Thèses sur le sujet « Mesure d'impact »
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Rwagitinywa, Joseph. « Mesure d'exposition, d'adhérence et d'impact économique réel des antirétroviraux génériques ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30236/document.
Texte intégralGeneric antiretroviral (ARV) drugs use in developing countries has significantly reduced the cost of and increased the access to HIV treatment which contributed to the decrease in HIV related deaths and the increase of life expectancy. WHO recommendations since 2015 suggest that antiretroviral therapy should be initiated upon discovery of HIV status, regardless of immune, virological or clinical status. Since the first generic ARVs were marketed in Europe from 2012, this should contribute to an increase in the consumption of ARVs, particularly in Europe where the incidence of HIV has remained stable for ten years. However, generic ARV drugs use in developed countries arouses as much interest as interrogations. A French study highlighted the reluctance of physicians to prescribe and patients to take generic ARVs. Our first objective was to estimate the level of exposure to generic ARVs in real life in France since their commercialization from the SNIIRAM (Système National d'Information Inter-régimes de l'Assurance Maladie) database, to define the profile of patients exposed to generics versus those likely to be exposed but who were not, and to determine the factors associated with this exposure. Substitution of brands by the available generics may increase the daily number of tablets the patient should take and consequently decrease treatment adherence, however crucial for therapeutic success. Our second objective was to assess adherence to the regimen that incorporate generic ARV drugs and compare it to that of patients likely to be switched to generic ARVs but who were not. Furthermore, simulation studies have estimated large savings due to the substitution of brand ARVs by generics in developed countries. However, this strongly depends on the level of generic use. Our third objective was to quantify the level of consumption of ARV drugs and associated expenditures in Europe over the past decade and to determine the real impact of generic ARVs use on cost reduction. This work provides new data on ARV exposure in the general population, showing the low penetration of generics since they were made available, despite treatment adherence similar to that observed under brand-names. For each study, an innovative methodological approach was developed to use the SNIIRAM databases in this area
Droz-Perroteau, Cécile. « La persistance des traitements en vie réelle comme mesure d'impact en pharmco-épidémiologie ». Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21999/document.
Texte intégralPharmacoepidemiological studies requested by French Health Authorities to assess impact of treatment in real-life medical practice are performed in a restricted context, in the absence of a national health care databases. The choice of evaluation criteria for field studies is thus crucial. Direct impact measure criteria (mortality, morbidity, quality of life) are sometimes difficult to obtain on a large scale, therefore, the use of indirect criteria is often required. Treatment persistence is a criterion that combines several advantages: reflection of real-life medical practice and ease of collection. In this thesis, we studied persistence of treatment as a measure of impact, an original point of view as persistence is usually considered as a parameter of exposure. In Chapter 1, we have detailed at which level persistence of treatment is part of the field of impact evaluation. Thereafter, using three field studies, we assessed measure of persistence within two aspects of impact. Persistence as a direct measure of use and respect of recommendations is illustrated in Chapter 2 (secondary prevention in post-myocardial infarction). Persistence as an indirect measure of effectiveness is illustrated: in Chapter 3 where persistence is a sign of treatment failure (curative treatment of acute sinusitis) then in Chapter 4 where persistence is considered as treatment success (long-term treatment in epilepsy). In conclusion, we have discussed the results of this work with regards to the current context of studies requested by Health Authorities and with the forthcoming implementation of new European pharmacovigilance legislation
Guedri, Houssemeddine. « Mise au point de biocapteurs basés sur la mesure d'activités métaboliques de cellules algales pour le monitoring de la qualité des milieux aquatiques ». Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0020/these.pdf.
