Articles de revues : « Maternal body odor »

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Croy, Ilona, Theresa Mohr, Kerstin Weidner, Thomas Hummel et Juliane Junge-Hoffmeister. « Mother-child bonding is associated with the maternal perception of the child's body odor ». Physiology & ; Behavior 198 (janvier 2019) : 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.09.014.

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Parma, Valentina, Maria Bulgheroni, Roberto Tirindelli et Umberto Castiello. « Facilitation of action planning in children with autism : The contribution of the maternal body odor ». Brain and Cognition 88 (juillet 2014) : 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2014.05.002.

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Durand, E., S. Dauger, G. Vardon, P. Gressens, C. Gaultier, S. de Schonen et J. Gallego. « Selected Contribution : Classical conditioning of breathing pattern after two acquisition trials in 2-day-old mice ». Journal of Applied Physiology 94, n^o 2 (1 février 2003) : 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00488.2002.

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The aim of the present study was to test whether breathing pattern conditioning may occur just after birth. We hypothesized that sensory stimuli signaling the resumption of maternal care after separation may trigger an arousal and/or orienting response accompanied with concomitant respiratory changes. We performed a conditioning experiment in 2-day-old mice by using an odor (lemon) as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and maternal care after 1 h without the mother as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Each pup underwent two acquisition trials, in which the CS was presented immediately before (experimental paired group, n = 30) or 30 min before (control unpaired group, n = 30) contact with the mother. Conditioning was tested by using noninvasive whole body plethysmography to measure the respiratory response to the CS for 1 min. We found significantly stronger respiratory responses to the CS in the experimental group than in the control group. In contrast, somatomotor activity did not differ significantly between groups. Our results confirm the sensitivity of breathing to conditioning and indirectly support the hypothesis that learned feedforward processes may complement feedback pathways during postnatal maturation of respiratory control.

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Parma, Valentina, Stephanie Macedo, Marta Rocha, Laura Alho, Jacqueline Ferreira et Sandra C. Soares. « The Effects of Emotional Visual Context on the Encoding and Retrieval of Body Odor Information ». Perception 47, n^o 4 (2 février 2018) : 451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618756811.

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Conditions during information encoding and retrieval are known to influence the sensory material stored and its recapitulation. However, little is known about such processes in olfaction. Here, we capitalized on the uniqueness of body odors (BOs) which, similar to fingerprints, allow for the identification of a specific person, by associating their presentation to a negative or a neutral emotional context. One hundred twenty-five receivers (68 F) were exposed to a male BO while watching either criminal or neutral videos (encoding phase) and were subsequently asked to recognize the target BO within either a congruent or an incongruent visual context (retrieval phase). The results showed that criminal videos were rated as more vivid, unpleasant, and arousing than neutral videos both at encoding and retrieval. Moreover, in terms of BO ratings, we found that odor intensity and arousal allow to distinguish the target from the foils when congruent criminal information is presented at encoding and retrieval. Finally, the accuracy performance was not significantly different from chance level for either condition. These findings provide insights on how olfactory memories are processed in emotional situations.

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Hierl, Katharina, Ilona Croy et Laura Schäfer. « Body Odours Sampled at Different Body Sites in Infants and Mothers—A Comparison of Olfactory Perception ». Brain Sciences 11, n^o 6 (21 juin 2021) : 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060820.

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Body odours and their importance for human chemical communication, e.g., in the mother–child relationship, are an increasing focus of recent research. Precise examination of sampling methods considering physiology and feasibility aspects in order to obtain robust and informative odour samples is therefore necessary. Studies comparing body odour sampling at different body sites are still pending. Therefore, we sampled axilla, breast, and head odour from 28 mother–infant dyads and examined whether odour perception differs with regard to the body site. The participating mothers were asked to evaluate their own and their infant’s body odour samples, as well as odours of two unfamiliar mother–infant dyads. We tested whether maternal pleasantness and intensity evaluation, as well as recognition ability of the odours differed between the body sites. In infants, the head odour exhibited slightly lower pleasantness ratings than axilla and breast, and intensity ratings did not differ between body sites. In mothers, body site affected intensity ratings but not pleasantness ratings, as the breast odour was rated as less intense compared with head and axilla. Across all body sites, mothers rated the own and their infant’s odour as less intense when compared with unfamiliar samples. Recognition ability did not differ between body sites, and in line with previous studies, mothers were able to recognize their own and their own infant’s odour above chance. In sum, our study extends the previous methodological repertoire of body odour sampling and indicates that the axilla, breast, and head of adults as well as infants serve as informative odour sources.

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Slamet, Nur Cahya Kartika, Mudawamah Mudawamah et Sumartono Sumartono. « Comparison Productivity of PE and Boer Goats Based on Body Size and Semen Macroscopic ». Jurnal Ternak 14, n^o 2 (7 janvier 2024) : 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/jt.v14i2.168.

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This study aims to provide an overview of the productivity of PE goats and Boer goats as material for determining policies and programs for goat development in Indonesia. This research was conducted on November 29, 2021-December 29, 2021 at ASP Farm, Karangploso District, Malang. The material used was body size and semen macroscopic data from 10 PE goats and 10 Boer goats. The tools used are Artificial Vagina (AV), scale tube, pH meter, meter, measuring range and measuring stick. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study observing the body size of PE goats were very significantly different from Boer goats (P<0.01). The average body length, chest circumference and shoulder height of PE goats were 88.4 cm, respectively; 92.1 cm; 90.2 cm and the male Boer goat is 76.7 cm; 87.2 cm; 79.3 cm. For the results of the macroscopic analysis of semen there was no significant difference except for the volume. For PE goats the average value of semen volume = 1.16 ml; color= 2,20; odor= 3.0; consistency = 2.40; and pH = 6.80. while the average volume of Boer goat semen = 0.96 ml; color= 2.60; odor= 3.0; consistency = 2.80; and pH= 7.0. The conclusion of this study is that PE goats are better than Boer in terms of body size and semen macroscopically.

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Dutkiewicz, Jacek K. « CELLULOSIC FIBER FOR ODOR AND PH CONTROL ». AUTEX Research Journal 6, n^o 2 (1 juin 2006) : 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2006-060204.

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Abstract A new approach to odor and pH control in medical and hygiene care applications relies on a treatment of absorbent fluff with selected enzyme inhibitors. Cellulose fiber was found to be a convenient carrier for some chemicals which modify the structure of an enzyme and/or block its active site. In an absorbent system exposed for example to body liquids containing urea, selected substances, when released from the fibrous material, can effectively slow down enzymatic hydrolysis of NH2CONH2 and suppress the emission of ammonia. An additional benefit of this technology is in this case a control of the pH of the skin environment and keeping it closer to neutral or slightly acid region. A slowdown of the ammonia emission can be enhanced by blending sodium polyacrylate-based superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particles with the modified cellulose fibers. Suitable inhibitors of urease can also be applied directly to absorbent nonwoven fabrics comprising fluff.

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Abdul-Bari, Mohammed M., Rachel H. McQueen, Ha Nguyen, Wendy V. Wismer, A. Paulina de la Mata et James J. Harynuk. « Synthetic Clothing and the Problem With Odor ». Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 36, n^o 4 (3 mai 2018) : 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x18772099.

