Thèses sur le sujet « Membrana cellulare »
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Rimoldi, V. « Recettore dell’ossitocina e regolazione della proliferazione cellulare : ruolo della localizzazione in microdomini di membrana ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/46512.
Texte intégralD'Alessandro, Margherita. « Meccanismi di risposta genici di Lactobacillus acidophilus 08 a seguito dell'applicazione di alte pressioni di omogeneizzazione ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16839/.
Texte intégralIbanez, Sébastien. « Caractérisation physicochimique des membranes cellulaires lors de la cancérogénèse : application à la plasticité cellulaire ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6tt4qsz.
Texte intégralThe mammary tissue is inherently heterogeneous and its development as well as homeostasis involve genetic and epigenetic mechanism allowing controlled switches of cell identity during woman’s lifetime. During tumoral context, the mechanisms linked to this cell identity modulation can be disturbed. This facilitates a large epigenetic dynamic and the acquisition of phenotypic plasticity essential for tumour development and progression. Phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of a biological system to adapt and express different phenotypes in response to variations of environmental conditions. In this context, the cells lose their cell identity and undergo profound changes in their metabolism. One of the consequences of these metabolic dysregulation is the remodelling of cell lipid composition during the acquisition of a plastic phenotype. We were able to correlate this lipid remodelling with a change in lipid chains arrangement within cell membranes, a phenomenon known to modify the membrane fluidity. The membrane fluidity is measured by a ratiometric fluorescent probe synthesized for the first time in our team. The first part of this thesis concerned the validation in a biological context of this probe, Dioll, to report its capacity of following the membrane fluidity of cell membranes. The analysis of the physicochemical properties of the fluorescent probe during the labeling of cell membranes has highlighted the advantages of this molecule compared to pre-existing probes (better quantum ratio, better distribution within disordered liquid phase and better discrimination of endomembranes). The second part of this thesis, we used the properties of Dioll to highlight the correlation between membrane fluidity and phenotypic variations at the origin of cell plasticity. Analysis of a set of breast cancer cell lines showed that we could discriminate different cell subtypes. Secondly, we used an isogenic model of modulation of cellular plasticity by inducing a process of loss of epithelial characteristics within initially epithelial immortalized human mammary cells (HMEC). From this model, we were able to observe an increase of membrane fluidity during the acquisition of a more undifferentiated phenotype. Finally, by modulating the hormonal-nutritive environment of the cell, it was possible to create a model allowing the acquisition and stabilization of a much undifferentiated phenotype, hybrid in terms of epithelial and mesenchymal component and multipotent. This so-called “metastable” phenotype makes it possible to redirect these cells into the various luminal or myoepithelial mammary differentiation pathways. We were thus able to correlate the phenotypic variations in this model with biophysical variations associated with greater membrane fluidity, the metastable cells having a very significant disorder at the level of their membrane lipid chains in comparison with their progeny having acquired a luminal cell identity or myoepithelial. All of these results are discussed with a view to using these measurements of membrane fluidity to determine an index of phenotypic plasticity or epigenetic dynamics which would then serve as a diagnostic tool and aid in the implementation of therapeutic strategies more efficient and personalized
Tremblay, André Y. « The role of structural forces in membrane transport : Cellulose membranes ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5886.
Texte intégralLedauphin, Valérie. « Simulation par dynamique moléculaire d'une bicouche lipidique : développement d'une stratégie de calcul des interactions non liées : potentiel tronqué adapté aux systèmes non sphériques ». Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-473.pdf.
Texte intégralLasserre, Rémi [Jacques Alain]. « Etude du rôle des microdomaines lipidiques dans le recrutement à la membrane et l'activation de PKB/Akt ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22076.pdf.
Texte intégralDaste, Frédéric. « Function and regulation of coiled‐coil domains in intracellular membrane fusion ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T001.
Texte intégralThe molecular mechanisms involved in membrane fusion have been extensively studied for the past thirty years. Our current understanding of this phenomenon is mainly based on results obtained by (i) the development of physical models describing the fusion of membranes, (ii) structural and mechanistic investigations on fusion proteins of enveloped viruses and (iii) studies of SNARE protein-mediated intracellular fusion events of eukaryotic cells. Discovery of the SNARE complex was the outcome of interdisciplinary works which involved a wide range of techniques including yeast genetics, electrophysiology, molecular biology, cell-free biochemistry, adhesion/fusion biophysics and imaging. Taking advantage of the paradigms and biophysical techniques that emerged from these studies, we investigated the function and regulation of coiled-coil domains in intracellular fusion processes involving Longin-SNAREs or Mitofusins, two fusion protein machineries whose exact mode of action still remains unclear. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of membrane fusion requires the in vitro reconstitution of fusion proteins into a wide variety of membrane environments with defined and tunable biophysical properties. Ideally, these membrane systems should allow the experimentalists to control the lipid and protein composition as well as the membrane topology, to account for the variability observed across cellular fusing compartments. Reconstitution into liposomes offers amazing flexibility with the capacity to vary most of these relevant parameters, and to create a minimal environment in which membrane and/or soluble factors can be added, one at a time or in combination, to reveal their role with clarity. We have set up the in vitro reconstitution of proteins into various artificial membrane platforms for both systems (the Longin-SNAREs TI-VAMP and Sec22b and the coiled-coil domains of Mitofusins) and performed biochemical assays to gain insight into how these proteins execute their functions. The long-term goal of this project is to compare the molecular mechanisms of SNARE and Mitofusin fusion machineries and thus reveal structural and functional similitudes between (i) their core fusion proteins, and (ii) their regulatory factors
Bories, Florent. « Interaction entre inclusions transmembranaires transmise par la membrane cellulaire ». Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC224.
Texte intégralThe present thesis is a study of interactions between transmembrane proteins inducing a hydrophobic mismatch with an elastic model describing the membranes at the scale of their thickness. I begin by showing that this model generalizes the precedent ones found in litterature by taking in account every possible physical constants. I add also an anchoring term at the edge of the inclusion that can induce a preferential slope. I verify that the results found with this addition is what was found previously with one inclusion in a membrane in two différent cases. Next, I develop a multipolar computation method that allows me to compute the shape of a membrane where several inclusions are presents. I give the general solutions of this model and gives an algorithm in the case where two inclusions are present in an infinite membrane. Then, I give the expected profile and the interaction energies for a typical lipidic bilayer. I compare my results to experiments performed by Constantin with an algorithm using Omstein-Zernike equation and closure relations. The first system "C12E5 + gramicidin", where the membrane is made of surfactant, gives good agreement between the theory and the experiments and allows me to give a first measurement for new physical parameters. The second system "DLPC + gramicidin" does not allow such an agreement between the theory and the experiments but I give a new lead which may give a measurement for this system
Morlot, Sandrine. « Dynamin-Mediated Membrane Fission ». Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077136.
