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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « METABOLISMO BASALE »

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Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "METABOLISMO BASALE"

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Gibbs, C. L., et D. S. Loiselle. « Cardiac Basal Metabolism. » Japanese Journal of Physiology 51, no 4 (2001) : 399–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol.51.399.

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LOISELLE, D. « Cardiac basal metabolism ». Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 18 (1986) : 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(86)80512-0.

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Oliveira, Nayrene Amorin Carvalho, Laryssa Alves Magalhães, Maria Rosimar Teixeira Matos, Gislei Frota Aragão et Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues Bachur. « A DEFICIÊNCIA DE TIAMINA E NIACINA COMO FATOR DE RISCO PARA DE DOENÇAS NEUROLÓGICAS ». Infarma - Ciências Farmacêuticas 31, no 2 (3 juillet 2019) : 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14450/2318-9312.v31.e2.a2019.pp80-85.

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Niacina e tiamina, vitaminas obtidas por meio da dieta, são precursoras de coenzimas do metabolismo intermediário. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura a respeito dessas vitaminas no metabolismo oxidativo e suas implicações em doenças neurológicas. A metodologia consistiu na realização de uma busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados Medline e Science Direct, utilizando os descritores “oxidative stress”, deficiency, “basal metabolism”, “nervous system”, “thiamine” e “niacin”. Ao final, foram destacados dez artigos para a produção da revisão. Os estudos demonstraram que a deficiência das vitaminas niacina e tiamina pode causar disfunções no sistema nervoso central devido a falhas no metabolismo oxidativo.
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Velázquez Quevedo, Tulio. « El metabolismo basal en la altura ». Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 30, no 2 (18 octobre 2014) : 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v30i2.9630.

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El metabolismo energético total, expresado en términos de calorm puede se medido por la cantidad de oxígeno necesaria para mantenerlo. Es posible esta medición porque el oxígeno tiene un valor calórico conocido según la clase de alimento que se quema en el organismo, y porque se puede saber que clase de alimento (hidratos de carbono, grasas o proteínas) o mezcla de ellos, se quema por la relación entre el CO2 desprendido y el O2 consumido, vale decir, por el Cuociente Respiratorio, En este hecho se basan los métodos de Calorimetría Indirecta para la apreciación del Metabolismo Basal.
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LANGEN, C. D. « Basal Metabolism and Sodium Chloride. » Acta Medica Scandinavica 150, no 4 (24 avril 2009) : 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1954.tb18625.x.

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SCHWEITZER, P. M. J. « Calory-Supply and Basal Metabolism ». Acta Medica Scandinavica 119, no 4-5 (24 avril 2009) : 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1944.tb05403.x.

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HUSBY, JAKOB. « Calculation of the Basal. Metabolism ». Acta Medica Scandinavica 129, no 6 (24 avril 2009) : 582–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1948.tb09328.x.

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Fazlurrahman, Umam. « Insulin Degludec, Generasi Baru Insulin Analog Kerja Sangat Panjang untuk Terapi Diabetes Melitus Tipe 1 ». Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 47, no 9 (1 septembre 2020) : 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v47i9.918.

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<p>Diabetes Melitus tipe 1 adalah kelainan sistemik akibat gangguan metabolisme glukosa yang ditandai hiperglikemia kronik; merupakan jenis DM paling banyak pada anak. Insulin Degludec merupakan generasi baru insulin basal kerja sangat panjang dengan kelebihan waktu paruh panjang dan tanpa puncak, dapat digunakan untuk DM tipe 1 pada anak.</p><p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a systemic disorder due to a disturbance in glucose metabolism characterized by chronic hyperglycemia; it is the most common type in children. Insulin Degludec is a new generation of ultra long-acting basal insulin with long half-life and without peak, can be used for type 1 DM in children.</p>
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Wen, Aiyou, Sifa Dai, Xuezhuang Wu et Zhihua Cai. « Copper bioavailability, mineral utilization, and lipid metabolism in broilers ». Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 12 (22 décembre 2019) : 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/210/2019-cjas.

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The study was conducted to investigate the effects of copper (Cu) sources and levels on mineral utilization, tissue copper residues, and lipid metabolism in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 640 male broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 16 broilers per replicate. The experiment was used in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial experiment design. Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet, and animals in the other four groups were fed basal diets supplemented with Cu from copper sulphate and copper methionine. Copper concentrations of the experimental diets were 20 and 40 mg Cu/kg dry matter. A metabolism trial of 4 days was conducted during the last week of experimental feeding. Neither Cu source nor Cu level affected average daily gain, average daily feed intake or feed gain ratio (P &gt; 0.05). Broilers fed 40 mg Cu/kg diets had lower plasma cholesterol than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Copper supplementation decreased (P &lt; 0.05) plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but did not alter plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations or plasma triglyceride concentrations. Copper sulphate supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.05) liver Cu but did not alter pectorals Cu, heart Cu, tibia Cu and tibia P. Broilers fed 40 mg/kg Cu from copper sulphate had a lower (P &lt; 0.05) tibia Ca level. The concentration of liver Cu in the broilers fed copper methionine diets was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than that in those fed copper sulphate. Compared with copper sulphate (100%), the relative bioavailability value of copper methionine was 117%. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of copper methionine obtained in this study was greater than that of copper sulphate. Copper plays an important role in plasma lipids and in the digestion of dietary Ca in broiler chickens.
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Sally, Enilce de Oliveira Fonseca, Luiz Antonio dos Anjos et Vivian Wahrlich. « Metabolismo Basal durante a gestação : revisão sistemática ». Ciência & ; Saúde Coletiva 18, no 2 (février 2013) : 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232013000200013.

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O gasto energético (GE) na gestação é fundamental no aconselhamento dietético e no controle da massa corporal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar revisão sistemática nas bases de dados bibliográficas sobre a taxa metabólica basal (TMB), maior componente do GE, durante a gestação de feto único de mulheres saudáveis. Segundo os critérios de inclusão, 37 artigos foram selecionados (24 estudos de coorte e 13 seccionais). O aumento da TMB (entre 8,0 e 35,0%) ocorreu na maioria de estudos de coorte dependendo do tempo de seguimento e do estado nutricional. Nos seccionais, o aumento na TMB foi de 8,0-28,0% na fase final da gestação sobre a fase inicial ou no pós-parto. Informação precária sobre idade materna, perdas de seguimento e curto tempo de acompanhamento durante a gestação foram limitações dos estudos revisados. Em conclusão, a TMB aumenta durante a gestação e o aumento é mais intenso a partir do 2º trimestre. As estimativas mais confiáveis provêm dos poucos estudos de coorte iniciados na fase pré-gestacional.
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Thèses sur le sujet "METABOLISMO BASALE"

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Conterato, Elisabete Viera. « Níveis de leptina, taxa metabólica basal e resistência insulínica em crianças obesas púberes ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129680.