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Although polyester is well known for smelling strongly after wear, little is known about the propensity of nylon to retain and emit body odor. In this study, we investigated whether odor intensity differed between nylon and polyester fabrics. A secondary aim was to compare odor on fabrics frozen prior to sensory assessment with fabrics stored at room temperature. Eight participants wore T-shirts with fabrics in the underarm. Odor intensity was rated by 13 assessors. Odor reduction rate (ORR) was measured using ISO 17299-3. Overall, no differences were found in odor intensity between nylon and polyester. Any differences found between the two fabrics were likely dependent on the individual who wore the fabric. The ORR was higher for nylon than polyester, indicating that nylon absorbed more odorants. There was some evidence to suggest that odor intensity could increase on nylon fabrics stored at room temperature, but this was less apparent for polyester.

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Tsepkolenko, Oleksandra V. « Olfactory dysfunction : prevalence, diagnosis and treatment ». OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY No6(4) 2021, No6(4) 2021 (30 décembre 2021) : 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2021-6-74.

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Topicality: Odors affect the vital body functions, the general psychophysiological state. The sense of smell plays an important role in regulating human behavior. For example, the olfactory impulse reaches the brain faster than the impulse of pain, and therefore very effectively regulates us, regardless of awareness. Odors can change the work of various body systems: they affect the rhythm of our breathing, the excitability of muscles, the work of the brain and the entire nervous system. The sense of smell affects the limbic system, the part of the brain that controls hunger, feelings of aggression, sexual emotions and other "animal" feelings of a person. OD violates the informational and controlling roles of odorous substances (attractants, repellents, pheromones), therefore disorganizing the performance of nutritional, sexual, protective, orientation functions. For people of some specialties (taster, perfumer, cook), the decrease in the sense of smell can mean job loss and social maladaptation. Complaints about problems with taste perception more often reflect violations of the sense of smell, since the taste of a number of foods (chocolate, coffee, vanilla, strawberries, etc.) in reality depends on the stimulation of the sense of smell by volatile components that enter the nasopharynx when swallowing. Aim: To offer an otorhinolaryngologist guidance in the information stream regarding the problem of olfactory dysfunction, its prevalence, diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods: The Sniffin’ Sticks test (CST) has been certified in the EU since 1995, and is used in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. Odors are offered in the form of markers, in which the odorous substance takes the place of the coloring one. There is a version with 16 odors from the extended test [extendid] or with 12 odors [screening]. The test is well validated, can, unlike CCSIT, be used repeatedly, the shelf life is 0.5-1 year, depending on the intensity of application. The test can be used by patients independently. The study consists of 3 stages: threshold test (THR) – determination of the minimum odor concentration that the patient feels; discrimination test (D) is aimed at identifying the patient's ability to distinguish odors; identification test (I) for odor recognition. "University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test" (UPSIT) – the test is used exclusively to identify 40 odors (some of them are little known outside of North America). Odorous substances are microcapsulated on paper in the form of a rectangle and are released as a result of friction when held over it with a simple pencil. The patient is given 4 possible answers. Normally, a healthy man correctly identifies 34-40 odors, a healthy woman – 35-40. If the subject scores 18 or less, it is considered that he has a complete loss of sense of smell. The test system is a single-use and expensive. Digital volumetric tomography (CT). The visualization of the olfactory cleft, the upper nasal concha, and the configuration of the olfactory groove (OJ) turned out to be informative. Results and discussions: The review discusses the unique properties of OE and the potential use of olfactory epithelial grafts to restore olfactory function. Permanent population of multipotent stem cells proliferating throughout the life of the organism is located in the mammal OE. The cells formed during division go through several stages of differentiation and replace the dying olfactory receptor neurons. Neural stem cells were isolated from the olfactory region of the mucous membrane of humans, rats and mice. It is this population of neural stem cells that is being investigated as an autologous material for transplantation and the future use of olfactory transplants as a potential method of restoring the sense of smell. OE survives when transplanted to various areas of the brain, can be grafted directly to OL. Conclusions: A new direction in the treatment of OD is associated with cell therapy technologies, for example, using platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma in which the concentration of platelets is several times higher than normal. The term PRP is legitimate at a concentration of 700 thousand to 1 million platelets in 1 ml of plasma (the physiological plasma concentration of platelets is (180-360) x109 per liter). PRP is used to accelerate tissue regeneration, reduce scarring, stimulate angiogenesis, as well as a local antiseptic. The spectrum of pharmacological action of PRP is determined by growth factors: platelet growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epithelial growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF). The active secretion of these growth factors by platelets begins within 10 minutes after activation (activation can be stimulated by almost any environmental disturbance, up to a simple mechanical stress), while more than 95% of the previously synthesized growth factors are secreted within 1 hour.

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Liu, Chuanjun, Yudai Furusawa et Kenshi Hayashi. « Development of a fluorescent imaging sensor for the detection of human body sweat odor ». Sensors and Actuators B : Chemical 183 (juillet 2013) : 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.03.111.

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Gazali, Mohamad, Nurjanah Nurjanah, Amir Husni, Chairun Nufus, Bintan Rahma Aulia, Citra Dina Febrina et Rina Syafitri. « The Potential Secondary Metabolites of Macroalgae Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (1824) from the coast of West Aceh as Raw Material of Body Scrub ». Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 24, n^o 2 (14 décembre 2022) : 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.70504.

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Sargassum polycystum is one brown seaweed with a rich alginate source. The previous study showed that S. polycystum could be used as a cosmeceutical raw material because of its natural attribute and safe. S. polycystum always grows in many coastal of Indonesia. This study aims to characterise brown seaweed (S. polycystum) as the raw material of the body scrub. The research method includes the extraction, phytochemical assay, antioxidant assay, and total phenolic content-the phytochemical screening-detected alkaloid and steroid compounds in S. polycystum extract. The antioxidant activity by using the CUPRAC method showed the ethanol extract was 53.55±1.07 µM/g and FRAP was 201.95±6.33 µM/g with total phenolic content was 177.647±21.39 Mg GAE/g. We compared the antioxidant capacity of the body scrub by adding brown seaweed of S. polycystum 7% (S7) used the CUPRAC method was 34.23±0.33 µM/g, and FRAP was 124.05±1.87 µM/g with total phenolic content was 416.31±78.44 Mg GAE/g. Kruskal Wallis's analysis showed that adding brown seaweed S. polycystum with different formulas influenced the panellist's preference for smearing ability, odor, texture, colour, and consistency parameters. According to the Mean rank obtained, the level of preferences of the panellists was gained from product S7 namely body scrub with the addition of brown seaweed S. polycystum as much as 7%. It is indicated that the brown seaweed S. polycystum possesses potentially body scrub raw material that is prospective in the cosmeceutical industry.

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Schmelz, Helmut, et Max Geraedts. « Kosten-Erlös-Verhältnis orthopädisch-unfallchirurgischer Patienten in Abhängigkeit vom Body-Mass-Index ». Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie 156, n^o 05 (14 juin 2018) : 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0608-5343.