Texte intégralThe eukaryotic cell is organized in several compartments, named organelles, delimited by lipid membranes. The fission of these membranes is required for vesicular traffic between organelles. Endocytosis is the mechanism of vesicular traffic from the plasma membrane towards other organelles inside the cell. Dynamin is a guanosise triphosphatase (GTPase) implicated in vesicle scission during Clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It polymerizes into a helix at the neck of endocytic buds. Upon GTP hydrolysis, conformational changes modify the helical structure : the inner radius decreases from 10 to 5 nm and the helical pitch reduces from 13 to 9 nm. These modifications show that fission proceeds through a constriction mechanism. The dynamics of constriction is investigated by monitoring the rotations of microbeads attached along Dynamin-coated tubes after GTP addition. The deformation of Dynamic helices is highly concerted and damped by the friction between membrane and Dynamin. However constriction is not enough to trigger fission. To further understand fission, Dynamin polymerization and fission are studied on lipid tubes extruded from Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. It is shown that fission occurs at the edge of the helix, where the membrane is strongly curved. A statistical analysis of fission time reveals that the fission reaction can be modeledby a single step energy barrier. The fission time dependence on membrane tension, membrane rigidity and torque is established theoretically and validated experimentally. This work gives a quantitative picture of the energy landscape of Dynamin-mediated fission : the height of the energy barrier of fission is estimated around 70 KBT
Conchonaud, Fabien. « Dynamique de l'organisation de la membrane plasmique et incidence fonctionnelle ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22026.
Texte intégralThe extraordinary coherence of the plasma membrane results from molecular interactions of weak energy between the membrane components. In fact, the molecules organize and segregate according to their respective affinities, creating local heterogeneities within the plasma membrane. Regarding this organisation, fundamental questions are to understand on which spatio-temporal scales these heterogeneities take place and to identify to what extent such dynamic organization contributes to control basic cellular functions. In order to answer these questions, it was necessary in the first time to establish and validate a robust experimental approach making possible the identification and description of the plasma membrane heterogeneities. A systematic use of the FCS performed at variable wait of observation has made possible to establish the fundamental implication of certain classes of lipids in the generation of these heterogeneities. The second focus of this study was primarily devoted to explore the impact of such membrane organization on various fundamental cellular functions. Thus, molecular partitioning has an important effect signal delivery by modulating the intensity of the outcome signal. In other terms, if the molecules preserve their capacity to signal, it clearly appears that this dynamic micro-organization of the membrane controls the amplitude of the signal. In conclusion, our results have allowed us to clarify debated points but also to raise several news questions which will the subject of future studies like the coupling between the two membrane leaflets, the impact of the membrane component exchanges/cytoplasm or membrane recycling on the regulation of cellular functions
Aubert-Mammou, Corinne. « Etude comparative des lipides de graines de quelques crucifères (colza, moutarde, sisymbre) ». Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT010A.
Texte intégralWinck, Caroline Pinho. « Estabelecimento e caracterização de células-tronco fetais de membrana amniótica canina em diferentes estágios gestacionais ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-25092013-103232/.
Texte intégralAmniotic membrane is a membrane translucent with the inner membrane of the amniotic cavity, formed by a monolayer of epithelial cells disposed on a basal membrane. With the growing interest in the use of stem cells from fetal membranes, this becomes a promising source of stem cells. So in a previous study conducted by our group we aim, the establishment of cell culture and characterization of fetal stem cells from amniotic membrane from dog to see if it could be a new source cell to be used in cell therapy protocols, Once the dogs have been considered attractive animal models to evaluate new drugs or performing pre-clinical tests. The cells from amniotic membrane obtained from previous work were characterized in vitro, observing characteristics similar to other mesenchymal stem cells. But when it was analyzed its its carcinogenic potential observed the formation of a fast-growing tumor, approximately one month after inoculation of these cells into immunocompromised nude mice 10, and the tumor identified histologically as embryonal carcinoma. Given this behavior we believe is extremely important to analyze cells from new collections by checking if the same can behave like those previously studied. With this, we aim of this work to establish and characterize the cells from two new collections at different gestational periods to verify whether these cells behave the same as the previous ones is that when inoculated into animals form tumor and thus be able to make sure that these cells are either not good alternatives for cell therapy. The cells obtained in these new collections has characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells expressing some markers, growth curve is similar to mesenchymal stem cells, adhere to plastic and differentiated into adipocytes. Unlike the cells obtained in the previous study these cells did not generate tumors when injected into immunocompromised mice, nude within 60 days after inoculation.
El, Moatassim Billah Chakib. « Actions de l'adénosine 5'-Triphosphate (ATP) extracellulaire sur les lymphocytes murins : implication de récepteurs spécifiques à l'ATP4̄ ». Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20033.