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Introdução: A obesidade infanto-juvenil é um problema de saúde pública, com alta endemia e prevalência crescente no mundo todo. É uma doença associada a significativos problemas de saúde na população pediátrica, que afeta principalmente os sistemas cardiovascular e o endócrino, com risco elevado de desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensão arterial, aterosclerose e dislipidemias. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre os níveis séricos de leptina, a taxa metabólica basal e a resistência insulínica com o escore Z do índice de massa corporal de crianças púberes com obesidade. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 37 crianças obesas púberes de 7 a 12 anos de idade, atendidas pela primeira vez no Ambulatório de Obesidade Infantil, entre junho/2013 a abril/2014. Os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, aferição da pressão arterial, auto-classificação da maturação sexual, testes laboratoriais e bioimpedância. Resultados: O peso, o índice de massa corporal e a leptina diferiram de modo significativo entre os grupos (grupo 1 indivíduos com obesidade (2 3)), bem como a porcentagem da massa gorda e a taxa metabólica basal. As crianças desse estudo, independente do grau de obesidade, apresentaram níveis elevados de insulina (70,3%), Homeostasis model assessment >3,16 (73%), níveis baixos de colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidade (67,6%) e circunferência abdominal acima p90 (89,18%). Em relação às variáveis analisadas, observa-se que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: A obesidade infanto-juvenil já é um sinal de risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus. Neste estudo, o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência abdominal, já se mostraram preditores de risco para alterações metabólicas, sendo instrumentos de fácil acesso e baixo custo.
Introduction: Childhood and adolescent obesity is a public health problem that presents high endemic and growing prevalence worldwide. It is a disease associated with important health problems in the population of children, that affects mainly the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, with high risck of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the serum levels of leptin, the basal metabolic rate and the insulin resistance, with the Z score of the body mass index of children with obesity. Methods: This is a transversal study and 37 obese children, aged between 7 to 12 years old, were treated for the first time in the outpatient care unit specialized in childhood obesity, from June/2013 to April/2014. The participants were submitted to anthropometric evaluation, blood pressure measurement, selfclassification of sexual maturity, laboratory tests and bioimpedance. Results: Weight, body mass index and leptin differed significantly between the groups (Group 1 - individuals as obese (2 3)), as well as body fat percentage and the basal metabolic rate. The children of this study presented high levels of insulin (70.3%), Homeostasis model assessment >3.16 (73%), low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (67.6%) and abdominal circumference above p90 (89.18%), regardless of their obesity classification. Concerning the variables analyzed, there were no significantly differences between the groups. Conclusion: Childhood and adolescent obesity already is an element that indicates a higher risk for the development of diabetes mellitus. In this study, the body mass index and the abdominal circumference have proven predictors of risk to develop metabolic alterations, being instruments easy to access and low cost.
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Paranhos, Vivian Maria dos Santos 1984. « Taxa metabólica basal em atletas usuários de cadeira de rodas : comparação entre dois métodos de avaliação ». [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275064.

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Orientador: Edison Duarte
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T08:35:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paranhos_VivianMariadosSantos_M.pdf: 1343045 bytes, checksum: c0fc2e5a6fd994aa302b9869101ed399 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Considerada atualmente um problema de saúde pública, as lesões na medula espinhal na população aumentam a cada ano e com ela muitos problemas que irão acompanhar o indivíduo ao longo de toda a vida. Algumas dúvidas surgem ao trabalhar com essas pessoas pelos profissionais nutricionistas, visto as alterações fisiológicas decorrentes da lesão. Como calcular o gasto energético total diário e especificar, com maior precisão, as necessidades de calorias totais e de macronutrientes (proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos e todas as vitaminas e minerais)? Como calcular esse gasto em atletas com lesão medular usuários de cadeira de rodas em suas práticas esportivas? O método comumente empregado para cálculo de gasto energético como a fórmula de Harris-Benedict, por exemplo, elaborada para indivíduos hígidos. Outro método utilizado para esse tipo de avaliação é o de calorimetria indireta, bastante preciso, porém inviável muitas vezes, quer pelo custo, quer pela dificuldade de aplicação. Esse estudo teve como o objetivo analisar o gasto energético basal através de um método de calorimetria indireta em atletas usuários de cadeira de rodas e comparar os resultados com a fórmula comumente utilizada (Harris-Benedict) buscando comparar os valores apresentados entre esses dois métodos. O estudo foi realizado com 14 indivíduos praticantes da modalidade de rugby em cadeira de rodas, com lesão da medula espinhal cervical (C5-C7), do gênero masculino, com idade entre 25 e 36 anos. Observou-se uma correlação significativa de 0,58 entre a comparação dos dois métodos e concordância significativa com intervalo de confiança entre eles de +154,3 kcal/dia até -115,5 kcal/dia. No entanto a fórmula de Harris & Benedict não prevê e não calcula o gasto relacionado à espasmos musculares, comum nessa população, dentre outras especificidades. Concluiu-se que a calorimetria indireta é um método mais preciso, validado e mais indicado para essa população quando comparado à fórmula de predição de Harris & Benedict, devido as especificidades da lesão da medula espinhal
Abstract: Currently considered a public health problem , injuries to the spinal cord in the population increase every year and with it many problems that will accompany the individual throughout life . Some questions arise when working with these people by professional nutritionists , since the physiological changes resulting from injury. How to calculate the total daily energy expenditure and to specify more precisely the needs of total calories and macronutrients ( proteins , lipids , carbohydrates and all the vitamins and minerals) ? How to calculate this expense in athletes with spinal cord injury wheelchair users in their sports practices ? The common method for calculating energy expenditure as the Harris-Benedict formula , for example , designed to healthy individuals . Another method used for this type of assessment is to indirect calorimetry quite accurate , but often impractical , either by cost or by the difficulty of implementation . This study aimed to analyze the basal energy expenditure through a method of indirect calorimetry in athletes of wheelchair users and compare the results with the commonly used formula ( Harris -Benedict ) trying to compare the values ??presented between these two methods . The study was conducted with 14 subjects practicing the sport of rugby in wheelchairs with cervical spinal cord ( C5 - C7 ) , male , aged between 25 and 36 years. There was a significant correlation of 0.58 between the two methods and a significant agreement with a confidence interval between them +154.3 kcal / day to -115.5 kcal / day. However the formula of Harris & Benedict does not provide and does not calculate the expense related to muscle , spasms common in this population , among other specifics . It was concluded that indirect calorimetry is a more accurate , validated and most appropriate method for this population when compared to the prediction formula of Harris & Benedict , because the specifics of spinal cord injury
Mestrado
Atividade Fisica Adaptada
Mestra em Educação Física
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Baik, Sonya A. « Catecholamines and basal metabolism in the myocardium ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34085.pdf.