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Immer mehr Patienten in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie sind adipös. Damit gehen unter anderem erhöhte Operationsrisiken, aber auch höhere Kosten zum Beispiel für verlängerte Krankenhausaufenthalte oder spezielle Operationstische einher. Fraglich ist, inwiefern die im deutschen DRG-System erzielten Erlöse die individuellen Kosten in Abhängigkeit vom Body Mass Index (BMI) der Patienten decken und in welchen Bereichen der stationären Versorgung eventuell höhere Kosten anfallen. Material und Methoden Aus dem Krankenhausinformationssystem eines maximalversorgenden Krankenhauses wurden die Daten zum BMI und den individuellen Kosten und Erlösen zu 13 833 zwischen 2007 – 2010 an den unteren oder oberen Extremitäten operierten Patienten extrahiert. Unterschiede zwischen den Kosten-Erlös-Verhältnissen in Abhängigkeit vom BMI der Patienten und den jeweiligen Operationslokalisationen sowie bei der Verteilung der Kosten auf die verschiedenen Kostenartengruppen in Abhängigkeit vom BMI der Patienten wurden mithilfe von T- und U-Tests statistisch abgesichert. Ergebnisse Die in orthopädisch-unfallchirurgischen Kliniken anfallenden individuellen Kosten der Versorgung von Patienten mit einem Adipositasgrad III (BMI ≥ 40) sowie von Patienten mit Untergewicht (BMI < 18,5) übersteigen oftmals signifikant (p < 0,05) die individuellen Erlöse aus dem DRG-System. Signifikant höhere Kosten ließen sich bei allen Eingriffen an den unteren bzw. oberen Extremitäten außer bei Eingriffen am Sprunggelenk nachweisen, bei denen arthroskopische Eingriffe überwiegen. Der Großteil dieser Mehrkosten resultiert aus einem erhöhten Ressourcenverbrauch im Bereich des pflegerischen Personals, bei Arzneimitteln und bei Sachkosten für übrigen medizinischen Bedarf. Beim ärztlichen- und Funktionsdienst waren keine Kostensteigerungen in Abhängigkeit vom BMI erkennbar. Schlussfolgerung Um eine gewichtsabhängige Diskriminierung von Patienten zu vermeiden, sollten die Erlöse für die nicht gedeckten Kosten bei stark über- und untergewichtigen Patienten, die an der unteren oder oberen Extremität operiert werden, über eine Vergütungsanpassung nachgebessert werden. Zudem sollten sich Kliniken auf diese Patienten organisatorisch vorbereiten.

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Baecker, Dirk. « »Swoosh«, oder Das Rauschen der E-Mail ». Zeitschrift für Kulturphilosophie 2018, n^o 1 (2018) : 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000108147.

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Referring to MacOS’s »swoosh« as the signal of a successfully sent E-Mail the paper looks into the contribution of cultural values to communication with invisible machines. This contribution can be assessed within the context of Talcott Parsons’ action theory which addresses culture as one of four functional aspects of any one action (L), the other three being adaptation to physical, material, and technical environment (A), reference to the goal-attainment of both organism and personality (G), and the integration into, and differentiation from, other action (I). The swoosh signals an »infrathin«, i.e. fleeting, connection of black boxes like machine, body, consciousness, and society being interrelated orthogonally. A culture develops, which momentarily leaves open the question whether or what controls whom or what, even though the calculi of computation themselves are becoming ever more incomputable

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Schäfer, Laura, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Jürgen Sauter, Alexander H. Schmidt et Ilona Croy. « Body odours as a chemosignal in the mother–child relationship : new insights based on an human leucocyte antigen-genotyped family cohort ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 375, n^o 1800 (20 avril 2020) : 20190266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0266.

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Mothers are able to identify the body odour (BO) of their own child and prefer this smell above other BOs. It has hence been assumed that the infantile BO functions as a chemosignal promoting targeted parental care. We tested this hypothesis and examined whether children's BOs signal genetic similarity and developmental status to mothers. In addition, we assessed whether BOs facilitate inbreeding avoidance (Westermarck effect). In a cross-sectional design, N = 164 mothers participated with their biological children ( N = 226 children, aged 0–18 years) and evaluated BO probes of their own and four other, sex-matched children. Those varied in age and in genetic similarity, which was assessed by human leucocyte antigen profiling. The study showed not only that mothers identified and preferred their own child's BO, but also that genetic similarity and developmental status are transcribed in BOs. Accordingly, maternal preference of their own child's odour changes throughout development. Our data partly supported the Westermarck effect: mothers' preference of pubertal boys' BOs was negatively related to testosterone for the own son, but not for unfamiliar children. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Olfactory communication in humans’.

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Siuta, Jędrzej, Agnieszka Dobosz, Jerzy Kawecki et Tadeusz Dobosz. « DNA Content of Various Fluids and Tissues of the Human Body ». Genes 15, n^o 1 (21 décembre 2023) : 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15010017.

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Due to the scarcity of literature data on the DNA content of different human tissues, this study aimed to isolate DNA from different tissues and fluids of the human body together with the determination of its content in the samples studied. Material was collected and tests were performed between 1990 and 2010, during autopsies performed for prosecutor’s offices in the Department of Forensic Medicine. Goiter and thyroid cancer tissues were obtained from the Department of General Surgery, Gastroenterology and Endocrinology of Wroclaw Medical University. Isolated samples were measured spectrophotometrically, yielding an R 260/280 nm between 1.5 and 1.6. In some cases (when a sufficiently pure preparation could not be obtained), isolation was continued using the silica-based commercial QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). If the sampling tissues showed signs of decomposition such as bad odour or colour, the results were calibrated by Real-Time PCR, using the Quantifiler DNA assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Applied Biosystems). The results have shown that the maximum amount of genetic material was obtained from hair roots, adrenal glands, gonads and lymph nodes. The lowest DNA content per gram or milliliter of tissue or body fluid was found in adipose tissue, blood, saliva, bile, sweat, tears and the vitreous body of the eye. The presented findings indicate the best sources of high-quality DNA from the human body: gonads, kidneys, muscle (including heart), blood and bones (after decalcification).

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Jovanović, Petar, Biljana Pajin, Ante Lončarić, Antun Jozinović, Jovana Petrović, Aleksandar Fišteš, Danica Zarić, Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac, Đurđica Ačkar et Ivana Lončarević. « Whey as a Carrier Material for Blueberry Bioactive Components : Incorporation in White Chocolate ». Sustainability 14, n^o 21 (30 octobre 2022) : 14172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114172.