Texte intégralThe quality control of aquatic ecosystems requires tools for continuous and in situ detection as biosensors. This work proposes the development of biosensors for detection of some pollutants families. These tools are based on the measurement of two enzymatic activities in saline and freshwater algal cells. The first step was to find enzymatic activities varying with the presence of pollutants, this was studied in bioassays. Thus, we have shown that Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (APA) is sensitive to heavy metals and phosphates and that the Esterase Activity (AE) is sensitive to some pesticides. These results enabled us to develop different biosensors. For the detection of heavy metals, two conductometric biosensors have been developed. The first, based on the measurement of the APA of freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (Cv) immobilized by self assembled monolayers, lead to an improvement the repeatability and reproducibility measures as compared to previous works. The second biosensor, based on the same measurement, resulted in the overcoming of the effects of phosphate on Cv APA. For phosphate detection, a conductometric whole algal cells biosensor was developed with a detection limit of 0. 4µM phosphate ions. Finally, for pesticides detection in the marine environment, a conductometric biosensor based on measurement of AE in two marine algae has been developed. The results showed that it is sensitive to the presence of diuron and glyphosate. The biosensors developed in this study, will require same additional testing on natural samples, and then they could be used by managers for decision making
Girodet, Pascal. « Conception et modélisation d'un système de mesure de la force d'impact dans les Sports de Combat et les Arts Martiaux ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22231.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this thesis was to assess the impact force in conditions close to the practice of Fighting Sports and Martial Arts using an ergometer composed of a target-block instrumented with an accelerometer and a dynamometer, and mounted on a flexible lath vertically fixed on the floor. The impact force was computed from the three components measured by the dynamometer, and also from the acceleration of the target-block, using an original mechanical model. The dynamic measurements have been combined with those of a 3-D high speed kinematic analysis in order to characterize the striking movements of four French Boxers in training conditions, and to identify their optimization parameters : range of maximal and incident linear kinetic energies, range of impact force peaks, and joint forces at the wrist, the elbow and the shoulder, computed by inverse dynamics. Concurrently, the mechanical evaluation of some protective gears for French Boxing (gloves and handwraps) and Karate (gloves, leg-protections and shin protections) has shown that the test defined by the NF EN 13277-2 norm was not sufficient for assessing their damping properties. The results of practice and laboratory measurements exhibited the doubtful quality of some French Boxing gloves and the lack of damping effect of handwraps. The French Federation of French Boxing (FFSBFDA) should still draw all the conclusions of these results. The results of the Karate protective gears have allowed the French Karate Federation (FFKDA) to define their desirable characteristics, which have been approved by the World Karate Federation (WKF). Beyond these practical outcomes, the striking ergometer, designed, built and used in this thesis, and the associated mechanical model have / possess experimental and ergonomic advantages, which open wide perspectives for assessing the impact force of many striking techniques used in Fighting Sports and Martial Arts
Greder, Sébastien. « Etiquetage des quarks beaux et mesure de la section efficace de production de paires de quarks top à $\sqrt(s)$ = 1,96 TeV dans l'expérience D0 ». Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009071.
Texte intégraldonnées analysées ont été collectées par le détecteur DØ entre 2001 et 2004 à une énergie au
centre de masse de 1.96 TeV auprès du collisionneur proton-antiproton Tevatron situé au
FERMILAB. Elles correspondent à une luminosité intégrée de 160 pb-1 par canal.
Chaque quark top se désintègre en produisant un boson W et un quark beau. La première
partie de ce travail de th èse a été consacrée à l'élaboration d'un algorithme d'identification des
jets de quark s beaux, +-*1. Cet algorithme repose sur l'utilisation du paramètre d'impact des
traces et permet d'assigner à un jet une probabilité de provenir du point d'interaction primaire.
L'efficacité d'identification de cet algorithme est de 45% pour des paires top-antitop pour un bruit de fond rejeté de 99.7%.
La deuxième partie du travail concerne la présélection permettant d'isoler des événements compatibles avec une topologie de type W+jets. Les bruits de fond multijets et W+jets sont évalués dans les données réelles et la simulation. La section efficace de production de paires de quarks top est mesurée à partir des candidats de plus de 3 jets dont l'un, au moins, est
identifié par l'algorith me +-*1. Les sources d'incertitudes systématiques ont été étudiées en
détail. Le résultat a été comparé aux calculs théoriques et aux autres mesures effectuées dans
les expériences DØ et CDF.
