Thèses : « MCTz »

1

Ovens, Matthew James. « Further characterisation of substrate, inhibitor and ancillary protein specificity of MCT1, MCT2, MCT4 and MCT6 ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528104.

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The MonoCarboxylate Transporter (MCT) family of transmembrane proteins contain 14 members of which 6 have been functionally characterized. Of these characterised MCTs only MCTs 1-4 have been shown to transport lactate. These MCTs also facilitate the movement of pyruvate and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane (PM) in cotransport with a proton. For trafficking to and function at the PM MCTl, MCT3 and MCT4 require association with the monotopic ancillary glycoprotein basigin whereas MCT2 prefers association with embigin. This thesis has investigated the sensitivity of MCTl, MCT2 and MCT4 to the highly potent and selective MCTI inhibitor, ARC155858, discovered by AstraZeneca. Chimeras of MCTI and MCT4 were constructed and expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes for transport studies to determine their inhibitor sensitivity. These identified a region between transmembrane domains (TMs) 7 and 10 of MCTI with which AR-C155858 binds from the cytoplasmic side. ARC155858 was shown to inhibit MCT2 but sensitivity was found to be dependent on the ancillary protein with which it is associated. Co-expression with embigin decreased the sensitivity of MCT2, but not MCTl, to AR-CI55858. The MCT C-terminus was shown to playa role in the interaction between MCT and ancillary protein which is secondary to interactions between the TM of the ancillary protein and TMs3 and 6 of the MCT. Additional studies were performed to characterise the substrate specificity of the orphan transporter, MCT6. Initial work suggested that products of pyruvate decarboxylation or polymerisation will provide lead compounds in the continuing search for the physiological substrate of MCT6, with formate another potential substrate. During this work it was also discovered that MCTI can catalyse the transport of specific dicarboxylates at low pH.

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2

MONTEMAGNI, CHIARA. « Geochronology and kinematics of crustal scale shear zones in the Himalayan collisional belt ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/269277.

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L’Himalaya è classicamente considerata una catena orogenica strutturalmente cilindrica per l’impressionante continuità laterale, da ovest ad est, delle principali unità lito-tettoniche e zone di taglio, caratteristica peculiare di questa catena collisionale. L’esumazione del cuore metamorfico della catena, il Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS), è favorita dall’attività di due zone di taglio regionali a cinematica opposta: la Main Central Thrust zone (MCTz) a cinematica compressiva e il South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) a cinematica normale, rispettivamente alla base e al tetto del GHS stesso. In questa tesi ho studiato l’evoluzione strutturale e geocronologica del STDS e della MCTz, con particolare focus su quest’ultima, in due transetti nell’Himalaya indiana occidentale: le valli dell’Alaknanda – Dhauli Ganga e la valle del Bhagirathi – Gangotri nella regione del Garhwal. A questo scopo, ho adottato un approccio multidisciplinare che combina studi microstrutturali, chimici e geocronologici e stime di vorticità cinematica. Poiché le miche sono ubiquitarie nelle zone di taglio, il metodo geocronologico 40Ar/39Ar su biotitie e muscovite è stato ampiamente utilizzato in passato e viene utilizzato tutt’oggi per vincolare l’età della deformazione per taglio. Il metodo 40Ar/39Ar step-heating, il più adatto per questo tipo di studi, è un metodo chiave per risolvere complessità petrologiche e chimiche grazie al riconoscimento di età differenti dovute a un differente rilascio dell’Ar caratterizzato da diversi rapporti Cl/K e Ca/K. Ho applicato questo metodo, combinato con una nuova procedura, l’Ar Differential Release Plot (DRP), che permette di identificare chiaramente l’influenza della coesistenza di fillosilicati nel trend di rilascio dell’Ar durante gli step di riscaldamento, permettendo di selezionare gli step ottimali che corrispondono al degassamento delle miche in senso stretto. Questa nuova procedura permette di determinare l’età in modo molto più accurato in rocce polideformate come quelle studiate. I risultati ottenuti con il metodo 40Ar/39Ar supportano la diacronicità della MCTz e del STDS nelle aree studiate, suggerendo che i modelli di esumazione del GHS dovrebbero tener conto della mancanza di contemporaneità tra queste due strutture. Inoltre, è stato sviluppato un nuovo approccio tridimensionale basato sulla X-ray micro Computed Tomography (microCT) e applicato per lo studio della vorticità cinematica usando il metodo dei porfiroclasti stabili. Un esame dei dati di letteratura ha dimostrato che il nostro approccio nello studio di vorticità usando il metodo dei porfiroclasti stabili non era mai stato applicato prima. Questo metodo è stato applicato a rocce provenienti dalla MCTz nella valle del Bhagirathi e i risultati suggeriscono che l’esumazione del GHS sia stata guidata da una variazione di deformazione all’interno della MCTz da un deformazione dominata da taglio semplice a cui è seguita una deformazione dominata da taglio puro, coerentemente con i dati di letteratura lungo la catena. Riassumendo, combinando studi meso e microstrutturali con analisi chimiche e geocronologia 40Ar/39Ar, i risultati della mia tesi indicano che la MCTz e il STDS non sono coevi nei transetti studiati e che la MCTz mostra una variazione di regime deformativo durante la sua evoluzione.
The Himalaya is commonly regarded as a cylindrical belt from west to east due to the impressive lateral continuity of the main litho-tectonic units and faults/shear zones, which is a peculiar feature of this mountain range. The exhumation of the metamorphic core of the belt, the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS), was favored by two regional scale opposite-kinematics ductile to brittle shear zones: the contractional Main Central Thrust zone (MCTz) at the bottom and the normal-sense South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) at the top of the GHS itself. In this thesis, I investigated the structural and geochronological evolution of the STDS and the MCTz, with a particular focus on the latter, in two transects in the Indian Western Himalaya: the Alaknanda – Dhauli Ganga Valleys and the Bhagirathi – Gangotri Valley in the Garhwal region. To this aim, I used a multidisciplinary approach, which combines microstructural, chemical and geochronological studies, as well as a kinematic estimate. As micas are ubiquitous in strongly deformed shear zones, the 40Ar/39Ar geochronological method on biotite and muscovite has commonly been employed to constrain the ages of mylonitization. The 40Ar/39Ar step-heating approach, the most useful for the present study, is a key procedure to unravel petrological and chemical complexities because of the recognition of different ages due to different steps of Ar release characterized by different Cl/K and Ca/K ratios. I applied this method, combined with a new methodological approach first developed in detail during this Ph.D. thesis work, to rocks coming from the bounding shear zones of the GHS. This new procedure, named Ar Differential Release Plot (DRP), that allows to clearly identify the influence of the co-existence of phyllosilicates on the trend of Ar release during the heating steps, allowing to select the optimal steps corresponding to the degassing of micas sensu stricto, which leads to more reliable age determinations in such metamorphic polydeformed rocks. The results of 40Ar/39Ar method support the diachroneity of the MCTz and the STDS in the studied areas, suggesting that the models of exhumation of the GHS should account for their lack of contemporaneity. Moreover, a new three-dimensional approach based on the X-ray micro Computed Tomography (microCT) has been developed and applied for the study of the kinematic vorticity using the stable porphyroclasts method. A close examination of literature data shows that our study approach in the study of kinematic vorticity using the microCT has never been applied before. This method has been applied to MCTz rocks from the Bhagirathi valley and the results suggest that the exhumation of the GHS has been affected by a shift of deformation within the MCTz from simple to pure shear dominated flow, coherent with literature data all along the belt. In summary, combining meso‐ and micro‐structural studies as well as chemical analyses and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, my thesis results points out how MCTz and STDS are not coeval in the studied structural transects and that the MCTz shows a shift in deformation regime during its evolution.

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3

Little, L. Nicole. « Characterization of Basigin and the Interaction Between Embigin and Monocarboxylate Transporter -1, -2, and -4 (MCT1, MCT2, MCT4) in the Mouse Brain ». UNF Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/384.

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Basigin and Embigin are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily that function as cell adhesion molecules. Studies of Basigin null mice revealed reproductive sterility, increased pain sensitivity, and blindness. It is thought that the mechanism causing blindness involves misexpression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in the absence of Basigin. It is known that the transmembrane domain of Basigin interacts with MCT1. In the absence of Basigin, MCT1 does not localize to the plasma membrane of expressing cells and photoreceptor function is disrupted. Studies of the Basigin null mouse brain suggest that MCT1 is properly expressed, which suggests a separate mechanism causes the increased pain sensitivity in these animals, and also that a different protein directs MCT1 to the plasma membrane of expressing cells in mouse brain. Embigin is known to interact with MCT2 in neurons and with MCT1 in erythrocytes. It is not known, however, if Embigin normally interacts with MCT1 in the mouse brain or if Embigin acts to compensate for the lack of Basigin in the Basigin null animals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if Embigin normally interacts with MCT1, 2, or 4 in the mouse brain and if so, whether the interaction is similar to that between Basigin and MCT1. Expression of Basigin, Embigin, MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 in mouse brain was assessed via immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses. In addition, recombinant protein probes corresponding to the Embigin transmembrane domain were generated for ELISA binding assays using endogenous mouse brain MCTs. It was determined that the proteins in question are rather ubiquitously expressed throughout the mouse brain, and that the cell adhesion molecules Basigin and Embigin may be co-expressed in the same cells as the MCT2 and MCT4 transporter proteins. In addition, it was determined that the Embigin transmembrane domain does not interact with the MCTs. The data therefore suggest that MCTs do not require Basigin or Embigin for plasma membrane expression in mouse brain.

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4

Richards, William. « The influence of aging and cardiovascular training status upon monocarboxylate transporters ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133362045.

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5

Feringer, Júnior Walter Heinz [UNESP]. « Expressão dos transportadores de monocarboxilatos de equinos e cães ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153171.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O principal mecanismo de transporte dos íons lactato e H+ em equinos e cães é o complexo transportador formado pelos transportadores de monocarboxilatos, isoformas 1 (MCT1) e 4 (MCT4) juntamente com a proteína auxiliar CD147. Objetivando identificar diferenças entre equinos com desempenho distinto, 16 equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) foram distribuídos em dois grupos, desempenho inferior (DI, n=8) e desempenho superior (DS, n=8) que foram submetidos a teste de salto incrementai (TSI). Realizou-se biópsia do músculo Gluteus medius para tipificação e análise das expressões das isoformas MCT1, MCT4 e CD147. Amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas para avaliar as expressões MCT1 e CD147 das hemácias. Aplicaram-se testes de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk e homogeneidade de Levene. As medidas morfométricas foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey. Teste “t” de Student não pareado para a comparação das médias dos grupos DI e DS. Aplicou-se correlação de Spearman para as expressões dos transportadores. Para todas as análises utilizou-se p≤0,05. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à frequência de cada tipo de fibra e constatou-se maior quantidade das fibras tipo I em relação às fibras IIA e IIX em todos os equinos avaliados. Não houve diferença entre os pesos moleculares e a expressão das proteínas MCT1, MCT4, e CD147 musculares ou sanguíneas. Houve correlações positivas entre MCT1 vs. CD147 e MCT4 vs. CD147 musculares dos grupos DI e DS. As correlações encontradas foram esperadas uma vez que as isoformas estudadas dependem intimamente da proteína auxiliar CD147 para o transporte. Os equinos BH não apresentaram diferenças nas expressões dos MCT1,4 e CD147, musculares ou sanguíneos, mesmo com níveis de condicionamento diferentes. Com o objetivo de investigar as concentrações de lactato plasmático e das hemácias e avaliar as expressões eritrocitáras do complexo transportador MT1/CD147, 6 cães da raça American Pitbull Terrier (APBT) foram submetidos ao teste de esforço incremental (TEI) em esteira. No final de cada incremento de velocidade foi coletado sangue da veia cefálica. Foram mensuradas concentrações de lactato sanguíneo (LS), plasmático (LP), pH e hematócrito (Ht). A concentração do lactato dentro das hemácias (LH) foi estimada e estabeleceu-se a relação LH:LP. As expressões sanguíneas do complexo MCT1/CD147 foram avaliadas por Western Bloting. Aplicou-se análise de variância de uma via seguido pelo teste de Dunn’s. Para pH e Ht aplicou-se teste t de student para amostras pareadas e a correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para MCT1 e CD147, estabeleceu-se nível de significância P≤0,05. LS, LP e LH e pH não apresentaram diferenças entre si, a relação LH:LP foi próxima de 1 com tendência de aumento. MCT1 e CD147 apresentaram 48 e 59 kDa de peso molecular e 1,27 e 1,05 de unidades ópticas arbitrárias (UOA). Não foram encontradas correlações entre MCT1 e CD147. A grande velocidade de transporte do MCT1/CD147 explica a relação LP:LH próxima de 1, esta velocidade e o mecanismo de arquejo podem explicar os valores de pH constantes. A raça APBT, quando submetidos à atividade física apresentaram tendência de aumento da relação LH:LP e expressam de maneira homogênea o complexo MCT1/CD147.
The central transport mechanism of lactate and H+ ions in horses and dogs is the carrier complex formed by the monocarboxylate, isoform 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) associated with the ancillary protein CD147. This study aimed to identify possible differences between horses with different performances levels, 16 horses of the Brazilian Sport Horse breed (BH) were distributed in two groups, inferior performance (IP, n = 8) and superior performance (SP, n = 8). A Gluteus medius muscle biopsy was performed for cellular typing and analysis of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 muscle expressions. By jugular venipuncture, blood samples were collected to evaluate MCT1 and CD147 expressions in the red blood cells (RBC). Normality Shapiro Wilk test and homogeneity of Levene were applied. The morphometric measurements were submitted to the Tukey test, and not paired Student's t-test were applied to compare the mean of the IP and SP groups for all variables and was used Spearman's correlation for isoform expressions, for all analyzes, p≤0.05. There were no differences between the groups regarding the frequency of each type of fiber and a higher number of type I fibers were observed about the IIA and IIX fibers in all groups. There was no difference between molecular weights and expressions of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 in muscle or blood. There were positive correlations between muscles MCT1 vs CD147 and MCT4 vs CD147 in both groups. The relationships found were expected since the MCT1 and 4 depended on the CD147 ancillary protein for correct functioning. The BH horses do not present differences in the muscle or RBC expressions of MCT1, 4 and CD147, even with different conditioning levels. To investigate plasma and erythrocyte lactate concentrations and to evaluate erythrocyte expression of the MT1/CD147 transporter complex, six dogs of the American Pit Bull Terrier breed (APBT) were submitted to a treadmill incremental effort test (IET). At the end of each increment of speed, blood was collected from the cephalic vein. Concentrations of blood (BL) and plasma lactate (PL), pH and hematocrit (Ht) were measured. The concentration of lactate inside the red blood cells (LC) was estimated and the LC: PL ratio was established, the blood expressions of the MCT1/CD147 transporter complex were evaluated by western blot. Data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilks normality test, one-way ANOVA and Dunn's test. For pH and Ht, paired Student's t-test was applied, and Pearson's correlation was used for MCT1 and CD147 analysis, for all analyzes, p≤0.05. BL, PL, LC, pH showed no differences, the LC: PL ratio was close to 1 with an increasing tendency. MCT1 and CD147 presented 48 and 59 kDa of molecular weight and 1.27 and 1.05 of arbitrary optical units (AOU). No correlations were found between MCT1 and CD147. The high transport velocity of the MCT1/CD147 could explain the LC: PL ratio close to 1, this velocity plus the grasping mechanism may explain the constant of pH values. The APBT submitted to intense physical activity showed a tendency to increase the LC: PL ratio, and homogeneously express the MCT1/CD147 complex
FAPESP: 11/11080-0