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White chocolate is considered an unhealthier product than dark and milk chocolate due to the absence of cocoa solids containing polyphenols and other valuable components such as minerals and dietary fiber. This paper aimed to improve the nutritional value of white chocolate (C) by adding blueberry bioactive compounds. Since natural polyphenols are easily degradable because of their sensitivity, whey, as a rich source of proteins, was used as a material for encapsulating blueberry juice. Whey proteins protect blueberry anthocyanins and increase their bioaccessibility in the human body. Blueberry juice encapsulates (B) were added to white chocolate, replacing 8% (C-B8) and 10% (C-B10) of white chocolate mass. Blueberry encapsulates significantly (p < 0.05) increased the viscosity of chocolates (from 0.63 Pa·s in C to 1.13 Pa·s in C-B8 and 1.40 Pa·s in C-B10) with no significant impact on their melting peak. Both enriched chocolates had significantly (p < 0.05) higher protein and dietary fiber content and lower fat content than white chocolate. The total polyphenol content increased 3.7-fold, while antioxidant capacity increased 5.2-fold in C-B10. The oxidation stability, determined by pressurized accelerated oxidation, was also improved in enriched chocolates. Blueberry juice encapsulated in whey positively influenced the color and sensory characteristics of fortified white chocolates, where C-B10 had higher sensory scores for blueberry odor and taste than C-B8. The obtained results open up a possible pathway and indicate opportunities and limitations for the incorporation of other materials, such as various dietary/fruit components, in white chocolate.

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Winter, M., J. Winter, A. Heinzel, F. F. Behrendt, T. Krohn, F. M. Mottaghy et F. A. Verburg. « Timing of post 131I ablation diagnostic whole body scan in differentiated thyroid cancer patients ». Nuklearmedizin 54, n^o 04 (2015) : 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0733-15-03.

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ZusammenfassungZiel: Beantwortung der Frage, ob drei Monate nach 131I-Ablation als zu früh für eine diagnostische Radioiod-Ganzkörperszintigraphie (dxWBS) bei Patienten mit einem differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom (DTC) anzusehen sind. Patienten, Material, Methode: Daten von 462 DTC-Patienten, die in unserem Klinikum behandelt worden waren, wurden analysiert. Alle Patienten wurden thyreoid ektomiert. Von 129 Patienten waren folgende Daten verfügbar a) eine dxWBS mit gleichzeitiger TSH-stimulierter Thyreoglobulin-Messung, die innerhalb von vier Monaten (max. 120 Tage) nach 131I-Ablation durchgeführt wurde ohne weitere therapeutische Maßnahmen zwischen Ablation und dxWBS, b) eine zweite dxWBS oder 131I-Therapie (rxWBS), die innerhalb von 1,5 Jahren nach Ablation durchgeführt wurde. Ergebnisse: Bei 25/129 Patienten stimmten die Ergebnisse der initialen und weiteren Scans nicht überein: Bei 15 von 54 Patienten (27%) mit einem positiven initialen dxWBS widersprachen diese Ergebnisse dem zweiten dxWBS oder rxWBS. Neue Läsionen wurden bei 10/74 (14%) Patienten mit einem initial negativen dxWBS entdeckt. Eine Diskordanz zwischen dem ersten und weiteren in der Nachsorge gemessenen stimulierten Tg-Werten wurde in 5/129 (4%) der Patienten gefunden: Bei 2/90 (2%) Patienten mit einer negativen ersten stimulierten Tg-Bestimmung wurde nachfolgend ein positives Ergebnis gefunden. Bei 3/29 (10%) Patienten mit einer positiven ersten Bestimmung wurde bei der zweiten Untersuchung ein negatives Ergebnis festgestellt. Schlussfolgerung: Weniger als vier Monate nach 131I-Ablation ist zu früh für eine diagnostische Radioiod-Ganzkörperszintigraphie mit zeitgleich TSH-stimulierter Tg-Messung. Die Ermittlung des richtigen späteren Zeitpunkts erfordert weitere Untersuchungen.Das Zeitintervall zwischen 131I Ablation und diagnostischer Ganzkörperszintigraphie bei Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom Weniger als vier Monate nach Ablation dürfte zu früh sein

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Haq, KM Reza Ul, Refat Tabassum, Shoriful Islam, Asif Imran Siddiqui, Mohammad Arman Zahed Basunia, Russel Ahmed Khan Lodi, Mithun Kumar Paul et Md Amirul Islam. « Large Foreign Body in Nose in Adult for a Long Time : A Rare Case ». Delta Medical College Journal 7, n^o 1 (19 mars 2019) : 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v7i1.40620.

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Otolaryngologists frequently encounter nasal foreign bodies, particularly among children and mentally retarded patients. Many unusual foreign bodies in the nose have been reported like nuts, plastic toy parts, beads and even button batteries. Several symptoms may be present in the case of a nasal foreign body which includes nasal discharge, epistaxis, infection, halitosis, foul breath or body odour and chronic sinusitis. We present a case of 19 years old girl with left sided nasal blockage, foul smell from left nostril and mouth with occasional nasal bleeding for last 13 years. She was treated conservatively but was not improved. On anterior rhinoscopy some blackish material covered with exudates was revealed which was very foul smelling and bleeds on touch. After nasoendoscopy we suspected that it would be an old foreign body which had already formed rhinolith. The large foreign body was fixed with floor, lateral and medial wall (nasal septum) and was removed by 0˚nasoendoscope and also through oral cavity under general anaesthesia. Delta Med Col J. Jan 2019 7(1): 49-52

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Kaliky, Nurainy. « THE EFFECT OF SUBJECTIVE ANALYSIS ON THE QUALITY OF RED SNAPPER BONE MEAL (LUTJANUS SP) ». International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Literature 1, n^o 4 (2 juillet 2022) : 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53067/ijomral.v1i4.47.

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Fishbones are fishery waste that can be processed and utilized into economic value products, namely fishbone meals. One fish whose bones can be used as a fishbone meal is the red snapper (Lutjanus sp). As the primary raw material for making fishbone meals, the bones of red snapper (Lutjanus sp) are rich in calcium mineral salts such as calcium phosphate and phosphorus. Calcium is a mineral that is needed by the human body. Calcium is perfect for babies, children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Calcium deficiency can cause osteoporosis. This study aims to utilize fish bone waste to have economic value and provide information to the public about fishbone meals rich in calcium minerals. This study used an experimental method with two replications. The results showed an increase in the color, texture, and odor of bone meal of red snapper (Lutjanus sp). While the Diversity Analysis (ANOVA) test showed no significant effect on each parameter

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Aleksiichuk, О. Yu, V. S. Tkachishin, V. Ye Kondratyuk, О. M. Arustamyan et I. V. Dumka. « Poisoning from tellurium and its toxic compounds in industry ». EMERGENCY MEDICINE 17, n^o 6 (10 janvier 2022) : 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.17.6.2021.242321.

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Tellurium has been primarily used in the steel industry for the past 40 years. This material is used for the manufacture of solar cells, lasers, photoresistors, and counters of radioactive radiation. Cadmium tellurium batteries are the second most popular solar technology. Another important application of tellurium is in the manufacture of thermoelectric generators. In the metallurgical industry, tellurium is used as an additive to metals and alloys. Tellurium and its compounds enter the body mainly through the respiratory system, as well as through the mouth and skin. Penetration into the body through the respiratory tract causes nausea, bronchitis, and pneumonia. The tellurium compounds are restored to elementary tellurium or amenable to methylation (methyl telluride has a characteristic garlic odor; it is less toxic than tellurium) in the body. Tellurium is excreted through the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. Methyl telluride is excreted from the body partially with exhaled air and with sweat. For the diagnosis of acute heavy metal poisoning, blood is mainly used. The use of updated algorithm-criteria for assessing the severity of clinical manifestations of systemic organ toxicity of poisons provides an appropriate level of diagnosis of disorders of vital body functions. Treatment of such patients should include antidote and symptomatic therapy depending on the severity of clinical manifestations. To prevent the development of telluric intoxication, first of all, it is necessary to apply maximum sealing and automation of production processes. It is also necessary to introduce ventilation in production facilities and to carry out preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers without fail. The use of personal protective equipment is also required.