Assad, Joseph El. « Analysis of self-mixing moderate and strong feedback regimes for mechatronics applications ». Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT033H.
Texte intégralIn this work, the physical theory of the self-mixing effect is introduced and then a state of the art of its main applications in the different fields of instrumentation is accomplished. A detailed study of the self-mixing signal in the moderate feedback regime is achieved introducing the effect of "loss of peaks", its physical interpretation, mechanisms and effect on different types of displacement measurement. Afterwards, the discrepancy concerning the strong feedback regime was cleared out showing that it may be used for relative displacement measurement. A detailed study of this regime covers its statistical aspect and the influence of different parameters on this aspect. Finally, the self-mixing sensor under strong feedback was introduced in modal analysis applications after being characterized. It was applied to study a clamped plate or to detect damage in carbon fiber CFBs
Barry, Nene Amy. « Mesure d'impact de l'intervention gouvernementale au Canada sur le marché du poulet à griller et estimation d'une fonction de transfert entre le prix au producteur et le prix du maïs : Une application au modèle FARM ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8637.
Texte intégralTedoldi, Damien. « Mesure et modélisation de la contamination du sol dans les ouvrages de gestion à la source du ruissellement urbain ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1201/document.
Texte intégralSustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) are increasingly used for stormwater management. However, the generalization of runoff infiltration in urban watersheds raises some concerns regarding the soil's ability to retain ubiquitous micropollutants. The present work addresses soil contamination by trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in such infiltration devices, with the aims of: (i) appraising the levels and spatial extent of soil contamination, (ii) better understanding the mechanisms which govern the fate of contaminants in these systems, and (iii) identifying design and maintenance guidelines which may enhance long-term pollutant control through SUDS.The first part of the study consists in a series of experimental investigations in ten contrasting study sites, which have been in operation for more than ten years. The two-stage methodology successively leads to cartographies of metal contamination in the surface soil, and vertical profiles of metal and PAH concentrations, along with different explanatory variables. The spatial distribution of trace metals in the upper horizon displays a systematic structure with respect to the inflow area, and bears the time-integrated signature of the infiltration fluxes and flow pathways at the surface. In the most contaminated zone of the facilities, a significant enrichment of metals and PAHs is detectable until 10 to 40 cm depth. Contaminant retention results from the combination of different physicochemical and mechanical processes (resp. sorption and sedimentation/filtration), the contribution of which can be assessed via the zirconium deficit in urban sediment in comparison to the soil's geochemical background. The inter-site variability of contamination levels is attributable to (i) differences in the soil's retention capacities, and (ii) differences in pollutant loads from the watershed. Although surface contents may exceed intervention thresholds for “multi-functional” spaces in several study sites, the area which would require soil remediation is laterally and vertically limited.These experimental assessments are complemented by a modelling approach, to describe the long-term evolution of soil contamination, and to evaluate the effect of various SUDS designs and maintenance operations. A sensitivity analysis is first carried out so as to identify the “key elements” in the system description: the results show that a wrong estimation of the soil's dispersivity or sorption isotherm is likely to induce significant biases in the predicted contamination profiles. A method is then proposed to describe non-uniform water infiltration fluxes, and the filtration of particle-bound contaminants. The model is validated via a comparison between measured and predicted metal profiles in one of the study sites, where a comprehensive soil characterization is undertaken. Finally, a “scenario analysis” illustrates the benefits of (i) using soil enrichment products with enhanced sorption capacities, and (ii) facilitating water spreading at the surface, in terms of “lifespan” of the devices and maintenance requirements
Vérité, Oriane. « Lorsque le déchet alimentaire devient une ressource territorialisée : approche géographique des circularités alimentaires à travers trois initiatives ligériennes de recyclage / surcyclage de rebuts alimentaires ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ANGE0053.
