Bibliographies thématiques / Membre permanent

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Membre permanent »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 25 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Membre permanent"

Kaiser, Karl. « Devenir membre permanent du Conseil de Sécurité : un but légitime de la nouvelle politique extérieure allemande ». Politique étrangère 58, n^o 4 (1993) : 1011–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polit.1993.5907.

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de La Sablière, Jean-Marc. « La France et le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies ». Questions internationales 119-120, n^o 3 (19 octobre 2023) : 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/quin.119.0080.

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Sachant utiliser son statut de membre permanent, sans en abuser, la France a, le plus souvent, défendu la centralité et les compétences du Conseil de sécurité dans la gestion des crises. Elle a contribué à étendre son champ d’action, a favorisé son efficacité et a joué habilement de son propre positionnement diplomatique pour y obtenir les soutiens dont elle avait besoin. Aujourd’hui, la dégradation des relations entre les grandes puissances affectant négativement la contribution du Conseil à la paix et la sécurité internationales, la France s’efforce d’éviter la marginalisation de cet organe et certaines de ses dérives .

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Guérin, Daniel, Hasan Kirmanoǧlu et Ahmet Süerdem. « La Turquie : du « populisme permanent » à la montée de l’extrême-droite ». Note de recherche 21, n^o 2 (6 janvier 2003) : 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000482ar.

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Résumé Dans cet article, nous examinons le cas de la Turquie qui présente un exemple original en termes des politiques populistes menées depuis l’instauration du régime multipartite en 1950. L’originalité du cas turc réside dans deux aspects bien caractéristiques. Le premier est qu’en Turquie, contrairement aux cas de certains pays de l’Amérique latine, les politiques populistes ont été conduites par les gouvernements conservateurs de centre-droit. Ceux-ci, à travers les réseaux de patronage qu’ils ont organisés, ont bénéficié des relations patron-client qui caractérisent la structure sociale. Les organisations de parti représentaient plus des « partis-machines » que des partis ayant un programme national et une idéologie cohérents. Ils ont ainsi distribué généreusement les ressources qu’ils ont pu facilement obtenir, notamment lors de la période de guerre froide, grâce à la position géostratégique du pays en tant que membre de l’OTAN. Le second concerne le cercle vicieux auquel ont abouti les politiques populistes. Ce cercle vicieux est constitué par le cycle populisme/crise/coup d’État/politiques d’austérité. Mais, avec la fin de la période de guerre froide et le début de l’ère de mondialisation, la Turquie a commencé à éprouver des difficultés à trouver des ressources extérieures, obtenues notamment sous forme d’aide intergouvernementale, pour mener les politiques populistes. Ces ressources ont été remplacées par l’entrée des capitaux à court terme à des taux d’intérêt élevés, ce qui a paradoxalement facilité l’application du populisme mais aggravé ses effets néfastes. Cela a entraîné la montée tant du mouvement islamiste que du mouvement ultranationaliste avec d’importantes tensions sociopolitiques.

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Wang, Erik B. « The Iran-Iraq War Revisited : Some Reflections on the Role of International Law ». Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 32 (1995) : 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800005749.

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SommaireLe conflit Iran-Irak a été une guerre d'une extrême violence qui n'a respecté aucune des règles du droit international. L'auteur analyse en particulier trois aspects de ce conflit: l'usage illégal de la force, l'usage des armes chimiques ainsi que les attaques contre les'navires neutres. A la lumière de toutes ces violations du droit international, la communauté internationale, dont le Canada, n'a pas su réagir avec succès. Quelle leçon peut-on en retenir pour les autres conflits régionaux? L'intervention active de tierces parties à un conflit est donc plutôt l'exception que la règle. Afin de bénéficier d'une telle intervention de la communauté internationale, il faudrait une initiative américaine ou celle d'un autre membre permanent du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies.

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Dorval, Amilie. « COMPRENDRE L’EXPÉRIENCE DE LA PARENTALITÉ EN CONTEXTE DU PLACEMENT PERMANENT DE SON ENFANT AUPRÈS D’UN MEMBRE DE LA FAMILLE ÉLARGIE : APERÇU TEMPOREL ». Canadian Social Work Review 39, n^o 2 (2022) : 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1096805ar.

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Pinilla, Solange. « Russell Banks. Un membre permanent de la famille. Traduit de l’anglais (États-Unis) par Pierre Furlan. Actes Sud, 2015, 239 pages, 22 € ». Études mai, n^o 5 (10 avril 2015) : V. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4216.0121e.

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de L’Hotellerie-Fallois, Domingo J. Jiménez-Valladolid. « The Permanent Establishment : Still a (Permanent) Requirement ? » EC Tax Review 23, Issue 1 (1 février 2014) : 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2014002.