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Feringer-Junior, Walter Heinz. « Expressão dos transportadores de monocarboxilatos de equinos e cães / ». Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153171.

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Orientador: Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz
Resumo: O principal mecanismo de transporte dos íons lactato e H+ em equinos e cães é o complexo transportador formado pelos transportadores de monocarboxilatos, isoformas 1 (MCT1) e 4 (MCT4) juntamente com a proteína auxiliar CD147. Objetivando identificar diferenças entre equinos com desempenho distinto, 16 equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) foram distribuídos em dois grupos, desempenho inferior (DI, n=8) e desempenho superior (DS, n=8) que foram submetidos a teste de salto incrementai (TSI). Realizou-se biópsia do músculo Gluteus medius para tipificação e análise das expressões das isoformas MCT1, MCT4 e CD147. Amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas para avaliar as expressões MCT1 e CD147 das hemácias. Aplicaram-se testes de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk e homogeneidade de Levene. As medidas morfométricas foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey. Teste “t” de Student não pareado para a comparação das médias dos grupos DI e DS. Aplicou-se correlação de Spearman para as expressões dos transportadores. Para todas as análises utilizou-se p≤0,05. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à frequência de cada tipo de fibra e constatou-se maior quantidade das fibras tipo I em relação às fibras IIA e IIX em todos os equinos avaliados. Não houve diferença entre os pesos moleculares e a expressão das proteínas MCT1, MCT4, e CD147 musculares ou sanguíneas. Houve correlações positivas entre MCT1 vs. CD147 e MCT4 vs. CD147 musculares dos grupos DI e DS. As correlações encontradas foram esperadas ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The central transport mechanism of lactate and H+ ions in horses and dogs is the carrier complex formed by the monocarboxylate, isoform 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) associated with the ancillary protein CD147. This study aimed to identify possible differences between horses with different performances levels, 16 horses of the Brazilian Sport Horse breed (BH) were distributed in two groups, inferior performance (IP, n = 8) and superior performance (SP, n = 8). A Gluteus medius muscle biopsy was performed for cellular typing and analysis of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 muscle expressions. By jugular venipuncture, blood samples were collected to evaluate MCT1 and CD147 expressions in the red blood cells (RBC). Normality Shapiro Wilk test and homogeneity of Levene were applied. The morphometric measurements were submitted to the Tukey test, and not paired Student's t-test were applied to compare the mean of the IP and SP groups for all variables and was used Spearman's correlation for isoform expressions, for all analyzes, p≤0.05. There were no differences between the groups regarding the frequency of each type of fiber and a higher number of type I fibers were observed about the IIA and IIX fibers in all groups. There was no difference between molecular weights and expressions of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 in muscle or blood. There were positive correlations between muscles MCT1 vs CD147 and MCT4 vs CD147 in both groups. The relationships found were expected since the MCT1 and 4 depended on the CD... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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7

Benesch, Franziska. « Regulative Einflüsse auf die Monocarboxylattransporter 1 und 4 im Pansenepithel des Schafes ». Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-211226.

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Einleitung: Monocarboxylattransporter (MCT) 1 & 4 sind in zahlreichen Geweben als Kotransporter für Monocarboxylate und Protonen beschrieben. Auch im Pansenepithel werden MCT benötigt, um kurzkettige Fettsäuren (SCFA) aus dem Pansenlumen in die Pansenepithelzelle aufzunehmen (MCT4) und um SCFA und deren Metabolite aus der Pansenepithelzelle in das Blut auszuschleusen (MCT1). Die transepitheliale Permeation von SCFA über die Pansenwand ist von enormer Bedeutung, da sie die wichtigste Energiequelle der Wiederkäuer darstellen. Die beteiligten Transportprozesse müssen dementsprechend einer Anpassung an variierende Mengen von SCFA unterliegen. Bisherige Studien bei anderen Spezies deuten auf eine Regulation des MCT1 auf mRNA Ebene über den Peroxisom-Proliferator-aktivierten Rezeptor α (PPARα) hin. Ziele der Untersuchung: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war herauszufinden, ob MCT1 in ovinen Pansenepithelzellen über PPARα reguliert wird und ob auch MCT4 dieser Regulation unterliegt. Eine gleichzeitige Regulation beider Transporter läge nahe, da sie gemeinsam an der transepithelialen Permeation beteiligt sind. Die Auswirkungen solch einer Regulation auf die Proteinexpression und die Transportleistung der MCT sollte charakterisiert werden. Ebenfalls war das Potenzial der bei erhöhter Kraftfutterfütterung vermehrt anfallenden SCFA Butyrat auf die MCT1 Expression zu untersuchen. Material & Methoden: Aus dem Vorhof von Schafen wurden Pansenepithelzellen gewonnen und entsprechend einer bereits etablierten Methode kultiviert. Nach einer Subkultivierung wurden die Zellen immunzytochemisch mit Antikörpern gegen MCT1, MCT4 und Na+/K+-ATPase untersucht, um deren Lokalisation in den kultivierten Pansenepithelzellen zu bestimmen. Weiterhin erfolgte eine Behandlung mit WY 14.643, einem spezifischen, synthetischen PPARα Agonisten, sowie mit GW 6471, einem Antagonisten des PPARα. Mittels qPCR wurden die relativen mRNA Mengen von MCT1, MCT4, ACO, CPT1A und CACT bestimmt und auf die Referenzgene GAPDH und Na+/K+-ATPase normalisiert. Die Proteinexpression von MCT1 und MCT4 wurde mittels Western Blot bestimmt. Zur funktionellen Quantifizierung wurde der intrazelluläre pH-Wert der Zellen mittels Spektrofluorometrie gemessen und der laktatabhängige Protonentransport als Vergleichswert zwischen den Behandlungen genutzt. Um den MCT-abhängigen Teil des Transportes zu bestimmen, wurde ein spezifischer MCT1 & 4 Inhibitor, die p-Hydroxymercuribenzensulfonsäure (pHMB) eingesetzt. Die Zellen wurden mit Butyrat über einen Zeitraum von 6 und 48 h induziert. Die Erfassung der MCT1 Expression erfolgte mittels semiquantitativer PCR. Ergebnisse: MCT1 & 4 sind sowohl in der Zellmembran als auch intrazellulär in den Pansenepithelzellen lokalisiert. Die mRNA Expressionsdaten konnten zeigen, dass MCT1 und die PPARα Zielgene durch WY 14.643 hochreguliert werden konnten, wohingegen die MCT4 Expression keine eindeutige Antwort auf die Stimulation zeigt. Die Behandlung mit den Antagonisten zeigt eine Abhängigkeit der MCT1 Expression von PPARα, die MCT4 Expression konnte dagegen nicht beeinflusst werden. Mittels pHMB gelang es, den laktatabhängigen Protonenexport fast vollständig zu blocken. Sowohl laktatabhängiger Protonenexport als auch die Proteinexpression zeigten keine Änderung durch WY 14.643 Stimulation. Die Butyratexposition veränderte die Morphologie der Pansenepithelzellen und schien nicht geeignet für Untersuchungen der mRNA Expression zu sein. Schlussfolgerungen: Es konnte in dieser Arbeit erstmals gezeigt werden, dass MCT1 in Pansenepithelzellen über PPARα reguliert wird, nicht aber MCT4. PPARα scheint demnach einer der entscheidenden Angriffspunkte für die Regulation des SCFA Transportes zu sein, dessen natürliche Liganden im Pansen aber noch nicht bekannt sind. Damit legt diese Arbeit den Grundstein für regulative Studien am intakten Pansenepithel
Introduction: Monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) 1 & 4 are cotransporters of monocarboxylates and protons in a variety of mammalian cell types. In the ruminal epithelium MCT are necessary to transport short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) from the lumen into the ruminal epithelial cell (MCT4) and to discharge SCFA and their metabolites from the cell into the blood (MCT1). Transepithelial permeation of SCFA is of great importance, because they are the main source of energy for ruminants. The regulation of appropriate transport proteins should thus be subject to the adaptation to varying SCFA amounts. Previous studies in other species suggested that gene expression of MCT1 is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor. Aims: The aim of the study was to examine if MCT1 in ruminal epithelial cells is regulated by PPARα and furthermore if MCT4 can be regulated by PPARα, as well. A simultaneous regulation seems likely, because both are acting jointly in the transepithelial transporting of SCFA. The implications of such a regulation on protein expression and transport capacity of MCT should be characterized. The effect of butyrate, a SCFA which increases under concentrate feeding, on MCT1 expression was determined. Materials & Methods: Ruminal epithelial cells of sheep were cultivated according to methods previously established. After subcultivation, immunocytochemistry with antibodies against MCT1, MCT4 and Na+/K+-ATPase was performed to determine their localization in ruminal epithelial cells. For studying the influence of PPARα, WY 14.643, a synthetic and selective ligand of PPARα, and GW 6471, a synthetic antagonist of PPARα, were applied to the culture medium of the cells. After processing the specimens, the relative amount of mRNA of MCT1, MCT4 and the target genes ACO, CPT1A and CACT were analyzed by qPCR and normalized on the reference genes GAPDH and Na+/K+-ATPase. Protein abundance of MCT1 & 4 was measured by using the Western Blot method. Functional quantification was measured by the intracellular pH (pHi) of cells using spectrofluorometry as well as comparing the effect of WY 14.643 treatment on lactate-dependent proton export. To determine the MCT-dependent part of the pHi recovery, p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (pHMB), a specific inhibitor of MCT1 & 4, was applied. Cells were also treated with butyrate for 6 h and 48 h and the mRNA abundance of MCT1 was analyzed by semiquantitative PCR. Results: Both MCT1 and MCT4 were localized in the cell membrane as well as in the cytoplasm of ruminal epithelial cells. By qPCR it could be demonstrated that the mRNA abundance of MCT1 and PPARα target genes in the ruminal epithelial cells was increased by WY 14.643 in comparison to untreated cells, whereas the response of MCT4 did not yield distinct results. Treatment with the PPARα antagonist pointed out, that MCT1 is influenced by PPARα, but not MCT4. Lactate-dependent proton export was blocked almost completely by pHMB. Both lactate-dependent proton export and protein expression were not altered by WY 14.643 treatment. Butyrate exposure changed the morphology of ruminal epithelial cells and seemed unsuitable for the analysis of mRNA expression. Conclusion: For the first time, it could be demonstrated, that MCT1 in ruminal epithelial cells is regulated by PPARα, but not MCT4. PPARα seems to be a vital target in the rumen for SCFA transport regulation, whose natural triggers have yet to be identified. Furthermore, this study provides the basis for regulative studies on intact ruminal epithelium

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Manoharan, Christine. « The molecular basis for the interaction between MCT1 and MCT2 with the ancillary proteins CD147 and GP70 ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417644.

