Articles de revues : « Membre permanent »

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Kaiser, Karl. « Devenir membre permanent du Conseil de Sécurité : un but légitime de la nouvelle politique extérieure allemande ». Politique étrangère 58, n^o 4 (1993) : 1011–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polit.1993.5907.

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de La Sablière, Jean-Marc. « La France et le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies ». Questions internationales 119-120, n^o 3 (19 octobre 2023) : 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/quin.119.0080.

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Sachant utiliser son statut de membre permanent, sans en abuser, la France a, le plus souvent, défendu la centralité et les compétences du Conseil de sécurité dans la gestion des crises. Elle a contribué à étendre son champ d’action, a favorisé son efficacité et a joué habilement de son propre positionnement diplomatique pour y obtenir les soutiens dont elle avait besoin. Aujourd’hui, la dégradation des relations entre les grandes puissances affectant négativement la contribution du Conseil à la paix et la sécurité internationales, la France s’efforce d’éviter la marginalisation de cet organe et certaines de ses dérives .

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Guérin, Daniel, Hasan Kirmanoǧlu et Ahmet Süerdem. « La Turquie : du « populisme permanent » à la montée de l’extrême-droite ». Note de recherche 21, n^o 2 (6 janvier 2003) : 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000482ar.

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Résumé Dans cet article, nous examinons le cas de la Turquie qui présente un exemple original en termes des politiques populistes menées depuis l’instauration du régime multipartite en 1950. L’originalité du cas turc réside dans deux aspects bien caractéristiques. Le premier est qu’en Turquie, contrairement aux cas de certains pays de l’Amérique latine, les politiques populistes ont été conduites par les gouvernements conservateurs de centre-droit. Ceux-ci, à travers les réseaux de patronage qu’ils ont organisés, ont bénéficié des relations patron-client qui caractérisent la structure sociale. Les organisations de parti représentaient plus des « partis-machines » que des partis ayant un programme national et une idéologie cohérents. Ils ont ainsi distribué généreusement les ressources qu’ils ont pu facilement obtenir, notamment lors de la période de guerre froide, grâce à la position géostratégique du pays en tant que membre de l’OTAN. Le second concerne le cercle vicieux auquel ont abouti les politiques populistes. Ce cercle vicieux est constitué par le cycle populisme/crise/coup d’État/politiques d’austérité. Mais, avec la fin de la période de guerre froide et le début de l’ère de mondialisation, la Turquie a commencé à éprouver des difficultés à trouver des ressources extérieures, obtenues notamment sous forme d’aide intergouvernementale, pour mener les politiques populistes. Ces ressources ont été remplacées par l’entrée des capitaux à court terme à des taux d’intérêt élevés, ce qui a paradoxalement facilité l’application du populisme mais aggravé ses effets néfastes. Cela a entraîné la montée tant du mouvement islamiste que du mouvement ultranationaliste avec d’importantes tensions sociopolitiques.

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Wang, Erik B. « The Iran-Iraq War Revisited : Some Reflections on the Role of International Law ». Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 32 (1995) : 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800005749.

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SommaireLe conflit Iran-Irak a été une guerre d'une extrême violence qui n'a respecté aucune des règles du droit international. L'auteur analyse en particulier trois aspects de ce conflit: l'usage illégal de la force, l'usage des armes chimiques ainsi que les attaques contre les'navires neutres. A la lumière de toutes ces violations du droit international, la communauté internationale, dont le Canada, n'a pas su réagir avec succès. Quelle leçon peut-on en retenir pour les autres conflits régionaux? L'intervention active de tierces parties à un conflit est donc plutôt l'exception que la règle. Afin de bénéficier d'une telle intervention de la communauté internationale, il faudrait une initiative américaine ou celle d'un autre membre permanent du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies.

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Dorval, Amilie. « COMPRENDRE L’EXPÉRIENCE DE LA PARENTALITÉ EN CONTEXTE DU PLACEMENT PERMANENT DE SON ENFANT AUPRÈS D’UN MEMBRE DE LA FAMILLE ÉLARGIE : APERÇU TEMPOREL ». Canadian Social Work Review 39, n^o 2 (2022) : 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1096805ar.

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Pinilla, Solange. « Russell Banks. Un membre permanent de la famille. Traduit de l’anglais (États-Unis) par Pierre Furlan. Actes Sud, 2015, 239 pages, 22 € ». Études mai, n^o 5 (10 avril 2015) : V. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4216.0121e.

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de L’Hotellerie-Fallois, Domingo J. Jiménez-Valladolid. « The Permanent Establishment : Still a (Permanent) Requirement ? » EC Tax Review 23, Issue 1 (1 février 2014) : 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2014002.

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This article examines the relevance of the 'remaining permanent establishment' requirement under the Merger Directive in the light of the recent jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union on corporate exit taxes. This requirement is a mechanism meant to ensure that Member States will be able to effectively exercise their taxing rights. However, the decisions of the Court of Justice in this field may have an impact on how the common tax system envisaged in the Merger Directive functions, obliging Member States to extend deferral to situations where the requirements envisaged in the Directive are not fulfilled.

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Bambo, Tome Fernando. « Moçambique no CSNU ». Carta Internacional 18, n^o 1 (16 avril 2023) : e1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.21530/ci.v18n1.2023.1298.

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A presente pesquisa analisa as razões que impulsionaram Moçambique a ingressar-se no CSNU na qualidade de membro não-permanente. A pergunta que norteou o estudo é: porque só hoje, Moçambique ambicionaria ingressar no CSNU como membro não-permanente? Com recurso ao método qualitativo e exploratório e aos pressupostos paradigmáticos da teoria construtivista, concluiu-se que o país procura no CSNU contribuir na manutenção da paz e segurança internacionais, promover a sua imagem no cenário mundial, angariar simpatia junto dos cinco países com assentos permanentes no órgão e obter ajuda económica, politico — militar no combate ao terrorismo e na proteção das suas fronteiras nacionais.

