Thèses sur le sujet « Mesure Géométrique de l'intrication »
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Amouzou, Grâce Dorcas Akpéné. « Etude de l’intrication par les polynômes de Mermin : application aux algorithmes quantiques ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK063.
Texte intégralThis thesis explores the measurement of entanglement in certain hypergraph states, in certain quantum algorithms like the Quantum Phase estimation and Counting algorithms as well as in reactive agent circuits, using the geometric measurement of entanglement, tools from Mermin polynomials and coefficient matrices. Entanglement is a concept present in quantum physics that has no known equivalent to date in classical physics.The core of our research is based on the implementation of entanglement detection and measurement devices in order to study quantum states from the point of view of entanglement.With this in mind, calculations are first carried out numerically and then on a quantum simulator and computer. Indeed, three of the tools used can be implemented on a quantum machine, which allows us to compare theoretical and "real" results
Albouy, Olivier. « Algèbre et géométrie discrètes appliquées au groupe de Pauli et aux bases décorrélées en théorie de l'information quantique ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402290.
Texte intégralPuis nous étudions de façon systématique la possibilité de construire de telles bases au moyen des opérateurs de Pauli. 1) L'étude de la droite projective sur (Z_d)^m montre que, pour obtenir des ensembles maximaux de bases décorrélées à l'aide d'opérateurs de Pauli, il est nécessaire de considérer des produits tensoriels de ces opérateurs. 2) Les sous-modules lagrangiens de (Z_d)^2n, dont nous donnons une classification complète, rendent compte des ensembles maximalement commutant d'opérateurs de Pauli. Cette classification permet de savoir lesquels de ces ensembles sont susceptibles de donner des bases décorrélées : ils correspondent aux demi-modules lagrangiens, qui s'interprètent encore comme les points isotropes de la droite projective (P(Mat(n, Z_d)^2),ω). Nous explicitons alors un isomorphisme entre les bases décorrélées ainsi obtenues et les demi-modules lagrangiens distants, ce qui précise aussi la correspondance entre sommes de Gauss et bases décorrélées. 3) Des corollaires sur le groupe de Clifford et l'espace des phases discret sont alors développés.
Enfin, nous présentons quelques outils inspirés de l'étude précédente. Nous traitons ainsi du rapport anharmonique sur la sphère de Bloch, de géométrie projective en dimension supérieure, des opérateurs de Pauli continus et nous comparons l'entropie de von Neumann à une mesure de l'intrication par calcul d'un déterminant.
Jaffali, Hamza. « Étude de l'Intrication dans les Algorithmes Quantiques : Approche Géométrique et Outils Dérivés ». Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA017.
Texte intégralQuantum entanglement is one of the most interesting phenomenon in Quantum Mechanics, and especially in Quantum Information. It is a fundamental resource in Quantum Computing, and its role in the efficiency and accuracy of quantum algorithms or protocols is not yet fully understood. In this thesis, we study quantum entanglement of multipartite states, and more precisely the nature of entanglement involved in quantum algorithms. This study is theoretical, and uses tools mainly coming from algebraic geometry.We focus on Grover’s and Shor’s algorithms, and determine what entanglement classes are reached (or not) by these algorithms, and this is the qualitative part of our study. Moreover, we quantitatively measure entanglement, using geometric and algebraic measures, and study its evolution through the several steps of these algorithms. We also propose original geometrical interpretations of the numerical results.On another hand, we also develop and exploit new tools for measuring, characterizing and classifying quantum entanglement. First, from a mathematical point of view, we study singularities of hypersurfaces associated to quantum states in order to characterize several entanglement classes. Secondly, we propose new candidates for maximally entangled states, especially for symmetric and fermionic systems, using polynomial invariants and geometric measure of entanglement. Finally, we use Machine Learning, more precisely the supervised approach using neural networks, to learn how to recognize algebraic varieties directly related with some entanglement classes
Lacroix, Cyril. « Caractérisation géométrique des assemblages flexibles par la mesure ». Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0031/document.
Texte intégralThe emergence of composite materials in aeronautics leads to lighter structures. However, these new materials induce new constraints to the assembly process. The adaptation is not yet complete. Indeed many operations are necessary to respect the new requirements, but are considered as non-productive. In the context of the European project LOCOMACHS, an assembly simulation tool is developed to limit the use of these operations. This thesis relates to the validation, from the measure, of the models used for flexible assembly simulation. A method to evaluate the geometry of a flexible component is implemented. The method compensates, by simulation, the effects of the environment on the component during its measurement. A sensitivity analysis of the method against changes in various measurement parameters and simulation parameters is performed in order to define a framework for implementation. Parameters of the model used to perform the compensation by simulation are not representative of the actual behavior. A modal analysis of deviations to a chosen reference geometry contributes to the adjustment of these parameters. This reference geometry is obtained by a reversal method applied in a flexible context to cancel some of the effects of the environment on the measured geometry of the component. The gap between the assembled components is the geometric key characteristic in an assembly of aeronautical composite structure. The assembly simulation, from measuring data of flexible components, enables to evaluate the gap between the components prior to assembly. Gap measurement methods in an assembly of flexible components are proposed, and they have been experimentally performed. The comparison of measured and simulated gaps highlights the performance of the simulation tool, and the difficulties in modeling actual measurement environment and actual assembly environment
Bourdet, Pierre. « Contribution à la mesure tridimensionnelle : modèle d'identification géométrique des surfaces, métrologie fonctionnelle des pièces mécaniques, correction géométrique des machines à mesurer tridimentionnelles ». Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10041.