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Hutchinson, Laura. « The role and therapeutic significance of monocarboxylate transporters in prostate cancer ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-and-therapeutic-significance-of-monocarboxylate-transporters-in-prostate-cancer(280f6221-d12b-4ca9-9322-e0ba1f5511f6).html.

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It has been shown that tumour cells are capable of switching to glycolytic metabolism for the production of ATP even in the presence of oxygen, this is known as aerobic glycolysis or the 'Warburg effect'. The glycolytic phenotype has been associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor outcome in several cancer types. This makes the area of cancer metabolism an attractive area for the potential identification of new therapeutic targets. One key component, required for cells to maintain the glycolytic phenotype, is the presence of monocarboxylate transporters that are capable of exporting lactate. These transporters are vital for the maintenance of the intracellular pH of cells under these conditions. This study was centred around the hypothesis that altering expression of MCTs would impact on the metabolism of tumour cells and, therefore, other key characteristics of cells relating to metastatic capabilities and survival following treatment. For the purpose of this work, prostate cancer cell lines were transfected with lentiviral particles targeting overexpression of MCT1 or MCT4, or knockdown of MCT4. Following transfection, cellular metabolic profiles were assessed under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and the metastatic phenotype of each cell line was investigated. Additionally, the effect of MCT expression on response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy was explored, and a siRNA metabolome screen was performed to identify combinations of targets that may produce synthetic lethality in prostate cancer cell lines. It was shown that changes in the expression of MCT1 or MCT4 did not cause significant changes in the metastatic phenotypes of the prostate cancer cell lines investigated. Some differences were observed in the metabolic pathways used by these prostate cancer cells following alterations in MCT expression. For example, overexpression of MCT1 in DU145 cells resulted in an increase in intracellular lactate. Additionally, MCT4 knockdown in PC3 cells was able to reduce OXPHOS under reduced oxygen. MCT1 overexpression was able to sensitise androgen-independent prostate cancer cells to treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Furthermore, combinations of siRNA treatments were identified that may be capable of producing synthetic lethality. In summary, findings in this study indicated that targeting MCT1 and MCT4 expression could offer therapeutic benefit in prostate cancer. However, it was also highlighted that the roles of these transporters are specific to cancer type, and even cell line.

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Py, Guillaume. « Étude du transport sarcolemmal du lactate et de l'expression des isoformes MCT1 et MCT4 chez le rat diabétique et Zucker fa/fa ». Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T014.

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Le lactate a longtemps ete considere comme un produit final de la glycolyse et le temoin d'une limitation de l'apport en oxygene au niveau des tissus. Durant les vingt dernieres annees, grace au developpement de nouvelles techniques, des travaux ont permis de montrer que le lactate etait produit en condition d'oxygenaton normale et que celui-ci etait le substrat neoglucogenique de choix au niveau hepatique. Associe aux anomalies du metabolisme du glucose, l'etat de diabete et d'insulinoresistance sont caracterises par des lactatemies basales anormalement elevees. L'origine de ces niveaux eleves de lactate est encore mal definie. Nous avons, dans ce travail, mis en evidence des alterations des echanges sarcolemmaux du lactate dans des modeles animaux de diabete et d'obesite, a l'aide d'un modele subcellulaire que sont les vesicules de sarcolemme. [. . . ] ainsi, meme si les alterations de l'activite de transport du lactate dans le diabete de type 1 ne trouvent pas leur explication dans l'expression des isoformes musculaires de mct, il semble aux vues de donnees recentes, que ceux-ci soient quand meme impliques dans la diminution de la clearance du lactate. A la difference, la perturbation musculaire des echanges et du metabolisme du lactate dans l'obesite pourrait participer a l'etat d'insulinoresistance.

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BERGMARK, FABIAN, et JOHAN STENBERG. « Heuristics in MCTS-based Computer Go : Can heuristics improve the performance of MCTS-based computer go ? » Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157529.

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The subject of computer Go is an active eld under AI and has achieved much attention in research. The current state of the art computer Go im-plementations uses a game tree search approach rather than advanced heuristics. This thesis aims to bridge these two approaches and combineMonte Carlo Tree Search with heuristics to deduce if any general results can be found. The results of the thesis indicate that the performance of a combined MCTS-heuristic approach correlates strongly with performance of the heuristic. Furthermore, MCTS can be used with any heuristic to improve its performance.1

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Awais, Muhammad [Verfasser]. « MCTS-based approximate accelerator synthesis / Muhammad Awais ». Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236630084/34.

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Meyer, Franziska. « Zelltyp-spezifische Inaktivierung von Mct8 in Gehirnzellen ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17690.

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Der Monocarboxylattransporter 8 (Mct8) ist ein spezifischer Schilddrüsenhormon (SDH)-Transporter. MCT8-Mutationen führen zu einer psychomotorischen Retardierung in Kombination mit abnormalen SDH-Serumkonzentrationen. Das konstitutiv Mct8-defiziente Mausmodell repliziert den endokrinologischen, jedoch nicht den humanen neurologischen Phänotyp. Um die Hypothese eines stark beeinträchtigten T3-Transportes speziell in Neuronen als Ursache zu untersuchen, wurde das Neuron-spezifische Mct8-defiziente Mausmodell (CamK-Cre;Mct8fl/fl) generiert. Neben einer funktionalen, Mct8-exprimierenden Blut-Hirn-Schranke liegt eine funktionale Hypophysen-Hypothalamus-Schilddrüsen Achse vor. NMR-Analysen des zerebralen Energiestoffwechsels von CamK-Cre;Mct8fl/fl-Mäusen zeigen nach [1-13C] Glukoseinfusion verringerte Laktatintensitäten sowie eine reduzierte Laktatdehydrogenase-Aktivität. Zudem sind Astrozyten-spezifische Transporter und Enzyme des Neurotransmitterstoffwechsels und deren Biosynthese in ihrer Genexpression reduziert. Somit führt der neuronale Mct8-Verlust zu einem verlangsamten zerebralen Metabolismus sowie einer reduzierten neuronalen Aktivität. Die Rolle von Mct8 im Energiestoffwechsel wurde außerdem in primären Mct8-defizienten Astrozyten- und Neuronkulturen mittels Seahorse Flux Analyzer untersucht. In Mct8-defizienten Neuronen kommt es zu einer verringerten SDH-Aufnahme, was in einer verringerten Expression von OXPHOS-relevanten Proteinen sowie in einer verringerten Sauerstoffverbrauchsrate resultiert. Somit stützen die in vitro Daten die des CamK-Cre;Mct8fl/fl-Mausmodelles bezüglich einer reduzierten neuronalen Aktivität sowie eines verlangsamten zerebralen Stoffwechsels. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass grundlegende Mechanismen des zerebralen Stoffwechsels bei neuronaler Mct8-Defizienz beeinträchtigt sind und die Rolle von Mct8 mit Hilfe weiterer konditioneller Mausmodelle (Astrozyten-spezifisch) und primären Ko-Kulturmodellen untersucht werden muss.
The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) is the most specific thyroid hormone (TH) transporter. Mutations lead to a severe form of psychomotor retardation in combination with abnormal TH concentrations in sera. The global Mct8-deficient mouse model was intensively studied and it replicates the endocrine, but not the human neurological phenotype. To test the hypothesis, that a disturbed uptake of T3 especially into neurons is responsible for the phenotype, we generated a neuron-specific Mct8-deficient mouse model (CamK-Cre;Mct8fl/fl). CamK-Cre;Mct8fl/fl mice exhibit a functional Mct8-expressing blood-brain-barrier and a functional hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis. NMR analyses of the cerebral energy metabolism of CamK-Cre;Mct8fl/fl mice after [1-13C] glucose injection revealed less enrichment of lactate and a reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity. Moreover, especially astrocyte-specific expressed transporter and enzymes of neurotransmitter metabolism and their biosynthesis are significantly reduced in comparison to control mice. These results point to a decelerated cerebral metabolism as well as a reduced neuronal activity caused by the neuronal loss of Mct8. In addition, we studied the impact of Mct8 on the energy metabolism in primary wildtype and Mct8-deficient astrocyte and neuron cultures by use of the Seahorse Flux Analyzer. Mct8-deficient neurons show a reduced uptake of TH, which results in a reduced expression of OXPHOS relevant proteins as well as a reduced oxygen consumption rate. Therefore, the in vitro raised data provide the observed changes of the CamK-Cre;Mct8fl/fl mice regarding a reduced synaptic activity as well as a reduced cerebral metabolism. Taken together, the data clearly shows that basic mechanisms of the cerebral metabolism are hampered in neuronal Mct8 deficiency. The role of Mct8 in this context needs further analyses with the help of conditional mouse models (astrocyte-specific) and primary co-culture models.

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Braun, Doreen [Verfasser]. « Der L-Typ Aminosäuretransporter 2 als möglicher kompensierender T₃- Transporter bei Mct8-Defizienz : Untersuchung Slc7a8-defizienter Mäuse : Struktur-Funktionsanalysen in MCT8 anhand des MCT8-Homologiemodells / Doreen Braun ». Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035406128/34.

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Law, Tsz Hong. « The effects of a MCTD in canine epilepsy ». Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766311.

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Ritzhaupt, Armin. « The role of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) in colonic short chain fatty acid (SCFA) transport : MCT1 expression in the healthy and diseased colon ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265123.

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Jansen, Jürgen. « Mutations in thyroid hrmone transporter MCT8:genotype, function and phenotype ». [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/12433.

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Cuff, Mark Anthony. « Role and regulation of the human colonic monocarboxylate transporter, MCT1 ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250486.

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D'Aria, Stefania. « Role of the Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in T lymphocytes ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/303141/3/table.pdf.

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Upon activation, T cells shift towards a metabolic program characterized by increased glucose metabolism in order to sustain proliferation and effector function. Surprisingly, while resting T lymphocytes degrade glucose aerobically to CO2, proliferating T cells metabolize glucose almostentirely to lactate in the presence of oxygen through aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect). This metabolic switch comprises the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters to the cell membrane, leading to an increase of glycolytic flux and the concomitant production of lactate. Despite many decades of research, we still do not fully understand the mechanisms that make proliferating T cells choose glycolysis rather than oxidation of glucose to produce energy. Since activated T lymphocytes depend on a glycolytic metabolism, they must release lactate, which inthese cells is facilitated by the proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter MCT1. The transporter is part of a protein family of 14 members among which MCT1–4 facilitate the passive transmembrane transport of monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies. The observation that pharmacological MCT1 inhibition has shown anti-proliferative effect on T cells suggests that lactate transport is essential to T cell expansion triggered after antigen recognition. The aim of our research is to investigate the importance of MCT1-dependent regulation in T cellmetabolism. Following TCR stimulation, MCT1 was expressed early in T cells unlike MCT4 whose significant expression was detected at later time point. To investigate the role played by MCT1 in the early steps of T cell activation, we generated a transgenic mouse model where conditional deletion of the MCT1 gene was achieved specifically in T cells. Phenotype and T cell distribution in thymus and peripheral organs were normal in MCT1fl/fl CD4Cre mice. However, lack of MCT1 expression decreased the proliferative capacity of in vitro activated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells without altering their viability. We observed that the IL-2 production was also affected by the lack of MCT1 expression, in line with decreased proliferative ability. Moreover, in vivo, T cell expansion that followed antigenic stimulation as well as T cell-mediated immune response to infection were deficient in MCT1fl/flCD4Cre mice. Our data indicate that this situation resulted from a cellular energy shortage caused by reduced glycolytic activity soon after activation. Moreover, energy crisis was amplified by the necessity to use ATP-consuming mechanisms for excluding H+ protons from the cytosol of activated MCT1-deficient T cells. Thus, in T cells, early MCT1 expression after activation ensures an energy saving mechanism for regulating cytoplasm acidification. Our observations also indicate that a high glycolytic flux is required in dividing T cells to maintain pH homeostasis.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Coppet, Pierre de. « Expression du transporteur des monocarboxylates MCT1 dans le côlon sain et pathologique ». Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2062.