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This article examines the relevance of the 'remaining permanent establishment' requirement under the Merger Directive in the light of the recent jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union on corporate exit taxes. This requirement is a mechanism meant to ensure that Member States will be able to effectively exercise their taxing rights. However, the decisions of the Court of Justice in this field may have an impact on how the common tax system envisaged in the Merger Directive functions, obliging Member States to extend deferral to situations where the requirements envisaged in the Directive are not fulfilled.

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Bambo, Tome Fernando. « Moçambique no CSNU ». Carta Internacional 18, n^o 1 (16 avril 2023) : e1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.21530/ci.v18n1.2023.1298.

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A presente pesquisa analisa as razões que impulsionaram Moçambique a ingressar-se no CSNU na qualidade de membro não-permanente. A pergunta que norteou o estudo é: porque só hoje, Moçambique ambicionaria ingressar no CSNU como membro não-permanente? Com recurso ao método qualitativo e exploratório e aos pressupostos paradigmáticos da teoria construtivista, concluiu-se que o país procura no CSNU contribuir na manutenção da paz e segurança internacionais, promover a sua imagem no cenário mundial, angariar simpatia junto dos cinco países com assentos permanentes no órgão e obter ajuda económica, politico — militar no combate ao terrorismo e na proteção das suas fronteiras nacionais.

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Brock, Gerald B. « Formation permanente, l’AUC et ses membres ». Canadian Urological Association Journal 11, n^o 10 (12 octobre 2017) : 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.4938.

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Sherman, Craig W., David Gernes, Warren Clay, Victor Poirier et William F. Bernhard. « A Permanent Implantable Electric Blood Pump ». IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 5, n^o 1 (mars 1986) : 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memb.1986.5006252.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Membre permanent"

Bosco, Carmelo. « Effets du port permanent d'une surcharge sur les caractéristiques morphologiques fonctionnelles des muscles extenseurs des membres inférieurs ». Saint-Etienne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STET005T.

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Tokarskiy, Eduard. « La Russie au Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies 1991-2017 ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL055.

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Après la fin de la guerre froide, la situation sur la scène géopolitique mondiale a beaucoup changé. L'URSS est sortie de l'histoire. L'ONU et son Conseil de sécurité en absence de la confrontation des blocs ont commencé à fonctionner efficacement. Cependant pour la Russie, en tant que continuateur de l'URSS, la chute de l’empire s’est avérée difficile. Le pays a perdu une grande partie de son influence, mais a réussi à conserver le siège de membre permanent du Conseil de sécurité. Ce siège a permis à la Russie de compenser sa faiblesse relative et d'influencer les processus mondiaux afin de former un ordre mondial stable et réaliser ses intérêts nationaux par le biais de la plus large coopération multilatérale. Cette recherche traite la question de la politique russe au Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU dans la période d’après-guerre froide et jusqu’à la seconde moitié des années 2010. L’enjeu est de comprendre l’approche russe au fonctionnement du Conseil de sécurité, montrer et expliquer sa transformation, ainsi que d’évaluer des changements de la politique étrangère russe dans la période concernée. En s’appuyant sur les Archives de l’ONU, les témoignages des diplomates et experts, la littérature historique et scientifique russe et occidentale, nous étudions dans cette thèse l’évolution de la politique russe dans l’un des principaux organes multilatéraux du monde ainsi que les changements pertinents sur la scène internationale entre 1991 et 2017
After the end of the Cold War, the situation at the global geopolitical arena has changed dramatically. The USSR has gone down in history. The UN and its Security Council began to function effectively in the absence of confrontation between the blocs. However, for Russia, as the continuer of the USSR, the fall of the empire turned out to be difficult. The country lost most of its influence but managed to retain a permanent seat in the Security Council. This seat allowed Russia to compensate for its relative weakness and influence global processes to form a stable world order and realize its national interests through the broadest multilateral cooperation. This study is devoted to the question of Russian policy in the UN Security Council in the period after the end of the Cold War and up to the second half of the 2010s. The task is to understand the Russian approach to the functioning of the Security Council, to show and explain its transformation, as well as to assess changes in Russia's foreign policy over the relevant period. Based on the UN archives, the testimonies of diplomats and experts, Russian and Western historical and scientific literature, we study in this dissertation the evolution of Russian politics in one of the main multilateral bodies of the world, as well as the relevant changes at the international scene between 1991 and 2017

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Kottenstette, Nicholas E. (Nicholas Eugene). « Designing mechanisms with shape memory alloys and permanent magnets ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43923.

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Canzonieri, Massimiliano. « Dati digitali effimeri e permanenti ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3904/.

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Ferraro, Mathew C. « The Missing Saxophone : Why the Saxophone Is Not a Permanent Member of the Orchestra ». Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1341342139.

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Li, Fuhua, et 李富华. « Design, analysis, control and application of permanent magnet brushless dual-memory machines ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208621.