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Brock, Gerald B. « Formation permanente, l’AUC et ses membres ». Canadian Urological Association Journal 11, n^o 10 (12 octobre 2017) : 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.4938.

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Sherman, Craig W., David Gernes, Warren Clay, Victor Poirier et William F. Bernhard. « A Permanent Implantable Electric Blood Pump ». IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 5, n^o 1 (mars 1986) : 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memb.1986.5006252.

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Harris, Rex. « Nitromag – a new member of the permanent magnet family ». Physics World 4, n^o 3 (mars 1991) : 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/4/3/25.

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MORPHET, SALLY. « China as a Permanent Member of the Security Council ». Security Dialogue 31, n^o 2 (juin 2000) : 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010600031002002.

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Schuett, Lukas. « Permanence and Liability : Legal Considerations on the Integration of Carbon Dioxide Removal into the EU Emissions Trading System ». Transnational Environmental Law 13, n^o 1 (mars 2024) : 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102524000013.

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AbstractThis article examines how carbon dioxide (CO2) removal credits can be integrated into the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS), focusing on questions of permanence and climate liability. It identifies challenges within the integration process and analyzes approaches from practice and literature to cultivate learning. These approaches apply different strategies to address the issue of permanence, including temporary credit issuance, granting credits once a certain number of carbon tonne-years have been accumulated, or issuing credits at the beginning of the project period and relying on liability instead. Drawing from the findings of this research, the article presents legal considerations that may inform a proposal for an EU legislative act on the integration of carbon removal credits into the EU ETS. It suggests that only credits issued for permanent CO2 removal should be integrated to ensure the environmental integrity of the system. Furthermore, the liability of the project operator should transfer to the Member State under certain conditions to make liability risks more predictable.

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Beauchamp, Claude. « Le permanent syndical de la Confédération des syndicats nationaux ». Articles 8, n^o 3 (12 avril 2005) : 319–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/055374ar.

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Dans la société canadienne-française traditionnelle, le leadership était assez simple. Il était constitué du curé et des notables locaux, ordinairement le médecin et le notaire. Aujourd'hui, la situation est beaucoup plus complexe et les élites traditionnelles sont loin d'avoir le même pouvoir d'attraction. En milieu rural, elles ont perdu de l'influence au profit du gérant de la caisse populaire ou de l'instituteur, par exemple. Dans les milieux plus industrialisés, le syndicalisme a, lui aussi, favorisé chez nous l'émergence de nouvelles élites. Il n'est pas rare de voir le président d'un syndicat local sollicité pour occuper un poste au conseil municipal ou à la commission scolaire. De plus en plus, les officiers syndicaux exercent une influence, non seulement dans l'usine, mais aussi dans la municipalité, parfois même dans la région. À un autre échelon, nous retrouvons les permanents syndicaux. Peu nombreux il y a quelques années, ils sont aujourd'hui environ deux cents dans la seule Confédération des syndicats nationaux et ils sont répartis dans les principaux centres industriels de la province. Ces permanents syndicaux exercent un véritable leadership, d'abord sur les officiers et les membres des syndicats avec lesquels ils ont particulièrement à travailler, ensuite dans leur propre milieu, car eux aussi sont souvent sollicités pour assumer des responsabilités dans leur paroisse ou dans leur municipalité. Nous croyons que l'étude de ces nouvelles élites constitue une voie privilégiée pour expliquer l'évolution du Canada français. Elle nous permet de la saisir dans son dynamisme interne, en nous adressant à ceux-là qui sont non seulement les témoins de cette évolution mais qui la provoquent et l'orientent. Nous avons choisi de nous intéresser plus particulièrement aux permanents syndicaux. Parmi ceux-ci, nous retrouvons deux groupes : ceux qui ont accédé à cette fonction après avoir fait des études supérieures, généralement un cours universitaire ; ceux qui viennent de la base, ceux qui ont travaillé en usine ou dans des chantiers de construction, ont occupé diverses fonctions à l'intérieur de leur syndicat et qui, par la suite, furent libérés pour devenir permanents syndicaux. Il ne sera question ici que de ces derniers. Quelques permanents syndicaux sont au service de certains syndicats locaux dont les effectifs sont assez considérables mais la plupart sont à l'emploi, soit d'une fédération ou d'un conseil central, soit de la Confédération des syndicats nationaux comme telle. Le permanent syndical peut s'occuper de l'organisation de nouveaux syndicats, de la négociation des conventions collectives, de la discussion des griefs, de la préparation et de la direction des grèves ; il peut aussi être affecté à divers services comme le Service d'éducation. Il est habituellement agent d'affaires, organisateur ou conseiller technique. La plupart des permanents sont attachés à une fonction particulière, mais d'autres voient à l'ensemble des problèmes touchant la vie syndicale. Nous avons centré notre recherche sur les seuls permanents syndicaux d'origine ouvrière travaillant à l'intérieur des cadres de la Confédération des syndicats nationaux. Nous avons aussi limité notre échantillon aux permanents syndicaux travaillant à Montréal et à Québec. Ne disposant pas d'une longue période de temps pour effectuer ces entrevues, celles-ci ont été faites auprès des permanents qui pouvaient nous consacrer quelques heures sans trop de délais. Nous devons dire qu'ils étaient plutôt rares ; nous avons pu en rencontrer cinq à Montréal et quatre à Québec. L'âge de ces permanents varie entre trente-deux et soixante-sept ans. Six d'entre eux sont originaires d'un milieu industriel et urbain, les trois autres sont fils de cultivateurs. Leur degré d'instruction est en moyenne plus élevé que celui de l'ensemble des gens de leur génération. Le plus vieux a quitté l'école après la cinquième année, deux après la sixième, mais les autres ont fait une dixième année ou, encore, quelques années du cours classique. Presque tous ont pu parfaire leur instruction, surtout à la suite de leur participation à diverses associations, particulièrement à la Jeunesse ouvrière catholique ou au syndicalisme. Comme permanents syndicaux, ils ont de plus participé, chaque année, à diverses sessions d'étude. Tous nos informateurs ont commencé à travailler assez tôt : l'un à douze ans, les autres avant dix-sept ans. C'est dire que tous connurent pendant au moins quelques années, certains même pendant quinze ou vingt ans, la vie de travail en usine ou dans des chantiers de construction. Tous furent membres actifs d'une ou plusieurs associations avant de devenir permanents syndicaux. Et ils sont unanimes pour dire que ces diverses expériences ne sont pas étrangères à leurs préoccupations actuelles. Trois furent membres de la Jeunesse ouvrière catholique : un fut responsable au plan diocésain et un autre au plan national. La plupart s'occupèrent activement de syndicalisme, huit ayant été membres d'un syndicat, dont sept officiers. Un de nos informateurs fut, pendant quelques années, permanent pour le mouvement créditiste « Vers Demain ». Quelques-uns furent officiers d'une caisse populaire ; un autre participa à la formation d'une coopérative de consommation. Nous aborderons successivement les thèmes suivants : les comportements et les activités des permanents syndicaux, leurs motivations, leur perception de la société canadienne-française, quelques problèmes de la classe ouvrière, la mentalité des travailleurs, la signification du syndicalisme.