Texte intégralContri, Alexandre. « Qualité géométrique de la mesure de surfaces complexes par moyens optiques ». Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DENS0025.
Texte intégralGrelard, Florent. « Caractérisation géométrique d’organes tubulaires ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0815/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis is dedicated to the study of tubular organs, such as blood vessels, bronchii, or neurons. Several diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for bronchii, distort the structure of tubular organs. Several tools are necessary in order to make precise and reproducible measurements and to track the organ over time. The main goal of this thesis is to define new tools for the automatic characterization of tubular organs. This characterization is based on the geometrical analysis from a segmentation. There are various state-of-the-art methods to perform geometrical measurements, but some of them require to extract alternative representations from the organ. In this thesis, we focus on two of these : curvilinear skeletons and 2D planes computed from the axis of the tube. Our first contribution is a method for the precise estimation of orthogonal planes. In addition, we propose a skeletonization algorithm as well as methods to improve existing skeletons. At the end of this manuscript, we introduce a method from a work in progress which allows to filter tubular structures in grayscale images
Albouy, Olivier. « Discrete algebra and geometry applied to the Pauli group and mutually unbiased bases in quantum information theory ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612229.
Texte intégralJuillet, Nicolas. « Transport optimal et analyse géométrique dans les groupes de Heisenberg ». Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10280.
Texte intégralIn this thesis we consider the Heisenberg group H_n=\R^{2n+1} with its Carnot-Carathéodory distance d_c and the Lebesgue measure\L^{2n+1}. In Chapter 1, in relation with the geometric traveling salesman problem in H_1, we construct a curve of finite length that does not satisfy the criterion of Ferrari, Franchi and Pajot about sets contained in the range of a rectifiable curve. We also prove a sharp Jacobian estimate of that maps that contract sets to a point going along geodesics. This is essentially equivalent to the Measure Contraction Property MCP(0,2n+3). With this estimate we answer positively a question by Ambrosio and Rigot about optimal transport in H_n (common work with Figalli). Indeed, in Chapter 2 we prove the absolute continuity of the measure of H_n on a Wasserstein geodesics starting from an absolutely continuous measure. In Chapter 3, we prove that the Curvature-Dimension CD(K,N) condition defined by optimal transport does not hold for any K\in\R and N\in[1,+\infty]. We also discuss other metric curvature properties in the case of H_n. Finally Chapter 4 is devoted to the concordance of the subelliptic "heat'' equation and the Wasserstein gradient flow of the Bolzmann entropy
Renaud, Pierre. « Apport de la vision pour l'identification géométrique de mécanismes parallèles ». Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21432.
Texte intégralChollet, Patrice. « Contribution à la modélisation de la précision géométrique des machines à coordonnées ». Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0186.
Texte intégralBrécheteau, Claire. « Vers une vision robuste de l'inférence géométrique ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS334/document.
Texte intégralIt is primordial to establish effective and robust methods to extract pertinent information from datasets. We focus on datasets that can be represented as point clouds in some metric space, e.g. Euclidean space R^d; and that are generated according to some distribution. Of the natural questions that may arise when one has access to data, three are addressed in this thesis. The first question concerns the comparison of two sets of points. How to decide whether two datasets have been generated according to similar distributions? We build a statistical test allowing to one to decide whether two point clouds have been generated from distributions that are equal (up to some rigid transformation e.g. symmetry, translation, rotation...).The second question is about the decomposition of a set of points into clusters. Given a point cloud, how does one make relevant clusters? Often, it consists of selecting a set of k representatives, and associating every point to its closest representative (in some sense to be defined). We develop methods suited to data sampled according to some mixture of k distributions, possibly with outliers. Finally, when the data can not be grouped naturally into $k$ clusters, e.g. when they are generated in a close neighborhood of some sub-manifold in R^d, a more relevant question is the following. How to build a system of $k$ representatives, with k large, from which it is possible to recover the sub-manifold? This last question is related to the problems of quantization and compact set inference. To address it, we introduce and study a modification of the $k$-means method adapted to the presence of outliers, in the context of quantization. The answers we bring in this thesis are of two types, theoretical and algorithmic. The methods we develop are based on continuous objects built from distributions and sub-measures. Statistical studies allow us to measure the proximity between the empirical objects and the continuous ones. These methods are easy to implement in practice, when samples of points are available. The main tool in this thesis is the function distance-to-measure, which was originally introduced to make topological data analysis work in the presence of outliers
Diolez, Gilles. « Maîtrise de la position géométrique des solides : vers de nouveaux outils plus efficaces ». Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002351.