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La fermentation des fibres alimentaires par la microflore colique aboutit à la production d'acide gras à chaines courtes comme l'acétate, le propionate et le butyrate. Ce dernier joue un rôle majeur dans le maintien de l'intégrité de la muqueuse colique. Il constitue la première source d'énergie de l'épithelium colique et a de nombreux effets physiologiques comme la régulation de la proliferation cellulaire, la différenciation et l'apoptose. L'utilisation du butyrate est diminuée dans de nombreuses situations pathologiques comme les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin et les cancers colorectaux. Le transporteur des monocarboxylates 1 (MCT1=SLC16A1) transporte le butyrate à travers la membrane apicale des colonocytes. Une diminution de l'expression de MCT1, qui réduit la disponibilité intracellulaire du butyrate diminue non seulement son oxidation mais aussi ses effets régulateurs. Dans cette étude, nous montrons tout d'abord que MCT1 est un bon marqueur de l'exposition de la muqueuse colique au butyrate observé. Dans un deuxième temps, nous démontrons que le défaut d'oxydation du butyrate observé dans les maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin est la conséquence d'une diminution du transport du butyrate, lui même associé à une diminution de l'expression de MCT1 dans la muqueuse colique
Dietary fibers are digestible food ingredients that reach the colon and are then fermented by colonic bacteria, resulting mainly in the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate and butyrate. Especially butyrate plays an important part in maintaining the health and integrity of the colonic mucosa. It is the primary energy source for the colonic epithelium and has most important physiological effect, including regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Butyrate oxidation was decrease in pathological situations like chronic inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectoral cancer. The monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1 = SLC16A1) transports butyrate across the apical membrane of human colonocytes. Thus, a decrease in MCT1 expression, which reduces the intra-cellular availability of butyrate could affect not only its oxidation, but also its cell regulatory effects. In this study, we investigated that MCT1 can be identified as a good marker of butyrate exposition in colon epithelial cells and we demonstrate that the defect in butyrate oxidation reported in inflammatory bowel diseases is the consequence of a decrease in butyrate transport into the colonocyte, itself related to a reduced expression of the butyrate intestinal transporter MCT1

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Filho, Alexandre Wilson Bisson. « Estrutura e mecanismos de MciZ, um capeador da extremidade menos de FtsZ em Bacillus subtilis ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-29042014-145345/.

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FtsZ é homóloga de tubulina, presente em quase todas as bactérias, que se autoassocia em filamentos que formam uma estrutura chamada anel Z dentro das células. O anel Z quando formado recruta de um macrocomplexo proteico chamado divisomo, que é responsável pela síntese do septo de divisão, formando duas células filhas. Diversos moduladores se ligam diretamente a FtsZ regulam sua polimerização, controlando o momento e o local onde o anel Z é formado. MciZ é um peptídeo de 40 aminoácidos expresso durante a esporulação de Bacillus subtilis e inibe a formação do do anel Z na célula mãe. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a interação entre as proteínas FtsZ e MciZ e investigar os mecanismos envolvidos na inibição da polimerização de FtsZ por MciZ. Através de uma triagem genética, usando uma biblioteca de mutantes de ftsZ, identificamos treze mutações em ftsZ que conferiram resistência à superexpressão de MciZ in vivo. Sete delas eram capazes de crescer na presença e na ausência da superexpressão de MciZ e as outras seis se mostraram dependentes da superexpressão de MciZ. A partir da coexpressão e copurificação do complexo FtsZ:MciZ, observamos que todas as proteínas mutantes ainda continuavam interagindo com MciZ in vitro. O Kd estimado para a interação entre as proteínas foi de 150±50nM, e mostrou-se que MciZ não se liga nem ao CTP (C-Terminal Peptide) de FtsZ, nem compete com GTP para a ligação no mesmo sítio. Usando construções truncadas de MciZ, determinou-se que o N-terminal da proteína (resíduos 1 ao 27) é suficiente para inibição. A partir das estruturas tridimensionais de MciZ (RMN) e do complexo FtsZ:MciZ (cristalografia de raios x), determinou-se que MciZ é um peptídeo desenovelado, que assume uma estrutura terciária ao interagir através da sua α-hélice H2 e folha-β B2 com a α-hélice H10 e a folha-β S9 de FtsZ. MciZ mostrou-se capaz de reduzir o tamanho dos protofilamentos de FtsZ de forma subestequiométrica, gerando fragmentos menores de filamentos. Proporções de MciZ:FtsZ de 1:10 foram suficientes para extinguir completamente o anel Z, confirmando a inibição subestequiométrica também in vivo. A conservação da inibição da fusão FtsZ-MciZ e a cinética de despolimerização de FtsZ induzida por MciZ provaram que MciZ não é um simples sequestrador. Marcações fluorescentes de MciZ sugeriram que o peptídeo é capaz de interagir com o anel Z in vivo, e também decorar feixes de FtsZ in vitro, formando focos localizados frequentemente na ponta dos filamentos. Cossedimentações com polímeros de FtsZ mostraram a presença de MciZ ou da fusão FtsZ-MciZ. Apesar de MciZ induzir o aumento da atividade GTPáscia específica de FtsZ, a ausência de hidrólise de GTP não eliminou o efeito subestequiométrico de MciZ. Nossos resultados em conjunto mostram que MciZ é um capeador dos filamentos de FtsZ, bloqueando a elongação pela ponta menos e bloqueando o anelamento entre protofilamentos
FtsZ is a tubulin-like protein present in most bacteria, that self-assembles into filaments forming a structure known as Z-ring in the cells. Following formation, the Z- ring recruits a protein macrocomplex, the divisome, which is responsible by the division septum synthesis, resulting in two daughter cells. Many modulators interact directly to FtsZ, regulating its polymerization and controlling the time and place of the Z-ring formation. MciZ is a 40-amino-acid peptide that is expressed during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis and inhibits the formation of the Z-ring in the mother-cell. The aim of this work was to study the interaction between FtsZ and MciZ proteins, and to investigate the mechanisms involved in FtsZ inhibition by MciZ. Applying a genetic screening, using an ftsZ mutant library, we identified 13 mutations on ftsZ that conferred resistance to MciZ overexpression in vivo. Seven of them were able to grow either in the presence or absence of MciZ overexpression, and the other six showed to be dependent on it. With the co-expression and co-purification of the FtsZ:MciZ complex, we observed all mutant proteins still interact with MciZ in vitro. Estimated Kd for the interaction was 150±50nM, and it was demonstrated that MciZ does not bind to FtsZ CTP (C-Terminal Peptide), nor does it compete with GTP for the same binding site. Using truncated versions of MciZ, it was determined that its N-terminal (residues 1 to 27) is sufficient for the inhibition. Based on the tridimensional structure of MciZ (NMR) and of the FtsZ:MciZ complex (x- ray crystallography), it was determined that MciZ is an unstructured peptide that assumes a tertiary structure by interacting with FtsZ α-helix H10 and β-sheet S9 through its α-helix H2 and β-sheet B2. MciZ was able to reduce the size of FtsZ protofilaments in a substoichiometric manner, generating smaller fragmented filaments. 1:10 ratios of MciZ:FtsZ were sufficient to completely extinguish the Z-ring, thus confirming the substoichiometric inhibition in vivo as well. The inhibition of FtsZ polymerization by the FtsZ-MciZ fusion and the FtsZ depolymerization kinetics induced by MciZ proved that MciZ is not a simple sequesterer. Fluorescent dyeing of MciZ suggests the peptide is able to interact with the Z-ring in vivo, as well as decorate FtsZ bundles in vivo, forming localized spots frequently at the filaments\' ends. Co- sedimentations with FtsZ polymers showed the presence of MciZ or of the FtsZ-MciZ fusion. Despite MciZ-induced increase in specific GTPase activity of FtsZ, the lack of GTP hydrolysis did not eliminate the substoichiometric effect of MciZ. Combined, our results show that MciZ is an FtsZ filament capper, blocking elongation at the minus end and blocking the annealing between protofilaments

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McMahon, Kelly. « A systems biology approach to target identification using three-dimensional multi-cellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) : regio-specific molecular dissection of gene expression, protein expression and functional activity in 3D MCTS ». Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5722.

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Within solid tumours, a microenvironment exists that causes resistance to chemotherapy. New drugs that target cells within this microenvironment are required, the first step in this process being the identification of new targets. The aim of this thesis was to characterise changes in the transcriptome and proteome within specific regions of multicell-tumour spheroids (MCTS), an experimental model that mimics many of the features of the tumour microenvironment. HT29 MCTS were separated by sequential trypsinisation into 3 main regions; the outer surface layer (SL) the peri-necroric region (PN) and the necrotic core (NC). Using an iTRAQ quantitative proteomics approach, the proteome of the different MCTS regions was investigated. A 2 dimensional separation approach using Agilent's OffGel system and RP-nano HPLC was incorporated prior to MS analysis. MS analysis was done using both MALDI-TOF-TOF (Bruker Ultraflex II) and ESI-Q-TOF (Agilent 6530 QTOF LC/MS) instruments. Gene expression profiles of the different MCTS were investigated and compared using Agilent's one-color oligonucleotide based microarrays. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis identified several key differences in the proteins involved in cell metabolism between the SL and PN/NC regions. Similar metabolic changes were also noted between autophagic and normal monolayer cells. Many highlighted proteins represented established cancer associated proteins. Interestingly, a number of proteins were highlighted which have no previous association with cancer and may upon further validation, provide attractive leads for therapeutic intervention.

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McMahon, Kelly M. « A systems biology approach to target identification using three-dimensional multi-cellular tumour spheroids (MCTS). Regio-specific molecular dissection of gene expression, protein expression and functional activity in 3D MCTS ». Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5722.

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Within solid tumours, a microenvironment exists that causes resistance to chemotherapy. New drugs that target cells within this microenvironment are required, the first step in this process being the identification of new targets. The aim of this thesis was to characterise changes in the transcriptome and proteome within specific regions of multicell-tumour spheroids (MCTS), an experimental model that mimics many of the features of the tumour microenvironment. HT29 MCTS were separated by sequential trypsinisation into 3 main regions; the outer surface layer (SL) the peri-necroric region (PN) and the necrotic core (NC). Using an iTRAQ quantitative proteomics approach, the proteome of the different MCTS regions was investigated. A 2 dimensional separation approach using Agilent¿s OffGel system and RP-nano HPLC was incorporated prior to MS analysis. MS analysis was done using both MALDI-TOF-TOF (Bruker Ultraflex II) and ESI-Q-TOF (Agilent 6530 QTOF LC/MS) instruments. Gene expression profiles of the different MCTS were investigated and compared using Agilent¿s one-color oligonucleotide based microarrays. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis identified several key differences in the proteins involved in cell metabolism between the SL and PN/NC regions. Similar metabolic changes were also noted between autophagic and normal monolayer cells. Many highlighted proteins represented established cancer associated proteins. Interestingly, a number of proteins were highlighted which have no previous association with cancer and may upon further validation, provide attractive leads for therapeutic intervention.

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Tricarico, S. « BIOLOGY OF THE DYNAMIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE (MCTS) IN INVERTEBRATE MARINE MODELS:AN INTEGRATED APPROACH ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215687.

