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1
King, Lynda A. Male-perpetrated domestic violence : Testing a series of multifactorial family models : 2500-word summary. Washington, D.C : National Institute of Justice, 2000.
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P, Andronico Michael, dir. Men in groups : Insights, interventions, and psychoeducational work. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association, 1996.
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author, Deb Sibnath, dir. Test of manhood : Male sexual problems, taboos and pathos. Delhi : Akansha Publishing House, 2013.
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Bezos, MacKenzie. The Testing of Luther Albright. New York : HarperCollins, 2006.
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Bezos, MacKenzie. The testing of Luther Albright : A novel. New York, NY : Fourth Estate, 2004.
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Lehane, Dennis. L'isola della paura. Casale Monferrato (AL) : Piemme, 2005.
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Barkley, Russell A. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York : Guilford Press, 1990.
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Barkley, Russell A. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : A clinical workbook. 2e éd. New York : Guilford Press, 1998.
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Barkley, Russell A. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : A clinical workbook. New York : Guilford Press, 1991.
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Barkley, Russell A. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. 3e éd. New York : Guilford Press, 2006.
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Barkley, Russell A. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. 2e éd. New York : Guilford Press, 1998.
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Barkley, Russell A. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : A clinical workbook. New York : Guilford Press, 1991.
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Barkley, Russell A. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : A clinical workbook. New York : Guilford Press, 1991.
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Muscular strength of active men : 25 to 64 years of age. 1989.
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Muscular strength of active men 25 to 64 years of age. 1989.
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Muscular strength of active men, 25 to 64 years of age. 1987.
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LeMarr, John D. Muscular strength of active men, 25 to 64 years of age. 1987.
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Packer, Ira K., et Tasha R. Phillips. Psychological testing. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0062.
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Psychological testing is of substantial value in a range of correctional situations and can be a helpful adjunct to standard clinical assessments. Tests provide additional sources of data for use in comprehensive assessments, but they do not substitute for clinical evaluations. This chapter discusses the rationales and purposes for using psychological testing, special issues in administering and interpreting these tests in correctional settings, and caveats about their proper use. Well-validated psychological tests can be an important adjunct to a comprehensive mental health assessment, and help to identify psychiatric symptoms and cognitive deficits that may impair functioning in correctional institutions. In addition, testing can assist in determining the validity of self-reported symptoms by inmates. Given the range of tests, with varying suitability to a correctional population, a qualified doctoral psychologist should make the decision about which tests to administer. The referral should identify the issues and questions to address, instead of requesting specific tests, to allow the psychologist to choose the best instruments. The psychologist should produce a report that explains the results, their applicability to the referral issues, and any caveats about their validity. The results can then be integrated into the diagnostic assessment and treatment plan for the inmate. This chapter will present some of the history and contexts for when it is done, when it can be done and when it should not be done on the basis of best practice and evidence based practice.
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Timimi, Sami, Brian McCabe et Neil Gardner. Myth of Autism. Macmillan Education UK, 2010.
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Predicting maximal work capacity using perceived exertion and heart rate in low- and high-fit individuals. 1989.
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Predicting maximal work capacity using perceived exertion and heart rate in low- and high-fit individuals. 1989.
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Predicting maximal work capacity using perceived exertion and heart rate in low- and high-fit individuals. 1989.
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Am I Okay ? : Psychological Testing and What Those Tests Mean (Encyclopedia of Psychological Disorders). Chelsea House Publications, 2000.
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Shah, Ajay, Varma Penumetcha, Rajesh R. Tampi, Mohsina Ahmed, Rabeea Mansoor, Raman Marwaha et Juan Young. Diagnostic Procedures. Sous la direction de Isis Burgos-Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265557.003.0004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this chapter, topics that are reviewed include psychiatric interviews, mental status examinations, psychological testing, neuropsychological testing, diagnostic assessments, rating scales and laboratory monitoring
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Bachu, Anil. Diagnostic Procedures. Sous la direction de Rajiv Radhakrishnan et Lily Arora. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265557.003.0027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this chapter important aspects of diagnostic procedures are reviewed including psychiatric interview, mental status examination, psychological testing, neuropsychological testing, diagnostic assessments and rating scales, laboratory monitoring, imaging studies, EEG and sleep studies
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Flinter, Frances. Ethical aspects of genetic testing. Sous la direction de Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0301_update_001.