Texte intégralSalvi, Denise Toledo Bonemer De [UNESP]. « Membranas condutoras iônicas de celulose bacteriana ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97887.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esta dissertação apresenta a preparação e caracterização de membranas condutoras iônicas baseadas em celulose produzida pela bactéria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Estas membranas foram preparadas a partir da imersão de membranas de celulose bacteriana (CB) em soluções aquosas de ácidos (ácido acético e ácido trifluoroacético) e/ou plastificantes (trietanolamina e glicerol). Estrutura e perfil térmico destas membranas condutoras foram investigados por difração de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), termogravimetria (TG), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e espectroscopia de espalhamento Raman. As propriedades elétricas foram avaliadas utilizando-se espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE). As análises de DRX mostram o aumento de plastificante diminui a cristalinidade das amostras, cujo recobrimento das microfibrilas pelo plastificante pode ser visualizado por análise de MEV, e os valores de condutividade iônica obtidos são maiores em comparação aos da CB seca. A condutividade na membrana é dependente do conteúdo de umidade e o plastificante age impedindo a desidratação da membrana. Foi observado também que combinações de ácido e plastificante resultaram em membranas com maiores condutividades do que aquelas em que houve apenas adição do plastificante, uma vez que a adição de ácidos pode aumentar a condutividade protônica
This dissertation presents the preparation and characterization of ionic conducting membranes based on cellulose produced by bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. These membranes have been prepared from bacterial cellulose membranes (BC) soaked in acids (acetic and trifluoroacetic acids) and/or plasticizer (triethanolamine and glycerol) aqueous solutions. The structure and thermal behavior of the conducting membranes were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorymetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Electrical properties were performed utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From XRD analyses the amorphous phase becomes larger after increasing the amount of plasticizer that covers the cellulose microfibrils as revealed by SEM, and the obtained conductivity values were high in comparison to dried BC. The conductivity in the membrane is dependent on the moisture content and the plasticizer acts avoiding complete membrane dryness. It was also observed that the combination of acid and plasticizer resulted in membranes with higher ionic conductivity than plasticized ones, once the addition of acids may improve protonic conductivity
Kreder, Rémy. « Sondes moléculaires multifonctionnelles pour l'imagerie de fluorecence de membranes cellulaires ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ006/document.
Texte intégralBased on rational molecular design, we design new membrane probes that enable fluorescence imaging of cell plasma membrane organization. In this work, we first synthesized a toolkit, based on solvatochromic Nile Red dye and Black Hole Quencher-2, that can stain specifically ordered and disordered lipid domains (rafts) and identify them by the emission color. Cellular studies with these probes suggested that the plasma membrane is composed of two distinct phases. Then,with the idea to make Nile Red-based probes compatible with serum medium and fixable by formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde, we modified previously developed probe NR12S with PEG and aminogroups, respectively. Surprisingly, the PEGylated probe is quickly internalized inside the cell and the amino-derivative aggregates with the fixing agent. On the other hand, based on Nile Red we designed probes capable to detect a given receptor and visualize its lipid environment. Initially, we obtained probes that can turn-on fluorescence on binding to the oxytocin GPCR receptor. Then, we conjugated NR12S through a PEG(12) spacer to the ligand of intergrin, RGD. The first data show that the molecule can bind to the membrane and detect the lipid order, though cellular studies have to be completed. We also worked on fluorogenic (turn-on) membrane probes for multi-color imaging. Based on blue 3-methoxychromone dyes, we obtained probes that are brighter and more photostable than the originally developed probe based on 3-hydroxychromone (F2N12S). Due to large Stocks shift, they enabled cell membrane imaging with minimal auto-fluorescence in the blue spectral region, compatible with common green and red probes. At the end, based on squaraine fluorophore, we developed three new probes operating in the far red region, which is also very interesting for in vitro and in vivo imaging. These dyes show a parallel orientation with the lipid membrane, while the cellular experiments point out that only the probe with two anchor groups is able to stain stably the plasma membrane. The probes developed here are expected to be used for lipid rafts research as well as for super-resolution and multi-color imaging of living cells
Chiaradia, Laura. « Isolement et caractérisation de la mycomembrane des mycobactéries ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30015.
Texte intégralMycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, etiological agents of tuberculosis and leprosy respectively, are composed of a complex and atypical cell wall, which is the focus of numerous studies in the context of the fight against these pathologies. This cell envelope, to which many biological properties have been attributed, is composed of three entities: an outer layer also called capsule in the case of pathogenic species, a cell wall and a plasma membrane. Within the mycobacterial cell wall, the outer membrane, called mycomembrane, is mainly composed of proteins and mycolic acids, very long chain a-branched and ß-hydroxylated fatty acids. These mycolic acids are found in the inner leaflet of the mycomembrane, covalently linked to the arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex (AG-PG), and in the outer leaflet where they are linked to trehaloses. Complex lipids are also known in mycobacteria, and may vary depending on the species, however their exact localization within the cell envelope is not yet clearly known and remains open to debate. In order to better delineate the composition of the two mycobacterial membranes, mycomembrane and plasma membrane, a two-step protocol was developed for cell fractionation of two mycobacterial species, M. aurum and M. smegmatis. Firstly, pellets enriched in mycomembranes (linked to AG-PG) or plasma membranes are obtained by differential ultracentrifugations. Then, these membrane pellets are purified using a sucrose step density gradient. To ensure the absence of cross-contaminations of the membranes, specific markers of each membranes are used. Phospholipids, which are the major components of the plasma membrane, are also found in the mycomembrane with trehalose mycolates. Moreover, this study allowed us to demonstrate that immunogenic lipoglycans, lipoarabinomannans and lipomannans, are found in the two mycobacterial membranes. Once the fractionation successfully achieved, it was possible to initiate proteomic studies in order to identify proteins that are specific of the mycomembrane-AG-PG but also those secreted or present in the soluble fraction, derived from the cytosol and periplasm compartments. Future NMR dynamic studies, to be performed on the native membranes, combined with the proteomic studies will help deciphering the organization of the mycobacterial cell envelope as well as the mechanisms involved in pathogenicity
Schram, Vincent. « Approche par la diffusion translationnelle de la structuration latérale de milieux modèles membranaires ». Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30186.
Texte intégralSalvi, Denise Toledo Bonemer De. « Membranas condutoras iônicas de celulose bacteriana / ». Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97887.