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Animal tissues are an immense source of inspiration for humans which actually mimic (biomimetic approach) and use them for novel material design and production. Connective tissue is the most important animal structural material and it (or its components) is often used as source of inspiration/model for different applications. Its main extracellular matrix (ECM) component is collagen. Currently, industrially available collagen is mainly of bovine origin that, however, carries a risk of transmission of serious diseases (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, TSE). Therefore, alternative and safer sources of collagen are required for regenerative medicine and one of the safer and recently exploited source are aquatic organisms. The marine invertebrates that I used in this project (echinoderms, in particular sea urchins) possess peculiar and unique connective tissues, called Mutable Collagenous Tissues (MCTs), which could actually represent an alternative source of collagen. Moreover, MCTs undergo extremely rapid, drastic and reversible changes (completely independent from any muscular contribution) in their passive mechanical properties such as stiffness, tensile strength and viscosity under nervous control. Several evidences suggest that MCTs are probably one of the key elements of the striking regenerative capacities found in echinoderms, since they directly help the regenerative process, exante creating the conditions and ex-post providing optimal growth-promoting environment and “dynamic” structures for tissue healing and regeneration. MCTs could therefore represent a valuable source of inspiration for biomaterial design addressed to biomedical applications. The main general aim of this work was to acquire the appropriate knowledge of the model we want to get inspiration from (MCTs) and to understand how natural MCTs actually work. In particular, the specific objective was to define the basic biology of natural MCTs, particularly the key-components and their fundamental interactions; this will be achieved through morphological, biochemical, biomolecular and biomechanical characterizations. This thesis is part of the MIMESIS Project financed by CARIPLO Foundation (2009). The very ultimate challenge of the project is to explore the possible development of a new class of biomimetic materials inspired to echinoderm MCT to be used for scaffolds for tissue regeneration and cell colture studies. The first approach consisted in the investigation of the MCT structural key-components, including fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in order to deeply investigate how the natural tissue works. The transmission electron microscopy technique was used to obtain micro-scale view to understand the micro-organization of the ECM components. With this detailed investigation the current knowledge of the structural organization of MCT ECM was expanded. The biochemical analysis with SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis on collagen and PGs/GAGs showed how complex MCTs are. We found that the fibrillar collagen has strong similarities with collagen type I and that all the PGs/GAGs families are represented in MCTs but with differences in quality and quantity according to the tissues analysed or to the related mechanical state. Another major focus of this work was the biomolecular approach related to a presumptive key effector protein, tensilin. This factor, previously found and characterised in other echinoderms (holothurians), is considered as responsible for mutability phenomena. In our study, attention was addressed to “tensilin” possible presence and function in two common sea urchin species, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Paracentrotus lividus. We have successfully found and produced tensilin in S. purpuratus and performed fibril aggregation assays. On the basis of our results we can conclude that the S. purpuratus tensilin does not react with collagen like that isolated from holothurians and that the specific MCT environment is fundamental for its activity. The last approach was addressed to extract effector molecules directly from fresh MCT tissues with chromatography and to characterize them with rheology tests. Very important data were collected: 1) the rheological characterization of insoluble and soluble echinoderm collagens in comparison with the ultrapure bovine sample showed that echinoderm collagen possesses peculiar mechanical properties that must be taken in account in view to build and produce an MCT inspired biomaterial; 2) moreover, some chromatographic fractions showed the capability to modify the standard collagen properties.

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Carpenter, Lee. « Kinetic and molecular characterisation of the monocarboxylate transporter of Ehrlich-Lettre mouse tumour cells ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295007.

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Erlid, Frøy Brede Tureson. « MCTF and JPEG 2000 Based Wavelet Video Coding Compared to the Future HEVC Standard ». Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18822.

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Video and multimedia content has over the years become an important part of our everyday life. At the same time, the technology available to consumers has become more and more advanced. These technologies, such as streaming services and advanced displays, has enabled us to watch video content on a large variety of devices, from small, battery powered mobile phones to large TV-sets.Streaming of video over the Internet is a technology that is getting increasingly popular. As bandwidth is a limited resource, efficient compression techniques are clearly needed. The wide variety of devices capable of streaming and displaying video suggest a need for scalable video coders, as different devices might support different sets of resolutions and frame rates.As a response to the demands for efficient coding standards, VCEG and MPEG are jointly developing an emerging video compression standard called High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The goal for this standard is to improve the coding efficiency as compared to H.264, without affecting image quality. A scalable video coding extension to HEVC is also planned to be developed.HEVC is based on the classic hybrid coding approach. This however, is not the only way to compress video, and attention is given to wavelet coders in the literature. JPEG 2000 is a wavelet image coder that offers spatial and quality scalability. Combining JPEG 2000 with Motion Compensated Temporal Filtering (MCTF) gives a wavelet video coder which offers both temporal, spatial and quality scalability, without the need for complex extensions.In this thesis, a wavelet video coder based on the combination of MCTF and JPEG 2000 was implemented. This coder was compared to HEVC by performing objective and subjective assessments, with the use case being streaming of video with a typical consumer broadband connection. The objective assessment showed that HEVC was the superior system in terms of both PSNR and SSIM. The subjective assessment revealed that observers preferred the distortion produced by HEVC over the proposed system. However, the results also indicated that improvements to the proposed system can be made that could possibly enhance the objective and subjective quality. In addition, indications were also found that suggest that a use case operating with higher bit rates is more suitable for the proposed system.

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Klein, Andreas [Verfasser]. « Metabolische Wirkung einer spezifischen Inhibition des Monocarboxylat-Transporters-1 (MCT1) in Ovarialkarzinomzellen / Andreas Klein ». Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224810775/34.

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Konzack, Karina [Verfasser]. « Doppelblinder prospektiv randomisierter Vergleich einer MCT/LCT/FO-haltigen 20% Fettemulsion mit einer MCT/LCT-Emulsion (20 %) im Rahmen der parenteralen Ernährung von Frühgeborenen / Karina Konzack ». Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031155120/34.

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Hua, Yuai, Jianmei Lu, Huayong Zhang, Jinyong Cheng, Wei Liang et Tianduo Li. « Denoising and Segmentation of MCT Slice Images of Leather Fiber - 170 ». Verein für Gerberei-Chemie und -Technik e. V, 2019. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34310.

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Content: The braiding structure of leather fibers has not been understood clearly and it is very useful and interesting to study it. Microscopic X-ray tomography (MCT) technology can produce cross-sectional images of the leather without destroying its structure. The three-dimensional structure of leather fibers can be reconstructed by using MCT slice images, so as to show the braiding structure and regularity of leather fibers. The denoising and segmentation of MCT slice images of leather fibers is the basic procedure for three-dimensional reconstruction. In order to study the braiding structure of leather fibers in the round, the image of resinembedded leather fibers MCT slices and in situ leather fibers MCT slices were analyzed and processed. It is showed that the resin-embedded leather fiber MCT slices were quite different from that of in situ leather fiber MCT slices. In-situ leather fiber MCT slice image could be denoised relatively easily. But denoising of resin-embedded leather fiber MCT slice image is a challenge because of its strong noise. In addition, some fiber bundles adhere to each other in the slice image, which are difficult to be segmented. There are many methods of image denoising and segmentation, but there is no general method to process all types of images. In this paper, a series of computer-aided denoising and segmentation algorithms are designed for in-situ MCT slice images of leather fibers and resin-embedded MCT slice images. The fiber bundles in wide field MCT images are distributed densely, adherent to each other. Many fiber bundles are separated in one image and tightly bound in another. This brings great difficulties to image segmentation. To solve this problem, the following segmentation methods are used: Grayscale-threshold segmentation method, The region-growing segmentation method, Three-dimensional image segmentation method. The denoising and segmentation algorithm proposed in this paper has remarkable effect in processing a series of original MCT slice images and resin-embedded leather fibers MCT slice images. A series of threedimensional images based on this work demonstrate the fine spatial braiding structure of leather fiber, which would help us to understand the braiding structure of leather fibers better. Take-Away: presentation ppt, Figures

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Scheffler, Leopold. « Electrical characterization of transition metals in silicon : ». Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-165931.

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The understanding of the electrical properties of defects introducing deep levels in silicon is of prime technological importance in modern microelectronics. In this thesis, a comprehensive study of the transition metals titanium, cobalt, and nickel in silicon, and of their interaction with hydrogen is presented. The formed defects are detected and characterized by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), Laplace DLTS, and minority carrier transient spectroscopy. A natural starting point for a study of metal-hydrogen reactions in silicon is the analysis of the effect of hydrogen on metal-free silicon. Complexes of hydrogen with carbon, which create deep levels in the band gap of silicon, are observed. Titanium introduces three levels into the band gap. The charge states determined in this thesis are in contradiction to the literature, questioning the assignment of these levels. Upon hydrogenation, TiH complexes with one, two, and three hydrogen atoms are identified. A proposition by theory that two different configurations of TiH with one hydrogen atom exist, can be supported. Cobalt is shown to have only one level in the band gap of silicon, whereas a second level previously attributed to cobalt is assigned to the cobalt-boron pair. Two CoH complexes are determined. Nickel has three levels in the band gap. Upon hydrogenation, complexes with up to three hydrogen atoms are identified. One of the defects can be observed in both n - and p -type silicon. For all three metals investigated, passive hydrogen complexes exist. They are created by further hydrogenation after the appearance of the above mentioned electrically active complexes. The thesis concludes with a comparison of the obtained results with those of neighboring elements to look for similarities and patterns
Das Verständnis der elektrischen Eigenschaften von Defekten, welche tiefe Niveaus in der Bandlücke von Silizium erzeugen, ist von außerordentlichem Interesse für die moderne Mikroelektronik. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird eine umfassende Untersuchung der Übergangsmetalle Titan, Kobalt und Nickel in Silizium und ihrer Wechselwirkung mit Wasserstoff vorgestellt. Die entstandenen Defekte werden mit Hilfe von Kapazitätstransientenspektroskopie (DLTS - deep level transient spectroscopy), Laplace DLTS und Minoritätsladungsträgertransientenspektroskopie (MCTS - minority carrier transient spectroscopy) beobachtet und charakterisiert. Für eine fehlerfreie Analyse der Metall-Wasserstoff-Reaktionen ist es sinnvoll, zuerst den Einfluss des Wasserstoffs auf metallfreies Silizium zu prüfen. Dabei wird die Bildung von Kohlenstoff-Wasserstoff-Komplexen, welche Niveaus in der Bandlücke von Silizium erzeugen, beobachtet. Titan besitzt drei Niveaus in der Bandlücke von Silizium. Die in dieser Arbeit bestimmten Ladungszustände stehen im Widerspruch zu den Literaturangaben, daher wird die Zuordnung dieser Niveaus in Frage gestellt. Die Reaktion von Titan mit Wasserstoff führt zu elektrisch aktiven Komplexen mit bis zu drei Wasserstoffatomen. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen einen Vorschlag aus der Theorie, nach dem der Komplex mit einem Wasserstoff zwei verschiedene Konfigurationen besitzen soll. Kobalt erzeugt ein Niveau in der Bandlücke. Ein weiteres Niveau, welches früher ebenfalls dem Kobalt zugewiesen wurde, kann dem Kobalt-Bor-Paar zugeordnet werden. Nach der Reaktion mit Wasserstoff können zwei CoH-Komplexe nachgewiesen werden. Nickel besitzt drei Niveaus in der Bandlücke und erzeugt elektrisch aktive NiH-Komplexe mit bis zu drei Wasserstoffatomen. Einer dieser Defekte kann sowohl im n - als auch im p -Typ Silizium beobachtet werden. Alle drei untersuchten Metalle besitzen elektrisch passive Komplexe, welche nach der weiteren Reaktion von Wasserstoff mit den aktiven Komplexen entstehen. Die Arbeit endet mit einem Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit denen benachbarter Elemente, um mögliche Ähnlichkeiten oder Muster zu erkennen

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Manito, Rodrigo da Rocha. « A caracterização de editais públicos na promoção da inovação : o caso do MCTI no Brasil ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/78037.