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The increasing availability of genetic tests is transforming health care. Patients can benefit from earlier, more precise diagnosis and sometimes tailor-made treatment; their relatives can be offered pre-symptomatic, predictive tests and carrier tests. Physicians must balance confidentiality with duty to other individuals, and are responsible for using genetic tests for the benefit of patients in an ethical way. An offer of testing must balance potential additional benefit from potential downsides of testing including psychological effects, risk of error, continuing uncertainty, and cost. The ability to do multiple tests on many genes, even to sequence the whole genome, is rapidly approaching, and mainstreaming of tests means that geneticists are not necessarily involved. Further work and thinking needs to inform medical ethics in this area.
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Colom, Francesc. The role of psychoeducation in the management of bipolar disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0013.
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Psychological interventions play a major role in the prophylaxis of recurrences in bipolar disorders, always as an add-on to pharmacological care as none of them works in monotherapy. So far, the evidence for psychotherapy in the management of acute episodes is very limited so its use should be constrained to prevention. A common aspect of the majority of psychological interventions tested in bipolar disorder is that they are much more efficacious for patients with a low number of episodes prior to the treatment. Interestingly, all the psychological interventions showing preventive efficacy share psychoeducative ingredients including illness awareness, adherence enhancement, habits regularity, and warning signs identification. Future directions of psychoeducation should enhance its implementation worldwide, probably by using newer technologies such as smartphone applications. However, these need a proper testing before being included in clinical routines.
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Sobey, Christopher. Orofacial Pain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190217518.003.0023.
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Management of orofacial pain in the general population can be a challenging and demanding undertaking due to the complex neurological anatomy and close proximity to vital structures. Differentiating various syndromes and origins of pain can prove difficult; thus, specific emphasis on establishing the correct diagnosis is of the utmost importance in formatting a successful treatment plan. The questions in this chapter delve into the presentations, physical exam findings, diagnostic testing, psychological effects, and evidence-based medical and interventional treatment algorithms of both common and less common craniofacial pain disorders. This chapter covers pathophysiology of the neurological, biomechanical, and central causes of facial pain.
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Hans, Steiner, Daniels Whitney, Kelly Michael et Stadler Christina. Comprehensive and Integrated Treatment of Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265458.003.0005.
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This chapter maps evidence-based interventions on the biopsychosocial model of causation suggested by the current evidence. Medications and biological treatments are still second-line interventions, which should be considered only if there is insufficient progress with psychological and social-familial treatments. There is very little progress in the past decade in testing medication interventions. New findings from neuroscience suggest another subtype of disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), which holds considerable promise to improve outcomes in this treatment category. Psychological treatments are best supported by the evidence, especially when delivered in manualized form with a high degree of treatment fidelity. Familial and community-based interventions are also well supported, especially in complex, severe and chronic cases. There is a dearth of intervention studies targeting the different phenotypes of antisocial and aggressive behavior and studies of integrated treatment However, many studies are now available that approach treatment from a medical evidence–based rather than criminological perspective.
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Creadick, Anna. Disability’s Other. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190458997.003.0002.
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The notion of “disability” relies on the concept of “normal.” Like disability, normality has a traceable history as an epistemological category. The mobilization of soldiers during World War II and, to a lesser degree, World War I, meant thousands of minds and bodies could be, and were, measured. A curious obsession with defining “normal” took hold, as doctors, scientists, and anthropologists gathered and applied statistical data to try measure “normal” bodies and describe “normal” character. Enlistees were subjected to psychological testing; sexologists used anthropometric methods to map the “normal” American body; and an interdisciplinary team at Harvard launched a longitudinal study of “normal men.” Taken together, such pursuits of “normality” were inextricable from midcentury anxieties about mental health, embodiment, masculinity, and the nation. By illuminating and gendering the “normal,” such forces functioned both to evoke and then exclude “disabled” bodies from the social body.