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M., Mamatha. « A Review on Activated Carbon : Preparation, Characterization and Applications ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, n^o 8 (31 août 2023) : 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55201.

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Abstract: Charcoal has been used as an adsorbent material since ancient times. Its activation enhances the adsorbing capacity of the carbon and multiplies it manyfold. Activated carbon has proven to be very useful for removing impurities such as toxic metals, heavy metals, corrosive products, colour, odour, toxins, etc. from water, soil, air, the human body, and so on. The use of activated carbon is unlimited and dates back to very ancient times. It is cited in medicines and purification processes in Vedic and Egyptian literature. This paper describes in detail the various materials used by many researchers for the preparation of activated carbon. The other important parameters that are discussed in the paper are activating agents, activation temperature, carbonization, effect of various parameters, characterization techniques, etc. The paper also deals with the applications of activated carbon described by many authors in the purification and removal of impurities from various industrial effluents. The use of agro wastes as precursors for activated carbon material is mainly emphasized in the present study to make the material cheap and the purification process cost-effective.

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Hoyer, Anton, et Eckhart Uhlmann. « Dynamik beim Bürstspanen/Dynamics in abrasive brushing – Dynamic tool behavior during brushing with bound abrasives ». wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, n^o 07-08 (2020) : 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-07-08-22.

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In dieser Forschungsarbeit wurde untersucht, unter welchen Bedingungen beim Einsatz von Rundbürsten dynamisches Werkzeugverhalten auftritt und ob es gezielt eingestellt oder sogar zur Steigerung von Materialabtrennungsrate und Produktivität eingesetzt werden kann. Stellgrößen, die für das Auftreten von Dynamik entscheidend sind, wurden mit einer Mehrkörpersimulation für einzelne Schleiffilamente ermittelt und anhand von technologischen Untersuchungen mit Rundbürstwerkzeugen validiert.   This research paper analyzes under which circumstances dynamic tool behavior of circular brushes is occurring and whether it can be attained deliberately or even utilized for the increase of material removal rate and productivity. Parameters which are relevant for the occurrence of dynamics were determined using a multi-body simulation for single abrasive filaments and validated on the basis of technological investigations with circular brush tools.

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Hosoda, Shugo, Yumi Kawazoe, Toshikazu Shiba, Satoshi Numazawa et Atsufumi Manabe. « Anti-Obesity Effect of Ginkgo Vinegar, a Fermented Product of Ginkgo Seed Coat, in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet and 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Cells ». Nutrients 12, n^o 1 (16 janvier 2020) : 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010230.

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Ginkgo seed coat is rarely used and is typically discarded, due to its offensive odor and its toxicity. Ginkgo vinegar is a fermented product of ginkgo seed coat, and fermentation removes the bad smell and most of the toxicity. Thus, ginkgo vinegar contains very low concentrations of toxic components. The present study examined the anti-obesity effect of ginkgo vinegar in mice fed a high-fat diet and its inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Ginkgo vinegar suppressed high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and reduced the size of fat cells in mice. Ginkgo vinegar suppressed the expression of C/EBPδ and PPARγ, key proteins in adipogenesis, and inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells that were induced to become adipocytes. These results suggested that ginkgo vinegar inhibited adipocyte differentiation. On the other hand, a corresponding concentration of acetic acid had significantly less effect on lipid accumulation and virtually no effect on adipogenic gene expression. These results suggested that, similar to Ginkgo biloba extract, ginkgo vinegar might prevent and improve adiposity. Therefore, ginkgo seed coat could be a useful material for medicinal ingredients.

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De Melo, Aline Moreira Portella, Lidiane Fagundes da Silva Monteiro, Roberto Germano Costa, Valdi De Lima Junior, Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros, Rita de Cássia R. E. Queiroga, Neila Lidiany Ribeiro, Rubén Domínguez, Paulo E. S. Munekata et José M. Lorenzo. « Quality of Santa Inês × Dorper sheep meat submitted to different levels of inclusion of sunflower cake ». Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 20, n^o 3 (1 août 2022) : e0608. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-19173.

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Aim of study: To evaluate the physicochemical and sensory quality of meat from Santa Inês × Dorper lambs fed diets with increasing levels of sunflower cake. Area of study: Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil). Material and methods: Twenty-four castrated lambs (initial weight of 18.9 ± 2.17 kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 5, 10 and 15% sunflower cake in diet) with six repetitions and kept in confinement until reaching the average body weight of 32.1 ± 2.6 kg. The Longissimus lumborum muscle was used for proximate composition and physicochemical analyzes, and the Semimembranosus muscle was used for pH (after 24 h of slaughter) and sensory analysis assays. Main results: The increasing levels of sunflower cake did not affect the composition or physicochemical properties. Sensory analysis also did not reveal significant differences in meat obtained from animals in different diets. Principal Components Analysis indicated that juiciness, color, odor and flavor were positioned opposite to protein, texture, and ash. Research highlights: The use of sunflower cake in diets for crossbred sheep Dorper × Santa Inês as soybean meal and corn replacer, up to 15% inclusion of soybean meal and corn, does not affect the proximate composition, physicochemical or sensory characteristics of the meat.

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Yuliaswati, Enny. « UNIFIKASI THIBBUN NABAWI REBUSAN SIRIH HIJAU PADA IBU PASCA SALIN DENGAN ROBEKAN PERINEUM DI PKD SRI REJEKI PLUPUH SRAGEN ». GEMASSIKA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, n^o 1 (28 mai 2020) : 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30787/gemassika.v4i1.566.

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Background: Lack of cleanliness in the genetal area is a problem that is commonly found in post-saline mothers especially with perineal tears. Care for the genetal area of the puerperal mother is important because it can prevent odor and accelerate the healing of the perineum. The presence of injuries to body tissues is very risky of infection. The potential for infection in the perineum because the perineum in the puerperal mother is a moist area. Nursing perineal sutures using green betel stew is effective to speed up the drying of the stitches. Purpose: Community service is to increase knowledge about perineal suture care using green betel stew. Method: This service was carried out for one month in the form of health promotion through home visits to perform perineal care with seams with green betel stew. interactive discussion with material about how to early detect cervical cancer. Results: Based on observations during community service activities, several positive results were obtained, such as: 1). Postpartum mothers with perineal sutures consisting of 12 postpartum mothers. 2). Community service participants gave positive responses. 3) The healing period of perineal suture occurs within 4-5 days. The conclusion of this activity is health promotion with home visits can increase knowledge about how to care for perineal sutures. Keywords: perineum rupture; green betel stew; health promotion

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Middha, Deepak, et Archna Negi. « Masseur : A Therapist or Sexual Abuser ». Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 8, n^o 1 (15 juin 2022) : 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.8122.1.