Texte intégralCoorientador: Agnieszka Joanna Pawlicka Maule
Banca: Caio Eduardo de Campos Tambelli
Banca: Rogéria Rocha Gonçalves
Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta a preparação e caracterização de membranas condutoras iônicas baseadas em celulose produzida pela bactéria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Estas membranas foram preparadas a partir da imersão de membranas de celulose bacteriana (CB) em soluções aquosas de ácidos (ácido acético e ácido trifluoroacético) e/ou plastificantes (trietanolamina e glicerol). Estrutura e perfil térmico destas membranas condutoras foram investigados por difração de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), termogravimetria (TG), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e espectroscopia de espalhamento Raman. As propriedades elétricas foram avaliadas utilizando-se espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE). As análises de DRX mostram o aumento de plastificante diminui a cristalinidade das amostras, cujo recobrimento das microfibrilas pelo plastificante pode ser visualizado por análise de MEV, e os valores de condutividade iônica obtidos são maiores em comparação aos da CB seca. A condutividade na membrana é dependente do conteúdo de umidade e o plastificante age impedindo a desidratação da membrana. Foi observado também que combinações de ácido e plastificante resultaram em membranas com maiores condutividades do que aquelas em que houve apenas adição do plastificante, uma vez que a adição de ácidos pode aumentar a condutividade protônica
Abstract: This dissertation presents the preparation and characterization of ionic conducting membranes based on cellulose produced by bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. These membranes have been prepared from bacterial cellulose membranes (BC) soaked in acids (acetic and trifluoroacetic acids) and/or plasticizer (triethanolamine and glycerol) aqueous solutions. The structure and thermal behavior of the conducting membranes were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorymetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Electrical properties were performed utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From XRD analyses the amorphous phase becomes larger after increasing the amount of plasticizer that covers the cellulose microfibrils as revealed by SEM, and the obtained conductivity values were high in comparison to dried BC. The conductivity in the membrane is dependent on the moisture content and the plasticizer acts avoiding complete membrane dryness. It was also observed that the combination of acid and plasticizer resulted in membranes with higher ionic conductivity than plasticized ones, once the addition of acids may improve protonic conductivity
Mestre
Gallaher, Jill Bier Martin. « Ion Traffic Across Cellular Membranes ». [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/2786.
Texte intégralBehe, Philippe. « Stabilité membranaire des cellules perfusées ». Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4172.
Texte intégralVidal, Michel. « Endocytose via des récepteurs spécifiques, mécanisme et dysfonctionnement : application à la vectorisation de liposomes ». Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20021.
Texte intégralJohansson, Ann-Charlotte. « Lysosomal membrane permeabilization : a cellular suicide strategy / ». Linköping : Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11614.
Texte intégralJohansson, Ann-Charlotte. « Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization : A Cellular Suicide Stragegy ». Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Experimentell patologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11614.
Texte intégralIn the last decade, a tremendous gain in knowledge concerning the molecular events of apoptosis signaling and execution has been achieved. The aim of this thesis was to clarify the role of lysosomal membrane permeabilization and lysosomal proteases, cathepsins, in signaling for apoptosis. We identified cathepsin D as an important factor in staurosporine-induced human fibroblast cell death. After release to the cytosol, cathepsin D promoted mitochondrial release of cytochrome c by proteolytic activation of Bid. Cathepsin D-mediated cleavage of Bid generated two fragments with the apparent molecular mass of 15 and 19 kDa. By sequence analysis, three cathepsin D-specific cleavage sites, Phe24, Trp48, and Phe183, were identified. Moreover, we investigated the mechanism by which cathepsins escape the lysosomal compartment, and found that Bax is translocated from the cytosol to lysosomes upon staurosporine treatment. In agreement with these data, recombinant Bax triggered release of cathepsins from isolated rat liver lysosomes. Conceivably, the Bcl-2 family of proteins may govern release of pro-apoptotic factors from both lysosomes and mitochondria. The importance of lysosomal cathepsins in apoptosis signaling was studied also in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells following exposure to the redox-cycling drug naphthazarin or agonistic anti-Fas antibodies. In this experimental system, cathepsins were released to the cytosol, however, inhibition of neither cathepsin D, nor cysteine cathepsin activity suppressed cell death. Interestingly, cysteine cathepsins still appeared to be involved in activation of the caspase cascade. Cathepsins are often overexpressed and secreted by cancer cells, and it has been reported that extracellular cathepsins promote tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we propose that cathepsin B secreted from cancer cells may suppress cancer cell death by shedding of the Fas death receptor. Defects in the regulation of apoptosis contribute to a wide variety of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration and autoimmunity. Increased knowledge of the molecular details of apoptosis could lead to novel, more effective, treatments for these illnesses. This thesis emphasizes the importance of the lysosomal death pathway, which is a promising target for future therapeutic intervention.
Jamasbi, Nooshin. « Detection of the Resonant Vibration of the Cellular Membrane Using Femtosecond Laser Pulses ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331235/.
Texte intégralFranche, Antoine. « Amphiphiles azobenzéniques : potentiel et relations structure-activité pour la lyse cellulaire ». Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2523.
Texte intégralThe emergence of bacterial and fungal strains more and more resistant to disinfection is a threat to the development of nations and human health around the world. Amongst the mechanism of action, we will focus on the interaction between the molecule and the plasmic membrane for the lysis of the microorganism. The first goal of this work is to synthetize amphiphilic molecules to interact with bacterial membrane Azobenzene are interesting because their two phenyl group give them an apolar moiety, the next step is a grafting of a polar head to make them become an amphiphile molecule. Three types of azobenzene were synthetized to evaluate their antibacterial properties and their antifungal properties. The second goal of this work is tounderstand how they interact with the plasmic membranes. To perform this, we tested the azobenzenes on biomimetic models of plasmic membranes. The first group of compounds (AzoOH) with an alcohol group as polar head showed good biological properties but have a poor potential to interact with plasmic membrane. The second group of compounds (AzoPEG) with a triethylene-glycol type polar head have mediocre biological activities, and their ability to interact with the membrane were not enhanced. The third group of compounds (AzoTAI) with a trimethylammonium type polar head showed very good biological activities, and strong interaction with bacterial membrane lipid. These antibacterial activities are correlated to their interaction with bacterial lipids. It also has good abilities to adsorb themselves to hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces. However, their cytotoxic activity on human cells can be a severe drawback with their use
Monteiro, Andreia Sofia de Sousa. « Bacterial cellulose membrane with functional properties / ». Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191269.