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Neira Palacio, Edison. « Gutiérrez Girardot y Mito : el contexto universal y las fuentes como escenario de la crítica ». Estudios de Literatura Colombiana, n^o 17 (2 novembre 2013) : 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.elc.17371.

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El presente artículo analiza la función social e intelectual de la revista Mito en las letras y cultura colombianas, y en particular, el papel del ensayista y filósofo colombiano Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot (1928-2005) quien fue miembro del grupo fundacional y colaborador permanente de la revista.Descriptores: Literatura colombiana; Gutiérrez Girardot, Rafael; revista Mito; revistas literarias; literatura latinoamericana; ensayo; crítica literaria; estudios culturales; sociología de la literatura; historiografía literaria.Abstract: The present article analyzes the social and intellectual role of the journal Mito in the Colombian letters and culture, specially the role of the essayist and Colombian philosopher Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot (1928-2005) who was member of the initial journal's group and its permanent collaborator. Key words: Colombian literature; Gutiérrez Girardot, Rafael; journal Mito; literary journals; Latin American literature; essay; literary criticism; cultural studies; sociology of literature; literary historiography.

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Lamude, Kevin G., Joseph Scudder et Donna Simmons. « Perceptions of Leader-Member Exchange : Comparison of Permanent and Temporary Employees ». Psychological Reports 87, n^o 2 (octobre 2000) : 689–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.2.689.

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This study was done to explore how perceived scores for leader-member exchange varies among temporary employees and permanent employees. Study of 158 subordinates indicated no significant difference between the two member groups.

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Masuzawa, M., M. Mita, K. Kikuchi et K. Aimuta. « Development of a Multimagnetic Property Member for Permanent Magnet Motor ». IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 42, n^o 10 (octobre 2006) : 3500–3502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2006.880082.

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Donadio, Luciano, et Carlos Espósito. « Inter-jurisdictional Co-operation in the MERCOSUR : The First Request for an Advisory Opinion of the MERCOSUR’s Permanent Review Tribunal by Argentina’s Supreme Court of Justice ». Law & ; Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 10, n^o 2 (2011) : 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180311x582152.

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AbstractThis comment discusses the request for an advisory opinion that originated in the case Sancor c/ Dirección General de Aduanas. This case emerged from the resolution of the Argentine Ministry of Economy which set export duties of 5% to certain milk products, without discriminating with regard to the destination of them, i.e. including members as well as non-members of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR). In this way, and after a long judicial process, in October 2009 Argentina’s Supreme Court of Justice (CSJN) requested an advisory opinion from the Permanent Review Tribunal of the MERCOSUR, ‐ Tribunal Permanente de Revisión ‐ asking the question “Does the Treaty of Asunción require Member States of MERCOSUR the obligation not to impose duties on exports of goods which are originated in one of them and which have another Member State as its final destination?” This article describes the historical circumstances surrounding the Argentine governmental measure, and then analyzes three specific issues related to the request of the advisory opinion by the Supreme Court: 1) the place of international law in the Argentine legal system; 2) the procedural legitimacy of the decision of the Court; and 3) some substantive issues involved in the requested advisory opinion.

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Bassani, Roberto. « A Stability Space of a Magnetomechanical Bearing ». Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 129, n^o 2 (19 juin 2006) : 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2431812.

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Permanent magnet pairs have negligible friction; however, the levitating member is unstable. In this paper, it is demonstrated that if the other member vibrates in a suitable way, the levitating one may be stable.

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HAYES-RENSHAW, FIONA, CHRISTIAN LEQUESNE et PEDRO MAYOR LOPEZ. « The Permanent Representations of the Member States to the European Communities ». JCMS : Journal of Common Market Studies 28, n^o 2 (décembre 1989) : 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1989.tb00359.x.

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LAMUDE, KEVIN G. « PERCEPTIONS OF LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE : COMPARISON OF PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES ». Psychological Reports 87, n^o 6 (2000) : 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.87.6.689-691.

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Saragih, Hendra Maujana. « Indonesian Diplomacy to Become a Non-Permanent Member of the UN Security Council 2019-2020 ». International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies 1, n^o 1 (27 décembre 2021) : 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijahs.2021.1.1.18.