Texte intégralBabanezhad, Kaveh. « Inspection géométrique des pièces flexibles sans gabarit de conformation ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI023.
Texte intégralIn manufacturing, quality control (QC) is an essential phase of a product’s lifecycle management (PLM) as it ensures customers receive parts within permissible tolerance ranges and free from defects. Given that all manufactured parts often have geometrical differences compared to their nominal computer-aided design (CAD) models, performing geometrical inspections becomes critical during the QC phase. Nowadays, actual measurements and defect identification during geometrical inspections have been semi-automated through the use of computer-aided inspection (CAI) software. Such software can simplify the inspection into a data acquisition task (contact-based probing or non-contact scanning of the part) followed by semi-automated procedures in a software environment. Despite their growing popularity and practicality, currently available CAI software assume the input acquired data are from a rigid part. This assumption is a major limitation given that not all manufactured parts are rigid, and in some sectors such as the aeronautical industries a considerable percentage of all manufactured components (35 to 40 percent) possess some nonrigid behavior. In other words, CAI software can only be used when a part maintains its shape in both free-state and state-of-use positions. Free-state shape is that which a part has without inspection fixture support and/or before assembly, whilst state-of-use shape is that which is defined in the nominal CAD. Although free-state and state-of-use positions are the same for rigid parts, some mechanical parts such as sheet metals and skins (thin-wall featured parts) often have significantly large geometric deviations in a free-state position compared to their nominal CAD models due to the effects of gravity and residual stress. Referring to such parts as flexible, the aforementioned deviations force the QC technicians to traditionally use a variety of inspection fixtures and conformation jigs in order to maintain flexible parts in their state-of-use position before using conventional CAI software. Without fixation, the free-state elastic geometric deviation of flexible parts would be mistaken by CAI software as plastic deformations and as a result identified as defects. With fixation, the aforementioned free-state deviations are removed before data acquisition, and whatever deviations remain can be inspected as potential defects. However, multiple disadvantages exist in using fixtures including: time consuming set-up process (e.g. 60+ hours for a skin panel in the aerospace industry), considerable purchase and operating expenses, limitations of standard fixture kits in some scenarios, big errors in CAI analysis if fixation has not been conducted correctly, etc. Such disadvantages have recently led researchers to:1) try to circumvent use of fixtures by digitally deforming (or better called registering) the acquired free-state pointcloud/mesh data of a flexible part until it superimposes onto the part’s corresponding nominal CAD model, thereby elastically deforming the data to obtain an optimal state-of-use shape whilst avoiding neutralization of any existing manufacturing defects2) and to try to introduce dedicated defect identification modules with higher degrees of automation (compared to conventional semi-automated CAI tools)In this thesis the same two goals are pursued. A bi-criterion registration method (and two algorithms/demos based upon it) is proposed to achieve the first goal, thereby enabling defect identification of flexible parts in conventional CAI software without the use of fixtures. This is followed by introducing an automated method for fast approximation of defect amplitudes (and an algorithm/demo based upon it) to achieve the second goal. Validation was conducted against a number of virtual (simulated) and experimental industrial case studies. Obtained satisfactory results reflect the effectiveness and utility of the proposed methods
Goldman, Dorian. « Formation de motifs dans une énergie de Cahn-Hilliard non locale ». Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066349.
Texte intégralWe study the asymptotic behavior of a non-local Cahn-Hilliard energy, often referred to as the Ohta-Kawasakienergy in the context of di-block copolymer melts. In that model, twophases appear, and they interact via a non-local Coulombic type energy. We focus onthe regime where one of the phases has very small volume fraction, thus creating``droplets" of that phase in a sea of the other phase. We computethe Gamma-limit of the leading order energy and yield averaged information foralmost minimizers, namely that the density of the minority phase forms droplets which are almost spherical, with the same radii, and areuniformly distributed throughout the domain. We then derive a next order Gamma-limit energy which determines the geometricarrangement of the droplets. Without thus appealing at all to the Euler-Lagrange equation, we establish here for allconfigurations which have ``almost minimal energy," the asymptotic roundness andradius of the droplets, and the fact that they asymptoticallyshrink to points whose arrangement should minimize this energy, insome averaged sense; this leads to expecting to see triangular lattices ofdroplets. In addition, we prove that the density of droplets of a priori non-minimizing stationarypoints of the energy is also aysmptotically uniform even in dimensions \geq 2. We also study a non-local isoperimetric problem in \mathbb{R}^2 We showthat the connected critical points are determined by perimeter alone, under mild assumptions on theboundary, in the small energy/mass regime. These results differ from the recent results ofJulin and Muratov-Knupfer in that they concerngeneral critical points rather than global minimizers to the energy, making it a non-local extensionof the well known fact by Alexandrov that the only compact, connected, constant curvature curve in the planeis the circle. Our method demonstrates that notonly does the perimeter dominate the non-locality when minimizing this energy, but alsothat the change in perimeter slaves to the change of the non-local term in this scaling regime
Sergent, Philippe. « Optimisation géométrique du contrôle actif dans les gaines de ventilation ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529385.