Texte intégralResumo: Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de membranas de cellulose bacterianas (BCM), econômicas e ecologicamente amigáveis com propriedades funcionais. Nanopartículas de sílica esféricas com tamanho de partícula de cerca de 51 ± 4 nm, obtidas pelo método sol-gel e nanopartículas de sílica com tamanho de partículas heterogêneo, extraídas da casca de arroz, foram preparadas e funcionalizadas pelas metodologias in situ e post-grafting, respectivamente, com alcoxisilanos com propriedades easy-cleaning e curcuma. Nanocompósito de anatase SiO2@TiO2 preparado pelo método sol-gel, também foi desenvolvido. Posteriormente, estes nanomateriais funcionais e os organosilanos 1,4 – bis(trietoxissilil)benzeno (BTEB), Bis(trietoxisililpropil)disulfeto (BTPD) and 1,2-Bis(trietoxissilil)etano (BTSE), foram imobilizados com sucesso na BCM, segundo as metodologias in situ e post-grafting. Na BCM funcionalizada com os organosilanos BTEB, BTPD e BTSE, nanopartículas de sílica esféricas com estrutura porosa e distribuição de tamanho de partícula heterogêneo, foram formados nas fibras de celulose. A repelência da BCM funcionalizado com nanopartículas de sílica contendo propriedades de limpeza facilmente melhorada notavelmente. BCM apresenta fobicidade à água, tolueno, cicloexano e solução de suor artificial. Especificamente, a BCM funcionalizada com a amostra SiO2@F13TES segundo as metodologias in situ e post-grafting, apresentam uma superfície quase superhidrofóbica (> 150°). As medições de decomp... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work reports the development of economic and environmentally friendly Bacterial Cellulose Membrane (BCM) with functional properties. The spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles with average particle size around 51 ± 4 nm, obtained by sol-gel method and spherical silica nanoparticles with heterogeneous particles size distribution (20-40 nm) obtained through agro-industrial waste were prepared and functionalized by in situ and post-grafting methodology, respectively, with alkoxysilanes with easy-cleaning properties and natural dye obtained through natural extracts, namely curcuma. Anatase TiO2@SiO2 spherical nanocomposites prepared by the sol-gel method, have also been developed. Subsequently, these functional nanomaterials and the organosilanes 1,4 – bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene (BTEB), Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide (BTPD) and 1,2-Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE), were successfully incorporated into BCM, by in situ and post-grafting methodologies. In the BCM functionalized with BTEB, BTPD and BTSE, spherical silica nanoparticles with porous structure and heterogeneous particle size, were formed on the cellulose fibers. The surface repellency of the functionalized BCM with silica nanoparticles containing easy-cleaning properties was remarkably enhanced. This BCM displaying phobicity to water, toluene, cyclohexane and artificial sweat. Specifically, the BCM functionalized by in situ and post-grafting with SiO2@F13TES, displayed a surface almost superhydrophobic (> 150°... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Galtier, Nathalie. « Reconstitution de systèmes de transport ionique des végétaux dans des vésicules et des membranes planes ». Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20252.
Texte intégralMateus, Ana Margarida Abrantes. « Patterned cellular adhesion and membrane dynamics during morphogenesis ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608604.
Texte intégralSunyach-Barraud, Hélène Bronowicki Jean-Pierre. « INFLUENCE DE LA FLUIDITE DES MEMBRANES MONOCYTAIRES SUR LA REPONSE A LA VACCINATION CONTRE L'HEPATITE B CHEZ LES CIRRHOTIQUES ALCOOLIQUES ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2000_SUNYACH_BARRAUD_HELENE.pdf.
Texte intégralLima, Evander Bueno de. « Estabelecimento e caracterização de células-tronco fetais de membrana amniótica de cão ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-20042012-155207/.
Texte intégralThe human amniotic membrane has taken an extremely important role in regenerative medicine in recent years, especially in dermatology and ophthalmology, and its promising use in treating diseases for which current therapy is ineffective. In addition, the amniotic membrane has human mesenchymal stem cells, which exhibit plasticity and have been applied to tissue regeneration. However, very little is known about the plastic capacity and the use of stem cells from amniotic membrane of animals, since the literature in this regard, it is not as broad as those of humans. In this project we established a culture of amniotic stem cells of dog, characterizing these cells in vitro and in vivo. The cells were obtained from a surgical procedure for hysterectomy in pregnant bitches, during castration\'s campaigns of the São Paulo\'s municipality. The cells were characterized in vitro, observing characteristics similar to other mesenchymal stem cells. In spite of their behavior, in vivo we observed the formation of a fast-growing tumor about a month after the inoculation of these cells in 10 immunosuppressed mice, being the tumor identified histologically as an embryonic carcinoma. Considering the biological behavior of forming a tumor in vivo, we infer that stem cells from amniotic membrane of dogs should not be used for application for therapeutic purposes in animals, at least until other collections are carried out so that it can be confirmed or not.
Pedroza, Thiago de Melo. « Aplicação da membrana de biocelulose embebida em ciprofloxacina na ceratoplastia lamelar / ». Araçatuba, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183353.
Texte intégralResumo: Avaliaram-se os sinais clínicos oculares da ceratoplastia lamelar, utilizando-se a membrana de biocelulose (MB) embebida em ciprofloxacina em duas espessuras, no tratamento de úlceras de córneas profundas e/ou perfuradas, em cães e gatos, com ceratite ulcerativa com sequestro de córnea. A celulose possui aplicações importantes na engenharia de tecidos, como a reparação e cicatrização de feridas. Os principais exemplos são as aplicações que incluem engenharia de vasos sanguíneos, tecido neural, osso, cartilagem, fígado e tecido adiposo, reconstrução da uretra e dura-máter, reparação de tecido conjuntivo e defeitos cardíacos congênitos, construção de barreiras protetoras e aplicações oftalmológicas, principalmente construção de contato lentes. Os animais foram divididos igualmente em dois grupos, onde um (G-HE) recebeu a membrana hidratada espessa e outro recebeu (G-HD) hidratada delgada. Previamente ao emprego da MB, as mesmas foram recortadas em discos de 3-4mm e adaptadas ao leito das úlceras, utilizando-se sutura não perfurante total, em pontos simples isolados. Instituiram-se, por terapia pós-operatória, colírios à base de ciprofloxacina, diclofenaco sódico, atropina, lubrificante ocular e colar do tipo elizabetano. As causas das úlceras foram, também, tratadas. Avaliaram-se os sinais clínicos oculares no pós-operatório aos 3, 7, 15, 30 e 60 dias. A MB e os pontos de suturas foram removidos ao trigésimo dia. Sinais clínicos como blefarospasmo, presença de secreção ocular, ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Clinical ocular signs of lamellar keratoplasty were evaluated using a two-thickness ciprofloxacin-embedded biocellulose membrane (MB) in the treatment of deep and / or perforated corneal ulcers in dogs and cats with sequestered ulcerative keratitis. of cornea. Cellulose has important applications in tissue engineering, such as wound repair and healing. Top examples are applications that include blood vessel engineering, neural tissue, bone, cartilage, liver and adipose tissue, urethral and dura mater reconstruction, connective tissue repair and congenital heart defects, protective barrier construction and ophthalmic applications, mainly construction of contact lenses. The animals were divided equally into two groups, where one (G-HE) received the thick hydrated membrane and the other received thin hydrated (G-HD). Prior to the use of MB, they were cut in 3-4mm discs and adapted to the ulcer bed, using total nonperforating suture, in isolated single stitches. Postoperative therapy was followed by eye drops based on ciprofloxacin, diclofenac sodium, atropine, eye lubricant and Elizabethan collar. The causes of ulcers were also treated. Postoperative ocular clinical signs were evaluated at 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. MB and suture stitches were removed on day 30. Clinical signs such as blepharospasm, presence of ocular discharge, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal vascularization were present in both groups until the 15th postoperative day, gradually decreasing over time. No sign... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Tabdanov, Erdem. « Aspects biophysiques de l'adhérence intercellulaire : rôle des cadhérines dans les interactions membrane-cytosquelette ». Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112105.