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The UN Security Council has 15 members divided into two types of membership, namely permanent members and non-permanent members. This research describes and analyzes phenomena, such as events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, thoughts of people individually or in groups. This study seeks to explore Indonesia's strategy and diplomacy to be elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council (UNSC) for the 2019-2020 period. Indonesia is actively contributing to peace, humanity, and prosperity in the region and globally. This variable is the primary consideration for UN member states to support Indonesia. Another reason besides that is inseparable from the maturing of democracy in Indonesia. UN member states view Indonesia as a tolerant country, where Islam and democracy go together. Indonesia will strengthen the global peace and stability ecosystem. For this reason, Indonesia will encourage a culture of dialogue so that conflict resolution can always exist peacefully. Indonesia will also seek to increase the synergy between regional organizations and the UN Security Council in maintaining peace and increasing the capacity of UN peacekeepers, including the role of women.

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Mukhtaruddin, Juliana, et Beh Zeng Kang. « Malaysia's Active Role in the United Nations Security Council ». International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, n^o 1 (16 janvier 2023) : e01259. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i1.1259.

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Purpose: The UNSC non-permanent member plays a vital role in promoting peace and security in current international affairs together with the other five permanent members. Besides the five veto powers, most of the UN members are wishing to be elected as UNSC non-permanent members. Fortunately, Malaysia has been a non-permanent member of the UNSC on four (4) occasions since it acceded to the United Nations in 1957 (1965-1966, 1989-1990, 1999-2000, and 2015-2016). Thus, this study examines Malaysia’s active role in several outstanding UNSC issues. As for affirming its commitment to remain dedicated to resolving international conflict by peaceful means, protecting the world community by the rule of law, and practicing moderation. Methodology: This study is qualitative research that uses both primary and secondary data gathered from various resources. First, primary data was gathered from various official institutions, including the official website of the UN, the UNSC, and the Malaysian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In addition, this study conducted interviews with several experts in the field. Meanwhile, secondary data was gathered from a variety of sources, including books, magazines, reports, local and international newspapers, and internet documents. Findings: Malaysia's active and committed role in ensuring global peace and security has prompted it to apply for a non-permanent seat in the UNSC. As a non-permanent member of the UNSC, Malaysia receives the recognition and honours of serving the global community. Malaysia can therefore solve international concerns brought up at the UNSC given its significant experience working with different member nations. In doing so, Malaysia supports initiatives to uphold peace and security and works to settle differences constructively. Research Implications: The study makes a substantial contribution to the body of knowledge, particularly regarding Malaysia's active participation as a non-permanent member of the UNSC. Consequently, this study had a favourable influence on many facets of the community. This study is specifically able to assist the Malaysian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and government agencies in dealing with international actors as well as enhancing world peace and cooperation. Meanwhile, in general, this study can boost further research for the academicians related to Malaysia’s significant position in the UN as to help halt international conflicts. Furthermore, this study supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), which emphasize a significant reduction in all types of conflict and encourage communities and governments to work together to end disputes and insecurity.

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Zulfa, Nuril. « Pengaruh Leader Member Exchange (LMX) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Kepuasan Kerja pada PT. Berlian Jasa Terminal Indonesia ». Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen 9, n^o 1 (31 mars 2021) : 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jim.v9n1.p414-424.

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This study aims to determine and explain the effect of leader member exchange on employee performance through job satisfaction at PT. Berlian Jasa Terminal Indonesia. This research is a type of causal research with a quantitative approach with a population of 256 permanent employees, and the sampling technique uses probability sampling with a sample of 156 permanent employees. The statistical analysis used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 23.0 software. This study indicates that the leader member exchange has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction because there is a trusting relationship between superiors and subordinates. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance because it was following company standards. Leader member exchange does not affect employee performance because it structures the performance appraisal. Job satisfaction cannot be an intervening variable between leader member exchange and employee performance due to high workload

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Nováky, Niklas. « The EU’s Permanent Structured Cooperation in defence : Keeping Sleeping Beauty from snoozing ». European View 17, n^o 1 (20 mars 2018) : 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685818764813.

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In December 2017 the EU established Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO). Previously an unused instrument in the Treaty on European Union, PESCO enables able and willing EU member states to develop their defence capabilities and improve the deployability of their forces through common projects. This article argues that PESCO has the potential to become a game changer for EU defence cooperation and could help the Union to achieve strategic autonomy, but only if (1) the participating member states do more than the minimum required to fulfil their binding PESCO commitments, (2) the implementation of PESCO is monitored rigorously at the national and EU levels and (3) there are consequences for those member states that fail to meet their commitments. Otherwise, PESCO will become—like the Battlegroups before it—another oversold EU security and defence initiative that failed to meet the expectations placed on it.

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Farrall, Jeremy, Marie-Eve Loiselle, Christopher Michaelsen, Jochen Prantl et Jeni Whalan. « Elected member influence in the United Nations Security Council ». Leiden Journal of International Law 33, n^o 1 (28 novembre 2019) : 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156519000657.

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AbstractThis article reassesses how members of the UN Security Council exercise influence over the Council’s decision-making process, with particular focus on the ten elected members (the E10). A common understanding of Security Council dynamics accords predominance to the five permanent members (the P5), suggesting bleak prospects for the Council as a forum that promotes the voices and representation of the 188 non-permanent members. The assumption is that real power rests with the P5, while the E10 are there to make up the numbers. By articulating a richer account of Council dynamics, this article contests the conventional wisdom that P5 centrality crowds out space for the E10 to influence Council decision-making. It also shows that opportunities for influencing Council decision-making go beyond stints of elected membership. It argues that the assumed centrality of the P5 on the Council thus needs to be qualified and re-evaluated.

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Mai, Sy Hung, Duc Hanh Nguyen, Viet-Linh Tran et Duc-Kien Thai. « Development of Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Predicting Permanent Transverse Displacement of Circular Hollow Section Steel Members under Impact Loads ». Buildings 13, n^o 6 (26 mai 2023) : 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061384.