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Massage therapy is the scientific manipulation of the soft tissues of the body by applying pressure, holding & moving muscles and body tissues. This therapy releases stress and advance the function and health of the body. This therapy involves an element of trusts from massage therapists but in recent years there have been a rise in number of sexual assault by massage therapist. The therapist during massage therapy maliciously touches or passes demeaning comments to partially dressed customers. The clients after the incident do not come forward to register a complaint and some victims even feel ashamed to discuss as if they did something wrong or invited the sexual assault. Moreover, the investigating agencies are also facing difficulties in ascertaining the sexual assault charges as several cases regarding sexual assault in massage parlors are still lying pending with many laboratories due to unavailability of facilities or appropriate scientific methods. Hence, need of the hour is to unequivocally establish a technique for analysis of massage oil related sexual assault cases. In this paper inner wears of victim were analysed by two techniques i.e. ATR-FTIR and GC-MS. Various fragrance additives of massage oil alongwith some other chemical components including lignan, phytosterols, triterpene, sesquiterpene, antioxidant, saturated fatty acid, di-ester and skin conditioning agent that were originally contributed from the body odour & cosmetics/perfumery products of victim on her inner wears were detected. This research publication does have societal outreach as it makes the public at large aware about these unreported & hidden sexual crime committed by massage therapist under the guise of massage in massage parlors and delineate an urgency to apprehend these massage therapist. Their wrongful act in the guise of massage can be proved scientifically and can put them behind the bar.

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Batan, I. Made Londen, Rodika et Muhamad Riva'i. « Three Wheel Bike as Physical Therapy Equipment for Post-Stroke Patient ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 776 (juillet 2015) : 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.776.337.

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Three wheel bike as a physical therapy equipment for post-stroke patients was designed with length of 1937 mm, 1010 mm in width and height of 905 mm. The bike is designd ergonomic and can be driven by rider foot or hand simultaneously. By using CATIA software the strength of material bike frame was analyst to support 100 kg of load. The design is realized into a prototype. The performance of bike prototype is tested, and the result sows that the function of bike mechanisme is fulfilled. By 10 respondents, who have a standard body mass index, the pedal test was conducted, and the result indicates that, the higher the speed of the pedal, the higher the energy consumption to pedaling. Leg tension muscles is measured by leg-dynamometer before and after pedaling, and the result shows the tension muscle is proportional to the increase of pedal speed. In order to evaluate the ergonomic aspect of bike design, the risk angle of extrem position of body during cycling are measured by goneo-set. By RULA method the risk of injury value of rider body is calculated while pedaling, and the result showed that 70% of respondents have a value of risk injury 2, while 30% had a value of 3. It means that, the bike design is ergonomic and comfortable to ride. In oder to evaluate the benefits of disigned bike, the pedal test is conducted by 4 post-stroke patients for 30 days periodical once every 3 days. The result shows that during 1 month exercise, the average number of cycling to pedal increase up to 100%. This means that the ability of post-stroke patients to pedal the bike increase significantly. That result showed that the bike design is useful as a tool for physical therapy post-stroke patients.

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Ivankovic, Tomislav, Antonija Rajic, Sanja Ercegovic Razic, Sabine Rolland du Roscoat et Zenun Skenderi. « Antibacterial Properties of Non-Modified Wool, Determined and Discussed in Relation to ISO 20645:2004 Standard ». Molecules 27, n^o 6 (14 mars 2022) : 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061876.

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Wool is considered to possibly exhibit antibacterial properties due to the ability of wool clothing to reduce the build-up of odor, which arises from the microbial activity of skin microbiota. Indeed, when tested with a widely used agar diffusion plate test method, even wool or other textiles not treated with any antimicrobial agent can be interpreted to show certain antibacterial effects due to the lack of growth under the specimen, as instructed in ISO 20645:2004 standard. Therefore, we analyzed in detail what happens to bacterial cells in contact with untreated wool and cotton fabric placed on inoculated agar plates by counting viable cells attached to the specimens after 1 and 24 h of contact. All wool and several cotton samples showed no growth under the specimen. Nevertheless, it was shown without a doubt that neither textile material kills bacteria or inhibits cell multiplication. A reasonable explanation is that bacterial cells firmly attach to wool fibers forming a biofilm during multiplication. When the specimen was lifted off the nutrient agar surface, the cells in the form of biofilm remained attached to the wool fibers, removing the biomass and resulting in a clear, no growth zone underneath it. By imaging the textile specimens with X-ray microtomography, we concluded that the degree of attachment could be dependent on surface topography. The results indicate that certain textiles, in this case, wool, could exhibit antibacterial properties by removing excess bacteria that grow on the textile/skin interface when taken off the body.

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KONAN, SERAPHIN N'DRI, Yéo Sounta Oumar, Traoré Lanciné, Kouamé Bosson Antoine, MamyrBékova-Békro Janat Akhanovna et Békro Yves-Alain. « CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA HARVESTED IN THE REGION OF THE MOUNTAIN DISTRICT OF CÔTE D'IVOIRE. » Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 5, n^o 1 (1 juin 2022) : 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v5i1.4.

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Introduction: The aromatic plants have occupied an important place in the daily life of man. The excessive and repetitive use of drugs has led the body to develop resistance to their curative effects. Many authors have focused on the study of the therapeutic properties of essential oils in order to provide new remedies. They are used as a source of bioactive molecules of natural origin. Objective: The objective of this work is to contribute to the valorization of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Ivorian flora. We propose to determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the antioxidant activity by spectrophotometry of the essential oil. Materials and Methods: The plant material consists of the leafy twigs of C. odorata. The technical of steam distillation using a four-compartment stainless steel device was used to extract the essential oil from the plant matrix. The analysis of the essential oils was carried out on a GC chromatograph (7890A, Agilent Technologies) coupled to a mass spectrometer (5975C, Agilent Technologies). The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated using the Blois method. Results: The essential oil obtained by steaming, with an aromatic odor and pale green color has a yield of (0.082 ± 0.004) %. Analysis of the chromatogram and mass spectra identified 24 phytocompounds (99.92%). The phytochemical composition is dominated by hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (44.21%) followed by hydrocarbon monoterpenes (29.48%) and other compounds (26.23%). The major compound are α-pinene (17.79%), 6-propen-1-enylbicyclo [3.1.0] and hexan-2-one (14.95%) . Conclusion: The essential oil extract of C. odorata exhibits low antioxidant activity compared to vitamin C.

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Dalahmeh, Sahar S., Lars D. Hylander, Björn Vinnerås, Mikael Pell, Ingrid Öborn et Håkan Jönsson. « Potential of organic filter materials for treating greywater to achieve irrigation quality : a review ». Water Science and Technology 63, n^o 9 (1 mai 2011) : 1832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.387.

