><strong><em>Hasil</em></strong><span><em>: Hasil uji t-test terhadap rata-rata asupan energi dan zat gizi antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan </em><span><em>adanya perbedaan secara bermakna, kecuali vitamin B12 (p&lt;0,05). Rata-rata asupan energi dan zat </em><span><em>gizi pretest dan post test setelah dua bulan intervensi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan</em><br /><span><em>(p&lt;0,05).</em><br /><span><strong><em>Kesimpulan: </em></strong><span><em>Pemberian Taburia menghasilkan pengaruh positif berupa peningkatan rata-rata asupan </em><span><em>energi dan zat gizi. Peningkatan asupan energi secara statistik menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang </em><span><em>bermakna antara kedua kelompok.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><br /><span><strong>KATA KUNCI: </strong><span><em>anak usia 1-3 tahun, zat gizi mikro, sprinkle, suplementasi, Taburia</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><br /><span><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><strong></strong><br /><span><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><span><em>Children under-five is the golden period in the process of child growth, therefore the </em><span><em>macronutrient and micronutrient intake are needed. Taburia is a multiple micronutrients supplementation </em><span><em>(sprinkles) that is intended to supply the multiple micronutrients needs of the child and resolve the </em><span><em>micronutrient deficiencies problems of children.</em><br /><span><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong><span><em>To analyze the effect of Taburia intervention on the energy and nutrient intake of children </em><span><em>under three years old.</em><br /><span><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><span><em>A quasi-experimental design was used to examine children’s energy and nutrient intake at </em><span><em>baseline, one month, and two months after the Taburia supplementation. The study was carried out from </em><span><em>January-July 2012 at community Health Centers Banjar Serasan as an intervention area and Community </em><span><em>Health Centers of Tambelan Sampit as a control area. Data was collected on 85 children, consisting of 45 </em><span><em>subjects of the intervention group and 40 subjects of the control group, selected by purposive sampling. </em><span><em>Characteristic variables were analyzed by chi-square. Intake of energy and nutrients between the </em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><em>intervention group and the control group were analyzed using independent samples t-test. The average </em><span><em>of energy and nutrients intake between pre-test and post-test in one group were analyzed using paired </em><span><em>samples t-test.</em><br /><span><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><span><em>Intake of energy and nutrients between the two groups showed significant differences, except </em><span><em>for vitamin B12 (p&lt;0.05). Intake of energy and nutrients between pre-test and post-test after two months </em><span><em>of intervention showed a significant improvement (p&lt;0.05).</em><br /><span><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><span><em>The multiple micronutrients intervention has a positive impact on increasing energy and </em><span><em>nutrients intake.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><br /><span><strong>KEYWORDS</strong><span><strong><em>: </em></strong><span><em>children, multiple micronutrient, sprinkle, supplementation, Taburia</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span></p>

Analisis kimia menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendans) memiliki berbagai kandungan senyawa kimia dari golongan flavonoid, tannin, tokoferol, multimineral dan polisakarida. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol sarang semut terhadap gambaran histopatologi ginjal mencit (Mus musculus) jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor mencit jantan dengan umur 10-12 minggu yang secara klinis dinyatakan sehat dengan berat 25-35 g. Secara acak seluruh mencit dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas 6 ekor mencit. Kelompok P0 adalah kelompok kontrol negatif yang diberikan pakan standar dan aquades, P1 adalah kelompok yang diberikan pakan standar dan ekstrak etanol sarang semut dengan dosis 100 mg/kg BB, P2 adalah kelompok yang diberikan pakan standar dan ekstrak etanol sarang semut dengan dosis 200 mg/kg BB, P3 adalah kelompok yang diberikan pakan standar dan ekstrak etanol sarang semut dengan dosis 300 mg/kg BB. Setelah perlakuan selesai pada hari ke-21, organ ginjal diambil untuk dibuat preparat histologi dan diwarnai dengan metode haematoksilin-eosin. Variabel yang diperiksa adalah perdarahan, degenerasi melemak, dan nekrosis di tubulus proksimal ginjal. Hasil uji Kruskall-Wallis menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak etanol sarang semut berpengaruh nyata (P?0,05) terhadap timbulnya perdarahan pada tubulus ginjal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol sarang semut dengan dosis 300 mg/kg BB dapat menyebabkan perubahan histopatologi ginjal berupa perdarahan, degenerasi melemak, dan nekrosis.