Texte intégralFor about twenty years, food circularities have been valued by public authorities and the scientific community for their multifunctional role, both in terms of food resources and economic, social and environmental impact. Their geographical concentration around food waste deposits creates complex issues for the territories concerned. Whether planned by political decision-makers or resulting from spontaneous dynamics, these collective organizations transform marginal spaces into places for the transmission of knowledge. Food circularities consider their impacts and their change of scale as iterative processes, shaped by relational dynamics. This thesis aims to analyze the mechanisms and issues related to the circulation of food waste by exploring the hypothesis of the food up-cycling development in these territories. A food circularity id fefined as a set of actors structured around the recovery of food resources initially intended for disposal. The challenge of this research work is twofold: on the one hand, it is about increase the value of these resources by reintegrating them into exchange circuits, and on the other hand, questioning the systematization of this practice within food production systems. Circularity thus carries collective dynamics of appropriation and logics of visibility. Examining their effects and their change of scale makes it possible to question both the contributions they perceive and their relationships to the territory, as well as the acceptance of innovation. Based on a comparative qualitative analysis of three food circularity initiatives located in Saint-Herblain, Angers and Brain-sur-Allonnes, this thesis highlights how these forms of food upcycling are structured, function and generate social and economic impacts in these territories
Dumax, Nathalie. « Les mesures de compensation : un indicateur du coût environnemental ». Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA0002.
Texte intégralDue to the extent of damage caused to the environment and ecosystems, international and European legislation gradually emphasize the integration of environmental damage in decision-making processes. As a consequence, land planners may, for instance, soon have to take more rigorously into account environmental damage resulting from their infrastructure development plans. Environmental economists thus have to assess more accurately the environmental costs of such plans. Yet, when dealing with land planning in complex natural areas, existing valuation methods are reaching their limits. In this thesis, we propose to use the compensatory mitigation process to assess environmental costs by adapting the Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP), an equivalence-based valuation method used in the United States
Bernardo, Telma. « Viabilité, analyse de sensibilité et mesures d'impact pour des systèmes dynamiques contraints : application à un modèle de changement climatique ». Paris 9, 2008. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090053.
Texte intégralThe Tolerable Windows Approach (TWA) is an analytical framework developed for studying climate change models and to facilitate the choice of climate guardrails (constraints). We intend to give our contribution to this approach by developing new measurement tools in the Viability Theory framework. For a given climate guardrail set K, we determine the set of all initial climate situations x viable in K. Viable climate situations x in K are those for which there exists at least one carbon emission policy preventing the future climate evolution starting from x, from transgressing K. The set of such viable climate situations x is called the Viability Kernel of K. The viability kernel concept is the cornerstone of the methodology presented in this study. We highlight the fact that this thesis is not devoted to climate forecasting. It only aims at designing, with the help of resources from Viability Theory and from Numerical Set-Valued Analysis, appropriate mathematical tools to help decision making. This is achieved by applying them to the climate model proposed by the experts in the climate impact studies so their pertinence can be evaluated. In particular these tools are developed to highlight decision makers to justify one appropriate and feasible choice of future climate guardrails
Verreault, Martine. « Programmes d'activités de lecture interactive et développement cognitif de jeunes enfants : mesures d'impact et comparaison d'échelles d'évaluation (Bayley et Stanford-Binet) / ». Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24043325.
Texte intégralMartinović, Mihailo. « Une étude du bruit quasi-thermique et du bruit d'impact dans les plasma spatiaux ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEO010/document.