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Streiner, David L., Geoffrey R. Norman et John Cairney. Reporting test results. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199685219.003.0015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Journals are becoming increasingly more stringent in their requirements for what must be reported in articles about the psychometric properties of scales. This chapter reviews three of the most commonly used guidelines; the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, the STARD initiative (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy), and the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies (GRRAS). It abstracts portions of these guidelines that are most relevant for scales used in research settings. These cover the reporting of test development, reliability, and validity. The chapter also has a flow chart, adapted from STARD, that should be included when submitting a manuscript about scale development to a journal.
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Bezos, MacKenzie. The Testing of Luther Albright. Brand : FOURTH ESTATE LTD, 2002.
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Ingles, Jodie, Charlotte Burns et Laura Yeates. Genetic counselling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0145.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cardiac genetic counselling is an emerging but important subspecialty. The qualifications of cardiac genetic counsellors depend on the country of practice, but at a minimum they are Master’s-level trained health professionals with expertise in genetics, and are integral members of the multidisciplinary inherited cardiovascular disease clinic. Though the framework is diverse in different countries, key roles include investigation and confirmation of family history details, discussion of inheritance risks and facilitation of cardiac genetic testing, communication with at-risk relatives, and increasingly, curation of genetic test results. The use of next-generation sequencing technologies has seen a recent shift in the uptake of genetic testing, due to greater availability and lowered costs. As these gene tests become more comprehensive, including large panels of genes and even whole exome or whole genome sequencing, the need for cardiac genetic counsellors to provide informed consent, appropriate pre- and post-test genetic counselling, and ongoing curation of the variants identified is evident. Finally, given the improved understanding of the psychological implications of living with a cardiovascular genetic disease, cardiac genetic counsellors are integral in delivering psychosocial care and identifying patients requiring intervention with a clinical psychologist.
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Drane, Daniel L., et Dona E. C. Locke. Mechanisms of Possible Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Sous la direction de Barbara A. Dworetzky et Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0005.
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This chapter covers what is known about the possible mechanisms of neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). It begins with a review of all research examining possible cognitive deficits in this population. Cognitive research in PNES is often obscured by noise created by a host of comorbid conditions (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain) and associated issues (e.g., effects of medications and psychological processes that can compromise attention or broader cognition). More recent studies employing performance validity tests raise the possibility that studies finding broad cognitive problems in PNES may be highlighting a more transient phenomenon secondary to these comorbid or secondary factors. Such dysfunction would likely improve with successful management of PNES symptomatology, yet the effects of even transient variability likely compromises daily function until these issues are resolved. Future research must combine the use of neuropsychological testing, performance validity measures, psychological theory, neuroimaging analysis, and a thorough understanding of brain–behavior relationships to address whether there is a focal neuropathological syndrome associated with PNES.
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Willment, Kim, et David Loring. Practical and Diagnostic Challenges for the Neuropsychologist. Sous la direction de Barbara A. Dworetzky et Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of this chapter is to outline practical and diagnostic challenges in the clinical neuropsychological evaluation of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and to aid neuropsychologists in developing a consistent decision-making protocol. Challenges outlined include responding to performance validity test (PVT) failures, testing in different clinical environments, medications effects, acute psychological distress, and length of evaluations. Diagnostic challenges related to the neuropsychological evaluation in PNES, including the lack of specificity of cognitive profiles and psychopathological heterogeneity, are discussed. The final focus of the chapter is therapeutic goals of the neuropsychological evaluation, particularly the integration of the neuropsychological findings during the delivery of the PNES diagnosis and promoting cognitive self-efficacy.
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Radford, Mark. Pre-operative assessments and preparation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642663.003.0004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Advances in surgery have been combined with innovation in anaesthesia techniques. Chapter 3 highlights the increasingly flexible models of surgical care delivery and the role of the nurse in these care settings. Preparation prior to surgery is increasingly being delivered by nurses in the pre-operative phase of care. The knowledge requirements of the nurse in this field are complex, involving a greater understanding of applied physiology and pharmacology, pre-operative testing methods, and assessment modalities. This chapter guides the nurse in the assessment process, choice of diagnostic tests, and preparation of the patient physically and psychologically for surgery.