L’oggetto di questa tesi è stato lo studio della mineralogia dei sedimenti fluviali ed eolici attuali generati dall’erosione della catena Himalayana, con lo scopo di definire con precisione le segnature composizionali dei diversi domini tettono-stratigrafici dell’orogene. All’approccio basato sulla identificazione e quantificazione delle associazioni di minerali pesanti (densità > 2.90 g/cm3), sono stati affiancate diverse tecniche analitiche complementari, che comprendono la petrografia e la geochimica del sedimento totale, lo studio di dettaglio al microscopio elettronico a scansione e allo spettroscopio Raman delle caratteristiche minerochimiche dei quattro principali gruppi di minerali pesanti che caratterizzano i sedimenti himalayani e orogenici in generale (anfiboli, epidoti, granati, e pirosseni), l’ analisi dei rapporti isotopici di samario e neodimio scolta in collaborazione con Peter Clift presso l’ Istituto Oceanigrafico Woods Hole, oltre all’ analisi geocronologica su zirconi detritici svolta in collaborazione con Pieter Vermeesch presso l’Università di Londra (UCL) affiancata anche da dati analoghi su rutilo, monazite, e titanite ottenuti con la collaborazione di Xiumian Hu e Ronghua Guo presso l’ Università di Nanjing. Le principali aree di studio hanno compreso il Deserto di Thal nel Pakistan centro-settentrionale e gli affluenti del Fiume Indo nel suo corso di montagna dal Ladakh fino al Punjab e gli affluenti principali del Fiume Yarlung (il nome tibetano del Brahmaputra) in Tibet meridionale. Sono stati studiati anche campioni di arenarie Cenozoiche provenienti sia dalle Alpi Occidentali che dal Tibet meridionale. I risultati presentati in questa tesi sono stati pubblicati a primo nome in un volume speciale della rivista internazionale Minerals, sono stati sottomessi nel mese di Settembre e sempre a primo nome a Sedimentary Geology, o sono in preparazione per una prossima sottomissione ad altra prestigiosa rivista internazionale.
Sediments and sedimentary rocks can be considered as geological archives that faithfully reflect their provenance information if the bias introduced by physical and chemical processes during transport and deposition can be properly recognized and corrected for. The sediment provenance analysis both in modern and ancient settings is crucial to trace the sediment sources, reconstruct paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, and interpret the evolution of the Earth’s surface. Modern sediments, unaffected by diagenesis and eroded, tansported and deposited under climatic conditions that are fully known, can provide valuable information on the interactions among the different controlling factors that govern source-to-sink systems. Rivers draining the Himalayan orogen provide the good opportunity to trace the source fingerprinting that is documented in modern fluvial and eolian sand and how these signatures reflect the erosion patterns of the modern and paleo-river systems. A multidisciplinary approach based on petrography, minerology, geochemistry and geochronology is emphasized in this research, in order to obtain a comprehensive provenance information. Our research area focused on the modern sands from two river system: Yarlung River and Indus River. In the Yarlung River system, the Nian River was chosen to investigate the petrographic, mineralogical and chronological signature of sediments from Tethys Himalaya, Greater Himalaya, Kangmar gneiss dome and Transhimalayan ophiolitic suture. Different tectonic domains are characterized by distinct heavy mineral assemblages, e.g., the first-cycle sillimanite and garnet in Greater Himalaya, and clinopyroxene, olivine and enstatite in the forearc ophiolites. Sand carried by the Nian River and its major tributaries, mainly reflects Tethys Himalayan characteristics, consistent with the geochronological results. Erosion rates were also evaluated and circumscribed in the middle Yarlung River catchment. The average erosion rate in the Nianchu catchment is estimated at 0.07-0.10 mm/a, twice as that in the middle Yarlung and Lhasa River catchments, which is principally ascribed to the high erodibility of Tethys Himalayan strata. In the Indus River system, minerochemical analysis of amphibole, garnet, epidote and pyroxene grains, and geochronological analysis of detrital zircons, associated with analysis on petrography, bulk-sediment geochemistry and isotopic geochemistry, in aolian sand from Thal Desert and fluvial sand in selected tributaries draining one specific tectonic domain in the upper Indus catchment, were carried out to discriminate compositional signatures, decipher the provenance information, and trace the erosional evolution of the western Himalaya syntaxis. The compositional fingerprints of Thal Desert sand are characterized by litho-feldspatho-quartzose to quartzo-feldspatho-lithic detrital modes and very rich amphibole-dominated heavy-mineral assemblages. The high heavy mineral concentration, less negative εNd, abundant zircon ages at 40-100 Ma, and specific mineral varietal fingerprints, consistently reflect that the Kohistan arc has acted as the main sediment source. Karakorum appears to contribute less while Himalaya shows higher influence on the Thal Desert sands than modern river sands from the Indus. As a Quaternary repository of wind-reworked Indus River sand at the entry point in the Himalayan foreland basin, Thal Desert sands document higher erosion rates than today in the glaciated areas formed largely by batholites granitoids of the Asian active margin. The close compositional and chronological connection between the Thal Desert and the ancient Indus Delta and Fan deposits, shed new light on the reconstructing of paleodrainage and the understanding of relationship between climatic and tectonic forcing that controlled the erosional evolution of the western Himalayan-Karakorum orogen.