Texte intégralThe quasi-thermal noise spectroscopy is an accurate method of determination of density and temperature in space plasmas. When an electric antenna is immersed into a plasma, it is able to measure electrostatic fluctuations caused by the thermal motion of plasma particles. These fluctuations are detected as the power spectral density at the antenna terminals, observing a spectrum at frequencies comparable to the electron plasma frequency for both electrons and protons, since the proton signal is strongly Doppler-shifted towards higher frequencies due to the solar wind drift velocity. Beside inducing the fluctuating electric field, some of the electrons are impacting the antenna surface, causing disturbances of the antenna electric potential. The signal caused by this population is directly proportional to the flux of plasma electrons impacting the antenna and is dominant if the antenna has a large surface area. In this work, we use the orbit limited theory to calculate the incoming particle flux for a non-thermal plasma described by $kappa$ velocity distribution function, commonly measured in the solar wind. The increase in the particle collection by cylindrical and spherical objects is quantified and presented as a function of the surface electrostatic potential and the fraction of supra-thermal particles. Including these results into the theory has turned out to be absolutely necessary for accurate measurements of the plasma parameters whenever the shot noise is the dominant component in the power spectrum. This is the case for STEREO because the impact noise is overwhelming on this probe, due to the presence of short and thick antennas. The comprehensive study of data on this mission is motivated by the fact that the electron analyzers are malfunctioning since launch and no information on thermal electrons is available. Results obtained are verified by comparing with the results from Wind, showing a good match between the values measured by the two spacecraft. Uncertainties of the measurements are determined by the uncertainties of the instruments used and are estimated to be around $40%$. The final outcome of this work will be establishing a database of the electron moments in both STEREO A and B that will be covering the entire duration of the mission. In the second part of the thesis, we use the kinetic approach to expand the theory of the quasi-thermal noise to plasmas where electron-neutral collisions play a dominant role. This technique is able to measure the electron density, temperature and the collision frequency as independent parameters using the wide frequency range both below and above the plasma frequency, if the ratio of the collisional to plasma frequency is not smaller than 0.1. The results presented here have can be potentially applied in laboratory plasmas and unmagnetized ionospheres, while at the ionosphere of Earth their use is limited to low frequencies due to the presence of the magnetic field
Thiébaut, Maxime. « Énergie marine renouvelable : caractérisation des ressources hydrocinétiques en Manche et étude d'impact de la turbulence sur l'efficacité de systèmes de récupération d'énergie tidale ». Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0457/document.
Texte intégralDespite the growing interest , the use of tidal energy still lags far behind other renewable resource. This delayed development can be explained, on the one hand, by the absence of a relevant methodology for quantifying the hydrokinetic potential and, on the other hand, by the hostile marine environment, in which turbulent phenomena apply constraints on the structure of marine current turbines. The use of High Frequency Radar, presented in the first part of this thesis, provides a powerful tool for analyzing tidal dynamics and its spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Never used in the fields of renewable marine energy, it offers a convincing alternative to numerical modeling which is often chosen although generating questionable results because of simplistic conceptualization of real phenomena. The second part of this thesis is the study of the impact of a fully developed turbulent flow on the performance of a Darrieus-type turbine prototypes. The spectral analysis of the current velocity time series revealed the scalar properties of the flow. Multiscale characterization showed that the flow is driven by a dynamic process of successive breaks of fluid structures of size ranging from the injection scale to the molecular diffusion scale. Finally, the dynamical scaling of the turbulence of the velocity and power spectra generated by the marine current turbine has revealed a certain similarity between the size of the eddies structures that govern the flow and the dimensions of the turbine
Hébert, Étienne M. « Élaboration d'un appareil de mesure par photodétachement des électrons piégés lors d'impacts d'électrons de basses énergies avec des films solides et étude du n-hexane et du CO[indice inférieur 2] ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3809.
Texte intégralClaireau, Fabien. « Evaluation des impacts de la fragmentation du paysage par une autoroute sur les chauves-souris à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0018.