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Morava, Eva, et Mirian C. H. Janssen. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0063.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are usually diagnosed during infancy or childhood with severe multisystem disorder and neurologic presentation. With the increasing number of surviving adult patients, recognition of the distinct adult phenotype and awareness of the diagnostic difficulties in adulthood is essential. Patients with O-glycosylation defects or with abnormal dolichol synthesis might present first in adulthood. The majority of cases with adult CDG have a neurologic disease with intellectual disability, ataxia, speech disorder, visual disturbance, and skeletal findings. Psychological abnormalities are also common. Thrombotic complications and endocrine dysfunction might persist to adulthood. MPI-CDG, the only treatable form of CDG, might progress to chronic liver failure. Genetic testing is recommended in suspected cases, since transferrin screening analysis can be normal in adults, even in N-linked glycosylation disorders.
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Knoll, James L. Evaluation of malingering in corrections. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recognizing when someone is not being truthful is challenging. Multiple tests of malingering have been developed for forensic purposes. Malingered mental illness in the correctional setting poses a complicated dilemma. Many factors change the typical presentation and detection strategies, and inaccurate determinations have serious consequences. Detection requires a thorough knowledge of the characteristics of genuine psychiatric illness, a systematic approach to evaluation, identification of objective indicators, and use of scientifically validated psychological tests when necessary. The detection of malingering in corrections is necessary to ensure the judicious use of limited resources, and to bring diagnostic accuracy to assessments. A comprehensive, systematic approach is required. The clinician must assemble evidence from a thorough evaluation, clinical records, collateral data, and psychological testing when necessary. A conclusion of malingering is best supported with multiple factual bases. The correctional setting provides many unique challenges to detecting malingered mental illness. The finding that an inmate patient has malingered symptoms does not rule out the presence of true mental illness, and a determination of malingering should not exclude the inmate from receiving needed mental health services. How structured tests and other clinical skills may be used in treatment decisions in jail and prison settings is the content of this chapter.
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Knoll, James L. Evaluation of malingering in corrections. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0023_update_001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recognizing when someone is not being truthful is challenging. Multiple tests of malingering have been developed for forensic purposes. Malingered mental illness in the correctional setting poses a complicated dilemma. Many factors change the typical presentation and detection strategies, and inaccurate determinations have serious consequences. Detection requires a thorough knowledge of the characteristics of genuine psychiatric illness, a systematic approach to evaluation, identification of objective indicators, and use of scientifically validated psychological tests when necessary. The detection of malingering in corrections is necessary to ensure the judicious use of limited resources, and to bring diagnostic accuracy to assessments. A comprehensive, systematic approach is required. The clinician must assemble evidence from a thorough evaluation, clinical records, collateral data, and psychological testing when necessary. A conclusion of malingering is best supported with multiple factual bases. The correctional setting provides many unique challenges to detecting malingered mental illness. The finding that an inmate patient has malingered symptoms does not rule out the presence of true mental illness, and a determination of malingering should not exclude the inmate from receiving needed mental health services. How structured tests and other clinical skills may be used in treatment decisions in jail and prison settings is the content of this chapter.
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Nance, Martha A. Comprehensive Care. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199929146.003.0015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The care-defining characteristics of Huntington’s disease (HD) are that it is (1) neuropsychiatric, (2) autosomal dominant, (3) usually adult onset, (4) degenerative over years, and (5) fatal. Comprehensive care of HD requires an awareness of these features of the disease and careful attention to the timing and nature of the diagnosis and to the management of the motor, cognitive, psychiatric/behavioral, and nutritional/bioenergetic disorders. Genetic counseling and testing, social services, and psychological support for affected individuals and their families are all necessary components of a comprehensive approach to care. Comprehensive care ideally includes a team of health professionals who can collectively manage all of these areas and an awareness of the longitudinal course of the disease so that care is provided proactively, anticipating the next problem or disease milestone, rather than reacting to problems as they arise.