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Este trabalho baseou-se na competitividade das firmas e no dinâmico mercado onde elas estão inseridas para tratar das políticas de promoção da inovação realizadas por meio de editais públicos. Para isso, foram levantados os principais tipos de resultados do fluxo de inovação (tipo 1 - conhecimento puro; tipo 2 - potencial para aplicação prática; tipo 3 - geração de lucro; e tipo 4 - aplicação social, sem a necessidade de gerar lucro). Desta forma, foi possível desenvolver um método de classificação segundo os fatores relacionados a cada um desses quatro tipos disponíveis na literatura. Com base nesta construção, foram identificados quais os tipos de resultados são pretendidos pelos editais públicos selecionados para análise, assim como quais os tipos são obtidos na prática, por meio dos relatórios de acompanhamento de projetos disponibilizados no sítio do MCTI (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação) no ano de 2011, possibilitando uma visão dos objetivos do governo por meio de suas políticas de promoção da inovação. Para isso, foram realizadas análises por data mining dos editais, relatórios de acompanhamento de projeto e entrevistas com as empresas responsáveis pode esses projetos. Essas análises mostraram que o existe um esforço maior do governo em promover os resultados dos tipos 1 e 2, o que caracteriza a promoção da ciência e tecnologia, onde são desenvolvidos conhecimentos, descobertas e invenções, principalmente através das universidades e centros tecnológicos. Enquanto as indústrias, em geral, são responsáveis pelos resultados dos tipos 3 e 4, inovações de fato. Essas análises ilustram uma divergência entre o discurso de promoção da inovação do governo com a realidade observada nesta pesquisa. O resultado do tipo 4, contudo, ocorre tanto pelas universidades quanto pelas indústrias. Os centros tecnológicos mostraram-se cientes de seu papel no sistema nacional de inovação do Brasil, promovendo fortemente o resultado do tipo 2. Esses resultados apontam para uma coerência entre o que é pretendido com os editais os tipos de resultados do fluxo que são encontrados na prática, a luz dos relatórios e entrevistas analisados. Ainda existem lacunas a serem preenchidas neste campo do conhecimento, porém, observa-se que é possível classificar os resultados do fluxo de inovação por meio desses 4 tipos, o que viabiliza uma série de pesquisas que venham a identificar qual o esforço deve ser dedicado a cada tipo para que o desempenho das firmas e, consequentemente do SNI (Sistema Nacional de Inovação), seja o mais eficiente possível, gerando inúmeras inovações, destacando o país como desenvolvedor de tecnologias na fronteira do conhecimento e estimulando o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico da nação.
This work based itself on the firms’s competitivity and on the dynamic market where they are placed to deal with the innovation promoted by public grant calls. In order to further study this issue, it was identified which are the main innovation flux outcome types (type 1 - pure knowledge; type 2 - potential for practical application; type 3 - profit generation; and type 4 - social application, without the direct need for profits). This allowed the development of a classifying method regarding these four outcomes, indicated by the factors related to each one of those types found on the literature. Based on this classifying method, it was possible to identify the innovation flux outcome types which the Government proposes to promote using its grant calls and those that could be found in its project’s follow up reports submitted in 2011, enabling a clear view of the Government R&D (Research and Development) investments goals. In order to accomplish that, it was used a data mining analysis of all project’s follow up reports published by the Government in 2011 and its correspondent public grant calls.. Lastly, enterviews with the companies responsible for those projects were performed as a complementar way to clarify which outcomes types could be perceived by those importants agents of the Brazilian NIS (National Innovation System). The results shown that most of the effort of the Government are on promoting the types 1 and 2, which are knowledge development, discoveries and inventions, mainly through the universities and technological centers. While the private companies are, mostly, responsible for the types 3 and 4, which are, at last, the innovations themselves. Those analyses illustrate a divergence between the Government speech and the reality observed by this research. The type 4, on the other side, occurs as much by the universities as by the companies. The technological centers shown that they are aware of theirs roles in the Brazilian national innovation system, strongly promoting the type 2. There are still some gaps to be filled in this area, although it is observed that it is possible to classify the innovation flux outcomes by those 4 types, which enables a series of researches that might lead to the identification of the wheight on each of the 4 types that the NIS agents must focus its investiments to increase its performance and efficiency.

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Hindié, Mathilde. « Orientations fonctionnelles de cellules adhérentes (mélanomes B16 et préostéoblastes MCT3) cultivées sur un support cellulosique ». Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1535.

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Les biomatériaux, en fonction de leur nature et de leurs propriétés de surface, peuvent donner aux cellules placées à leur contact, différentes morphologies qui seront déterminantes pour leurs orientations fonctionnelles. L'objectif de cette thèse est l'étude des réactions de cellules cultivées au contact d'un support original pour culture cellulaire. Les lignées de cellules adhérentes utilisées lors de cette étude ont été trois lignées des cellules de mélanomes murins B16 de pouvoir métastatique croissant et des préostéoblastes murins MC3T3. Les principaux résultats obtenus sont les suivants : une morphologie cellulaire arrondie et une agrégation des cellules ; une inhibition de la prolifération cellulaire ; une induction de la différenciation et/ou de l'apoptose. Ce revêtement nous a permis d'obtenir des résultats significatifs et reproductibles qui ouvrent la perspective de son utilisation comme outil de recherche fondamentale et d'aide au diagnostic de malignité
Biomaterials according to their nature and their surface properties can give to cells in their contact, different morphologies which will be determinant to their functional orientations. This thesis airn is to study the reactions of cells cultivated on an original coating for cell culture. Adherent cells lines used during this study are three cells lines of murine melanoma cells B 16 with growing metastatic power and MC3T3 preosteoblasts. Principal results obtained are : a cellular morphology change which is manifested by cells aggregation ; a cellular proliferation inhibition ; a differentiation induction and/or apoptosis This coating permits us to obtain significant and reproducible results which open new perspectives for its utilization as a fundamental research tool and as a malignity diagnostic help tool

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Roubertou, Salma. « Etude et mise en œuvre du MCT dans un interrupteur de courant ». Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0080.

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Le MCT (MOS-Controlled Thyristor) fait partie de la famille des composants intégrant la structure MOS et la structure bipolaire. Il trouve son intérêt dans les applications nécessitant de forts courants et de faibles pertes en conduction grâce à sa faible chute de tension à l'état passant. Le travail réalisé porte sur la caractérisation du MCT et sa mise en œuvre dans un relais statique bidirectionnel auto-protégé, permettant le pilotage d'une charge résistive d'une puissance de 3 kW, sous un réseau 50Hz 230Volts. Dans ce type d'application, les mises sous tension des circuits de puissance et de commande se font simultanément Le courant de fuite, la tension de claquage, la chute de tension, le pouvoir de coupure et la tenue en dV/dt du MCT, ont été mesurés et analysés sous influence de la tension de commande et de la température. L'étude montre en particulier que, sous une faible tension de commande, le MCT est très sensible au dV/dt et quelques Volts/µs suffisent pour l'amorcer. Ce type d'amorçage est local et peut entraîner la destruction du composant. Les phénomènes survenant lors de la phase d'amorçage ont été réanalysés à l'aide d'un logiciel de simulation. Une réduction de la durée de vie des porteurs permet de désensibiliser le MCT au dV/dt, au détriment de la chute de tension qui fait le point fort de ce composant
MOS-Controlled Thyristors (MCT) are semiconductor devices, integrating both MOS and bipolar structures. They are considered for power switching applications where high current capability coupled with low conduction lasses are prime requirements. In this study, we characterize the MCT and study its implementation in a self-protected bidirectional static relay, connected with a 3kW resistive load, and under 50Hz 230Volts power supply. In this type of application, power and control circuits are simultaneously switched on. We measure and analyze the following characteristics regarding the influence of the gate control voltage and temperature: leakage current, breakdown voltage, forward drop voltage, turn off and dV/dt capabilities of the MCT. In our study we particularly show that under low gate control voltage, the MCT is very sensitive to dV/dt and a few volts per microsecond are enough to turn it on. Since turn-on occurs locally, this is likely to result in the destruction of the device. Moreover, turn-on phenomena were analyzed by mean of simulation. We show that a decrease of carrier lifetime can enlarge the MCT dV/dt capability, but also it leads to an increase in the forward drop voltage, which is the most interesting characteristic of this device

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Maaroufi, Semeh, et Amna Asad. « Leadership Style & ; Challenges of MCT Management : Case Study- Swedish Construction MNC ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328344.

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Ongoing globalization in business world has led to increase diversity of workforce.Organizations are relying more and more on people coming from all over the world withdifferent backgrounds, nationalities, culture, race etc. Operating in such multiculturalenvironment has forced MNCs to recognize the importance of retaining highly qualified leadersto manage multicultural employees and more specifically to pay attention on the differentchallenges that they might face. In such multicultural environment, it’s important that managershave the required competencies to manage people from culturally diverse background.The purpose of this study is to investigate in detail the most suitable leadership styles toovercome the challenges of multicultural project teams so that organizations can gaincompetitive advantage over others. To find the most suitable leadership styles, firstly weinvestigated based on literature the most important challenges and issues that both projectmanagers and multicultural teams face. Secondly, we defined the project managers who areable to identify and overcome the challenges of multicultural teams. Thirdly, we analysed theleadership style and competencies of project managers who are aware of the differentchallenges of MCT to find out the most suitable and common leadership style in the studiedindustry. The research is a qualitative single case study focusing on one construction MNCnamely ‘Skanska’ in Sweden.In this study, we found three common leadership styles presented among project managersnamely; mix of servant plus transformational leadership, mix of transformational andtransactional leadership, and lastly transformational leadership style. Findings from the studyshow that mix of servant and transactional leadership is the most suitable leadership style formanaging multicultural project teams in construction industry, while it seems also thattransformational leadership style is being the most common style as every project leaderpossess some traits of it.

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Oberlin, Douglas J. « Neither recurrent hypoglycemia nor chronic aerobic training alter the content of MCTs in the ventromedial hypothalamus ». Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10154649.

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Many individuals with diabetes use medications or exercise to control blood glucose concentrations, which can lead to episodes of hypoglycemia. Although chronic hyperglycemia leads to many diabetic complications, hypoglycemia is an acute threat to the health of individuals, and can lead to myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias, as well as increasing inflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombotic and fibrinolytic processes. Either antecedent exercise or antecedent hypoglycemia lead to a blunted counter-regulatory response to a subsequent hypoglycemia episode. Acute exercise has been shown to increase monocarboxylate transport proteins (MCTs) in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of the brain, which is involved in regulating the counter-regulatory response to restore euglycemia. The MCTs shuttle lactate in and out of cells, however when is lactate infused into the VMH has been shown to interfere with the counter-regulatory response. Additionally, antecedent recurrent hypoglycemia has been shown to increase lactate transport in the brain. Therefore, the current studies investigated what effect exercise training or recurrent antecedent hypoglycemia had on MCT proteins in the VMH. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for both studies, randomized to receive either 6-7 weeks of aerobic training, sedentary behavior, 3 days of insulin induced hypoglycemia, or 3 days of saline injection. The increases in cytochrome c oxidase activity among the aerobically trained group showed that training adaptations occurred, however, there were no significant differences in MCT proteins within the VMH between the trained versus sedentary rats. While each of the 3 days of hypoglycemia or saline injection showed differences in 30 minute post-injection glucose concentrations, no significant differences in MCTs were observed in the VMH between the 2 groups on day 4.

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Poromaa, Erik Ragnar. « Crushing Candy Crush : Predicting Human Success Rate in a Mobile Game using Monte-Carlo Tree Search ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206595.

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The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility of predicting difficulty, measured in average human success rate (AHSR), across game levels of a mobile game using a general AI algorithm. We implemented and tested a simulation based bot using MCTS for Candy. Our results indicate that AHSR can be predicted accurately using MCTS, which in turn suggests that our bot could be used to streamline game level development. Our work is relevant to the field of AI, especially the subfields of MCTS and single-player stochastic games as Candy, with its diverse set of features, proved an excellent new challenge for testing the general capabilities of MCTS. The results will also be valuable to companies interested in using AI for automatic testing of software.

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Lambert, Daniel William. « Expression and regulation of the human colonic butyrate transporter, MCT1, during the transition from normality to malignancy ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250395.

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Vasilopoulou, Elisavet. « The role of thyroid hormones in placental development and the importance of the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1146/.

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Thyroid hormones (THs) are important for fetoplacental development. Human intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with malplacentation and reduced fetal circulating concentration of THs. The expression of the plasma membrane TH transporters MCT8, MCT10, LAT1, LAT2, OATP1A2 and OATP4A1 was characterised in human placental biopsies across gestation. The protein expression of MCT8 was increased in samples from severe IUGR compared with normal pregnancies. In vitro, triiodothyronine (T\(_3\)) decreased survival and increased apoptosis of IUGR compared with normal cytotrophoblasts, which was associated with increased MCT8 expression. In normal cytotrophoblasts, MCT8 upregulation decreased survival, whilst MCT8 silencing increased survival independently of T\(_3\). In the extravillous trophoblast-like cell line, SGHPL-4, T\(_3\) resulted in a significant increase in cell invasion when MCT8 was upregulated. Contrary to cytotrophoblasts, silencing MCT8 decreased apoptosis in SGHPL-4s independently of T\(_3\). In mice, fetal to placental weight ratio was decreased in male MCT8-null compared with wild-type embryos. These findings support the hypothesis that THs have an important role in fetoplacental development and that IUGR is associated with changes in TH transport and responsiveness of the placenta. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of MCT8, which impacts on placental cells via both T\(_3\)- dependent and independent mechanisms.

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Brochier, Andressa Wigner. « Dieta hiperpalatável e exercício físico modulam a expressão dos transportadores de monocarboxilatos (MCTs) no hipocampo de camundongos ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147875.