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Conventional PM machines have fixed PM excitation and can only perform flux-weakening by controlling the d-axis current. This current incurs the power dissipation and reduces the efficiency during flux-weakening operations. Memory machines change this situation by introducing the memory function, namely magnetizing or reversely magnetizing Al-Ni-Co PMs to change the air-gap flux density. This provides another new way to realizing flux-weakening. And the elimination of the flux-weakening d-axis current improves the overall efficiency. But the single-memory machines have lower power density due to the low-energy Al-Ni-Co PMs. By incorporating the memory concept and with the intention of improving the power density, the DC-excited PMBL dual-memory machines have been proposed and implemented, based on two kinds of PMs which are high-coercivity Nd-Fe-B PMs and low-coercivity Al-Ni-Co PMs. The Nd-Fe-B PMs provide a strong magnetic field to excite high air-gap flux density; while the Al-Ni-Co PMs can be forward magnetized to strengthen the magnetic field produced by Nd-Fe-B PMs or can be reversely magnetized to cancel that field. Consequently the air-gap flux density can be controlled within a wide range. A series of design principles on such kind of dual-memory machine are devised for guidance. The key design principles involve how to determine the number of salient poles on the stator and rotor, how to choose the surface areas and thicknesses of the two kind of PM pieces and how to size the rotor dimension. Generally, increase on the proportion of Nd-Fe-B PMs will raise the base field and the load capacity. On the other hand, increment on the proportion of Al-Ni-Co PMs will extend the controllable flux range. Analysis is also carried out on the equivalent magnetic circuit to formulate the magnetizing force exerted on Al-Ni-Co PMs. The machine model is analyzed by using time-stepping FEM (TS-FEM) and co-simulation of FEM software and Matlab Simulink. The dynamic reverse magnetizing processes are simulated and presented in details under different magnetizing current. In addition the effect of adding iron bridges between the two kinds PMs is also evaluated by simulations. Furthermore, the control methods are evaluate by simulations and experiments. The direct torque control (DTC) scheme is adapted to this doubly-salient dual-memory machine and a torque estimator is proposed to facilitate the DTC method. Both of the simulation results and the experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed design principles and the effectiveness of the control methods. Eventually, this dual-memory machine is proposed as a pole-changing wind power generator and a pole-changing EV machine. Simulation and experimental results have verified the validity of the pole-changing scheme and the pole-protection scheme.
published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Hall, Joanne Elizabeth. « Combined pultrude fibre reinforced plastic reinforcement and permanent formwork for concrete members ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365306.

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Silva, Maria Catarina Coutinho Varela da. « Effect of surfactant on PDLC films with and without permanent memory effect ». Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10833.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica
The main goal of this work is to optimize the performance of the PDLC films with the introduction of an additive, in this case the triton X100. The polymer matrix of the PDLC is based on monomers, such as Tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate with molecular weight of 875 which were thermal polymerized using α,α-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. Different aspects were investigated, such as the study of the dynamics of the transition ON/OFF state using a high-frequency alternate voltage and the attempt to minimize the liquid crystal anchorage force to the polymer matrix observed. The polymer morphology and the composites synthesized were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The PDLC films were also analyzed resorting to additional studies of differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy . Finally, the kinetic behavior of the PDLC films was studied. This part of the work was done with the goal to understand what was the impact of the increase amount of TX100 on the orientation and disorientation time of the LC molecules. Additionally, a fitting model was developed in order to describe the orientation and disorientation kinetic of the system. It was verified that the increase amount of TX100 modifies the initial anchorage force of the LC molecules to the polymeric matrix, decreasing it. This reflects on the increase of the permanent memory effect and decrease of the E90 of the PDLC films, verified also with the decrease of the average elastic constant, K, of the PDLC film. On this work, the best value for the permanent memory effect was 96% with an E90 of 2V/μm. However, this work also demonstrates that the kinetic of the system is independent of the amount of TX100, which means that the LC molecules orientate and disorientate at practically the same time with or without additive.

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Rukambe, Kujee. « United Nations Security Council and the veto power of the permanent members ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65718.

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LINA, PASCAL. « Arteriopathie des membres inferieurs : interet pronostique de la tc po2 au stade d'ischemie permanente chronique ; a propos de 83 cas ». Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMM011.

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Livres sur le sujet "Membre permanent"

Pierre, Furlan, dir. Un membre permanent de la famille. Arles : Actes Sud, 2015.

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De Lattre, la campagne d'Allemagne 1945, ou, Comment la France a gagné son siège de membre permanent du Conseil de sécurité. Panazol : Lavauzelle, 2012.

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Russell, Banks. A permanent member of the family. Toronto : Alfred A. Knopf Canada, 2013.