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The objectives of this literature review were to: (i) evaluate the impact of greywater generated in rural communities, with the emphasis on Jordanian conditions, on soil, plant and public health and assess the need for treatment of this greywater before it is used for irrigation, and (ii) assess the potential of different types of organic by-products as carrier material in different filter units for removal of pollutants from greywater. Greywater with high BOD5, COD, high concentrations of SS, fat, oil and grease and high levels of surfactants is commonly found in rural areas in Jordan. Oxygen depletion, odour emission, hydrophobic soil phenomena, plant toxicity, blockage of piping systems and microbiological health risks are common problems associated with greywater without previous treatment. Organic by-products such as wood chips, bark, peat, wheat straw and corncob may be used as carrier material in so-called mulch filters for treating wastewater and greywater from different sources. A down-flow-mode vertical filter is a common setup used in mulch filters. Wastewaters with a wide range of SS, cBOD5 and COD fed into different mulch filters have been studied. The different mulch materials achieved SS removal ranging between 51 and 91%, a BOD5 reduction range of 55–99.9%, and COD removal of 51–98%. Most types of mulches achieved a higher organic matter removal than that achieved by an ordinary septic tank. Bark, peat and wood chips filters removed organic matter better than sand and trickling filters, under similar conditions. Release of filter material and increase in COD in the effluent was reported using some mulch materials. In conclusion, some mulch materials such as bark, peat and woodchips seem to have a great potential for treatment of greywater in robust, low-tech systems. They can be expected to be resilient in dealing with variable low and high organic loads and shock loads.

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Adugna, Amare T., Harinaivo A. Andrianisa, Yacouba Konate, Awa Ndiaye et Amadou H. Maiga. « Greywater treatment by vermifiltration for sub-Saharan urban poor ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, n^o 4 (11 août 2014) : 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.021.

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The treatment of greywater collected from an urban slum area of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, by vermifiltration (VF) was investigated using locally available sawdust as bedding material and Eudrilus eugeniae earthworm. The filtration system was made up of layers of sand, and fine and coarse gravel from the top to the bottom, which was spread inside a cylindrical DN200-PVC pipe. The fine sawdust and density of 6370 worms/m2 were added while the same filtration system without earthworms was used as an experimental control. Batch experiments were conducted at ambient temperature, with hydraulic loading rate of 64 and 191 L m−2 d−1. The raw greywater was highly concentrated with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) varying from 690 to 2200 mg/L and pH varying from 4.37 to 7.32. The results showed that Eudrilus eugeniae were able to tolerate temperatures above 40 °C and avoided odour and clogging problems inside the filter. The removal efficiencies of BOD5, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms were better in the vermifilter than in the control system. Moreover, the pH at the exit of the system was close to neutral. Therefore, VF could be applied as an alternative low-cost technology to treat greywater for the urban poor in hot climate areas.

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Gemala, Mega, Roni Saputra et Anes Hardi Cusinia. « Efektifitas Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum), Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantiifolia) dan Temulawak (urcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) sebagai Repelen Tikus Got (Rattus norvegicus) ». Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia 21, n^o 3 (6 octobre 2022) : 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.21.3.344-349.

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Latar belakang: Bahan penolak tikus telah dikembangkan dan dicoba dalam berbagai penelitian. Salah satu bahan penolak tikus yaitu minyak atsiri yang memiliki bau khas menyengat. Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum), kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantiifolia) dan temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) mengandung minyak atsiri dan dapat menimbulkan bau khas menyengat, sehingga diasumsikan juga dapat digunakan sebagai penolak tikus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Mempelajari efektifitas tanaman cengkeh, kulit jeruk nipis dan temulawak sebagai repelensi tikus.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest (pretest-posttest design). Penelitian dilakukan pada 2 sampel tikus pada setiap bahan repelen yang diamati setiap hari selama 5 hari. Efektifitas repelen diukur berdasarkan sisa pakan tikus dan pengurangan berat badan tikus. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama bulan November tahun 2021.Hasil: hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kemampuan repelensi dari tanaman cengkeh, kulit jeruk nipis dan temulawak jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol berturut-turut adalah 100%, 53% dan 57% yang dilihat selama 5 hari penelitian. Sedangkan berdasarkan pengurangan berat badan tikus, tikus pada kendang percobaan diberi campuran pakan dengan repelen cengkeh, kulit jeruk nipis dan temulawak yang diblender mengalami pengurangan berat badan secara berturut-turut sebanyak 31% , 25% dan 27% dari berat badan tikus semula. Simpulan: Cengkeh adalah yang paling efektif sebagai repelensi tikus dengan tingkat repelensi 100%, penurunan berat badan 31% dari berat tikus semula dan tidak dikonsumsinya pakan yang di campur repelen cengkeh. ABSTRACTTitle: The Effectiveness of Cloves (Syzygium Aromaticum ), Lime Peel (Citrus aurantiifolia) and Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb ) in Control of Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus)Background: Various studies have developed and tried ingredients of rat repellent. One of the ingredients is an essential oil with a characteristic tightening odor. Plants such as cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), lime peel (Citrus aurantiifolia), and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) contain essential oil. They can cause a characteristic pungent odor, so it is assumed that they can also be used as rat repellent agents. This research aimed to study the effectiveness of clove plants, lime peel, and temulawak as a repellent for rats.Method: This study used an experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design (pretest-posttest design). The study was conducted on 2 rat samples on each repellent material observed daily for 5 days. The effectiveness of the repellent was measured based on the rest of the rat feed and the reduction in the body weight of the rats. This research was conducted in November 2021.Result: The results showed that the repellent ability of clove plants, lime peel, and temulawak compared to successive controls was 100%, 53%, and 57% seen during the 5 days of the study. Meanwhile, based on the weight reduction of rats, rats in the experimental drums were given a mixture of feed with clove repellent, lime peel, and blended temulawak and experienced successive weight reductions of 31%, 25%, and 27% of the rat's original body weight.Conclusion: it was concluded that cloves are the most effective as a repellent for rats with a repellent rate of 100%, weight loss of 31% of the weight of rats, and not in their consumption of feed mixed with clove repellents.

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Guareschi, Edda Emanuela, et Paola Annarosa Magni. « Preliminary Taphonomical Comparison of the Decomposition Process in Simple Burials, Traditional Tombs and Aerated Tombs in an Urban Cemetery in Northern Italy ». Forensic Sciences 2, n^o 3 (19 juillet 2022) : 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2030037.

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In densely populated countries like Italy, cremation is promoted for the final disposition of the dead. However, many families still choose inhumation or entombment. In ordinary (traditional) tombs, bodies skeletonize slowly and partially, and often need a second disposal after the exhumation. The aim of this study was to experimentally test the functionality of a new type of tomb, defined as “aerated”. Aerated tombs feature an aerating system, absorbing materials and a purifying filter, which collectively maintain ventilation, process putrefactive fluids and gases and neutralize odors. In an experimental cemetery area with pristine soil, limbs of piglets were wrapped in cotton sheets and were either inhumed, placed in ordinary tombs or placed in aerated tombs. Following exhumation after planned time intervals (1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months), all samples were macro- and microscopically examined. The inhumed samples were completely skeletonized by 9 months after burial, and after 12 months showed initial bioerosion in bone Haversian canals. The traditionally entombed samples developed progressive adipocere formation, whereas the samples disposed in aerated tombs became mummified. Despite this outcome, aerated tombs represent a more energy-effective, environmentally-friendly and economical choice when compared to ordinary tombs. A mummified body is lighter and drier than a body entombed traditionally and, as such, it is easier to exhume and quicker to cremate. Overall, in the absence of alternative burials, aerated tombs are more suitable than ordinary tombs for the final disposition of the dead in cemeteries with limited space. The results of this experiment add to the knowledge of taphonomical processes in temperate climates and urban environments, potentially benefitting the forensic and medico-legal community.