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Lachenbruch, Charles. « A Study of Lean Body Mass in Estimating Basal Metabolic Rate ». Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503992/.

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The primary purpose of the study was to determine if measured LBM could be used as a more powerful predictor of BMR than could surface area (SA) as calculated by the formula of DuBois and DuBois (1916). It was also of interest to develop a prediction equation for BMR using multiple regression analysis. Data from 82 women and 76 men were included in the study. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated that LBM was a better predictor for BMR than SA on either of the principal SA prediction equations, those of Aub and DuBois (1917) and Harris and Benedict (1919). Age, sex, and fat weight were not found to contribute significantly to prediction when included by multiple regression analyses. Linear equations for BMR as a function of LBM were developed for each sex. Tables based on these equations were also generated as a quick reference for clinicians.
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Doneda, Divair. « Doença de gaucher : avaliação nutricional e do gasto energético basal em pacientes do sul do brasil ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25128.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Gaucher (DG) é um erro inato do metabolismo, do grupo das doenças lisossômicas, causado pela atividade deficiente da enzima glicocerebrosidase. Os tipos mais comuns da DG são o tipo I, que é o mais freqüente e não apresenta comprometimento neurológico; o II, agudo e neuropático; e o III, subagudo e neuropático. Todos os tipos caracterizam-se pela heterogeneidade clínica, com manifestações sintomáticas e de intensidade distintas, tais como hepatoesplenomegalia, alterações ósseas e hematológicas. Alguns estudos descrevem alterações metabólicas como gasto energético basal (GEB) aumentado – hipermetabolismo - em pacientes sem tratamento. A terapia de escolha para a DG é a reposição enzimática (TRE), a qual consegue reverter muitas das manifestações da doença. OBJETIVOS: 1) Avaliar o GEB por meio de calorimetria indireta em pacientes com DG do Centro de Referência do Rio Grande do Sul; 2) Avaliar o estado nutricional dos pacientes incluídos no estudo; 3) Relacionar o GEB com as condições clínicas dos pacientes. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, prospectivo, controlado. Os pacientes atendidos no CRDG foram convidados a participar do estudo (n= 29), sendo que 17 concordaram (média de idade= 30,0 ± 17,2 anos, sexo masculino= 8; DG tipo III= 3 pacientes). Os pacientes com DG tipo I (n= 14; sexo masculino= 6) foram pareados por sexo, idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC) com controles hígidos para avaliação do GEB. Para determinação dos valores de VO2 e VCO2 foi utilizado um ergoespirômetro (MedGraphics Cardiorespiratory Diagnostic Systems, modelo CPX-D). Os pacientes e os controles receberam orientação prévia quanto ao jejum e o repouso e no dia da calorimetria foram pesados e medidos, sendo então calculado o IMC. Os pacientes não apresentavam outras morbidades, nem estavam em uso de medicamentos que poderiam interferir no GEB. Nas análises estatísticas, foi utilizado o GEB em kcal/kg/dia. RESULTADOS: A avaliação do estado nutricional revelou que, no grupo dos pacientes com DG tipo I, cinco estavam com sobrepeso e os demais eutróficos; no grupo com DG tipo III, dois pacientes encontravam-se desnutridos e um eutrófico. Foram realizadas 19 avaliações do GEB em 17 pacientes: dois pacientes a realizaram no período pré e após 6 meses de TRE. A média de idade e de IMC dos pacientes com DG tipo I e dos controles foi de 32,8 ± 17,6 e 32,1 ± 16,6 anos e 23,3 ± 3,1 e 22,4 ± 3,1kg/m2, respectivamente. A idade dos pacientes com DG tipo III foi, respectivamente, 12, 17 e 20 anos. Quatorze pacientes estavam recebendo TRE (média de tempo de TRE= 6,6 ± 5,3 anos; média de dose de enzima= 27,1 ± 11,7 UI/kg/inf. de imiglucerase). A média de GEB dos pacientes com DG tipo I em TRE (n= 12) foi 27,1% maior do que a dos controles (p= 0,007). O GEB de pacientes em TRE (n=12) comparado aos sem TRE (n= 4) não apresentou diferença (p= 0,92). Comparando o GEB dos pacientes em TRE e o de seus controles com o GEB estimado pela equação de Harris-Benedict, observou-se que os pacientes apresentaram GEB 6,3% maior do que o estimado (p= 0,1), enquanto que seus controles tiveram GEB 17,0% menor do que o estimado (p= 0,001). O GEB medido dos pacientes com DG tipo III foi, respectivamente, 14%, 72% e 16% maior do que o estimado pela equação de Harris e Benedict. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre GEB e as seguintes variáveis: idade, peso, estatura, escore de gravidade, quantidade de enzima recebida, idade de início de TRE, tempo de tratamento e presença ou ausência de megalias. A correlação do GEB com o IMC foi negativa e significativa, conforme esperado. DISCUSSÃO/CONCLUSÕES: O estado nutricional classificado pelo IMC mostrou que a maior parte dos pacientes com DG tipo I estava eutrófica; no entanto, um terço apresentou pré-obesidade. Dois dos três pacientes com DG tipo III encontravam-se desnutridos. Todos os pacientes, mesmo em TRE, apresentaram um GEB significativamente maior do que os controles. A TRE não consegue normalizar o hipermetabolismo desses pacientes.
INTRODUCTION: Gaucher disease (GD) is an inborn error of metabolism of the group of lysosomal diseases, caused by the deficient activity of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme. The most common types of GD are: type I, which is the most frequent and does not present neurological compromise; type II, which is acute and neuropathic; and type III, which is subacute and neuropathic. All types are characterized by clinical heterogeneity and symptomatic manifestations of various intensity, such as hepatoesplenomegaly and bone and hematological alterations. Some studies have described metabolic alterations, such as increased basal metabolic rate (BMR), that is, hypermetabolism, in untreated patients. The therapy of choice for GD is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which can stop many manifestations of the disease. OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate BMR by means of indirect calorimetry in patients with GD seen at the Reference Center for Gaucher Disease of Rio Grande do Sul (RCGD); 2) To evaluate the nutritional status of patients included in the study; 3) To relate BMR with clinical conditions presented by patients. METHODS: The present was a prospective, controlled, cross-over study. Patients seen at the RCGD were invited to participate in the study (n=29); of these, 17 agreed to participate (mean age=30.0 ± 17.2 years, male= 8; GD type III=3 patients). Patients with GD type I (n=14; male= 6) were paired by gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) to healthy controls to evaluate BMR. To determine the values of VO2 and VCO2 an ergospirometer was used (MedGraphics Cardiorespiratory Diagnostic Systems, model CPX-D). Patients and controls received previous orientation as to fasting and resting and, on the day of the calorimetry, were weighed and measured in order for the BMI to be calculated. Patients did not present any other morbidity, neither were they making use of any medication that could interfere with BMR. In the statistical analyses, BMR in kcal/kg/day was used. RESULTS: The evaluation of the nutritional status showed that, in the group of patients with GD type I, five patients were overweight; the other were eutrophic; in the group of patients with GD type III, two patients were malnourished; one was eutrophic. Nineteen evaluations of BMR were conducted in 17 patients; two patients conducted the evaluation in the period pre-ERT and after 6 months of ERT. Mean age and mean BMI of patients with GD type I and controls were 32.8 ± 17.6 and 32.1 ± 16.6 years and 23.3 ± 3.1 and 22.4 ± 3.1kg/m2, respectively. The age of patients with GD type III was, respectively, 12, 17 and 20 years. Fourteen patients were receiving ERT (mean time of ERT=6.6 ± 5.3 years; mean enzyme dose=27.1 ± 11.7 UI/kg/inf of imiglucerase). The mean BMR of patients with GD type I on TRE (n=12) was 27.1% higher when compared to controls (p=0.007). When compared to patients not on ERT (n=4), the BMR of patients on ERT (n=12) did not show any difference (p=0.92). Comparing the BMR of patients on ERT and that of their controls with the BMR estimated by the Harris-Benedict equation, we observed that patients showed a 6.3% higher BMR than the estimated (p=0.1), while the BMR of their controls was 17.0% lower than the estimated (p=0.001). The BMR of patients with GD type III was, respectively, 14%, 72% and 16% higher than the estimated by the Harris-Benedict equation. No significant association was found between BMR and the following variables: age; weight; height; severity score; amount of enzyme received; age at beginning of ERT; time of treatment; and presence or absence of megalies. The correlation between BMR and BMI was negative and significant, as expected. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional status classified by BMI showed that most patients with GD type I were eutrophic; however, one third of the patients showed pre-obesity. Two of the three patients with GD type III were malnourished. All patients, even on ERT, showed a significantly higher BMR when compared to controls. In conclusion, ERT was not able to normalize the hypermetabolism of these patients.
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Reeves, Sue L. « Biological variation in basal metabolic rate and energy metabolism ». Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/0950eae3-8373-4c20-8320-3aa491dcb325/1/.