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Permanent Court of Arbitration. Conference of the Members. Permanent Court of Arbitration : First Conference of the Members of the court, Peace Palace, The Hague, 10 and 11 September 1993 = Cour permanente d'arbitrage : première conférence des membres de la cour, les 10 et 11 septembre 1993. The Hague : International Bureau, 1993.

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Garcia, Eugênio Vargas. O sexto membro permanente : O Brasil e a criação da ONU. Rio de Janeiro, RJ : Contraponto, 2012.

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Chapman, Tracy. The impact of sabbatical officers and permanent staff members on UDSU's decision making processes. [Derby : University of Derby], 1999.

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Arbitration, Permanent Court of, dir. Permanent Court of Arbitration First Conference of the Members of the Court, Peace Palace, The Hague, 10 and 11September 1993 = : Cour permanente d'arbitrage Première conférence des membres de la Cour, Palais de la Paix, La Haye, les 10 et 11 septembre 1993. The Hague : International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, 1993.

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Commission européenne. Direction générale éducation, formation et jeunesse. Formation continue en entreprise : Faits et chiffres : rapport sur les résultats de l'enquête sur la formation professionnelle continue en entreprise dans les États membres de l'Union européenne en 1994. Luxembourg : Office des publications officielles des Communautés européennes, 1999.

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Gryaznova, Alla, Sergey Arakelyan, Dmitriy Artemenko, Valentina Bondarenko, Aleksandr Buzgalin, Rafkat Gaysin, Lyubov' Goncharenko et al. Images of a new reality : trends and prospects of historical development. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2030900.

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The modern world in new realities finds itself at the crossroads of the historical process. Post-industrialism with its inherent neo-capitalist content has already come into its own. There are permanent conflicts between the spontaneous attraction to the archaic nature of existence, the phenomena of degradation and derationalization of the system as a whole and the reviving theories of the development of society and man. The time for conceptual searches is already in the past. The time has come for the unconditional implementation of economic development strategies. The monograph is dedicated to the memory of the Russian scientist-economist, Doctor of Economics, Professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Dmitry Evgenievich Sorokin. It is recommended to students, postgraduates, researchers, teachers and anyone interested in current problems of modern economics.

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Catela, Ludmila da Silva. La memoria : Testimonio colectivo, creación permanente : Carlos Alonso, Susana Beibe, Remo Bianchedi ... Buenos Aires, Argentina] : Secretaría de Cultura, Presidencía de la Nación, 2006.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Membre permanent"

Khalique, Muhammad Abdul. « Analyses of the European Union and its member states’ proposals on reforming the ISDS system under the UNCITRAL working group III ». Dans Green and Digital Transitions, 80–96. Szeged, Hungary : Szegedi Tudományegyetem, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/gtk.gdtgiss.2024.5.

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The European Union and its member states back the formation of a permanent investment tribunal and a Committee of the Parties that would handle different tasks, including the selection of adjudicators. According to the European Union and its member states, the members of the investment tribunal should work on a full-time basis, and the selection criteria should prioritize the most qualified and unbiased individuals, regardless of their nationality. To expand the pool of potential adjudicators and promote diversity, they suggest adopting the entire language of Article 2 of the ICJ Statute for the qualifications requirements. The European Union and its member states do not support the idea of tribunal members being appointed by States that do not recognize the tribunal's authority.This paper delves into the European Union and its member States' positions on certain fundamental issues related to ISDS reform, along with a comprehensive analysis of varying positions held by other stakeholders, including some members of UNCITRAL working group III who share similar viewpoints with the European Union and its member states on some matters and have differing opinions on others.

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Duru-Bellat, Marie. « France : Permanence and Change ». Dans Education Policy Reform Trends in G20 Members, 19–32. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38931-3_2.

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Schade, Daniel. « Inter-State Diplomacy Within the OSCE Permanent Council ». Dans Securitization and Democracy in Eurasia, 3–17. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16659-4_1.

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AbstractThis chapter considers the work of the OSCE Permanent Council as the OSCE’s central body for decision-making and diplomatic interaction. It is particularly interested in the types of alliance behaviour present and how this affects the OSCE’s ability to perform its duties successfully. The chapter highlights the prevalence of collective activity by the EU’s member states and numerous regular partners, and the near absence of organized collective activity by other groups of states. It then discusses how these existing cooperation patterns hamper the OSCE’s ability to successfully mediate conflicts such as that between Russia and Ukraine.

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« The Permanent Store ». Dans Memory, 48–75. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315637358-11.

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de M’Uzan, Michel Émile. « Interpretation and memory (1993) 1 ». Dans Permanent Disquiet, 80–93. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429201950-10.

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« On Mayakovsky. In Memory of the Poet (1930) ». Dans Permanent Evolution, 293. Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781644690635-018.

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RAMBLADO-MINERO, M. CINTA. « Imprisonment Is a Permanent Scar : ». Dans Excavating Memory, 153–71. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr3jv.14.