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The impact effect is a crucial issue in civil engineering and has received considerable attention for decades. For the first time, this study develops hybrid machine learning models that integrate the novel Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model with Particle Swam Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Moth Flame Optimizer (MFO), Jaya (JA), and Multi-Verse Optimizer (MVO) algorithms for predicting the permanent transverse displacement of circular hollow section (CHS) steel members under impact loads. The hybrid machine learning models are developed using data collected from 357 impact tests of CHS steel members. The efficacy of hybrid machine learning models is evaluated using three performance metrics. The results show that the GWO-XGB model achieves high accuracy and outperforms the other models. The values of R2, RMSE, and MAE obtained from the GWO-XGB model for the test set are 0.981, 2.835 mm, and 1.906 mm, respectively. The SHAP-based model explanation shows that the initial impact velocity of the indenter, the impact mass, and the ratio of impact position to the member length are the most sensitive parameters, followed by the yield strength of the steel member and the member length; meanwhile, member diameter and member thickness are the parameters least sensitive to the permanent transverse displacement of CHS steel members. Finally, this study develops a web application tool to help rapidly estimate the permanent transverse displacement of CHS steel members under impact loads.

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Khostiuk, I. V. « ON THE CORRELATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SOVEREIGN EQUALITY OF STATES AND THE STATUS OF PERMANENT MEMBER OF A PERMANENT MEMBER OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL ». Law Bulletin, n^o 18 (2021) : 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32850/lb2414-4207.2021.18.11.

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Berneri, Chiara. « Ewaen Fred Ogieriakhi v. Minister for Justice and Equality, Ireland ». European Public Law 21, Issue 3 (1 août 2015) : 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2015025.

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One of the key innovations of Directive 2004/38 EC is the introduction of Article 16 on the right of permanent residence in the host EU Member States of EU citizens and their third-country national family members. For the first time EU citizens and their third-country national family members, regardless of whether they are engaged in employment, are eligible to the right of permanent residence after having resided in the host Member State for a continuous period of five years. The acquisition of the right of permanent residence grants EU citizens and their family members’ enhanced protection against expulsion. In addition, those who have such a right shall enjoy equal treatment with the nationals of that Member State also in terms of social benefits and tax credits. The advantages deriving from this provision led many EU citizens and third-country nationals to try rely on it in different circumstances. For this reason, often, national courts have found it necessary to stay proceedings and refer to the Court of Justice of the European Union in order to seek clarifications regarding its application. This occurred also in Case C-244/13, Ogieriakhi v. Minister for Justice and Equality.

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Hall, J. E., et J. T. Mottram. « Combined FRP Reinforcement and Permanent Formwork for Concrete Members ». Journal of Composites for Construction 2, n^o 2 (mai 1998) : 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0268(1998)2:2(78).

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Roele, Isobel. « Around Arendt’s table : Bureaucracy and the non-permanent members of the UN Security Council ». Leiden Journal of International Law 33, n^o 1 (28 novembre 2019) : 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156519000645.

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AbstractNon-permanent members’ strategies to augment their influence in the United Nations Security Council usually seek parity of status with the permanent members. A more radical and transformative strategy would seek to change the Council itself. Working methods reform holds more potential in this respect than composition reform. At present, however, working methods reform is oriented to increasing non-permanent members’ status and focuses on redistributing administrative roles like sub-committee chairing and penholding. The price non-permanent members pay for their offices, however, is bureaucratic drudgery, which both keeps them from pursuing their own political priorities, and socializes them into the permanent members’ rhythms of work. Using Hannah Arendt’s concepts of work, labour, and natality, this contribution analyses strategies for influence in the Security Council, and offers a negative reading of Arendt’s ideas to suggest that non-permanent members should present a more obstructive counterforce in the Council, by cultivating their difference.

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Carreno-Davidson, Jamie T., Theresa N. Faller, Melissa D. Richardson et Tanja C. Roy. « Behavioral Health–related Reasons for Permanent Duty Limitation Profiles in the U.S. Army : Population-Based Data from 2017 to 2019 ». Military Medicine 188, Supplement_6 (1 novembre 2023) : 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usad183.

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ABSTRACT Introduction When warfighters are unable to fight, they are formally removed from battle through temporary or permanent duty limitation profiles. This study uses a population-based data repository to characterize permanent behavioral health (BH)–related profiles across the army for an identified 2-year period. The absolute risk of a permanent duty limitation for specific BH categories was also examined. Materials and Methods This study utilized a retrospective population-based design to identify all new BH diagnoses across the U.S. Army. Service members identified as having a new BH diagnosis were tracked for 12 months following the diagnosis to determine the recommendation of a permanent duty limitation profile. Results From 2017 to 2018, 16% (n = 102,440) of service members received a “new” BH diagnosis. Less than 10% (9.5%; n = 9,752) of soldiers diagnosed with a BH disorder were issued a permanent BH-related duty profile within 12 months of the initial diagnosis. The absolute risk of a permanent profile was highest for soldiers diagnosed with a psychotic or delusional disorder (42%; n = 324) followed by dissociative or somatoform disorders (26%; n = 178) and eating disorders (23%; n = 108). Conclusions Military regulations dictating medical readiness and retention standards reflect both the standards required for mission readiness and a layer of medical protection for the service member. This study provides important information on the relationship between a new BH diagnosis and the likelihood that a service member will be referred for a retirement evaluation.

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ILINCA, Dragoș. « ROLUL COOPERĂRII STRUCTURATE PERMANENTE ÎN DEZVOLTAREA CAPABILITĂȚILOR DE APĂRARE ». Impact strategic 83, n^o 2 (4 novembre 2022) : 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/1842-810x-22-6.