Texte intégralBiodiversity is being lost at an increased rate as a result of human activities. One of the major threats to biodiversity is infrastructural development. Although the measures taken in environmental impact assessments can limit this loss, the mitigation hierarchy to "Avoid, Reduce and Offset" impacts on biodiversity is not fully functional. Indeed, the mitigation hierarchy often uses qualitative data and does not account for the biological and/or ecological processes and their different spatial and temporal scales. The impact of roads is well documented for several biological groups but not for bats whereas they are likely to be very strongly affected. Moreover, as they are strictly protected, they should be considered in the mitigation hierarchy. Therefore, through the study of bats, I investigated the effects of roads, especially major roads, and intended to measure and quantify the magnitude of their impacts. This thesis presents different methods developed to reach this objective and which may be used by stakeholders in the field. First, I intended to determine how to process data collected through passive acoustic monitoring and how to exploit these data. Then I determined what the impacts of roads on bat populations are and I proposed a method in order to assess the mitigation measures which presume to restore bat habitat connectivity. Our main results show a significant negative effect of roads on bats foraging and commuting behaviour for several species and up to at least five kilometres away from a major road. In addition, the effect of major roads also seems to have consequences on populations’ genetics. Finally, we studied bat overpasses which are structures specifically dedicated to bats and aiming at reducing the impacts of roads by improving bats’ habitat connectivity. These structures seem to be appropriate when located in narrow ecological corridors such as hedgerows
Claireau, Fabien. « Evaluation des impacts de la fragmentation du paysage par une autoroute sur les chauves-souris à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles ». Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0018/document.
Texte intégralBiodiversity is being lost at an increased rate as a result of human activities. One of the major threats to biodiversity is infrastructural development. Although the measures taken in environmental impact assessments can limit this loss, the mitigation hierarchy to "Avoid, Reduce and Offset" impacts on biodiversity is not fully functional. Indeed, the mitigation hierarchy often uses qualitative data and does not account for the biological and/or ecological processes and their different spatial and temporal scales. The impact of roads is well documented for several biological groups but not for bats whereas they are likely to be very strongly affected. Moreover, as they are strictly protected, they should be considered in the mitigation hierarchy. Therefore, through the study of bats, I investigated the effects of roads, especially major roads, and intended to measure and quantify the magnitude of their impacts. This thesis presents different methods developed to reach this objective and which may be used by stakeholders in the field. First, I intended to determine how to process data collected through passive acoustic monitoring and how to exploit these data. Then I determined what the impacts of roads on bat populations are and I proposed a method in order to assess the mitigation measures which presume to restore bat habitat connectivity. Our main results show a significant negative effect of roads on bats foraging and commuting behaviour for several species and up to at least five kilometres away from a major road. In addition, the effect of major roads also seems to have consequences on populations’ genetics. Finally, we studied bat overpasses which are structures specifically dedicated to bats and aiming at reducing the impacts of roads by improving bats’ habitat connectivity. These structures seem to be appropriate when located in narrow ecological corridors such as hedgerows
Duclos, Pierre-Arnaud. « Impacts morpho-sédimentaires de l'extraction de granulats marins : application au bassin oriental de la Manche ». Phd thesis, Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES016.