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Ramblado-Minero, M. Cinta. « Imprisonment Is a Permanent Scar ». Dans Excavating Memory, 153–71. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813061603.003.0008.

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Nic Shuibhne, Niamh. « Union Citizenship and the Host State ». Dans EU Citizenship Law, 441–70. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795315.003.0008.

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Abstract Chapter 8 addresses the right of permanent residence in a host State. Recital 17 of Directive 2004/38 expresses the purpose and objectives of permanent residence: ‘[e]njoyment of permanent residence by Union citizens who have chosen to settle long term in the host Member State would strengthen the feeling of Union citizenship and is a key element in promoting social cohesion’. Articles 16 and 17 of the Directive outline the main features of permanent residence . It is achieved, according to recital 17, by ‘all Union citizens and their family members who have resided in the host Member State in compliance with the conditions laid down in this Directive during a continuous period of five years without becoming subject to an expulsion measure’. Recital 18 confirms that ‘the right of permanent residence, once obtained, should not be subject to any conditions’ so that the status might constitute ‘a genuine vehicle for integration into the society of the host Member State in which the Union citizen resides’. Acquiring permanent residence rights therefore renders the right to reside unconditional into the future, preservable over extended absences and entailing only limited administrative formalities. Additionally, permanent residence rights generate enhanced protection against expulsion from the host State. Nevertheless, while permanent residence was conceived to progress the rights attached to Union citizenship, related case law has also contributed to the seeding of limits, especially through the significance of integration in the host State that the permanent residence narrative progresses.

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Amerasinghe, C. F. « Termination of Appointments for Unsatisfactory Service ». Dans The Law of the International Civil Service, 17–47. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198258803.003.0002.

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Abstract The termination of an appointment, particularly a permanent, regular, or indefinite appointment, in an international organization, for unsatisfactory service, can be a matter of serious concern to the staff member affected, as it means that a hoped-for career is brought to an end and in some cases, because of the reasons underlying the termination, the staff member may find it difficult to find alternative employment. On the other hand, the international organization by which such a staff member has been employed would certainly like to have the unfettered power to terminate a staff member’s appointment for unsatisfactory service in the interest of the efficient working of the organization. Considering the serious implications of a termination of employment of a permanent nature in an international organization, it is surprising that the total number of cases brought by affected staff members before international administrative tribunals in which staff members of international organizations have complained of unlawful termination of their permanent, regular, or indefinite appointments on the grounds of unsatisfactory service is small. There have also been only a few cases brought before tribunals where other kinds of appointments have been terminated.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Membre permanent"

Tatár, Mária Magdolna. « Bortz and Membrok, etymology of two Cuman names from the 13th century ». Dans 60th Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference (PIAC). Szeged : University of Szeged, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2018.52.107-115.

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Lofthaug, Kristoffer, Lars Brubak, Åge Bøe et Eivind Steen. « Investigation of Ultimate Limit State Safety Margins in the Structural Design Rules ». Dans ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62309.

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A study to document the Ultimate Limit State (ULS) safety margins built into the DNV GL rules for Bulk and Tanker is presented. Critical structural members were identified together with the load level at which these members start to develop permanent buckling sets exceeding normal fabrication tolerances. These critical load levels are then compared with the local ULS rule strength limits in order to have a measure for the structural safety margins and hull redundancy. Non-linear finite element (NFLE) analyses were performed to estimate the structural response for different focus areas (critical structural members). Typically, critical members in bottom, deck, transverse bulkhead and hopper were chosen. Cargo hold models were developed both with linear finite elements, [1,2] and non-linear finite elements, [3]. In the non-linear FE analysis, the structural safety factor for ULS was defined as the load level giving permanent plastic deformation equal to the permissible distortion (production tolerances) for structural members. The non-linear FE results were compared with the maximum permissible load level with respect to buckling and yielding according to DNV GL Ship rules [1] inclusive Common Structural Rules for BC&OT (CSR) [4]. The structural safety factor shows a typical value of 1.2–1.4, and for most cases the plate is governing dimensioning structural member. This study has identified significant structural safety margins, typically 20–40% above rule acceptance level for typical highly utilized local areas in Bulk and Tanker hulls. It is to be noted that global Hull Girder Capacity is not addressed in present paper.

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Smithey, D. T., W. C. Babcock et James Millerd. « Holographic Data Storage using Thick Bacteriorhodopsin Recording Materials ». Dans Symposium on Optical Memory. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/isom.1996.opd.4.

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Current holographic data-storage (HDS) technologies have not been commercially developed due in part to the lack of an optical-recording material with appropriate characteristics. The ideal optical-recording material would have high resolution, high sensitivity (for both recording and erasure), high photochemical and thermal stability, optical erasability, permanent storage capability, and read-without-erasure capability (Sincerbox, 1995).