Texte intégralDutto, Vincent. « Mesure des défauts de forme de microballons par imagerie X : exploitation du phénomène de constraste de phase ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0013.
Texte intégralSince 1996, the CEA's Military Applications Division (DAM) guaranties the reliability and safety of Frenchnuclear warheads without conducting any further nuclear test. It relies particularly on major facilities forvalidating the equations used to model the functioning of nuclear weapons. Among them, the Megajoule Laser(LMJ) allows studying experimentally, as "laboratory" measurements, representative phenomena gatheringtime·scale and space distribution of extreme temperature and pressure conditions. These experiments are ledwith millimetric objects named microshells. Before experimenting them, these microshells are characterizedusing X·rays technics. On the radiographies, one can observe straight gray level variations which are generatedby the phase contrast phenomenon added to x·rays absorption contrast. Information included in this formercontrast is used to sharply determine microshell's edges. The delimiting points of these edges are thenintegrated as input data to compute microshell's surface form defects. A study is also led to determine theoptimized number of radiographies needed for estimating the search defect modes. Measurement uncertainty isfinally evaluated, thus giving a complete microshell's characterization
Han, Xiang'e. « Etude de la réfractométrie d'arc-en-ciel et applications à la mesure d'instabilités et des gradients de température d'un jet liquide ». Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES080.
Texte intégralThis thesis is devoted to the research on the new methods for the measurement of the refractive index, the diameter and their variation of a homogeneous particle, and investigate the radial temperature gradient of heating liquid jet. The high quality signals obtained from our measurement system insure this research. The generalised Lorenz-Mie theory has been applied to simulate and study the fine structure of rainbow and its angular spectrum. The results are then used to find the relation between the ripple frequency and the particle size and that between the ripple shift and the variation of the diameter. These relations permit us to measure the diameter (600+-2um) and the initial fluctuation of a liquid jet (as precise as 10 nm for a jet of 600 um) without knowing the absolute angle position of the detector. The position and the structure of rainbow depend not only on the refractive index and the size of the particle, but also on the gradient of the refractive index (which is a function of the temperature for the liquid as water). From the theoretical and experimental research on the ripple shift and the Airy peak position, we find that a particle with refractive index gradient can not be treated as a homogeneous particle with a effective refractive index, and we has also obtained from the experiments information of the temperature gradient of the heating jet
Gillot, Jonathan. « Expériences en interférométrie atomique : application à la mesure des phases géométriques He-McKellar-Wilkens et Aharonov-Casher ». Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2257/.
Texte intégralThe family of topological phases of electromagnetic origin consists of the Aharonov- Bohm (AB) phase predicted in 1959 and of the Aharonov-Casher (AC) and He-McKellar-Wilkens (HMW) phases predicted respectively in 1984 and 1993-1994. The AB phase and the AC phase have been quickly detected by experiments while the HMW phase was detected in 2011 by our team during the thesis of S. Lepoutre. The AC phase appears when a magnetic dipole interacts with an electric field perpendicular to the velocity and the dipole. The HMW phase, connected to the AC phase by the Maxwell duality, appears when an electric dipole interacts with a magnetic field perpendicular to its speed and to the dipole. This thesis presents the measurements of these two phases with an atomic Mach-Zehnder interferometer operating with the lithium atom 7Li and using Bragg diffraction by standing waves. I first describe the optical pumping of the atomic beam of lithium in a single Zeeman sublevel-hyperfine F = 2,mF = 2 (or -2) and its efficiency is close to 95 ± 5 %. This pumping has made undetectable the systematic effects that had complicated the first detection of the HMW phase. I then present the measurements of the AC and HMW phases which are small, about several dozens of milliradians respectively in our experience, with an uncertainty lower than 10%. By varying the average velocity of the atoms between 750m/s and 1500 m/s, we have checked that these two phases are independent of the velocity which proves their topological character
Dufloux, Laurent. « Dimension de Hausdorff des ensembles limites ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD022/document.
Texte intégralLet G be the group SO° (1,n) (n ≥ 3) or PU(1, n) (n ≥ 2) and fix some Iwasawa decomposition G = KAN. Let ɼ be a discrete subgroup of G.We assume that ɼ is Zariski-dense with finite Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measure. When G = SO°(1,n), we investigate the geometry of the Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measure elong connected closed subgroups of N. This is related to the Mohammadi-Oh dichotomy. We then prove deterministic results on the dimension of projections of Patterson-Sullivan measure. When G = PU(1,n), we relate the geometry of Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measure along the center of Heisenberg group to the problem of computing the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set with respect to the spherical metric on the boudary. We construct some Schottky subgroups for wich we are able to compute this dimension
Lecumberry, Myriam. « Structure géométrique des parois en micromagnétisme et des ondes de choc de solutions de lois de conservation scalaires ». Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004137.