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Cooperarea europeană în domeniul apărării a înregistrat în ultima perioadă progrese semnificative atât din perspectivă operațională, cât și în ceea ce privește dezvoltarea capabilităților de securitate și apărare. În acest context, se plasează lansarea unor inițiative în care problema capabilităților este abordată prin orientarea formulelor de cooperare multinaționale către acoperirea deficitelor identificate în cadrul procesului de planificare derulat sub egida Politicii de Securitate și Apărare Comună. Un rol determinant pentru succesul acestui demers îl are Cooperarea Structurată Permanentă (PESCO), inițiativă lansată la 13 noiembrie 2017, prin Notificarea Comună semnată de miniștrii de externe și ai apărării din 25 de state membre UE. Expresie a caracterului interguvernamental al dimensiunii de securitate și apărare la nivelul Uniunii Europene, PESCO a evoluat rapid către o platformă de cooperare între statele membre pentru dezvoltarea capabilităților de apărare, acoperind o gamă largă de domenii. Astfel, în mai puțin de cinci ani de funcționare, sub egida PESCO au fost inițiate 60 de proiecte de cooperare. De asemenea, la sfârșitul lunii februarie 2022 a fost activată în context operațional prima capabilitate dezvoltată sub auspiciile acestei inițiative. Aceste aspecte sunt de natură să evidențieze potențialul pe care Cooperarea Structurată Permanentă îl poate angaja în susținerea procesului de dezvoltare a profilului și contribuției UE în domeniul securității și apărării.

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Delon, Francis. « La concertation entre les membres permanents du Conseil de Sécurité ». Annuaire français de droit international 39, n^o 1 (1993) : 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/afdi.1993.3121.

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Böcker, Anita, et Tineke Strik*. « Language and Knowledge Tests for Permanent Residence Rights : Help or Hindrance for Integration ? » European Journal of Migration and Law 13, n^o 2 (2011) : 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181611x571268.

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AbstractMore and more Member States require immigrants from outside the EU to pass language or knowledge-of-society tests in different stages of the immigration and integration process. This article focuses on the application of this requirement as a condition for obtaining a permanent residence permit or the EU long-term resident status. It is based on an international comparative study that included seven Member States with integration conditions (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom). The article analyses the reasons behind the introduction of language and knowledge tests for applicants for a permanent residence permit or the EU long-term resident status in these Member States. Secondly, it examines the effects of the tests on the integration process of third-country nationals admitted for non-temporary stay. Finally, it discusses the legal constraints posed by EU and international law.

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Lubis, Ikhsan, et Neneng Oktarina. « PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP DIREKSI YANG DIBERHENTIKAN TANPA MELALUI RAPAT UMUM PEMEGANG SAHAM (Studi Pada PT. Sumber Andalan Mandiri (SAM)) ». UNES Law Review 1, n^o 2 (26 décembre 2018) : 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/law.v1i2.25.

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One of the most incorporated legal entities as a business entity by business people today is a Limited Liability Company. In practice the mechanism for the appointment, replacement, and dismissal of the Board of Directors is not always adhered to properly by the Company's organs. In the case of PT. SAM with Phiedi as Director of PT. SAM has permanently and permanently dismissed one member of the Board of Directors from his position as a director without going through the GMS. Legal facts, the existence of e-mail dated April 22 and 24 2014 which essentially contained the dismissal of the Directors of PT. SAM is permanent or permanent. This paper discusses several problem formulations, namely: 1) What is the legal protection of directors who are dismissed without going through a general meeting of shareholders according to the positive legal framework in Indonesia? 2) What is the legal effort made by the directors who are dismissed without going through a general meeting of shareholders? This research is a descriptive research. The approach used in this study is a normative juridical approach supported by an empirical juridical approach. The data used in this study are secondary data and primary data. Against all data and materials obtained from the results of the study will be compiled and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study explain that legal protection against directors who are replaced by directors who are dismissed without going through the GMS then: 1) Each member of the board of directors is personally responsible for the loss of the company; 2) Personal responsibility is attached to the member of the board of commissioners if he is guilty or negligent in carrying out the duties of supervision or giving advice; 3) Although the loss arises from the management of the board of directors, the members of the board of commissioners remain personally responsible if in the supervision of the implementation of the management of the board of directors there is an element of error or negligence of the board of commissioners; and 4) The extent of personal responsibility of the members of the board of commissioners, limited to their mistakes or negligence, and fifth, if the members of the board of commissioners consist of 2 (two) or more, personal responsibility, is jointly responsible for each member of the board of commissioners. Legal efforts made by directors who are dismissed without going through a general meeting of shareholders, then upon dismissal of the Board of Directors without the GMS, the Commissioner must immediately convene an Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders to follow up on the temporary dismissal of the Board of Directors by the Board of Commissioners, then as soon as possible the Board of Commissioners calls the shareholders in the framework of the Extraordinary GMS to strengthen its decision. Considering that the Director is a majority shareholder, of course the ordinary GMS will not succeed because there is a quorum rule and the validation of the vote

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Novak, Stjepan. « The Expulsion of a Permanent Member of the UNSC from the UN ». Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 60, n^o 1 (28 mars 2023) : 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2023.60.147.219.

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The Russian aggression on Ukraine has triggered a complex question: could Russia, as one of five permanent members of the UNSC, be expelled from the UN regardless of Article 6 of the UN Charter? This Article provides that a UN member state which has persistently violated the principles from the Charter may be expelled from the UN by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the UNSC. Since this recommendation of the UNSC requires unanimity of all its permanent members, it seems that the international community has been faced with a seemingly unsolvable situation. Nevertheless, there are maneuvers based on the rules of customary international law embodied in the Vienna Convention of the Law of Treaties, that could be exercised. Those maneuvers would not be something unseen in the history of UN law; however extreme and severe consequences would arise this time.

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Kennedy, John B., Mokhtar Seddeik et Frank Brady. « Deformations in Cold-bent HSS Members ». Engineering Journal 23, n^o 3 (30 septembre 1986) : 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v23i3.468.