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Trestman, Robert, Kenneth Appelbaum et Jeffrey Metzner, dir. Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry addresses the history, structure, and processes of correctional psychiatry, including case law, human rights, ethics, organization and funding of systems, as well as stages of patient management that cover initial assessments through re-entry. It also discusses management issues, emergencies, psychopharmacology topics, sleep, detoxification, reassessment of community diagnoses and treatments, diversion programs, levels of care, malingering, substance use within facilities, and formulary management. It also covers common psychiatric disorders, relevant medical disorders, pain management, psychotherapeutic options, suicide risk management, and addictions treatment. Specific focus is given to aggression, self-injury, and other behavioral challenges, and it also reviews unique assessment and treatment needs of many distinct population groups. Special topics such as forensics, psychological testing, sexual assaults, quality improvement, training, and research are also covered, followed by a section devoted exclusively to current resources in correctional healthcare.
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Husain, Tauqeer, et Roshan Fernando. Intraoperative management of inadequate neuraxial anaesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Neuraxial anaesthesia (NA) is the primary form of anaesthesia used for caesarean delivery. The popularity of NA has increased in no small part due to improvements in mortality and morbidity associated with the techniques. However, intraoperative inadequacy of NA might expose patients to the risks of repeated NA techniques, general anaesthesia, and the long-term psychological effects of pain during caesarean delivery. Additionally, clinicians may also become exposed to the medicolegal consequences of failed NA. Prevention of failed NA requires a sound knowledge of the causes and risk factors associated with inadequate NA. Furthermore, an understanding of the effects of different local anaesthetic mixtures, and methods of testing anaesthetic adequacy are also needed. Decisions in the management of inadequate NA must be taken in the context of the urgency of delivery, the maternal risk, and at what point during the operative episode the inadequacy becomes evident.
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The testing of Luther Albright : A novel. New York : Fourth Estate, 2005.
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Kavanaugh, Antoinette, et Thomas Grisso. Evaluations for Sentencing of Juveniles in Criminal Court. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190052812.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In Miller v. Alabama (2012), the U.S. Supreme Court imposed special requirements for sentencing juveniles who have been transferred to criminal court for conviction and sentencing as adults. Montgomery v. Louisiana (2016) also required that all juveniles sentenced to life without parole in the past must be resentenced. For these cases, the Court required that consideration of life without parole and any alternative sentences must include a review of potentially mitigating factors associated with a youth’s developmental immaturity. This is the first book to offer guidance to forensic mental health examiners when performing evaluations to assist attorneys and judges in Miller sentencing and resentencing cases. The first three chapters review relevant legal, conceptual, and research background for examiners. The Court’s specific developmental factors are defined, as well as relevant case law and legal process for juvenile sentencing cases. Then psychological concepts and theory related to those developmental factors are reviewed, and a chapter identifies research that examiners can use to inform their assessment and interpretation process. With that conceptual background, the next four chapters offer recommendations for conducting these evaluations. Preparation for the evaluation is described, including managing the requirements and expectations of referring parties. Then the process of data collection is outlined, including interviews and psychological and developmental testing tailored for this type of evaluation. Final chapters offer guidance for interpreting the data to address the law’s relevant developmental factors, as well as an outline and advice for written reports and oral testimony in juvenile sentencing cases.
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Laundy, Matthew, Mark Gilchrist et Laura Whitney, dir. Antimicrobial Stewardship. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The problem of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and untreatable infections is of global concern. The concept of antimicrobial stewardship has been developing over the last 10 years. The aim of antimicrobial stewardship is to control antimicrobial use in order to reduce the development of resistance, avoid the side effects associated with antimicrobial use, and optimize clinical outcomes. This book provides a very practical approach to antimicrobial stewardship. It’s very much a ‘how to’ guide supported by a review of the available evidence. Section 1 sets the scene and covers the problem of antimicrobial resistance; the problems in the antimicrobial supply line and initiatives to improve the situation; the principles and goals of antimicrobial stewardship; the psychological, social, cultural, and organizational factors in antimicrobial use and prescribing; and how to establish an antimicrobial stewardship programme. Section 2 reviews the components of antimicrobial stewardship: audit and feedback; antimicrobial policies and formularies; antimicrobial restriction; intravenous to oral switch; measuring antimicrobial consumption; measuring and feeding back stewardship; and the use of information technology in antimicrobial stewardship. Section 3 explores special areas in antimicrobial stewardship: antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; intensive care units; paediatrics; surgical prophylaxis; near-patient testing and infection biomarkers; antimicrobial stewardship in the community and long-term care facilities; and finally antimicrobial stewardship in resource-poor communities.