Texte intégralCytoskeleton cortex is the basic cellular structure, determining cell viscoelastic properties and membrane dynamics. It is involved in every cell-surface associated process. Cadherins are transmembrane adhesion receptors spatially associated with actin cytoskeleton remodelling and promoting cell-cell adhesion and increasing adhesion energy. I used the tether extrusion technique, which consists of a hydrodynamic pulling of membrane tube from the cell surface, to directly measure the membrane-cytoskeleton interaction and adhesion energy. I performed specific or unspecific tether extrusions to compare the effect of E-cadherin-induced modification of cortex-membrane interactions. The results show that membrane tether unspecific extrusion is ruled by two main modes of the flow of membrane components through cytoskeleton related membrane-supporting network : (1) the detachment of the flowing membrane apart the cortex in the proximal zone of the tether’s neck and (2) the viscous permeation of molecules in the flowing membrane at the distal zone. For specific extrusion, the initial stage of tube elongation is extremely resistant to the hydrodynamic force, followed by the regular extrusion resistance, comparable to unspecific case. Together, these data show that E-cadherin engagement largely increases the energy of the plasma membrane-cortex adhesion, but restricted at the cell-bead interface zone. In some cases of specific extrusion, a giant cortical tube is formed corresponding to a cylindrical protrusion of 4-5µm in diameter and 10-20µm in length. It reveals the presence of the membrane-supporting cytoskeleton inside the tube and its contractile activity. This phenomenon allows measuring the cell cortex curvature modulus Kc =2. 4. 10-16J and also displays the strong anchoring of the cortex to the cell surface through E-cadherins. The results show the E-cadherin-promoted cortex reorganization and reveal its restriction to the adhesive zone
Rogers, Laura Ann. « Membranes as a hub for cellular signaling / ». Access full-text from WCMC, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1481668281&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texte intégralMichael, James. « Regulation of Ras signaling and oncogenesis by plasma membrane microdomains ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/377230.
Texte intégralPh.D.
In this study, we assessed the contributions of plasma membrane (PM) microdomain targeting to the functions of H-Ras and R-Ras. These paralogues have identical effector-binding regions, but variant C-terminal targeting domains (tDs) which are responsible for lateral microdomain distribution: activated H-Ras targets to lipid ordered/disordered (Lo/Ld) domain borders, and R-Ras to Lo domains (rafts). We hypothesized that PM distribution regulates Ras effector interactions and downstream signaling. We used tD swap mutants, and assessed effects on signal transduction, cell proliferation, transformation, and tumorigenesis. R-Ras harboring the H-Ras tD (R-Ras-tH) interacted with Raf, and induced Raf and ERK phosphorylation similar to H-Ras. R-Ras-tH stimulated proliferation and transformation in vitro, and these effects were blocked by both MEK and PI3K inhibition. Conversely, the R-Ras tD suppressed H-Ras-mediated Raf activation and ERK phosphorylation, proliferation, and transformation. Thus, Ras access to Raf at the PM is sufficient for MAPK activation and is a principal component of Ras mitogenesis and transformation. Fusion of the R-Ras extended N-terminal domain to H-Ras had no effect on proliferation, but inhibited transformation and tumor progression, indicating that the R-Ras N-terminus also contributes negative regulation to these Ras functions. PI3K activation was tD-independent; however, H-Ras was a stronger activator of PI3K than R-Ras, with either tD. PI3K inhibition nearly ablated transformation by R-Ras-tH, H-Ras, and H-Ras-tR, whereas MEK inhibition had a modest effect on Ras-tH-driven transformation but no effect on H-Ras-tR transformation. R-Ras-tH supported tumor initiation, but not tumor progression. Whereas H-Ras-tR-induced transformation was reduced relative to H-Ras, tumor progression was robust and similar to H-Ras. H-Ras tumor growth was moderately suppressed by MEK inhibition, which had no effect on H-Ras-tR tumor growth. In contrast, PI3K inhibition markedly suppressed tumor growth by H-Ras and H-Ras-tR, indicating that sustained PI3K signaling is a critical pathway for H-Ras-driven tumor progression, independent of microdomains. In the second phase of the study, we investigated the combinatorial use of two drugs currently either in active use as anti-cancer agents (Rapamycin) or in clinical trials (OTX008), as a novel strategy to inhibit H-Ras-driven tumor progression. H-Ras anchored to the plasma membrane shuttles from the lipid ordered (Lo) domain to the lipid ordered/lipid disordered border upon activation, and retention of H-Ras at these sites requires Galectin-1 (Gal-1). We have previously found that genetically-mediated Lo sequestration of H-Ras inhibited MAPK signaling but not PI3K activation. Here we show that inhibition of Gal-1 with OTX008 sequestered H-Ras in the Lo domain, blocked H-Ras-mediated MAPK signaling, and attenuated H-Ras-driven tumor progression in mice. H-Ras-driven tumor growth was also attenuated by treatment with mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin, and this effect was further enhanced in tumors driven by Lo-sequestered H-Ras. These drugs also revealed bidirectional cross-talk in H-Ras pathways. Moreover, dual pathway inhibition with OTX008 and Rapamycin resulted in nearly complete ablation of H-Ras-driven tumor growth. These findings indicate that membrane microdomain sequestration of H-Ras with OTX008, coupled with mTOR inhibition, may support a novel therapeutic approach to treat H-Ras mutant cancers.