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The purpose of this investigation is to predict the relation between the radius of bend and the distortion of Hollow Structural Section (HSS) members. An experimental program was carried out using twenty-seven different profiles of HSS members. The pyramid-type, three-roller bending machine was used as the method of cold-bending. The cross-section distortion is defined by two parameters that describe the permanent deformations in the flange and web of the crosssection. Multiple regression analysis was used to obtain a relation between each of these parameters, the cross section properties and the radius of bend. The effect of the resulting distortion on the moment of inertia of the HSS member is also studied. A parametric study is undertaken to demonstrate the influence of the change in the cross-section dimensions on the permanent distortion.

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Coelmont, Jo. « CSDP and the Ghent Framework : The Indirect Approach to Permanent Structured Cooperation ? » European Foreign Affairs Review 16, Issue 2 (1 mai 2011) : 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2011012.

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The move, with the Lisbon Treaty, from a European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) to a Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) must mean more than a change of name. This article pleads for a creative use of Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), the new mechanism in the area of defence offered by the Lisbon Treaty. Building on the continued will of European Union (EU) Member States to pursue the transformation of their armed forces towards expeditionary operations, notably by exploiting opportunities for further pooling and sharing of capabilities, we propose a Permanent Capability Conference as a high-level political platform to generate effective military convergence. Systematic alignment of national defence planning through such a permanent and structured process at the strategic level will enable each Member State to focus its defence effort on the right capabilities, to do away with redundant capabilities, to make maximal use of pooling and specialization, and to contribute to multinational projects to address Europe's strategic capability shortfalls. In times of austerity, there is no alternative to European cooperation if Europe wants to remain militarily relevant.

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Kleinowski, Marcin. « Trwały system podziału mandatów w Parlamencie Europejskim – uwarunkowania prawne i polityczne ». Przegląd Sejmowy 2(169) (2022) : 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/ps.2022.99.

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The article analyses the issue of introducing a permanent system of distribution of seats in the European Parliament, taking into account the existing legal and political conditions. It points out that as a result of the entry into force of the provisions of the Treaty of Lisbon, and then Brexit, the indirect voting power of citizens of the largest Member States, especially Germany, France and Italy, in the decision-making process in the EU, has increased. At the same time, most of the proposed methods of distribution of seats in this institution lead to a significant increase in the number of parliamentary seats for the Member States with the largest populations. The paper presents the original concept of a permanent system of distribution of seats in the European Parliament, which ensures that when it is first applied, no Member State will have a smaller number of seats than it resulted from European Council Decision of 28 June 2013 establishing the composition of the European Parliament. It, therefore, meets the important political requirement that the introduction of the new method of distribution of parliamentary seats does not result in a reduction in the number of seats for any Member State.

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Haygood, Montana, et Bruce N. Walker. « Temporary and Permanent Hearing Loss Among College-Aged Drumline Members ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, n^o 1 (septembre 2016) : 1009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601234.

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Many musicians experience dangerous levels of sound exposure throughout their musical careers. In particular, members of marching percussion ensembles (“drumlines”) are exposed to prolonged periods of potentially damaging levels of sound. As a result, they are at risk of developing hearing loss. This study determines whether any significant hearing loss or threshold shifts occurs with drumline members in an indoor drumline and college marching band. Two groups of participants were analyzed: one group consisted of both college drumline and community-based competitive drumline members, while the other (control) group consisted of non-drummers who were matched for age and gender to the drummers. The non-drummers were given an audiogram to determine the lowest levels of sound they could detect. The drummers were given an audiogram immediately before and after a drumline rehearsal. First, the drummer group showed significant hearing loss at the start of their rehearsal, compared to the non-drummer group. This is indication of permanent hearing loss for the drummers. Second, the drummers’ hearing thresholds after rehearsal were compared to their levels immediately before rehearsal. A significant shift in the drummer group’s hearing threshold was found, indicating (additional) temporary hearing loss occurring over the course of the rehearsal. Earplug usage of the drummers during their rehearsals was also analyzed. Drummers who did not wear earplugs exhibited a significantly greater threshold shift (i.e., hearing loss) than drummers who did wear earplugs. Evidence of both temporary and permanent hearing loss amongst the drummer group makes it clear that drumline members should be required to wear hearing protection during rehearsals, and presumably also during performances.

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Dyachenko, Alexander. « On the Anniversary of Valeriy M. Klepikov ». Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, n^o 2 (décembre 2023) : 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2023.2.16.

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To our good friend and colleague, famous Volgograd archaeologist, permanent member of the editorial board of the The Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin Valery M. Klepikov turned 70 on August 5, 2023.

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Gordon, N., et T. Lin. « PS3-38 : The Kaiser Permanente Northern California Member Health Survey Project ». Clinical Medicine & ; Research 11, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2013) : 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2013.1176.ps3-38.

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Muratshina, Ksenia. « The First Decade of the BRICS Group : Evolution of the Cooperation Structure ». Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n^o 4 (2021) : 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640016192-9.

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This paper analyses the institutional development of the BRICS group throughout the first decade of its functioning, from 2009 to 2019. The evolution of the cooperation structure is studied through the analysis of the BRICS’ documents, such as multilateral declarations and communiqués, reports of state institutions of member countries, comments of the political leaders. The practical implementation of the agreements has been traced by studying the group’s reports and the online news archives of the mass media of the member states. The author proposes a periodisation of the BRICS structural development. 2009–2011 – the initial stage, the formation of the group’s structure. The key working mechanisms were formed at that stage. However, the first permanent institutions of BRICS were formed at the next stage, in 2012–2014, the stage of permanent structure formation for the group. Then, in 2015–2016, the group has undergone the stage of intensive structural diversification. And in 2017–2019, BRICS maintained this trend, but the key structural changes were related to the group’s joint contacts with the rest of the world. The structure of cooperation within BRICS has changed significantly during the decade. The group formed both non-institutionalised, but regular dialogue formats, and permanent institutions for cooperation. The system of the contacts between the member states covers all aspects of cooperation. At the same time, the group has not institutionalised as an international organisation and remained a forum. The reasons for this are the collective support of a non-integrating format and the divergence of the member states’ approaches to cooperation, which has also had its impact on the BRICS work.