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Biological variation is evident in all aspects of nutrition, particularly total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and basal metabolic rate (BMR). The impact of ethnicity on biological variation on certain aspects of energy metabolism has been investigated. Predictive equations to estimate BMR were published by the FAOIWHOIUNU (1985) in a report entitled EllerK}' and Protein Requirements. Since its publication, serious concern has been expressed on the validity of these equations, largely because the analysis appears to be based on a biased and incomplete analysis of the world literature on BMR. Using an expanded database (n=10,004) and stringent selection criteria the global BMR data has been re-analysed and new predictive equations presented. The robustness of the new equations were tested by comparing their predictive accuracy with those of existing ones. The BMR of 77 women aged 18-30 years were found to be best described by the newly developed Oxford Brookes equations and the Henry & Rees (1991) equations for tropical peoples (P < 0.05 and NS respectively). Furthermore, the new expanded data base was used to plot nonnal curves for BMR for individuals which compared ethnic differences. It was observed that when BMR is expressed per kilogram of body mass, ethnic differences are diminished. The necessity to estimate TDEE in various ethnic groups prompted the evaluation of a non-invasive easy to use technique. Heart rate monitoring as a means of estimating TDEE is reviewed and compares favourably to the use of activity diaries. Whilst highly variable, heart rate monitoring is acknowledged as a valuable tool in the estimation of energy expenditure and activity in individuals and populations Ethnic differences in energy intake in a migrating student population were assessed. Malaysian students recently arrived in the UK were requested to keep food diaries in order to detect changes in their diets. Particular emphasis was placed on changes in the energy densities of food consumed and their effect on body weight and energy balance. After 6 months, it was observed that energy balance was maintained despite the energy density of food consumed in the UK being significantly (P < 0.05) more energy dense than food consumed in their native Malaysia. This illustrates the precise way in which the human body can maintain energy balance. Anthropometric differences were compared in 553 individuals from 4 ethnic groups in a study investigating the ann-span and height relationship. Differences were found between the ethnic groups (P < O.OI). The use of ann-span as a proxy for height should be used with caution. It is imperative that more global data collected under strict control is required before human biological variation can be attributed to true ethnic differences and not merely individual variation.
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Carvalho, Thalyta Morandi Ridolfi de 1985. « Avaliação da composição corporal, citocinas inflamatórias e gasto energético basal em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço antes e após o tratamento padrão ». [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311985.