Temple University--Theses
Maugis, Benoît. « Migration cellulaire par instabilité corticale et disjonction cytosquelette-membrane ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512834.
Texte intégralJonsson, Rudsander Ulla. « Functional studies of a membrane-anchored cellulase from poplar ». Doctoral thesis, KTH, Träbioteknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4520.
Texte intégralQC 20100802
Maugis, Benoît. « Migration cellulaire par instabilité corticale et disjonction cytosquelette-membrane ». Paris 7, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512834.
Texte intégralActin polymerization provides the force that directly drives cell motility in a large number of situations, but some observations suggest that amoeboid motions might rely on distinct mechanisms. Using the model of Entamoeba histolytica, we previously observed that these cells produce transient protrusions that are necessary for cell motions. Mutations affecting myosin activity and adhesion molecules inhibit the protrusive activity and cell motility (Coudrier et al. , 2005). Following on these observations, we postulated that ameboid motions of Entamoeba histolytica are controlled by a cyclic dynamic instability of the cell cortex: the plasma membrane produces a bleb by unbinding from the cortical cytoskeleton under the action of the internal pressure generated by acto-myosin contraction, and the actin cortex reassembles at the surface of the blebs. The fast initial expansion (faster than actjn polymerization) anc the analogy with apoptotic blebs produced by the proteolytic disruption of cytoskeleton-membrane links, was a strong indication that Entamoeba histolytica moves by projecting initially cytoskeleton-free blebs, which is confirmed by live fluorescence microscopy of stained F-actin. Experimentall) the protrusion formation has been analyzed in details by video-microscopy. Protrusions first expand during a few hundreds of milliseconds with very high velocities (up to a few tens of μm/s). Then, expansion goes on with locally spherical membrane shape and no intracellular vesicles. At a later stage the actin cortex collapses and further expansion appears to be powered by a larger flow with intracellular vesicles. Alternatively, protrusions can retract or get stabilized. The blebbing / stabilization cycle leads to random net cell motions sustained over hours. We present here a physical model that describes the control parameters of the dynamic instability. Using suction pressure of a micropipette, we are able to trigger protrusions, and controled geometry of the experiment gives rise to reproducible protrusive events, pretty well described by theoretical models. Such cortical instabilities may thus represent a distinct to generale cell motility, relevant for pathogen invasion and immune cell motions
Ribeiro, Nigel Nakatani Yoichi Désaubry Laurent. « Synthèse de polycycloprénols et étude biophysique de leurs propriétés membranaires ». Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/757/01/RIBEIRO2006.pdf.
Texte intégralSimon, Mathilde. « Fonction des phosphatidylinositol phosphates dans la compartimentation cellulaire et le développement chez Arabidopsis thaliana ». Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1048.
Texte intégralHow signaling proteins are targeted to specific membrane compartments is a fundamental question in cell and developmental biology. Phosphoinositides, a class of anionic lipids, take center stage in this process. They are minor lipids of the membrane bilayer that provide specific docking sites on membrane compartments and contribute to their identity. As such it has been proposed that there is a “phosphoinositide code” that allows the targeting of lipid binding proteins to specific membrane compartments (Kutateladze 2010). We recently mapped the localization of the different phosphoinositides in Arabidopsis epidermal cell, and found that they do not accumulate to a specific compartment but rather that each phosphoinositide is distributed to several compartments, albeit at different concentration (Simon et al., 2014). These data suggest that, unlike in other eukaryotic cells, the “phosphoinositide code” hypothesis is not sufficient to explain membrane selectivity of lipid binding proteins in plants. Phosphoinositides are negatively charged lipids and we hypothesized that this physical property might also contribute to membrane identity by regulating surface charges. To investigate membrane electrostatic properties at the subcellular level, we designed a set of genetically encoded biosensors able to report membrane surface charges. We found that the plasma membrane (PM) has a specific electrostatic signature that is controlled by the phosphoinositide PI4P. We further show that this PI4P-dependent electrostatic field controls the PM localization and function of several proteins involved in receptor kinase and phytohormone signaling as the auxin or brassinosteroids. Thus, PI(4)P are plasma membrane markers which are essential for the membrane homeostasis and plants development
Tahiri, Fatima. « Identification de nouveaux autoantigènes à la membrane plasmique dans l'hépatite auto-immune de type 1 par l'analyse sérologique du protéome ». Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T001.
Texte intégralWeimar, Jörg Richard. « Cellular automata models for excitable media / ». This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040651/.
Texte intégralElhakmaoui, Ahmed. « Synthèse, étude structurale et passage membranaire de C-nucléosides acycliques en séries imidazo[1,2-a]azines ». Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON13515.
Texte intégralGalizzi, Jean-Pierre. « Propriétés pharmacologiques et structurales du canal calcium lent dépendant du potentiel membranaire du muscle squelettique de mammifere ». Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4021.
Texte intégralAndré, Philippe. « L'interferon exerce-t-il des effets membranaires tardifs et precoces sur des cellules musculaires lisses et squelettiques en culture primaire ? exemple de l'interferon de rat ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13212.
Texte intégralMénorval, Marie-Amélie de. « Etude de la perméabilisation de la membrane plasmique et des membranes des organites cellulaires par des agents chimiques et physiques ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114840/document.