Texte intégralXu, Feng. « Diffusion d’un faisceau quelconque par un sphéroïde et mesure en ligne de la vapeur humide par l’extinction spectrale de la lumière ». Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES005.
Texte intégralThe generalized Lorenz-Mie (GLMT) is developed to describe the interaction between an arbitrary shaped beam and a homogeneous spheroid. Analytical expressions of the amplitudes of the scattering fields, absorption and extinction crosssections, and the radiation pressure are obtained. The numerical results are also presented. To overcome the drawback of the GLMT in numerical calculation for a large spheroid, the classical geometrical optics is extended to the case of Gaussian beam scattering by a spheroid. In experimental aspect, an optical system on the basis of the spectral light extinction method is developed and used for wet steam measurement in EDF. The influences of the scattering by the particles in the edge measurement zone and of the multiple scattering on the extinction spectrum are analyzed by using the Monte Carlo method
Gillot, Jonathan. « Expériences en interférométrie atomique : application à la mesure des phases géométriques He-McKellar-Wilkens et Aharonov-Casher ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958827.
Texte intégralLouet, Jean. « Problèmes de transport optimal avec pénalisation en gradient ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070163.
Texte intégralDooze, David. « Conception et réalisation d'un stéréoscope bimodal à portée variable : application à la détection d'obstacles à l'avant de véhicules guidés automatisés ». Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-231.pdf.
Texte intégralNardi, Giacomo. « On a characterization of the relaxation of a generalized Willmore functional ». Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066539.
Texte intégralDutto, Vincent. « Mesure des défauts de forme de microballons par imagerie X : exploitation du phénomène de constraste de phase ». Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0013/document.
Texte intégralSince 1996, the CEA's Military Applications Division (DAM) guaranties the reliability and safety of Frenchnuclear warheads without conducting any further nuclear test. It relies particularly on major facilities forvalidating the equations used to model the functioning of nuclear weapons. Among them, the Megajoule Laser(LMJ) allows studying experimentally, as "laboratory" measurements, representative phenomena gatheringtime·scale and space distribution of extreme temperature and pressure conditions. These experiments are ledwith millimetric objects named microshells. Before experimenting them, these microshells are characterizedusing X·rays technics. On the radiographies, one can observe straight gray level variations which are generatedby the phase contrast phenomenon added to x·rays absorption contrast. Information included in this formercontrast is used to sharply determine microshell's edges. The delimiting points of these edges are thenintegrated as input data to compute microshell's surface form defects. A study is also led to determine theoptimized number of radiographies needed for estimating the search defect modes. Measurement uncertainty isfinally evaluated, thus giving a complete microshell's characterization
Albinet, Clément. « Sensibilité des observables radars à la variabilité temporelle et à la configuration géométrique de forêts tempérées et tropicales à partir de mesure de proximité haute-résolution ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989130.
Texte intégralFallot, Yann. « Maîtrise de la qualité géométrique des pièces de formes complexes dans le contexte de la continuité numérique ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN022.
Texte intégralThis PhD work is being carried out as part of a CIFRE PhD thesis in collaboration between Safran Aircraft Engines and the LURPA of the ENS Paris-Saclay. Safran Aircraft Engines designs and manufactures engines for civil and military aircraft. In order to meet the high level of global industrial development, Safran Aircraft Engines is constantly seeking to optimize the definitions of its parts while respecting production rate. Tolerancing standards are changing and control methods are improving. The challenge of this work is to control the geometric quality of complex shaped parts in the context of digital continuity.A method is used to establish the links between functions and geometric specifications. In addition, the traceability of dimensional and geometric characteristics is established during the product tolerancing phase.An extension of the CLIC method to components that deform locally is proposed. This extension is integrated into the tolerance method used to establish the links between functions and specifications.An innovative method of generating shape descriptors on surfaces allowing the separation of size, of shape, of position, and of orientation deviations is described in order to achieve a Discrete Modal Decomposition. In addition, the analysis of the results of the Discrete Modal Decomposition applied to thirty complex surfaces allows us to know the repeatability of the manufacturing process
Labourie, Camille. « Limites d'ensembles quasiminimaux et existence d'ensembles minimaux sous contraintes topologiques ». Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS008.