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Kapoor, Reena, et Ezra E. H. Griffith. Cultural competence. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0060.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Disparities exist in the rate of incarceration of minorities, with substantial elevations occurring in African American, Latino, and Native populations. Cultural competence is an essential aspect of providing mental health care in any setting. An understanding of culture is even more important in correctional settings, as several unique factors may lead to conflict and misunderstanding if not adequately addressed. First, minority ethnic groups are vastly overrepresented in prisons and jails, so a familiarity with the predominant culture of those groups is necessary to engage inmates in treatment and diagnose them accurately. Second, mental health clinicians may be unfamiliar with law enforcement culture, which heavily influences the practices of corrections officers and differs significantly from health care culture. Third, many correctional psychiatrists grow up and train outside the United States, bringing their own cultural beliefs about crime and punishment into the American health care system. As the field of cultural psychiatry has developed, scholars have attempted to apply its principles to the correctional setting to deliver competent care in prisons and jails. These papers have provided guidance to correctional mental health clinicians on matters such as immigrant populations, language barriers, validity of psychological testing in different ethnic groups, stigma of mental illness in prison, religion’s role in coping with the stress of incarceration, and many others. This chapter reviews the evolution of cultural competence skills in correctional settings and current best practices in jails and prisons to optimize effective treatment outcomes.
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Taylor, Eric. Developmental Neuropsychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827801.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions involving alterations of behaviour, thinking, and emotions. They have onsets in early childhood, persistence into adult life, and high rates of altered cognitive and neurological function. They are frequent reasons for referral to psychiatry, paediatrics, and clinical psychology and often require team approaches to meet a variety of needs for service. This book includes accounts of the typical development and possible pathology of key functions whose alterations can underlie problems of mental development: motor function, attention, memory, executive function, communication, social understanding and empathy, reality testing, and emotional regulation. It goes on to descriptions of frequent clinical conditions: the spectra of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, tic disorders, coordination and learning difficulties, intellectual disability, and the psychotic disorders of young people. There are descriptions of recognition, diagnosis, prevalence, pathophysiology, and consequences for later development. These conditions very often coexist and present as dimensions rather than categorical illnesses. The effects of brain disorders on mental life are then considered, with special attention to epilepsy, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, acquired traumatic injury to the head, localized structural lesions, and endocrine and genetic disorders. Widely used treatments, both psychological and physical, are described in the context of their value for meeting multiple, often overlapping needs. Consequences of the conditions for individuals’ psychosocial development are described: stigma; physical illness and injury; economic disadvantage; and family, peer, and school stresses. This book is aimed at clinicians of all disciplines, clinical students, and educators encountering neuropsychiatric problems in young people.
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Breitbart, William, Phyllis Butow, Paul Jacobsen, Wendy Lam, Mark Lazenby et Matthew Loscalzo, dir. Psycho-Oncology. 4e éd. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190097653.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Psycho-Oncology, 4th edition, follows the publication of Psycho-Oncology, 3rd edition in 2015. This is the latest in the series of textbooks which have defined the field of psycho-oncology. William Breitbart, MD, serves as the new senior editor along with associate editors Phyllis N. Butow, PhD, MPH, of the University of Sydney; Paul B. Jacobsen, PhD, of the U.S. National Cancer Institute; Wendy W. T. Lam, RN, PhD, of the University of Hong Kong; Mark Lazenby, APRN, PhD, of the University of Connecticut School of Nursing; and Matthew J. Loscalzo, MSW, of the City of Hope. In this 4th edition of Psycho-Oncology, we feel we have accomplished the delicate task of having this “Official Textbook of our Field” serve both as the source textbook providing the broadest and most multidisciplinary essential science and practice of the field of psycho-oncology, as well as the newest and latest innovations and cutting-edge research and clinical practice that would equip our readers with the knowledge and resources to participate in the “new frontiers of psycho-oncology.” Several new sections and areas of update include: 1. Evidence-Based Interventions; 2. Digital Health Intervention; 3. Biobehavioral Psycho-Oncology; 4. Geriatric Oncology; 5. Pediatric Psycho-Oncology; 6. Survivorship; 7. Palliative Care and Advanced Planning; 8. Diversities in the Experience of Cancer; 9. Behavioral and Psychological Factors in Cancer Risk; Screening for Cancer in Normal and At-Risk Populations; 10. Screening and Testing for Germ Line and Somatic Mutations; 11. Screening and Assessment in Psychosocial Oncology; 12. Building Supportive Care Teams; 13. Psycho-Oncology in Health Policy.