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Orientador: Sarah Monte Alegre
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T20:32:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_ThalytaMorandiRidolfide_M.pdf: 1082546 bytes, checksum: 8844f3f5a4c8f2d69eee5b1aa85f8f02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Mundialmente estimam-se 644.000 novos casos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço no mundo com dois terços dos casos ocorrendo em países em desenvolvimento. Os principais sinais e sintomas clínicos são dificuldade para engolir os alimentos, aumento do volume da região cervical, rouquidão, sangramento e em alguns casos dor que guiam o paciente à perda de peso. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o gasto energético basal e os fatores que mais influenciam na perda de peso de trinta e dois pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeça e pescoço em estádios III e IV do sistema TNM antes e após 30 dias do término da radioterapia e quimioterapia,compreendidos numa faixa etária de 30 a 65 anos, de ambos os sexos. A seleção dos indivíduos foi realizada no ambulatório de Oncologia do Hospital das Clinicas -Universidade Estadual de Campinas. A coleta de dados realizou-se na Unidade Metabólica, 6° andar do HC-UNICAMP que englobou o preenchimento de um questionário com informações pessoais (idade, sexo, tabagismo), avaliação do estado nutricional (peso, altura e avaliação subjetiva global preenchida pelo próprio paciente), avaliação da composição corporal (bioempedância elétrica, circunferência braquial, prega cutânea do tríceps e circunferência muscular do braço), avaliação do gasto energético basal (calorimetria indireta), avaliação metabólica/bioquímica (colesterol total e frações, triglicérides, glicemia, insulinemia, adiponectina, leptina, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-?), interleucina 1 (IL-1?), interleucina 6 (IL-6) e avaliação da sensibilidade à insulina (HOMA). Além disso os pacientes foram avaliados em relação à ingestão alimentar por meio do recordatório de 24 horas e do Índice de Alimentação Saudável. Os dados foram digitados em banco de dados utilizando-se o programa Excel e para a análise estatística utilizou-se o programa SAS para Windows versão 9.1.3. com nível de significância ? 5%. Nosso estudo mostrou que não podemos justificar a perda de peso pelo aumento do gasto energético basal e/ou diminuição do gasto energético basal, sendo a mesma influenciada por fatores derivados do tumor e pelo início de um processo inflamatório e sugerimos que o aporte nutricional precoce e a ressecção tumoral antes de iniciar o tratamento poderiam melhorar o prognóstico do paciente
Abstract: Worldwide, an estimated 644,000 new cases of head and neck cancer are diagnosed each year, with two- thirds of cases occurring in undeveloped countries. They are usually seen as a set of signs and symptoms which include lesions of the oral cavity, swelling of the neck, difficulty in swallowing food, hoarseness, bleeding and ultimately pain that in some cases can lead to malnutrition. Furthermore, the standard treatment increases weight loss. The main of this study was to evaluate the resting energy expenditure and the factors that had the most influence on weight loss of thirty two patients (aged between 30 and 65 years of both genders) with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in stage III and IV of the TNM system before and after 30 days of completion radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The selection of subjects was performed at the Hospital Oncology Clinic, University of Campinas. Data collection took place in the Metabolic Unit which included filling out a questionnaire with personal information such as (age, sex, smoker or non-smoker ...), assessment of nutritional status (weight, height and subjective global assessment completed by the patient), evaluation of body composition (bioelectrical impedance, arm circumference, triceps skinfold and arm muscle circumference), evaluation of resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), evaluation of metabolic / biochemical factors (total cholesterol and fractions , triglycerides, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?), interleukin 1 ? (IL-1?), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and evaluation of insulin sensitivity (HOMA). In addition, the patient was evaluated in relation to food intake by 24-hour recall and the Healthy Eating Index. The data were entered into the database using the program Excel and the statistical analysis used the SAS for Windows version 9.1. 3. with a significance level ? 5%. Our study demonstrated that we cannot justify the weight loss either by increasing the resting energy expenditure or decreasing; it is influenced by factors derived from the tumor and the beginning of an inflammatory process. Nutritional support and early tumor resection before starting treatment improves the nutritional prognosis
Mestrado
Ciencias Basicas
Mestre em Clinica Medica
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Miniat, Nancy P. 1953. « Resting metabolic rates in women of varying body composition ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276736.

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This study compared three indirect calorimetry determinations, as kcals/minute, over three consecutive days on 28 healthy, sedentary women of varying body composition. No significant within-individual variation for VO2, CO2, respiratory quotient (RQ), or Kcals/minute was found among the three days. A low coefficient of variation (3.4 +/- 3%) and a relatively small standard deviation in mean Kcals/day (1383 +/- 214) suggests possibly one or only a few measures are necessary for predicting resting metabolic rate (RMR) within a range applicable for clinical use. There were strong correlations of body weight and body composition variables (fat and LBM) with RMR. Knowing both LBM and fat mass increased the ability to predict RMR significantly over the prediction with either variable alone. The Harris Benedict equation over-predicted RMR by 11.1% compared to RMR measured by indirect calorimetry. When equations are based on body weight, rather than LBM, metabolic rate may be over-predicted in obese populations.
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Dyer, Sarah. « Basal metabolic rate in pre-adolescent and adolescent children in Oxford, England ». Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363721.

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Phillips, Brian. « The effects of resistance training on resting metabolic rates in overweight adults / ». Read thesis online, 2010. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/PhillipsB2010.pdf.

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Livres sur le sujet "METABOLISMO BASALE"

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Baik, Sonya A. Catecholamines and basal metabolism in the myocardium. Ottawa : National Library of Canada, 1986.

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Reeves, Sue L. Biological variation in basal metabolic rate and energy metabolism. Oxford : Oxford Brookes University, 1997.

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Schofield, W. N. Basal metabolic rate : Review and prediction, together with an annotated bibliography of source material. London : J. Libbey, 1985.

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Measuring metabolic rates : A manual for scientists. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Abbott, Maude E. The determination of basal metabolism by the "respiratory-valve and spirometer method" of indirect calorimetry with an observation on a case of polyeythaemia with splenomegaly / by Maude E. Abbott. [Canada ? : s.n., 1996.

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Human energetics in biological anthropology. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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S, Oh Man, dir. Water, electrolyte, and acid-base metabolism : Diagnosis and management. 2e éd. Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott, 1989.

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Michael, Tepper James, Abercrombie Elizabeth D et Bolam J. P, dir. GABA and the basal ganglia : From molecules to systems. Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2007.

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Johnson, Jan. Metabolic balancing : Organizational worksbook : an individual approach of a personal health maintenance program. Palo Alto, Calif : Bottom Line Books, 1988.

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Garcia, Oz. The balance : Your personal prescription for super metabolism, renewed vitality, maximum health, instant rejuvenation. New York : Regan Books, 2000.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "METABOLISMO BASALE"

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Loiselle, D. S. « Cardiac basal and activation metabolism ». Dans Cardiac Energetics, 37–50. Heidelberg : Steinkopff, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11289-2_4.