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Andreou, Eleni, Εfstathios Rallis, Εleni Sfyri, Νiki Tertipi, Foteini Biskanaki et Vasiliki Kefala. « Permanent Make Up-PMU Colorants and Regulations ». Dans 1st Conference of the Hellenic Scientific Society of Aesthetics. PHARMAKON-Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61873/edsr6763.

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Decorative tattoos is a popular way of expression in young people. Permanent Make Up (PMU), is gaining ground every day for facial characteristics correction. Colorants used for PMU applications dot not always follow the regula- tions of the European legislation and may contain harmful ingredients for the health. European countries are trying to create a common regulation followed by each country member to protect public health.

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Piotrovsky, Dmitry D. « THE RHYME AND THE FORMULA IN POPULAR FAROESE POETRY ». Dans 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.26.

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The main means which organizes the verse in popular Faroese poetry is end rhyme. In four-line stanzas the rhyme connects the second and the fourth lines, in two-line ones both present lines. The Faroese rhyme is not strict. It is enough only to repeat the stressed vowel, the consonant following after might vary. The part of the word which follows the stressed vowel may undergo significant changes. The masculine ending sometimes rhymes with the feminine one. Even the stressed vowel might vary to some extent. The Faroese rhyme is often trivial. The ballads on the Faroese Isles were oral. So, some special formula technique was applied for their transition. The means of the formula technique are formulas and repetitions. The formulas are metrically conditioned reproducible word groups having the length of one line, meanwhile the repetitions are metrically non-conditioned sequences of different length. The formulas and repetitions, as well as they perform the same function of the building material for the oral poetic text, also possess the same structure. They both are composed from permanent end variable parts. In repetitions their entwinement takes different forms. They may follow one another, usually first comes the permanent part then the variable one. The permanent part sometimes occupies the second half of one stanza and then the first half of the following stanza. The permanent end variable parts might cross one another. In this case the permanent part occupies unpair lines and the variable part occupies pair ones. The distribution of these parts of both formulas and repetitions is tied to the rhyming places of the verse. The rhyming word is usually located in the variable part but sometimes it is found in the permanent part. This one more time proves that there is no impenetrable boundary between formulas and repetitions. Refs 8.

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Chatterjee, Prabir Kumar, et Jinesh Shah. « Cost Effective Fixed Offshore Platform in Shallow Water without Jacket ». Dans Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31841-ms.

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Abstract This paper proposes an alternative design of small wellhead platforms in shallow water that require permanent manning due to operational requirements. The proposed structure is a combination of two monopods of moderate diameter (54″) connected rigidly by structural members. Multiple wells can be drilled through one of the two piles by using conductor sharing wellhead technology. The inadequate structural stability of the twin-pile platform without a jacket against environmental loads will be ensured by a few tie members connected to seabed with help of specially-designed small concrete foundations. Tie members will be bolted to the pile and the foundation. Each tie member will be lifted offshore together with the concrete foundation for quick installation and correct positioning of the foundation on the seabed. The pre-fabricated deck will be welded to the top of the pile. Numerical studies include structural design of a platform at 20m water depth for omnidirectional waves of 10.5m height as per API RP 2A working stress design method. Analytical method is provided to simulate interaction of concrete foundations with soil that can be easily implemented in structural analysis. The results indicate that the proposed structure has considerable reserve strength against failure due to extreme environmental loads and impact from medium sized boats.

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Chin, J., D. Shut, N. Wang et P. Wu. « A Recent Case Study of Portal Cavern Design ». Dans The HKIE Geotechnical Division 43rd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.159.11.

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A new dual-two lanes tunnel of about 3.8 kilometers long was constructed in Kowloon East in Hong Kong recently. It forms part of a major strategic road network to provide an express connectivity and improve the traffic condition between Kowloon East and Kowloon West. Two portal caverns, which are at the east end of the tunnels, are the first and largest of its kind with slender pillar constructed in highly fractured volcanic rock. A competent and optimised temporary cavern support design was required with the consideration of the pillar stability and construction logistics prior to the permanent support in place. A number of design reviews were carried out to suit the highly constrained construction sequence as the excavation works of the rock-cut slopes and the caverns were carried out concurrently. Some challenges that the project team had to deal with were installation of waterproof membrane and cast-in-situ reinforced concrete (RC) permanent lining for the crown that requires propping of steel shutter. Such challenges call for a cost saving design (CSD) with the use of sprayed waterproofing membrane and fibre reinforced sprayed concrete (FRSC) lining as the permanent support system for the portal caverns. This paper discusses the optimisation of the temporary support design, the CSD for the permanent cavern support faced by the construction works, and the design methodology of both the temporary and permanent cavern support with the details of the application of the sprayed waterproofing membrane.