Texte intégralIn the nineteenth century, Joseph Plateau described the geometrical disposition of soap films. Their shape is explained by their tendency to minimize their area to a reach an equilibrium. Mathematicians have abstracted the concept of "surface with minimal area spanning a boundary" and have named the corresponding minimization problem, "Plateau problem". It has different formulations corresponding to as many ways of defining the class of "surfaces spanning a given boundary" and the "area" to minimize. In this thesis, we generalize to quasiminimizing sequences, the weak limit of minimizing sequences introduced by De Lellis, De Philippis, De Rosa, Ghiraldin and Maggi. We show that a weak limit of quasiminimal sets is quasiminimal. This result is analogous to the limiting theorem of David for the local Hausdorff convergence. Our proof is inspired by David's one while being simpler. We deduce a direct method to prove existence of solutions to various Plateau problem, even with a free boundary. We apply it then to two variants of the Reifenberg problem (fixed or free boundary) for all coefficient groups. Furthermore, we propose a structure to build Federer-Fleming projections as well as a new estimate on the choice of projection centers
Delaunay, Lionel. « Etude et réalisation d'un système de mesure du diamètre d'une fibre optique ». Saint-Etienne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STET4004.
Texte intégralGarcia, Dorian. « Mesure de formes et de champs de déplacements tridimensionnels par stéréo-corrélation d'images ». Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166476.
Texte intégralDans ce contexte, nous avons développé un système de mesure de formes 3D ou de champs de déplacements 3D par stéréovision (en particulier par stéréo-corrélation).
Cette technique permet : (1) la mesure de la forme 3D d'un objet à partir d'une simple paire d'images stéréoscopiques de l'objet, (2) la mesure de champs de déplacements 3D à partir d'au moins 2 paires d'images correspondant à différents instants de déformation de l'objet (en général analyse d'une séquence de paires d'images acquises en cours de déformation).
Les points développés dans la thèse sont : le calibrage fort d'une caméra ou d'un capteur de vision stéréoscopique, la reconstruction 3D par stéréovision (en particulier par stéréo-corrélation), la mesure de champs de déplacements 3D à partir du couplage de la stéréo-corrélation et du suivi de pixels dans une séquence d'images par corrélation. Compte tenu de la finalité métrologique de ces travaux, nous accordons une attention toute particulière à la précision des méthodes mises en oeuvre (qualité du calibrage, qualité de la mise en correspondance des images, corrélation subpixel,...).
Ces travaux ont été appliqués à l'emboutissage de tôles minces (mesure de formes 3D d'emboutis et mesure de champs de déformations à la surface d'emboutis 3D), à la mise en forme de polymères (mesure de champs de déplacements 3D sur des membranes en élastomère soufflées), et à l'étude du comportement mécanique de bétons réfractaires renforcés de fibres métalliques (mesure de champs de déplacements 3D lors d'essais de traction).
Perstneva, Polina. « Elliptic measure in domains with boundaries of codimension different from 1 ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASM037.
Texte intégralThis thesis studies different counterparts of the harmonic measure and their relations with the geometry of the boundary of a domain. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on the analogue of harmonic measure for domains with boundaries of smaller dimensions, defined via the theory of degenerate elliptic operators developed recently by David et al. More precisely, we prove that there is no non-degenerate one-parameter family of solutions to the equation LμDμ = 0, which constitutes the first step to recover an analogue of the statement ``if the distance function to the boundary of a domain is harmonic, then the boundary is flat'', missing from the theory of degenerate elliptic operators. We also find out and explain why the most natural strategy to extend our result to the absence of individual solutions to the equation LμDμ = 0 does not work. In the second part of the thesis, we focus on elliptic measures in the classical setting. We construct a new family of operators with scalar continuous coefficients whose elliptic measures are absolutely continuous with respect to the Hausdorff measures on Koch-type symmetric snowflakes. This family enriches the collection of a few known examples of elliptic measures which behave very differently from the harmonic measure and the elliptic measures of operators close in some sense to the Laplacian. Plus, our new examples are non-compact. Our construction also provides a possible method to construct operators with this type of behaviour for other fractals that possess enough symmetries
Briançon, Tanguy. « Problème de régularité en optimisation de formes ». Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10047.
Texte intégralVasilyev, Ioann. « On the existence for the Plateau problem in finite dimensional Banach spaces ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/VASILYEV_Ioann_2018.pdf.
Texte intégralIn this work we study existence of minimisers for the Plateau problem in case of finite dimensional Banach spaces. We work in the context of polyhedral and rectifiable G chains. We start with improving one theorem by Busemann, which states that each hyperplane in a finite dimensional Banach space admits area non-increasing projections (which by the way we call good projections). Namely, we prove that these projections do not increase Hausdorff measure of arbitrary (n - 1) rectifiable subsets. We use this property in order to show that those good projections do not increase the mass (the one relative to th Hausdorff measure) of (n - 1) rectifiable G chains. From here we derive the lower semi-continuity of the mass on the space of rectifiable G chains (via using the strong approximation theorem). This in turn gives us the desired existence result. Furthermore, we were able to prove that in the problem stated above there always exists a solution with the support inside of the convex hull of the boundary data.Along with the “classical" proof discussed above we have also established another proof of the existence of mass-minimizing (n - 1) rectifiable G chains in finite dimensional Banach spaces. Namely, we have proved that for rectifiable subsets of finite dimensional Banach spaces the Hausdorff and the Gross measures coincide. Since those Gross measures are lower semicontinuous, this provides us with an alternative proof of the existence.We apply one theorem of Burago and Ivanov in our proof of the corresponding triangle inequality for the polyhedral 2-cycles. Finally, we show the existence of mass minimizing 2 rectifiable G chains in finite dimensional Banach spaces
Thierry, Raphaël. « Correction de l'atténuation et de la réponse géométrique d'un détecteur en tomographie d'émission sur colis de déchets nucléaires ». Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004856.