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Turner, Amanda G., et Katrina J. Edwards. « Microbe-Metal Interactions on Seafloor Basalts ». Dans Microbial Metal and Metalloid Metabolism, sous la direction de Jason B. Sylvan, 65—P4. Washington, DC, USA : ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817190.ch4.

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Thurman, Joshua M., et Tomas Berl. « Disorders of Water Metabolism ». Dans Core Concepts in the Disorders of Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance, 29–48. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3770-3_2.

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O’Donnell, M. J., et Andrew Donini. « Nitrogen Excretion and Metabolism in Insects ». Dans Acid-Base Balance and Nitrogen Excretion in Invertebrates, 109–26. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39617-0_4.

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Linton, Stuart M., Jonathan C. Wright et Caitlin G. Howe. « Nitrogenous Waste Metabolism Within Terrestrial Crustacea, with Special Reference to Purine Deposits and Their Metabolism ». Dans Acid-Base Balance and Nitrogen Excretion in Invertebrates, 25–59. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39617-0_2.

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Nemoto, Edwin M., Liping Yao, Howard Yonas et Joseph Darby. « Active and Basal Whole Brain Blood Flow, Oxygen and Glucose Metabolism in Monkeys ». Dans Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIV, 695–99. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3428-0_83.

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McNab, Brian K. « Basal Rate of Metabolism, Body Size, and Food Habits in the Order Carnivora ». Dans Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, 335–54. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4716-4_13.

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Wennmalm, Å. « Metabolism and Excretion of Nitric Oxide in Man : Basal Studies and Clinical Applications ». Dans Mediators in the Cardiovascular System : Regional Ischemia, 129–38. Basel : Birkhäuser Basel, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7346-8_18.

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Nemoto, Edwin M., Richard Klementavicius, John A. Melick et Howard Yonas. « Effect of Mild Hypothermia on Active and Basal Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism and Blood Flow ». Dans Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 469–73. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1875-4_84.

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McNab, Brian K. « 12. Basal Rate of Metabolism, Body Size, and Food Habits in the Order Carnivora ». Dans Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, sous la direction de John L. Gittleman, 335–54. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501745812-018.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "METABOLISMO BASALE"

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Dogru, Gonca, Hasim Boyaci, Serap Argun Baris, Tugba Onyilmaz, Ilknur Basyigit et Fusun Yildiz. « The effect of BPAP therapy on basal metabolism rate in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome ». Dans Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2389.

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Khachatryan, K. V. « DUST LOAD AS PROBABLE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR ». Dans The 4th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» International Youth Forum (OHIYF-2022). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-6-9-2022-1-185-189.

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Introduction: The impact of harmful occupational factors has adverse effect to human body functional state due to regulatory mechanisms tension, which contributes to occupational diseases and premature aging development. The goal of the work: dust professions workers comparative assessment of cardiovascular risk indicators and elastic properties of vascular wall. Methods: First group included workers exposed to industrial aerosols during work (17 people), second group included workers working out of contact with industrial aerosol (15 people). The groups were comparable by age (53.0±1.43 and 54.7±2.41 years, respectively (p > 0.05). Vascular wall arterial stiffness were assessed by volumetric sphygmography, electrical impedance parameters, indicators of carbohydrate, lipid and nitrogen metabolism, cardiovascular risk assessment carried out by SCORE scale. Results: Working with dust factor, under lower levels of body mass index and lipid spectrum indices, higher indicators of vascular wall stiffness and pulse wave propagation velocity were noted compared to workers without contact with industrial aerosols. Stiffness indicators showed positive relationship with age, urea levels, high-density lipoproteins. Indicators of lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins) showed positive relationship with fat mass level and negative relationship with musculoskeletal mass proportion and specific basal metabolism. Conclusions: There is reason to assume that dust load is probably significant cardiovascular risk factor and may be comparable in importance to traditional risk factors.
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Kockmann, V., E. Véricel, M. Croset et M. Lagarde. « IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EFFECT OF VITAMIN E ON NORMAL HUMAN PLATELETS. AGGREGATION AND ARACHIDONIC ACID (AA) METABOLISM ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644624.

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Oxygenated metabolism of AA through cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways involves peroxide species and vitamin E has been extensively studied as an agent that could reduce this lipid peroxidation. In the present study, effects of vitamin E has been investigated upon AA metabolism in normal human platelets with both in vivo and in vitro approaches. Using low doses of vitamin E either in vivo or in vitro, we have succeeded to almost double plasma and platelet a-tocopherol (determinated by HPLC). Despite such an enrichment platelet aggregation induced by agents involved in the AA cascade (collagen, arachidonate and U46619) was not affected. Similarly, the oxygenation of exogenous AA determined by HHT, HETE and TxB2 production was not modified. When the oxygenated products were measured after thrombin stimulation, some variations could be noted, although rarely significant. The tendency was a decrease after in vitro enrichment and an increase when enrichment occured in vivo. Basal oxygenated metabolism of AA in vivo was assessed by measuring 6-Keto-PGFla, 2,3-dinor-6-Keto-PGFla, TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2 in urine. All of them tended to increase after vitamin E intake, although not significantly. The oxygenation of eicosapentaenoic acid, which is markedly potentiated by AA through its hydroperoxide, 12 HPETE, was not altered after vitamin E treatment, confirming that vitamin E does not alter the specific peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in normal platelets. We conclude that vitamin E supplement does not affect the AA dependent aggregation neither the oxygenated metabolism of AA in normal human platelets. This does not exclude that it might be however useful in platelets that exhibit a relative deficiency in this vitamin (e.g. diabetes and aging) where it could slow down both AA peroxidation and aggregation.
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Koutouzov, S., A. Remmal, P. Marche et P. Meyer. « IMPAIRMENT OF PLATELET PHOSPHOINOSITIDE METABOLISM IN PRIMARY HYPERTENSION ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643812.