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Misu, Daisuke, Masanori Arata, Norio Takahashi, Yutaka Hashiba, Tadashi Tokumasu et Motoyasu Mochizuki. « Variable Magnetomotive Force Memory Motor for Electric Vehicles ». Dans 1st International Electric Vehicle Technology Conference. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan : Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-39-7257.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Reduction of the energy consumption of electric vehicles (EV) and electrical appliances is one of the solutions for reduction of CO₂ emission. Then, we have developed a novel permanent magnet motor for energy saving. In this paper, we propose a novel motor that can change the magnetic flux by a new method to magnetize permanent magnets and we clarify the principle and unique characteristics. Furthermore, the results of analysis and experiments prove that the novel motor can change the flux of permanent magnets on-load and supports the realization of a variable speed drive with high performance and high efficiency.</div></div>

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Chen, G., C. Wright, C. Nelson, G. Stuart et P. Wang. « An Updated Geomechanical Model for an Innovation Test Well Drilled at a Drilling Test Facility in Grimes County, Texas ». Dans 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0063.

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ABSTRACT A previously developed geomechanical model for a drilling test site was updated for a new, innovation test well drilled on the same site. New offset loss circulation data were evaluated and updated for the minimum horizontal stress profile. Critical mud weight window considering different well orientations and the temperature effect are presented. It was demonstrated that critical bottom-hole pressure data were missed during real-time pulsing but recorded in the PWD (pressure while drilling) tool memory. Multiple loss circulation data during drilling and cementing, real-time and memory ECD (equivalent circulating density) data, updated formation tops and formation geothermal gradient measured from a permanent fiber-optic cable are incorporated into the updated model. 36+ additional vertical/directional/horizontal wells up to ∼11,500 ft (3505.2 m) TVD (true vertical depth) were drilled from four different surface hole locations since publishing the last model. It is demonstrated in this paper that geomechanical study is critical to maintaining wellbore integrity during different stages of the well operations even for non-hydrocarbon-bearing drilling design and executions. INTRODUCTION OF THE TEST RIGS AND THE TEST FACILITY At the time the paper was written, a total of 66+ wells have been drilled from four different surface hole locations on the premise of the drilling test facility since October 2014. The testing facility is located in Navasota in Grimes County, Texas. The testing facility is permanently equipped with an automated Ideal Prime 1 drilling rig (1500 hp) and a 5C mobile completion rig (200 kips or 100 US tons static hook load capacity). The Prime 1 rig consists of an automated Iron Roughneck (ST-100) and 3 permanently installed Robots for pipe handling automation. The first floor Robot (RTX-L1, RTX = Robotic Transfer of Material) handles pipe tailing between the well center and the setback area as well as picking up a single joint from the Pipecat. The second floor Robot (RTX-L2) handles ancillary work which includes two different handling tools. The first tool is to operate the mud bucket to contain drilling fluid coming to the rig floor during pulling out of the hole after the pipe connection is broken down. The second combination tool includes two alternate tools, i.e., a doper tool to apply the thread compound to the pipe connection threads and a stabbing guide to align two joints (or stands) of drill pipe before making up the threads. A single rig crew member can operate the above automated equipment from the driller's cabin using multiple HMIs (human-machine interface).

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John, Endicott L., Franklin K. L. To et Andrew K. W. Seto. « A Review of Conventional and Innovative Permanent Support Systems for Rock Cavern Development in Hong Kong ». Dans The HKIE Geotechnical Division 42nd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.133.44.

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In recent years, the HKSAR government departments have been playing a leading role to study the feasibility of rock cavern development in Hong Kong. These studies include the relocation of existing surface sewage treatment works, service reservoirs, refuse transfer stations, archive centre and laboratory to rock caverns. After completion of the relocation, the previously occupied surface land can be released for other developments beneficial to the communities. Conventional permanent support systems comprise the cast-in-situ concrete lining with sheet waterproofing membrane. These have been applied in most of the highway and railway tunnels in Hong Kong. However, it involves the use of bulky steel shutter, heavy rebar fixing and an extra set of redundant temporary supports, which leads to very expensive and time-consuming construction. With the advance development in construction technologies, permanent rock reinforcements with sprayed waterproofing membrane could be a cost-effective engineering solution. With the integration of temporary and permanent supports, the tight daily drill-and-blast cycle and timely permanent support installation is greatly enhanced. This paper provides a general review of different conventional and innovative permanent support systems for rock cavern development with the purpose of achieving more efficient design and construction. It also discusses the application according to the unique requirements for various cavern facilities.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Membre permanent"

Bair, Sheila C. Improving Access to the U.S. Banking System Among Recent Latin American Immigrants. Inter-American Development Bank, janvier 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006548.

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US banks and credit unions are determined to have Latin American immigrants as important and permanent members of their customer base. Community groups, government, and US business interests are aligning through the remittance market to the benefit of Latin American immigrants and their families.