Texte intégralIt is possible to permeabilize the cellular plasma membrane by using chemical agents (as polyethylen glycols or diméthylsulfoxyde) or physical agents (as ulstrasounds or electric pulses). This permeabilization can be reversible or not, meaning that after the permeabilization, the membrane recovers its integrity and its hemi-permeable properties. These techniques can be used for the uptake of medicines or nucleic acids or to generate cellular fusions. A recent approach, the molecular dynamics, uses numerical simulations to predict the effects of permeabilizing agents at the molecular scale, allowed generating of new data to understand the molecular mechanisms that are not completely known yet.The pulses so called “classical” in electropermeabilization, from the range of the ten of milliseconds to the hundred of microseconds and with a field amplitude in the range of 100 kV/m, can only permeabilize the plasma membrane. However, more recently, shorter pulses, so called nanopulses (few nanosecondes) and with an higher field amplitude (in the range of 10 MV/m) have been used and allow to affect also cellular organelles membranes.This thesis is, in a first time, about the permeabilizing effects of a chemical gent (the diméthylsulfoxyde, DMSO) by comparing predictive models from molecular dynamics with experiments in vitro on cells. The numerical model predicts three regimes of action depending on the DMSO concentration. Used at low concentration, there is a plasma membrane deformation. The use of an intermediate concentration lead to membrane pores formation and higher DMSO concentrations resulted in membrane destruction. The experiments done in vitro on cells confirmed these results using the following of permeabilization markers. This study has been compared to permeabilization due to a physical agent (electric pulses).Secondly, it is about the development and the use of a new cell exposure device for nanopulses that permit to apply very high electric fields and to observe induced cellular effects simultaneously by microscopy.To finish, this device has been used with nanopulses to generate calcium peaks in mesenchymal stem cells that are presenting spontaneous calcium oscillations in correlation to their differentiation state.. These induced peaks are due to the release of the calcium stored in organelles and/or to plasma membrane permeabilization leading to a intramembrane calcium flux establishment. It is also possible to use microsecond pulses to generate calcium peaks in these cells. In this case, the calcium peaks are due to the plasma membrane permeabilization . By changing the amplitude of the applied electric fields and the presence or the absence of external calcium, it is possible to manipulate cytosolic calcium concentrations by mobilizing internal or external calcium. One feature of these new tools is to be triggered and stopped instantly without reminiscence, unlike chemical molecules permitting the production of calcium peaks. These tools could therefore lead to a better understanding of the involvement of calcium in mechanisms such as differentiation, migration or fertilization
Valencia, Sara Patrice. « Studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vacuolar Membrane Kinase Env7 ». Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10827602.
Texte intégralThe yeast vacuole is a dynamic organelle that is functionally analogous to the mammalian lysosome and serves as a model for the study of membrane fusion and fission. Mechanisms of membrane fission and fusion dynamics have been well conserved from yeast to humans. However, the regulatory mechanisms that govern cellular fission and fusion dynamics remain poorly understood. Our lab has previously established that Env7 is a conserved yeast palmitoylated protein kinase that localizes to the yeast vacuole and negatively regulates vacuole membrane fusion during budding and hyperosmotic stress. Phosphorylation of Env7 is dependent on another vacuolar membrane kinase, Yck3, and is essential to Env7 stability and negative regulation of vacuolar membrane fusion. In this study, we aim to further our understanding of the role Env7 plays at the vacuole by 1) characterizing the phosphorylation of Env7 as a function of cell cycle using cell cycle arrest and synchronization techniques, and 2) generating functional biochemically tagged Yck3 to be used in interaction and phosphorylation assays with Env7. Cell cycle arrest and synchronization techniques have not previously been established in our lab. Here, we report reliable protocols of inducing cell cycle arrest using α-factor mating pheromone and Hydroxyurea. Results show that Env7 is hyperphosphorylated when cell cycle is arrested at G1 phase using α-factor mating pheromone. In both cell cycle arrest approaches, vacuoles show significant increase in fragmentation, and Env7 remains localized to the membrane of fragmented vacuoles. In cell culture synchronized with α-factor, Env7 shows an increase in phosphorylation between S-phase and G2, with decreased phosphorylation in M and G1. We were successful in engineering biochemically tagged Yck3 and established that the expressed 6XHis-Yck3 is functional and able to restore phosphorylation of Env7 in vivo. We also established that overexpressed 6XHis-Yck3 localized correctly to the vacuolar membrane. These tools will be used in future studies on interactions and regulation of membrane fusion.
Dmitrieff, Serge. « Les membranes cellulaires : identité et transport ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00733626.
Texte intégralCardoso, dos Santos Marcelina. « Etude de l’adhésion de vésicules géantes et de cellules vivantes par nanoscopie de fluorescence ». Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0012/document.
Texte intégralThe aim of my thesis was to characterize the adhesion of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles and living cells. In order to obtain a quantitative information about the state of the adhesion, I developed two fluorescence nanoscopy techniques based on microscopy TIRF (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence). This technique consist of creating an evanescent wave in the vicinity of an interface. I developed the experimental setup, which allows an accurate control of characteristics of the evanescent wave (penetration depth, polarization state, etc.). The vesicles adhesion was studied by nTIRF (normalized TIRF). TIRF images are normalized by epi-fluorescence images. I was able to characterize the nonspecific adhesion (electrostatic interaction) and specific adhesion (biotin-streptavidin interaction) of vesicles on different functionalized surfaces. To quantify the adhesion of cells, I used the VA-TIRF approach (variable angle TIRF). The latter is to record a series of images at different angles of incidence in the evanescent regime. This allowed us to map the distances between the ventral membrane of a cell and the surface for different adhesion behaviors initiated on various substrates: chemical or protein. These two techniques permit to measure the membrane surface-distance with the nanometer precision ≈20nm, which is particularly suitable for the study of the adhesion process
Mendoza, Ramon R. « Characterization of the feline leukemia virus subgroup A cellular receptor / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5076.
Texte intégralMamode, Cassim Adiilah. « Role of the most abundant plant sphingolipids, Glycosyl Inositol Phosphoryl Ceramides GIPCs, in membrane structure and host/pathogen interactions ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0413.
Texte intégralGlycosyl Inositol Phosphoryl Ceramides (GIPCs) are the major sphingolipids of the biosphere. They account for up to 40 mol% of the plasma membranes (PM) of plants and fungi. Since their discovery over 50 years ago, GIPCs remained however almost completely ignored. No data are available on their roles in the structure of biological membranes, on their organization in membrane nanodomains and their interactions with other lipids and proteins. Many questions about plant GIPCs remain unanswered, such as the exact chemical structure of the polar as well as the number sugars grafted; their influence on the thickness of the membrane or on the structure of nanodomains; and also their involvement in host-pathogen interactions in plants. The purpose of this project is to purify and characterize the different classes of plant GIPCs to study their structural roles with phytosterols and phospholipids by biophysical and structural biochemistry methods. This multidisciplinary project will enable the emergence of a new theme and will provide an essential database for understanding the structure of plant PM and among others, their roles in the response against pathogens