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Blood platelets from hypertensive patients and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) display multiple abnormalities when compared with cells from normotensive controls. The major features of the modified platelet profile are an enhanced rate of adhesion/aggregation in response to many stimuli, a greater sensitivity for thrombin and adrenaline to produce increases in cytoplasmic free Ca2+, and an exaggerated release reaction. Furthermore, the resting levels of cytosolic free Ca2+ ions are specifically and constantly increased. Since phosphoinositides are involved in the stimulus-response coupling mediated by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, the metabolism of these lipids was investigated in platelets of SHR and compared with those of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Following 32P-labelling of quiescent platelets, labeled lipids were analyzed both in platelets at rest and after thrombin stimulation. In resting platelets, the 32P associated with each of the phosphoinositides and phosphatidic acid (PA) was similar in SHR and WKY indicating that both the pool size of the various lipids and their basal turnover did not differ between the two strains. By contrast, within the first seconds after thrombin stimulation (10-60 sec), the dose-response and time-course curves of agonist-induced increase in 32P-PA were markedly shifted to the left and reached higher equilibrium levels in SHR. Since thrombin-induced 32P-PA formation is held as the most sensitive index of phospholipase C activity, our results indicate that this enzyme displays hyperreactivity in SHR (vs WKY). It is therefore likely that in SHR, the enhanced physiological responses (serotonin secretion, aggregation) that we observed under the same experimental conditions may be related to an increased formation of Phospholipase C products (inosi-toltriphosphate and diacylglycerol) which are the two second messengers responsible for internal Ca2+ mobilization and activation of protein kinase C, respectively. Therefore, these data suggest that the hypersensitivity of Phospholipase C may be involved in the overall alteration of cell calcium handling and hence in the SHR platelet responses.
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Kryzhko, A. V., et A. V. Shirma. « Features of Origanum vulgare L. basal metabolism substances in the plants treated with entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis ». Dans 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes : the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.135.

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The treatment with B. thuringiensis 888 strain of O. vulgare courses the increasing of the sugar content. The sample #2 demonstrated the increasing of ascorbic acid content. So, the treatment can influence the dynamic of protector substances in O. vulgare plants.
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Özden, C., L. Frings, I. Apostolova, C. Lange, S. Klutmann, G. Adam, P. Bannas, PT Meyer, M. Grothe et R. Buchert. « Glucose metabolism in the basal forebrain of patients with Lewy-body disease assessed by high-resolution digital PET ». Dans NuklearMedizin 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1683660.

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Terres, W., C. Hamm, W. Kupper et W. Bleifeld. « PLATELET AGGREGABLLITY AND METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643777.

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Several platelet products indicating platelet activation have been detected in blood and urine of patients (PTS) with angina pectoris (AP) at rest. Platelet activation mainly depends on local changes in the morphology or biochemical behaviour of the vessels. Whether platelet hyperaggregability is of additional importance in the pathogenesis of unstable AP is up to now unclear. In a prospective trial we therefore evaluated 32 patients (PTS) with coronary heart disease, 16 with AP at rest during the last 8 hours before blood collection and 16 age and sex matched controls with stable exertional AP. Platelet aggregation was measured upon stimulation with ADP (0.5, 1 and 10 μmol/l) and collagen (1and 5μg/ml), and c-AMP was determined in platelet rich plasma before, and, as an estimate of platelet adenylate cyclase activity, after stimulation of this enzyme with PGE 1 (10 μmol/l for 30 s). For all concentrations of both ADP and collagen no significant differences in the rates and extents of aggregation could be found between the groups. Correspondingly, the mean (±. 2 SEM) concentrations of c-AMP were similar, basally (4.1 ±.1.4 pmol/ml for PTS withunstable AP and 5.3 t 1.3 pmol/ml for PTS with stable AP)and after stimulation of platelet adenylate cyclase with PGE 1 (14.8 ± 4.1 vs. 17.2 ± 2.8 pmol/ml).Conclusion: No generalized platelet hyperaggregability could be detected in our PTS with unstable AP when compared to controls with stable exertional AP.
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Onyilmaz, Tugba, Serap Argun Baris, Hasim Boyaci, Gonca Ornek, Ilknur Basyigit et Fusun Yildiz. « The effect of continuous positive airway pressure on basal metabolism rate in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ». Dans Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.oa1750.

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Henry, Christophe, Michael Lampa, Timothy He, Beatriz Ospina, Bailin Zhang, Gejing Deng, Claude Barberis et al. « Abstract 5472 : Basal-like breast cancer subtype is characterized by deregulated glutamine metabolism and is sensitive to GLS inhibition ». Dans Proceedings : AACR Annual Meeting 2018 ; April 14-18, 2018 ; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5472.

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Schmitz, Anelise, Juliano Libraga et Miguel Aloysio Sattler. « PEGADA ENERGÉTICA E A PEGADA DE CARBONO DA MUNICIPALIDADE DE FELIZ/RS ». Dans XVIII ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO. UFRGS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/entac.v18i.997.

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O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a Pegada Energética e a Pegada de Carbono, para a municipalidade de Feliz, RS. A contabilização dos fluxos de materiais, medindo a quantidade total de recursos naturais e de produtos que são usados por uma economia, foi alcançada com base no trabalho elaborado por Kuhn (2014). A partir desta fonte de metabolismo da municipalidade, foram avaliados os coeficientes para a contabilização de consumo de energia, em MJ/Kg e de emissões de CO2, em kgCO2/kg, os quais identificam as consequências ambientais do consumo, expressas numa única quantidade. As análises reúnem trinta e quatro itens, identificando os produtos movimentados no município, durante o ano de 2011 (ano base, para os dados de Kuhn), para cada Pegada. Apresenta-se, também o cálculo individualizado de cada Pegada, por habitante e por unidade de área do município.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "METABOLISMO BASALE"

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Corscadden, Louise, et Anjali Singh. Metabolism And Measurable Metabolic Parameters. ConductScience, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/me20221213.

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Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions involved in sustaining the life of organisms.[1] It constantly provides your body with the energy to perform essential functions. The process is categorized into two groups:[2] Catabolism: It’s the process of breaking down molecules to obtain energy. For example, converting glucose to pyruvate by cellular respiration. Anabolism: It’s the process of synthesis of compounds required to run the metabolic process of the organisms. For example, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.[2] Metabolism is affected by a range of factors, such as age, sex, muscle mass, body size, and physical activity affect metabolism or BMR (the basal metabolic rate). By definition, BMR is the minimum amount of calories your body requires to function at rest.[2] Now, you have a rough idea about the concept. But, you might wonder why you need to study it. What and how metabolic parameters are measured to determine the metabolism of the organism? Find the answer to all these questions in this article.
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Meidan, Rina, et Robert Milvae. Regulation of Bovine Corpus Luteum Function. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604935.bard.