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Gorman, Clare, Lucy Halton et Kushum Sharma. Advocating for Change in Nepal’s Adult Entertainment Sector. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), juillet 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.010.

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The United Nations Human Rights Council has a powerful role to play in addressing the worst forms of child labour. Accountability mechanisms such as the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) – which work to support Member States to improve their human rights situation – are therefore widely seen as important opportunities to advocate for change. Ahead of Nepal’s third UPR cycle in 2021, the CLARISSA programme met with eight UN Permanent Missions to present recommendations addressing the exploitation of children within Nepal’s adult entertainment sector. This spotlight story shares the programme’s experience in advocacting within this process. It also highlights their approach of providing decision makers with recommendations to the Government of Nepal that were underpinned by the importance of integrating a participatory, adaptive and child-centred approach.

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Morais, Carla, António Coelho, Alexandre Jacinto et Marta Varzim, dir. The I SEA Project : Digital Publications. Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, octobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2020/978-989-746-279-5.

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The I SEA project aimed at the development of a non-obtrusive, valid and replicable method to evaluate audience attitudes about science communication projects through an immersive virtual reality environment that can improve exhibitions while educating and empowering citizens. To achieve the objectives of this highly complex, highly interdisciplinary, and innovative project, a permanent articulation of the scientific approach with the technical and design development took place, aiming the construction of the non- invasive evaluation method. Because it is an intricate project, it required constant iterations and interactions among the team members. So, we’ve learned somehow to consider limitations as engines for developing the project, instead of seeing them as obstacles.

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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh et Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint : A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.

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Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.

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Ammann, Karah, Eric Dinger et David Lohse. Rocky intertidal monitoring : 2019?2020 results from Redwood National and State Parks. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301673.

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This report presents the results of the monitoring surveys done in 2019 and 2020 of the rocky intertidal community at three sites within the Redwood National and State Parks (RNSP) in Del Norte County, California. These sites are part of MARINe (Multi-Agency Rocky Intertidal Network), a regional intertidal monitoring network sponsored by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), with additional funding and support from local and state governments, universities, and private organizations (see www.marine.ucsc.edu). Funding for annual monitoring in RNSP is provided by the National Park Service (NPS) Klamath Network (KLMN) through a cooperative agreement with the University of California at Santa Cruz (UCSC). Field sampling is accomplished through a collaborative effort between UCSC and RNSP staff. The 2019 and 2020 field crews each consisted of 4 UCSC biologists and three RNSP staff members. This monitoring program, adapted from MARINe protocols, was designed to identify and follow temporal trends in populations of the common and/or ecologically important organisms in the rocky intertidal community at three index sites within the RNSP. To accomplish this, sites are sampled once a year, and data are collected from permanent plots established to monitor changes in sessile invertebrates, algae, and the ochre sea star (Pisaster ochraceus), and from permanent transects to monitor surfgrass (Phyllospadix spp.) and sea palm (Postelsia palmaeformis). These data are utilized to determine annual status of the community and archived for future use to explore broader spatial and temporal trends. All of the monitored populations varied to some degree over the course of 2019?2020. The KLMN rocky intertidal monitoring program (?RNSP rocky intertidal monitoring program? in previous reports; Amman et al. 2022), which started in RNSP in 2004, continues to progress successfully. The procedures for data collection, data management, data analysis, and reporting are regularly assessed and have undergone some revisions based on the evolution of the monitoring program (Ammann and Raimondi 2008; protocol revision in progress [Eric Dinger, National Park Service ecologist, pers. comm., Jan 23, 2023]). As such, this year?s report follows on Amman et al. (2022) which introduced new reporting. Amman et al. (2022) and this report include broader scale biodiversity data collected through Coastal Biodiversity Survey protocol. These biodiversity data are sampled at 2 of the 3 sites every sampling period. This report differs from earlier annual reports in shifting from a full summary report, with in-depth analysis, to an administrative data summary report that does not contain in-depth analyses. Subsequent reports will follow this format. This report also reports on optional MARINe protocol data we collected that are not part of the KLMN rocky intertidal protocol (e.g., mussel sizes and sea palm measurements). Some of these optional data measurements may be discontinued in future years. More comprehensive trend analyses of the data are available in the program?s 5-year trend reports, the first of which included data through 2013 (Ammann et al. 2017) and the consecutive trend paper through 2018 (Lohse et al. in press).

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Börjesson, Patrik, Maria Eggertsen, Lachlan Fetterplace, Ann-Britt Florin, Ronny Fredriksson, Susanna Fredriksson, Patrik Kraufvelin et al. Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters. Sous la direction de Ulf Bergström, Charlotte Berkström et Mattias Sköld. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.10da2mgf51.

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states. In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects. We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats. With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.

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Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names - members 1987. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298234.

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