Texte intégralPetitcuenot, Mathieu. « Maîtrise de la qualité géométrique des pièces de formes complexes sur tout le cycle de conception et fabrication : Application à une aube de turbine ». Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0025.
Texte intégralMy PhD thesis is integrated into a context of functional dimensioning development in a 3D CAD environment at Snecma, a major player in the aerospace propulsion world. The objectives of this research work are varied but follow one goal: mastery quality geometry throughout the design, control and manufacturing cycle, by the deployment of the ISO standards of tolerancing.At first a functional definition ISO is proposed for parts with complex shapes that make up a turbo-machine while considering issues related to metrology and automatic control without contact. This definition requires some updates of existing standards. Another problem was to meet industrial demands in their entirety by considering the various types of engine parts.A second important part of the work is to develop control and analyze tools for complex 3D shapes for a better understanding of their geometry by separating local and global faults, which do not have the same functional impact.A third part develops a 3D manufacturing transfer strategy on complex workpieces on mounting “6 points” by considering the surface orientation problems.All work ensures compliance of functional requirements, on parts with complex shapes, from definition to the workpiece through the deployment of ISO standards of tolerancing.This work led to a publication in CIRP CAT 2014 China, a Snecma internal development of a quantification tool of global / local defects, a strong wich to develop a 3D transfer generic tool based on the work done, two awards Snecma creativity with one ranked second in 2013 on all the awards and a major change in the control method of form profiles specifications
Briançon, Tanguy. « Problemes de régularité en optimisation de formes ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002013.
Texte intégralGrebenkov, Denis. « Transport laplacien aux interfaces irrégulières : étude théorique, numérique et expérimentale ». Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000853.
Texte intégralHuou, Benoit. « Inégalités isopérimétriques produit pour les élargissements euclidien et uniforme : symétrisation et inégalités fonctionnelles ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30239/document.
Texte intégralThe isoperimetric problem in a metric measured space consists in finding the sets having minimal boundary measure, with prescribed volume. It can be formulated in various settings (general metric measured spaces, Riemannian manifolds, submanifolds of the Euclidean space, ...). At this point, two questions arise : - What are the optimal sets, namely the sets having smallest boundary measure (it has to be said that they do not always exist) ? - What is the smallest boundary measure ? The solution to the second answer can be expressed by a function called the isoperimetric profile. This function maps a value of (prescribed) measure onto the corresponding smallest boundary measure. As for the precise notion of boundary measure, it can be defined in different ways (Minkowski content, geometric perimeter, ...), all of them closely linked to the ambient distance and measure. The main object of this thesis is the study of the isoperimetric problem in product spaces, in order to transfer isoperimetric inequalities from factor spaces to the product spaces, or to compare their isoperimetric profiles. The thesis is divided into four parts : - Study of the symmetrization operation (for sets) and the rearrangement operation (for functions), analogous notions, from the point of view of Geometric Measure Theory and Bounded Variation functions. These operations cause the boundary measure to decrease (for sets), or the variation (for functions). We introduce a new class of model spaces, for which we obtain similar results to those concerning classic model spaces : transfer of isoperimetric inequalities to the product spaces, energy comparison (for convex functionals). - Detailed proof of an argument of minorization of the isoperimetric profile of a metric measured product space XxY by a function depending on the profiles of X and Y, for a wide class of product distances over XxY. The study of this problem uses the minimization of a functional defined on Radon measures class. - Study of the isoperimetric problem in a metric measured space (n times the same space) equipped with the uniform combination of its distance (uniform enlargement). We give a condition under which every isoperimetric profile (whatever the order of iteration might be) is bounded from below by a quantity which is proportional to the isoperimetric profile of the underlying space. We then apply the result to geometric influences. - Study of isoperimetric functional inequalities, which give information about the isoperimetric behavior of the product spaces. We give an overview of the results about this kind of inequalities, and suggest a method to prove such an inequality in a particular case of real measures for which the problem reamins open
Pegon, Paul. « Transport branché et structures fractales ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS444/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis is devoted to the study of branched transport, related variational problems and fractal structures that are likely to arise. The branched transport problem consists in connecting two measures of same mass through a network minimizing a certain cost, which in our study will be proportional to mLα in order to move a mass m over a distance L. Several continuous models have been proposed to formulate this problem, and we focus on the two main static models : the Lagrangian and the Eulerian ones, with an emphasis on the first one. After setting properly the bases for these models, we establish rigorously their equivalence using a Smirnov decomposition of vector measures whose divergence is a measure. Secondly, we study a shape optimization problem related to branched transport which consists in finding the sets of unit volume which are closest to the origin in the sense of branched transport. We prove existence of a solution, described as a sublevel set of the landscape function, now standard in branched transport. The Hölder regularity of the landscape function, obtained here without a priori hypotheses on the considered solution, allows us to obtain an upper bound on the Minkowski dimension of its boundary, which is non-integer and which we conjecture to be its exact dimension. Numerical simulations, based on a variational approximation a la Modica-Mortola of the branched transport functional, have been made to support this conjecture. The last part of the thesis focuses on the landscape function, which is essential to the study of variational problems involving branched transport as it appears as a first variation of the irrigation cost. The goal is to extend its definition and fundamental properties to the case of an extended source, which we achieve in the case of networks with finite root systems, for instance if the measures have disjoint supports. We give a satisfying definition of the landscape function in that case, which satisfies the first variation property and we prove its Hölder regularity under reasonable assumptions on the measures we want to connect
Oukaci, Farid. « Quelques problèmes numériques d'identification de forme en diffraction acoustique ». Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1206.