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O alto consumo de dietas hiperpalatéveis (HP) ricas em lipídios e carboidratos simples associado a hábitos sedentários são fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e obesidade. Estas alterações, promovem um estado proinflamatório, causam resistência periférica à insulina e ainda prejudicam o metabolismo cerebral. A glicose é considerada o principal substrato energético para o cérebro. No entanto, em condições de alta demanda energética outros substratos como corpos cetônicos e lactato, por exemplo, podem servir como alternativa energética. A teoria da lançadeira de lactato astrócito-neurônio (do inglês ANLS) propõe que o aumento da captação da glutamato pelos astrócitos aumenta a atividade glicolitica e a produção de lactato, que por sua vez é exportado dos astrócitos para o espaço extracelular via transportadores de monocarboxilados (MCTs) do tipo 1 e 4. Os transportadores MCT do tipo 2 presentes nos neurônios internalizam o lactato para que ele seja convertido em piruvato. A enzima piruvato desidrogenase (PDH) converte o piruvato em acetil-CoA dentro da matriz mitocondrial. Sendo assim, o lactato e outras substâncias em equilíbrio com o piruvato são direcionados para o metabolismo oxidativo. Assim, a PDH conecta o metabolismo citosólico e mitocondrial. Por outro lado, o aumento do metabolismo oxidativo é associado com o aumento de vazamento de prótons e com a produção de peróxido de hidrogênio pela mitocôndria. Consequentemente, pode haver uma menor produção de ATP pela mitocôndria. Neste estudo, os efeitos de uma dieta hiperpalatável (HP) e do exercício físico em parâmetros metabólicos no hipocampo e na memória foram investigados. Foram avaliados: os níveis de lactato, o imunoconteúdo dos MCTs e da PDH e atividade mitocondrial no hipocampo de camundongos. Camundongos C57BJ machos com 30 dias receberam uma dieta HP durante cinco meses e, praticaram atividade física voluntária durante o último mês. Os grupos foram: CDS (dieta controle sedentário), CDE (dieta controle exercício), HPS (dieta HP sedentário) e HPE (dieta HP exercício), (n=15 animais/grupo). Os resultados mostraram um aumento no imunoconteúdo de MCT 1 e 4 causados pela dieta e pelo exercício físico. O exercício físico causou um aumento na expressão de PDH. A expressão do MCT2 não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Não foram observadas alterações na memória no teste do Y-maze. No entanto, houve um aumento no nível de lactato em microdialisado de hipocampo no grupo HPE após a exposição ao teste. Não foi observada diferença significativa no metabolismo mitocondrial basal, e nem no potencial de membrana mitocondrial. A ativação do complexo II mitocondrial pelo succinato aumentou a produção de H2O2 no grupo HPS. Esse efeito foi revertido pelo exercício físico. Os resultados demonstram que o exercício e a dieta HP aumentaram a expressão dos MCTs 1 e 4, enquanto que a expressão de PDH apenas aumentou pelo exercício. Isto sugere uma adaptação da maquinaria metabólica hipocampal em resposta a estes estímulos ambientais.
The high consumption of saturated fats and simple sugar diets associated with sedentary habits are factors that contribute to the development of overweight and obesity. These consequences produce a pro-inflammatory state, resulting in periphery insulin resistance and damage the cerebral metabolism. The glucose is considered to be the main energetic substrate to the brain, other particular substrates, like ketonic bodies and lactate, may work as alternative energy sources during moments of high energetic demand. The theory of Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle suggests that the increased uptake of glutamate by the astrocyte enhance the glycolytic activity and the production of lactate, which is exported from the astrocyte to the extracellular space via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) type 1 and 4. The MCTs type 2 residing inside the neurons accumulates lactate, which is converted into pyruvate. Furthermore, the dehydrogenase pyruvate enzyme (PDH) convert the pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA inside the mitochondrial matrix. Thus, the lactate and other substances in equilibrium are directed to the oxidative metabolism. This way, the PDH connects the cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism. On the other hand, the increased oxidative metabolism is associated with the leakage of protons and with the hydrogen peroxide production by the mitochondria. Consequently, the ATP production might be reduced. In this study, the effects of a palatable diet and physical exercise in metabolic parameters in the hippocampus and memory were investigated. Were evaluated: lactate levels, the expression of MCTs and PDH and mitochondrial activity in the hippocampus. Male C57BJ mice with 30 days received a HP diet for five months and practiced voluntary physical activity during the last month. The groups were: CDS (control diet sedentary), CDE (control diet exercise), HPS (HP diet sedentary) and HPE (HP diet exercise), (n = 15 animals / group). The results showed an increase in immunocontent of MCT 1 and 4 caused by diet and exercise. The physical exercise caused an increase in PDH expression. The expression of MCT2 had no relevant impact among the groups. No changes were observed in memory in the Y-maze test even though it was observed an increase in lactate levels in hippocampal microdialysate of the HPE group after the exposure to test. There was no significant difference in basal mitochondrial metabolism nor in the mitochondrial membrane potential. The activation of the mitochondrial complex II by succinate increased H2O2 production in the HPS group. This effect was reversed by exercise. The results show that the exercise and the HP diet increased the expression of MCTs 1 and 4, while the PDH expression only increased by exercise. This suggests an adaptation of the hippocampal metabolic machinery in response to these environmental stimuli.

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Espenes, Kristin. « Metakognitiv terapi (MCT) for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) : En kasusserie av fire pasienter ». Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25190.

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Hensikten med denne kasusstudien var å undersøke hvorvidt metakognitiv terapi (MCT) ville ha en effekt på symptomer for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). BDD defineres som en overopptatthet av en innbilt eller reell fysisk defekt, som studier viser kan ramme opp mot 2.4% av populasjonen og gir signifikante begrensinger på pasientens livskvalitet. Utvalget bestod av fire pasienter fra Spesialpost 4 for Tvangslidelser ved Østmarka, St. Olavs Hospital, som gjennomgikk et tre-ukers behandlingsprogram med døgnopphold. Som utfallsmål ble det benyttet Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS), Thought-Fusion Inventory (TFI) og Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) i tillegg til Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) og Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Det ble i etterkant av oppholdet gjennomført et oppfølgningsintervju med hver pasient for fordypende kvalitative data. Resultatene viser til en signifikant reduksjon for samtlige pasienter på utfallsmålene, hvorav ingen pasienter ved post-måling tilfredsstilte de diagnostiske kravene til BDD. Data fra oppfølgningsintervjuet bekrefter opplevelsen av en sterk symptombedring for alle pasientene. Til tross for metodiske svakheter gir kasusstudien empirisk støtte til en forståelsesmodell hvor metakognisjoner har en sentral rolle i BDD. Studien indikerer at MCT kan være en effektiv og relevant behandlingsmetode for denne utfordrende pasientgruppen, samt understøtter et behov for en randomisert kontrollert studie for videre forskning.

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Rane, Lukas, et Henrik Runeskog. « Calculating Center of Mass Using List Mode Data from PET Biograph128 mCT-1104 ». Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-256084.

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A common problem within positron emission tomography examinations of the brain is the motion of the patient. If the patients ́ head moves during an examination all the data acquired after the movement will not be suited for clinical use. This means that a lot of data recovered from PET is not used at all. Motion tracking during PET acquisitions of the brain is not a well explored issue within medical imaging in relation to the magnitude of the problem. Due to the radiation risks of the examination and the logistics at the hospital, a second acquisition is not preferred. Therefore a method to avoid a second acquisition would be welcome. PET data saved in list mode makes it possible to analyze the data during an examination. By calculating the center of mass of the object examined in list mode only using the raw data from PET and use it as a tracking point, it would be possible to track a motion during an acquisition. The center of mass could therefore possibly be used as a reference to connect two different time intervals on each side of the moment were the motion occurred. The raw PET data used for this project was acquired in the Nuclear Medicine Department in Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge and covered four turns of one minute acquisitions in different positions and with two different objects that were saved in list mode. The acquisitions were analyzed with the Siemens software e7-tools and sliced into time intervals. To calculate the center of mass within these time intervals, two methods were developed. One method only used the Siemens software e7-tools and histogrammed the time of flight bin position. The other method used each event position in its sinogram to calculate a center of mass sinusoidal equation. This equation lead to coordinates describing the center of mass in a specific slice.
Ett vanligt problem inom positronemissiontomografiundersökningar av hjärnan är rörelser från patienten. Om patienten rör sitt huvud under undersökningen kommer all förvärvad data inte vara kliniskt lämpad. Detta innebär att en stor del av datan från en PET-undersökning inte används över huvud taget. Rörelsespårning under PET undersökningar av hjärnan är ett relativt outforskat ämne inom medicinsk bildgivning i relation till amplituden av problemet. På grund av strålningsrisken av un- dersökningen och logistiken på sjukhusen, är en andra bildtagning inte att föredra. Därför skulle en metod för att undvika en andra bildtagning vara uppskattad. PET-rådata sparad i list mode möjliggör analys av data inom tidsspektrat av en undersökning. Genom att beräkna det undersökta objektets barocentrum genom att enbart använda rådata sparad i list mode och använda detta som en referenspunkt, så finns en möjlighet att följa en rörelse under en undersökning. Objektets barocentrum skulle kunna fungera som en referenspunkt för att binda ihop två olika tidsegment på varsin sida om tillfället då en rörelse har skett. Rådatan som användes i detta projekt var förvärvad vid nukleärmedicinska avdelningen på Karolinska Universetetssjukhuset i Huddinge och täckte fyra stycken undersökningar på en minut vardera i olika positioner och två olika objekt som sparades i list mode. Datainsamlingarna över- sattes med Siemens-mjukvaran e7-tools och delades sedan upp i tidsegment. För att räkna ut ett barocentrum i dessa tidssegment så utvecklades två metoder. En metod använde sig enbart av Siemens-mjukvaran e7-tools och använde dess funktion ”histogramming” för att dela upp alla events time of flight position. Den andra metoden använde varje events position i dess sinogram för att beräkna en barocentrisk sinusformad funktion. Denna funktion ledde till koordinater som beskrev masscentrum i en specifik skiva.

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Eydoux, Nicolas. « Effet de l'exercice sur le transport sarcolemmal du lactate du muscle squelettique ». Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON1T018.

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Holmgren, Viktor. « General-purpose maintenance planning using deep reinforcement learning and Monte Carlo tree search ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Artificiell intelligens och integrerade datorsystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-163866.

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Maintenance planning and execution is increasingly important for the modern industrial sector. Maintenance costs can amount to a major part of industrial spending. However, it is not as simple as just reducing maintenance budgets. A balance must be struck between risking unplanned downtime and the costs of maintenance efforts, in order to keep the profit margins needed to compete in the global markets of today. One approach to improve the effectiveness of industries is to apply intelligent maintenance planners. In this thesis, a general-purpose maintenance planner based on Monte-Carlotree search and deep reinforcement learning is presented. This planner was evaluated and compared against two different periodic planners as well as the oracle lower bound on four different maintenance scenarios. These four scenarios are all based on servicing wind turbines. All scenarios include imperfect maintenance actions, as well as uncertainty in terms of the outcomes of maintenance actions. Furthermore, the four scenarios include both single and multi-component variants. The evaluation showed that the proposed method is outperforming both periodic planners in three of the four scenarios, with the forth being inconclusive. These results indicate that the maintenance planner introduced in this paper is a viable method, at least for these types of maintenance problems. However, further research is needed on this topic of maintenance planning under uncertainty. More specifically, the viability of the proposed method on a more diverse set of maintenance problems is needed to draw any clear general conclusions. Finally, possible improvements to the training process that are discussed in this thesis should be investigated.

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Feringer, Júnior Walter Heinz [UNESP]. « Expressão do transportador de monocarboxilato MCT1 e sua proteína auxiliar CD 147 em hemácias de equinos de salto ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121932.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-28Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:48:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000813816.pdf: 2026611 bytes, checksum: 4bc553c95658091144370545d57b7857 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Avaliou-se a expressão do transportador de monocarboxilato 1 (MCT1) e sua proteína auxiliar CD147 nas hemácias de equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e de raças européias selecionadas para as mesmas modalidades. Utilizou-se 29 equinos, 16 da raça BH divididos em dois grupos segundo o histórico de competições em provas da modalidade salto, grupo de desempenho inferior (DI, n=8) e grupo de desempenho superior (DS, n=8) esta divisão foi confirmada pelo calculo do Custo de Frequência Cardíaca (CFC) e Custo de Lactato CLAC) e 13 equinos de origem européia que foram classificados como grupo Elite devido ao histórico de participação em provas com maiores alturas que os BHs. Com os BHs foram realizados dois testes um de velocidades incrementais (TVI) e um teste de saltos incrementais (TSI) onde valores de frequência cardíaca (FC) e lactato foram avaliados antes e após os testes, assim como sangue para a realização do Western Blot, o sangue dos animais Elite foram coletados antes após a Copa São Paulo de hipismo. Houve diferença estatística (p≤0,05) nos CFC e CLAC entre os grupos DI e DS no TSI e o mesmo não encontrado para o TVI. Em relação a expressão do MCT1 e CD147, houve diferença (p≤0,05) nos valores basais entre os BHs e o grupo Elite, não foram encontradas diferenças nas expressões entre os grupos DI e DS em quaisquer períodos de avaliação e o grupo Elite apresentou maior expressão (p≤0,05) de CD147 após a prova de hipismo. Concluiu-se que os BHs possuem maior expressão de MCT1 e CD147 quando comparados com raças européias e que estas expressam mais as proteínas estudadas após uma sessão aguda de esforço
We evaluated the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and its ancillary protein CD147 in equine erythrocytes of Brazilian (BH) and European show jumphorses.We used 29 horses , 16 of BH breed divided into two groups according to his historical show jump competitions, group underperformed (DI, n = 8) and group of superior performance (DS, n = 8) this division was confirmed by calculating the Cost of Heart Rate (CFC) and Cost of Lactate (CLAC) and 13 horses of European origin which were classified as Elite group due to the history of participation in events with greater heights than BHs. The BHs were tested twice, with a incremental speeds test (TVI) and a test of incremental jumps (IST) where values of heart rate (HR) and lactate were evaluated before and after the tests as well as blood for the Western blot, Elite animals blood were collected before and after Copa São Paulo of show jump. There was a statistical difference (p≤ 0.05) in the CFC and CLAC between DI and DS groups in IST, the same was not found for TVI. Regarding the expression of MCT1 and CD147 , significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) at baseline between the BHs and the Elite group, no differences in expression were found between DI and DS groups in any evaluation periods and the Elite group had higher expression (p ≤ 0.05) of CD147 after the show jump competition. It was concluded that BH’s expression of MCT1 and CD147 is higher when compared to European breeds and that they express more CD147 after an acute bout of effort
FAPESP: 11/15804-2

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Gurimskaya, Yana. « Comportement de quelques impuretés métalliques dans le germanium : une étude par les techniques capacitives DLTS-MCTS-LAPLACE DLTS ». Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734375.