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Shaibani, Aziz. Pseudoneurologic Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0022.
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The term functional has almost replaced psychogenic in the neuromuscular literature for two reasons. It implies a disturbance of function, not structural damage; therefore, it defies laboratory testing such as MRIS, electromyography (EMG), and nerve conduction study (NCS). It is convenient to draw a parallel to the patients between migraine and brain tumors, as both cause headache, but brain MRI is negative in the former without minimizing the suffering of the patient. It is a “software” and not a “hardware” problem. It avoids irritating the patient by misunderstanding the word psychogenic which to many means “madness.”The cause of this functional impairment may fall into one of the following categories:• Conversion reaction: conversion of psychological stress to physical symptoms. This may include paralysis, hemisensory or distal sensory loss, or conversion spasms. It affects younger age groups.• Somatization: chronic multiple physical and cognitive symptoms due to chronic stress. It affects older age groups.• Factions disorder: induced real physical symptoms due to the need to be cared for, such as injecting oneself with insulin to produce hypoglycemia.• Hypochondriasis: overconcern about body functions such as suspicion of ALS due to the presence of rare fasciclutations that are normal during stress and after ingestion of a large amount of coffee. Medical students in particular are targets for this disorder.The following points are to be made on this topic. FNMD should be diagnosed by neuromuscular specialists who are trained to recognize actual syndrome whether typical or atypical. Presentations that fall out of the recognition pattern of a neuromuscular specialist, after the investigations are negative, they should be considered as FNMDs. Sometimes serial examinations are useful to confirm this suspicion. Psychatrists or psychologists are to be consulted to formulate a plan to discover the underlying stress and to treat any associated psychiatric disorder or psychological aberration. Most patients think that they are stressed due to the illness and they fail to connect the neuromuscular manifestations and the underlying stress. They offer shop around due to lack of satisfaction, especially those with somatization disorders. Some patients learn how to imitate certain conditions well, and they can deceive health care professionals. EMG and NCS are invaluable in revealing FNMD. A normal needle EMG of a weak muscles mostly indicates a central etiology (organic or functional). Normal sensory responses of a severely numb limb mean that a lesion is preganglionic (like roots avulsion, CISP, etc.) or the cause is central (a doral column lesion or functional). Management of FNMD is difficult, and many patients end up being chronic cases that wander into clinics and hospitals seeking solutions and exhausting the health care system with unnecessary expenses.It is time for these disorders to be studied in detail and be classified and have criteria set for their diagnosis so that they will not remain diagnosed only by exclusion. This chapter will describe some examples of these disorders. A video clip can tell the story better than many pages of writing. Improvement of digital cameras and electronic media has improved the diagnosis of these conditions, and it is advisable that patients record some of their symptoms when they happen. It is not uncommon for some Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), such as myasthenia gravis (MG), small fiber neuropathy, and CISP, to be diagnosed as functional due to the lack of solid physical findings during the time of the examination. Therefore, a neuromuscular evaluation is important before these disorders are labeled as such. Some patients have genuine NMDs, but the majority of their symptoms are related to what Joseph Marsden called “sickness behavior.” A patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may unconsciously develop numbness of the entire side of the body because he thinks that he may have a stroke.
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Shutter Island. Rba Libros, 2010.
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