Texte intégralCharon, Nicolas. « Analysis of geometric and functional shapes with extensions of currents : applications to registration and atlas estimation ». Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942078.
Texte intégralLemenant, Antoine. « SUR LA REGULARITE DES MINIMISEURS DE MUMFORD-SHAH EN DIMENSION 3 ET SUPERIEURE ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288822.
Texte intégralBabadjian, Jean-François. « Méthodes variationnelles pour l'étude de milieux dissipatifs : applications en rupture, endommagement et plasticité ». Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804504.
Texte intégralXu, Yanli. « Une mesure de non-stationnarité générale : Application en traitement d'images et du signaux biomédicaux ». Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0090/document.
Texte intégralThe intensity variation is often used in signal or image processing algorithms after being quantified by a measurement method. The method for measuring and quantifying the intensity variation is called a « change measure », which is commonly used in methods for signal change detection, image edge detection, edge-based segmentation models, feature-preserving smoothing, etc. In these methods, the « change measure » plays such an important role that their performances are greatly affected by the result of the measurement of changes. The existing « change measures » may provide inaccurate information on changes, while processing biomedical images or signals, due to the high noise level or the strong randomness of the signals. This leads to various undesirable phenomena in the results of such methods. On the other hand, new medical imaging techniques bring out new data types and require new change measures. How to robustly measure changes in theos tensor-valued data becomes a new problem in image and signal processing. In this context, a « change measure », called the Non-Stationarity Measure (NSM), is improved and extended to become a general and robust « change measure » able to quantify changes existing in multidimensional data of different types, regarding different statistical parameters. A NSM-based change detection method and a NSM-based edge detection method are proposed and respectively applied to detect changes in ECG and EEG signals, and to detect edges in the cardiac diffusion weighted (DW) images. Experimental results show that the NSM-based detection methods can provide more accurate positions of change points and edges and can effectively reduce false detections. A NSM-based geometric active contour (NSM-GAC) model is proposed and applied to segment the ultrasound images of the carotid. Experimental results show that the NSM-GAC model provides better segmentation results with less iterations that comparative methods and can reduce false contours and leakages. Last and more important, a new feature-preserving smoothing approach called « Nonstationarity adaptive filtering (NAF) » is proposed and applied to enhance human cardiac DW images. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a better compromise between the smoothness of the homogeneous regions and the preservation of desirable features such as boundaries, thus leading to homogeneously consistent tensor fields and consequently a more reconstruction of the coherent fibers
Albinet, C. « Sensibilité des observables radars à la variabilité temporelle et à la configuration géométrique de forêts tempérées et tropicales à partir de mesure de proximité haute-résolution. Extension à la simulation dans la perspective de fusion de données radar-o ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068830.
Texte intégralSacchelli, Ludovic. « Singularités en géométrie sous-riemannienne ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX050/document.
Texte intégralWe investigate the relationship between features of of sub-Riemannian geometry and an array of singularities that typically arise in this context.With sub-Riemannian Whitney theorems, we ensure the existence of global extensions of horizontal curves defined on closed set by requiring a non-singularity hypothesis on the endpoint-map of the nilpotent approximation of the manifold to be satisfied.We apply perturbative methods to obtain asymptotics on the length of short locally-length-minimizing curves losing optimality in contact sub-Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension. We describe the geometry of the singular set and prove its stability in the case of manifolds of dimension 5.We propose a construction to define line fields using pairs of vector fields. This provides a natural topology to study the stability of singularities of line fields on surfaces
Hachicha, Abdelhamid. « Contribution à la précision des mesures dans un système de vision ». Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112181.
Texte intégralChhaibi, Reda. « Modèle de Littelmann pour cristaux géométriques, fonctions de Whittaker sur des groupes de Lie et mouvement brownien ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782028.
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