Texte intégralThe Eastern English Channel is a macrotidal epicontinental sea, subject to an increasing demand for marine aggregate extraction since several decades. Effects on the submarine landscapes and ecosystems are conditioned by the physical impacts generated by extraction. In the objective of the integrated coastal zone management, a good knowledge of impacts, of their forcing parameters and their recovery potential is necessary. Two extraction sites with physical characteristics typical of the Eastern English Channel are studied off Dieppe and in the Bay of Seine. For the last one, extraction is experimental and has been monitored for 3 years, during and after extraction, on a sandy-gravelly substrate. The study focuses on 3 main physical impacts: (i) a direct hydrological impact due to sediment resuspension, forming a turbid plume at the back of the dredger, (ii) a direct morphosedimentary impact generated during sediment excavation in the extraction zone, and (iii) an indirect morphosedimentary impact corresponding to the deposition of the particles from the turbid plume, in and around the extraction zone. The turbid plume, for which a monitoring strategy is proposed, lasts around 2-3h and displays a dynamics which is essentially passive and subject to dispersion, settlement and advection processes. Concentrations, grain-size and nature of the suspended matter composing the turbid plume are mainly controlled by the nature of the extracted sediment and the pump discharge of the dredger. Water level and wave climate control the plume dispersion time and the resuspension of the sediment that settled from previous plumes. The impacts in the extraction zone are concerned with furrows and depressions whose morphological parameters depend on extraction intensity. In excavations sediment nature is function of the vertical sediment variability and the infilling potential (sediment fluxes). In the vicinity of the depositional areas, the impact is essentially concerned with an increase in the proportion of silts and sands. Extension of medium sands is potentially restricted to 250 m around the extraction location, whereas silts may extend up to 6. 5 km. Deposit distance depends on turbid plume dynamics, particle settling velocity and current velocity. The nature of deposits is function of the nature of the sediment put in suspension at the surface from the overflow and at the sea bottom by the dredging draghead, so by the nature of substrate and the speed of the TSHD (Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger). Morphological recovery of excavated areas is estimated to reach 10. 5 years in the Bay of Seine, as generally reported in the literature for this type of seabed. Recommendations for the monitoring of impacts and management tools (indices and equations) are proposed to characterize and quantify impacts, and compare them form one site to another
Duclos, Pierre-Arnaud. « IMPACTS MORPHO-SÉDIMENTAIRES DE L'EXTRACTION DE GRANULATS MARINS - APPLICATION AU BASSIN ORIENTAL DE LA MANCHE - ». Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795475.
Texte intégralEscudero, Vasconez Maria Veronica. « Design and Delivery of Effective Activation Measures : what Works and for Whom ? » Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH122.
Texte intégralToday, active labor market policies (ALMPs) are increasingly seen as a necessary tool to strengthen the link between social protection and the creation of more sustainable sources of income with a view to increasing work quality but also improving living conditions more broadly. As a result, the role of ALMPs in policy agendas remains high in most advanced economies and has increased dramatically in emerging and developing countries, where ALMPs are still less established. Despite this, there is still a lot to be learned regarding the impact of these policies, particularly with regards to the role of implementation characteristics. My dissertation aims to contribute to this debate by looking at the effectiveness of ALMPs and the role of delivery systems in shaping their impact in both, developed and emerging and developing countries.It starts by examining the effectiveness of ALMPs in OECD countries in improving labor market outcomes, especially for low-skilled individuals, from a macroeconomic perspective (Chapter 1). Capturing empirically the overall net effect of ALMPs on the wide labor market is of upmost importance, since the role of ALMPs frequently involves substitution, displacement and other indirect effects. Then, the following two chapters aim to assess whether ALMPs should be leveraged further in emerging and developing countries, by investigating the individual-level effects of two different types of ALMPs in Latin America, exploiting the availability of interesting assignment rules and good-quality individual-level data. Chapter 2 focuses on the medium- to long-term effects of a Peruvian workfare program, one of the least studied ALMPs in the region albeit commonly implemented, to assess the sustainability of these type of programs’ effects. Chapter 3 then looks at the provision of a comprehensive package of ALMPs in Argentina, implemented to support eligible beneficiaries of a conditional cash transfer program in finding more stable income opportunities. In both cases, the focus is placed on the effects on work quality and on the role of design and implementation in shaping the effects.My research suggests that ALMPs are relevant but mostly through appropriate design and implementation aspects. The results confirm the importance of these factors in ensuring effectiveness both in OECD and the Latin American countries assessed. The size of effects depends on the type of policy assessed and on the beneficiary group
Savard, Karine. « Qualités psychométriques de la mesure d'impact (MI-45) version francophone du Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2) visant à mesurer l'efficacité de la psychothérapie ». Thèse, 2009. http://constellation.uqac.ca/127/1/030123658.pdf.
Texte intégral