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Grigoraş, Constantin, et Florian Ianoşiu-Hangan. « European Armed Forces Where to ? » International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, n^o 1 (1 juin 2019) : 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0010.

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Abstract The permanent structured cooperation in the security and defence policy has been introduced through the Lisbon Treaty. It considered an opportunity for countries that are members of the EU to cooperate more tightly in the security and defence domain. This permanent state of cooperation in the defence domain will allow the member countries that are willing and able to develop common defence capabilities to invest in common projects and improve the contribution and operational availability of their armed forces.

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Flores-Prado, Luis, et Jorge Zamorano. « En memoria de Elizabeth Gloria Chiappa Tapia (1941-2022) ». REVISTA CHILENA DE ENTOMOLOGÍA 48, n^o 3 (29 juillet 2022) : 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.48.3.22.10.

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Desde nuestro profundo pesar, y con nuestro mayor respeto, los autores del presente texto queremos referirnos a parte del legado de quien ha sido una figura inspiradora para muchas generaciones de estudiantes y entomólogos/as, como homenaje póstumo y en recuerdo permanente de nuestra formadora en el ámbito de la entomología, profesora Elizabeth Chiappa..........

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Brigham, Christopher R. « Body Member Impairments : Scheduled Awards and the Federal Employees' Compensation Act ». Guides Newsletter 15, n^o 5 (1 septembre 2010) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2010.sepoct01.

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Abstract This article focuses on the use of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) in evaluating Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP), Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA) scheduled loss cases for an accepted work-related condition. Effective May 1, 2009, the Division of Federal Employees’ Compensation (DFEC), which administers FECA, adopted the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, noting that DFEC has used the AMA Guides for more than fifty years, dating back to the first Guide for Extremities and Back (1958). The scheduled award provision of the OWCP FECA and implementing regulations set forth the number of weeks of compensation to be paid for permanent loss, or loss of use, of body members listed in the schedule. The FECA regulations that define impairment are consistent with the definition provided in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, except for impairments of the lungs. Also, pain is included as a component of the medical condition (diagnosis) and should not be measured separately unless the pain does not correlate with objective findings or bodily dysfunction. The article includes several special determinations under FECA, including loss of body parts, loss of hearing or vision, loss of function of bodily organs, lung impairment, and impairments in other organs.

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Klein, Daniel, Christopher Ludwig et Christoph Spengel. « Besteuerung digitaler Unternehmen – die schwierige Suche nach einem europäischen Ansatz ». integration 43, n^o 3 (2020) : 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0720-5120-2020-3-169.

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In March 2018, the European Commission introduced two Directive proposals to target tax challenges in the era of digitalization. The first Directive proposal suggests to introduce a digital services tax of 3 percent on gross revenues from digital services as an interim measure. The second one proposes as a long-term solution to extend the permanent establishment concept to create a virtual permanent establishment if a corporation has a “significant digital presence” in a country. So far, a lack of consensus among the member states of the European Union has made successful legislation on the European level unlikely. Despite the absence of an intra-community agreement, several member states have implemented the Directive proposal of a digital services tax with various adaptions unilaterally. These actions contradict the efforts to develop agreeable tax reforms on a multilateral level. The article at hand critically evaluates the current European reform proposals.

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Jubaidi, Khoirunnisa, et Maisarti Razali Budiman. « Indonesia's role as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council in Assisting the Resolution of Conflict in Afghanistan for the 2019-2020 Period ». Ilomata International Journal of Social Science 2, n^o 1 (28 janvier 2021) : 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v2i1.149.

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Indonesia has been elected for the fourth time to become a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Indonesia with its free and active foreign policy is entrusted with this position. Indonesia will serve during the 2019-2020 period. Indonesia has done a lot for world peace in accordance with the 1945 Constitution and with its free and active political principles. The author wants to see the role of Indonesia in its membership in the UNSC in helping to bring about peace in conflicting countries, in this case Afghanistan. However, the long conflict between the United States and the Taliban can be contained and resolved properly. The UN Security Council has the responsibility for this, and Indonesia takes part in it. How Indonesia makes policies and takes a role as a member of the International Organization Agency, who has this sizeable responsibility. By using the theory of Conflict Resolution and international organizations as an analysis tool, the author will discuss Indonesia's role as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council in resolving the conflict in Afghanistan in 2019-2020. Keywords: Role, conflict, Peace

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Aslam, Tehmina, et Ilsa Tariq. « Pakistan’s emerging regional politico-economic role in the SCO ». Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 5, n^o 2 (25 octobre 2021) : 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.2.11.

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Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is presently a Eurasian politico-economic bloc having two South Asian members, Pakistan and India. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prospective role of Pakistan in the SCO with qualitative study based on interviews. On June 2017, Pakistan was granted permanent membership in the SCO during its 16th Heads of State Summit in Astana. By associating itself as a permanent member, summit allows Pakistan to contribute to regional development alongside other key regional players, Russia and China and India. The study gave four findings that how multilateralism was having a calming effect on a regional conflict, Pakistan embracing independence from isolation through Trans-Afghanistan gas pipeline. Through CPEC, Pakistan was offering the SCO member countries an economic hallway. And how the Eurasian politico-economic ambitions to reach the warm waters of the Arabian Sea was perceived as hampering the Western economic interests, thereby offering a major impediment to Pakistan’s emerging role in the SCO. Moreover, SCO participation will help enhance Pakistan's worldwide socio-economic objectives. This study examines the socio-politico and economic aspirations of Pakistan and benefit due to ties with SCO member countries.

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