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Ce travail consiste en une tentative de ré-examiner les propriétés électroniques du Fe, Cr et Au au sein de Ge, qui ont déjà été étudiées classiquement par DLTS (Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy). L'image générale qui en découle est que les métaux de transition dans Ge forment de manière prépondérante des centres accepteurs multiples, introduisant plusieurs niveaux profonds dans la bande de gap. A partir d'un modèle de liaison de valence simple, cette conclusion est en accord avec une survenue des impuretés sur des sites de substitution. Cependant, plusieurs questions demeurent ouvertes, comme le rôle de l'hydrogène en tant que contaminant dans l'élargissement des spectres DLTS. Notre contribution se base sur l'utilisation d'une approche plus performante nommée Laplace DLTS, en ce sens qu'elle autorise une meilleure résolution du signal. Nous présentons une analyse extensive par DLTS, MCTS et Laplace DLTS, afin d'étudier les propriétés électroniques des états accepteurs multiples, induits par les 4 métaux de transition sus-nommés. On distingue, parmis les paramètres étudiés, les barrières de capture des porteurs, les vraies sections efficaces de capture de sporteurs majoritaires (déterminées directement par la méthode de variation du pulse de remplissage), L'effet Pool-Frenkel (en lien avec la détermination de l'état de charge du niveau concerné). Ceci permet d'indiquer avec précision la position exacte des niveaux dans la bande interdite. Nous confirmons la plupart des résultats mis en évidence précédemment, tout en ajoutant quelques précisions sir le rôle de l'hydrogène dans la formation de nouveaux complexes. Une mise en parallèle avec le silicium. Dans le cas de Au, de nouveaux niveaux attribués aux complexes Au-Hn et Au-Sb sont observés. De manière générale, l'analyse des porteurs majoritaires et minoritaires par MCYS est toujours sujette à étude. En ce qui concerne le cas du Fe, la faible différence d'énergie entre ses deux niveaux soulève la possibilité d'un caractère de type U-négatif. L'ensemble de ses points devraient faire l'objet d'un travail approfondis dans un avenir proche.

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Feringer, Júnior Walter Heinz. « Expressão do transportador de monocarboxilato MCT1 e sua proteína auxiliar CD 147 em hemácias de equinos de salto / ». Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121932.

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Orientador: Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz
Banca: Antonio de Queiroz Neto
Banca: Herbert Gustavo Simões
Resumo: Avaliou-se a expressão do transportador de monocarboxilato 1 (MCT1) e sua proteína auxiliar CD147 nas hemácias de equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e de raças européias selecionadas para as mesmas modalidades. Utilizou-se 29 equinos, 16 da raça BH divididos em dois grupos segundo o histórico de competições em provas da modalidade salto, grupo de desempenho inferior (DI, n=8) e grupo de desempenho superior (DS, n=8) esta divisão foi confirmada pelo calculo do Custo de Frequência Cardíaca (CFC) e Custo de Lactato CLAC) e 13 equinos de origem européia que foram classificados como grupo Elite devido ao histórico de participação em provas com maiores alturas que os BHs. Com os BHs foram realizados dois testes um de velocidades incrementais (TVI) e um teste de saltos incrementais (TSI) onde valores de frequência cardíaca (FC) e lactato foram avaliados antes e após os testes, assim como sangue para a realização do Western Blot, o sangue dos animais Elite foram coletados antes após a Copa São Paulo de hipismo. Houve diferença estatística (p≤0,05) nos CFC e CLAC entre os grupos DI e DS no TSI e o mesmo não encontrado para o TVI. Em relação a expressão do MCT1 e CD147, houve diferença (p≤0,05) nos valores basais entre os BHs e o grupo Elite, não foram encontradas diferenças nas expressões entre os grupos DI e DS em quaisquer períodos de avaliação e o grupo Elite apresentou maior expressão (p≤0,05) de CD147 após a prova de hipismo. Concluiu-se que os BHs possuem maior expressão de MCT1 e CD147 quando comparados com raças européias e que estas expressam mais as proteínas estudadas após uma sessão aguda de esforço
Abstract: We evaluated the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and its ancillary protein CD147 in equine erythrocytes of Brazilian (BH) and European show jumphorses.We used 29 horses , 16 of BH breed divided into two groups according to his historical show jump competitions, group underperformed (DI, n = 8) and group of superior performance (DS, n = 8) this division was confirmed by calculating the Cost of Heart Rate (CFC) and Cost of Lactate (CLAC) and 13 horses of European origin which were classified as Elite group due to the history of participation in events with greater heights than BHs. The BHs were tested twice, with a incremental speeds test (TVI) and a test of incremental jumps (IST) where values of heart rate (HR) and lactate were evaluated before and after the tests as well as blood for the Western blot, Elite animals blood were collected before and after Copa São Paulo of show jump. There was a statistical difference (p≤ 0.05) in the CFC and CLAC between DI and DS groups in IST, the same was not found for TVI. Regarding the expression of MCT1 and CD147 , significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) at baseline between the BHs and the Elite group, no differences in expression were found between DI and DS groups in any evaluation periods and the Elite group had higher expression (p ≤ 0.05) of CD147 after the show jump competition. It was concluded that BH's expression of MCT1 and CD147 is higher when compared to European breeds and that they express more CD147 after an acute bout of effort
Mestre

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Kinne, Anita [Verfasser]. « Studien zum Transport von Schilddrüsenhormonen durch Membrantransporter der MCT- und LAT-Familie / Anita Kinne ». Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026068991/34.

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Matusch, Dennis [Verfasser]. « Haplotypenabhängiger Einfluss von MCT- versus LCT-Fetten gleichen Sättigungsgrades auf den Stoffwechsel / Dennis Matusch ». Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1020001062/34.

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Damo, Taiana Poerschke. « Classificação dos solos e rochas sedimentares da região de Santa Maria/RS segundo a metodologia MCT ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12175.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This research aimed to classify soils from the region of Santa Maria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, according to the MCT Methodology, seeking to know the peculiarities of the tropical soils of the region. The methodology applied in this study consisted in situate, collect and characterization of the soil deposits, and the conduction of laboratory tests. It was chosen two typical soil profiles from the geotechnical units of the region and two materials from deposits inside the studied area. Through laboratory tests, materials were classified according to the traditional systems of geotechnical classification, USCS and TRB, which are based in regulations from United States and Europe, temperate climate regions, and are substantiated in the value of consistence limit and soil granulometry. Besides the physical, chemical and mechanical characterization, it was performed triaxial tests with repeated loads to obtain the resilience modulus and resilient classification of the studied soils. The experiments of the MCT, MCT-M and Tablets Method were performed to understand the behavior of the soils, in view of the subtropical climate in the state and the presence of lateritic soils. Thus, it is possible to compare the classification methods, verifying the deficiency in the traditional methods related to lateritic soils and prove the validity of the Tablets Method as a simplified form to soils characterization. The results of this research show that MCT Methodology, developed to tropical soils, is an important tool to make feasible projects of low traffic pavements, minimizing costs and optimizing the use of tropical soils in these enterprises.
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo classificar os solos da região de Santa Maria, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, segundo a metodologia MCT, objetivando conhecer as peculiares dos solos tropicais da região. A metodologia aplicada neste trabalho consistiu na localização, coleta e caracterização das jazidas de solos, e na realização de ensaios laboratoriais. Escolheram-se dois perfis típicos de solos das unidades geotécnicas da região e dois materiais provenientes de jazidas compreendidas na área de estudo. Através de ensaios laboratoriais, os materiais foram classificados segundo os sistemas tradicionais de classificação geotécnica, USCS e TRB, os quais são baseados em normativas dos Estados Unidos e Europa, regiões de clima temperado, e fundamentam-se nos valores de limites de consistência e na granulometria dos solos. Além da caracterização física, química e mecânica, foram realizados ensaios triaxiais de cargas repetidas para obtenção do módulo de resiliência e classificação resiliente dos solos em estudo. Os ensaios da classificação MCT, MCT-M e o Método das Pastilhas foram realizados para o conhecimento do comportamento dos solos, tendo em vista o clima subtropical do estado e a presença de solos lateríticos. Possibilitando assim, a comparação entre os métodos de classificação, verificando a deficiência nos métodos tradicionais em se tratando de solos lateríticos e a validade do Método das Pastilhas como uma forma simplificada de caracterização dos solos. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram que a metodologia MCT, desenvolvida para solos tropicais, é uma ferramenta importante para viabilizar projetos de pavimentação de baixo volume de tráfego, minimizando custos e otimizando o uso de solos tropicais nesses empreendimentos.

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Barroso, Suelly Helena de Araujo. « Estudo dos solos da região metropolitana de Fortaleza para aplicação na engenharia rodoviária ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-01062016-112348/.

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O trabalho aqui apresentado é resultado de uma pesquisa onde se procurou caracterizar os solos da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza (RMF). Inicialmente, o objetivo deixou de ser principal devido às limitações desse método quando aplicado aos solos da RMF. O objetivo principal do trabalho passou a ser estudar mais detalhadamente os solos que ocorrem na Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza à luz de métodos convencionais e não convencionais, para aplicação na engenharia rodoviária. Para tanto, foram estudados sessenta solos pertencentes às classes pedológicas que ocorrem na RMF. Esses solos foram submetidos a um programa experimental que envolveu a execução de ensaios \"convencionais\" e \"não convencionais\". A partir dos resultados experimentais foram estabelecidas correlações entre os valores de algumas propriedades de interesse à pavimentação realizadas em cilindro convencional e miniatura. Tentou-se determinar o valor de CBR de um solo, dispondo das cargas calculadas no ensaio mini-CBR, mas essa tarefa não logrou êxito. As amostras foram classificadas pelas classificações HBR e MCT para verificação da qualidade da previsão das propriedades dos solos obtidas por esses métodos e aqueles resultantes da execução dos ensaios de laboratório. Foi proposto, a partir da execução de ensaio de adsorção de azul de metileno, a inclusão no ábaco de três zonas para se caracterizar o comportamento dos solos da RMF. Os resultados experimentais permitiram, também, concluir que pode-se identificar os materiais com potencial de uso na pavimentação de sua classe pedológica.
The work here presented is resulted of an experimental research where tried to characterize the soils of the Fortaleza Metropolitan Area (FMA). Initially, the thesis original objective was to transpose the MCT method to the reality of the occurrence soils in FMA. This objective quit being main due to the limitations of that method when applied to the FMA soils. The main objective of the work became to study the soils that occur in Fortaleza Metropolitan Area to the light of conventional methods in full detail and not usual, to know their limitations and real potentialities better for application in the road engineering. For so, sixty soils belonging to the pedological classes that occur in FMA were studied. These soils were submitted to an experimental program that involved the execution of \"conventional\" and \"not usual\" tests. Starting from the experimental results correlations among some properties values of paving interest accomplished in conventional cylinder and miniature were established. Tried to determine the CBR soil value, having the estimated loads in the mini-CBR test, but this task didn\'t achieve success. The samples were classified by the HRB and MCT classifications to verificate the quality of the forecast of the soils properties obtained by those methods and those execution resultants of the tests laboratory. It was proposed, starting from the execution of methylene blue adsortion test, the inclusion in the activity abacus of three areas to characterize the behavior of the FMA soils. The experimental results allowed also concluding that are possible to identify materials that have potential pavements use through their pedological class.

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