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The main goal of this research plan was to elucidate regulatory mechanisms controlling the development, function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). The CL contains two different sterodigenic cell types and therefore it was necessary to obtain pure cell population. A system was developed in which granulosa and theca interna cells, isolated from a preovulatory follicle, acquired characteristics typical of large (LL) and small (SL) luteal cells, respectively, as judged by several biochemical and morphological criteria. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of granulosa cells removal on subsequent CL function, the results obtained support the concept that granulosa cells make a substaintial contribution to the output of progesterone by the cyclic CL but may have a limited role in determining the functional lifespan of the CL. This experimental model was also used to better understand the contribution of follicular granulosa cells to subsequent luteal SCC mRNA expression. The mitochondrial cytochrome side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC), which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the steroidogenic pathway. Experiments were conducted to characterize the gene expression of P450scc in bovine CL. Levels of P450scc mRNA were higher during mid-luteal phase than in either the early or late luteal phases. PGF 2a injection decreased luteal P450scc mRNA in a time-dependent manner; levels were significantly reduced by 2h after treatment. CLs obtained from heifers on day 8 of the estrous cycle which had granulosa cells removed had a 45% reduction in the levels of mRNA for SCC enzymes as well as a 78% reduction in the numbers of LL cells. To characterize SCC expression in each steroidogenic cell type we utilized pure cell populations. Upon luteinization, LL expressed 2-3 fold higher amounts of both SCC enzymes mRNAs than SL. Moreover, eight days after stimulant removal, LL retained their P4 production capacity, expressed P450scc mRNA and contained this protein. In our attempts to establish the in vitro luteinization model, we had to select the prevulatory and pre-gonadotropin surge follicles. The ratio of estradiol:P4 which is often used was unreliable since P4 levels are high in atretic follicles and also in preovulatory post-gonadotropin follicles. We have therefore examined whether oxytocin (OT) levels in follicular fluids could enhance our ability to correctly and easily define follicular status. Based on E2 and OT concentrations in follicular fluids we could more accurately identify follicles that are preovulatory and post gonadotropin surge. Next we studied OT biosynthesis in granulosa cells, cells which were incubated with forskolin contained stores of the precursor indicating that forskolin (which mimics gonadotropin action) is an effective stimulator of OT biosynthesis and release. While studying in vitro luteinization, we noticed that IGF-I induced effects were not identical to those induced by insulin despite the fact that megadoses of insulin were used. This was the first indication that the cells may secrete IGF binding protein(s) which regonize IGFs and not insulin. In a detailed study involving several techniques, we characterized the species of IGF binding proteins secreted by luteal cells. The effects of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid on the production of P4 and prostanoids by dispersed bovine luteal cells was examined. The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in basal and LH-stimulated biosynthesis of P4 and PGI2 and an increase in production of PGF 2a and 5-HETE production. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism via the production of 5-HETE was unaffected. Results of these experiments suggest that the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on the biosynthesis of luteal P4 is due to either a direct action of arachidonic acid, or its conversion to 5-HETE via the lipoxgenase pathway of metabolism. The detailed and important information gained by the two labs elucidated the mode of action of factors crucially important to the function of the bovine CL. The data indicate that follicular granulosa cells make a major contribution to numbers of large luteal cells, OT and basal P4 production, as well as the content of cytochrome P450 scc. Granulosa-derived large luteal cells have distinct features: when luteinized, the cell no longer possesses LH receptors, its cAMP response is diminished yet P4 synthesis is sustained. This may imply that maintenance of P4 (even in the absence of a Luteotropic signal) during critical periods such as pregnancy recognition, is dependent on the proper luteinization and function of the large luteal cell.
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Bennett, Alan B., Arthur A. Schaffer, Ilan Levin, Marina Petreikov et Adi Doron-Faigenboim. Manipulating fruit chloroplasts as a strategy to improve fruit quality. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598148.bard.

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The Original Objectives were modified and two were eliminated to reflect the experimental results: Objective 1 - Identify additional genetic variability in SlGLK2 and IPin wild, traditional and heirloom tomato varieties Objective 2 - Determine carbon balance and horticultural characteristics of isogenic lines expressing functional and non-functional alleles of GLKsand IP Background: The goal of the research was to understand the unique aspects of chloroplasts and photosynthesis in green fruit and the consequences of increasing the chloroplast capacity of green fruit for ripe fruit sugars, yield, flavor and nutrient qualities. By focusing on the regulation of chloroplast formation and development solely in fruit, our integrated knowledge of photosynthetic structures/organs could be broadened and the results of the work could impact the design of manipulations to optimize quality outputs for the agricultural fruit with enhanced sugars, nutrients and flavors. The project was based on the hypothesis that photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic plastid metabolism in green tomato fruit is controlled at a basal level by light for minimal energy requirements but fruit-specific genes regulate further development of robust chloroplasts in this organ. Our BARD project goals were to characterize and quantitate the photosynthesis and chloroplast derived products impacted by expression of a tomato Golden 2- like 2 transcription factor (US activities) in a diverse set of 31 heirloom tomato lines and examine the role of another potential regulator, the product of the Intense Pigment gene (IP activities). Using tomato Golden 2-like 2 and Intense Pigment, which was an undefined locus that leads to enhanced chloroplast development in green fruit, we sought to determine the benefits and costs of extensive chloroplast development in fruit prior to ripening. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter, coding and intronicSlGLK2 sequences of 20 heirloom tomato lines were identified and three SlGLK2 promoter lineages were identified; two lineages also had striped fruit variants. Lines with striped fruit but no shoulders were not identified. Green fruit chlorophyll and ripe fruit soluble sugar levels were measured in 31 heirloom varieties and fruit size correlates with ripe fruit sugars but dark shoulders does not. A combination of fine mapping, recombinant generation, RNAseq expression and SNP calling all indicated that the proposed localization of a single locus IP on chr 10 was incorrect. Rather, the IP line harbored 11 separate introgressions from the S. chmielewskiparent, scattered throughout the genome. These introgressions harbored ~3% of the wild species genome and no recombinant consistently recovered the IP parental phenotype. The 11 introgressions were dissected into small combinations in segregating recombinant populations. Based on these analyses two QTL for Brix content were identified, accounting for the effect of increased Brix in the IP line. Scientific and agricultural implications: SlGLK2 sequence variation in heirloom tomato varieties has been identified and can be used to breed for differences in SlGLK2 expression and possibly in the green striped fruit phenotype. Two QTL for Brix content have been identified in the S. chmielewskiparental line and these can be used for increasing soluble solids contents in breeding programs.
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