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Polzin, E. J., R. P. Breton, B. Bhattacharyya, D. Scholte, C. Sobey et B. W. Stappers. « Study of spider pulsar binary eclipses and discovery of an eclipse mechanism transition ». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, n^o 2 (3 mars 2020) : 2948–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa596.

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ABSTRACT We present a comparative study of the low-frequency eclipses of spider (compact and irradiating binary) PSRs B1957+20 and J1816+4510. Combining these data with those of three other eclipsing systems we study the frequency dependence of the eclipse duration. PSRs B1957+20 and J1816+4510 have similar orbital properties, but the companions to the pulsars have masses that differ by an order of magnitude. A dedicated campaign to simultaneously observe the pulsed and imaged continuum flux densities throughout the eclipses reveals many similarities between the excess material within the two binaries, irrespective of the companion star properties. The observations show that the pulsar fluxes are removed from the line of sight throughout the main body of the eclipses. For PSR J1816 + 4510, we present the first direct evidence of an eclipse mechanism that transitions from one that removes the pulsar flux from the line of sight to one that merely smears out pulsations, and claim that this is a consequence of scattering in a tail of material flowing behind the companion. Inferred mass-loss rates from the companion stars are found to be $\dot{M}_{\text{C}} \sim 10^{-12}$ and $\sim 2 \times 10^{-13}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ yr−1 for PSR B1957+20 and PSR J1816 + 4510, respectively; seemingly too low to evaporate the stars within Hubble time. Measurements of eclipse durations over a wide range of radio frequencies show a significant dependence of eclipse duration on frequency for all pulsars, with wider eclipses at lower frequencies. These results provide a marked improvement in the observational constraints available for theoretical studies of the eclipse mechanisms.

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Meißner, R., M. Liewald, C. Leonhardt, M. Otto et K. Stahl. « Torsionsfestigkeit von umformgefügten Zahnrädern*/Torsional Strength of Multi-Component Gears – static and dynamic torsional strength of gears manufactured by lateral extrusion ». wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, n^o 10 (2019) : 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-10-5.

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Im Rahmen des Verbundprojekts „massiverLeichtbau“ (AiF-KZ47M4712) wurde als Beitrag zur Gewichtsreduktion von Antriebsstrangkomponenten am Institut für Umformtechnik (IFU) in Stuttgart und an der Forschungsstelle für Zahnräder und Getriebebau (FZG) in München das Verfahrenskonzept zur umformtechnischen Herstellung von „gebauten“ Zahnrädern mittels Querfließpressen in Mehrkomponentenbauweise entwickelt und dessen Leichtbaupotenzial untersucht. Dieses Verfahren erlaubt das form- und/oder reibschlüssige Fügen von Zahnkranz, Zahnradkörper und Welle und erlaubt so eine kompakte, gewichtsoptimierte Bauweise solcher Zahnräder. Zur Quantifizierung des Anwendungspotenzials von gebauten Zahnrädern mittels Umformfügen wurden die Einflüsse des Werkstoffs, des Umformschmierstoffs und der Zahnkranzinnengeometrie auf das übertragbare Drehmoment gezeigt. Das Ziel der experimentellen Untersuchungen lag einerseits in der Ermittlung der Versagensart unter Torsionslast und schließlich in der Bestimmung einer optimalen Kombination aus Werkstoff, Umformschmierstoff und Zahnkranzinnenprofil zur Übertragung möglichst hoher Drehmomente. Die hier dargestellten Ergebnisse sowie einzelne Textpassagen stammen aus dem AiF-Abschlussbericht sowie einer vorangehenden Veröffentlichung [12].   In order to reduce the weight of powertrain components, the manufacturing process concept for joining by forming of „built“ gears using lateral extrusion in multi-component design is being developed and the lightweight potential is being investigated. This paper deals with the manufacturing of an assembled gearwheel using cold forging and simultaneously joining the gearwheel body with a gear ring. The aim of this publication is to demonstrate the influence of the material, the lubricant and the geometry of the inner gear ring on the transmittable torsional load based on built gears manufactured by joining by forming. The aim of the experimental investigations was on the one hand to determine the type of failure under torsional load and finally to determine an optimal configuration of material, lubricant and internal gear ring profile for the transmission of preferably high torques. The here presented results and individual text passages originate from the AiF final report [14] and a prior publication [12].

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Earar, Kamel, Oleg Solomon, Gabi Topor, Iulian Constantin, Adrian Beznea, Ciprian Adrian Dinu, Lucretia Anghel et al. « Comparison Study on the Influence of Al2O3 Nanoparticle Size and Ternary Hybrid on Several Properties of a PMMA Denture Composite ». Materiale Plastice 58, n^o 2 (5 juillet 2021) : 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.21.2.5483.

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In esthetic restorative dentistry, resin composites are generally encountered. Because of their excellent biocompatibility, lack of taste, odour, tissue discomfort, and toxicity, insolubility in body fluids, ease of use, good clinical/ aesthetic properties, stable colours, optical characteristics, efficient pigmentation, low cost, and repairability, they are becoming more common. Currently used composite resins have some flaws, particularly inconsistent mechanical properties. For a long time, particles of various sizes have been used as fillers to enhance these properties. In prosthodontics, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is commonly used as a dental base material. It does, nevertheless, have several weaknesses, including low strength and weak thermal properties. The effects of different sizes of alumina (Al2O3) particles on the poly(methyl ethacrylate) (PMMA) denture base were determined in this experiment. PMMA powder was blended with Al2O3 added to methyl methacrylate (MMA).For PMMA polymeric materials strengthened with Al2O3 (40 nm, 140 nm and 0.3-0.8 μm) in various concentrations, the mechanical properties were studied.Also, the synergetic influence of the three nanoparticle sizes in the resin matrix was studied.Furthermore, thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis and water absorption and solubility characteristics of the composites prepared were also examined. Among the most significant properties to be obtained for good denture materials is high mechanic properties, water absorption and solubility, since they have different attributes in the aqueous condition of the oral cavity. Results showed clear properties optimization, especially for the size-hybrid alumina composites.

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Claussen, Manfred, Georg Friese et Sascha Theis. « Ambulante Gewichtsreduktion durch Mahlzeiten-Ersatz-Therapie in der ärztlichen Praxis : 2-Jahres-Ergebnisse einer nicht kontrollierten Beobachtungsstudie ». Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 47, n^o 02 (avril 2022) : 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1740-3572.

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die kontinuierlich ansteigende Morbidität von Übergewicht und Adipositas und die damit einhergehenden Begleit- und Folgeerkrankungen verlangen flächendeckende Maßnahmen. Leitliniengerechte multimodal ausgerichtete Therapiezentren erweisen sich als wirkungsvoll, sind aber nicht ausreichend. Ein alltagstaugliches Gewichtsreduktions-Programm für Arztpraxen könnte eine sinnvolle ergänzende Methode sein. Material und Methodik Vorgestellt wird ein überregionales, beratergestütztes, zeitlich unlimitiertes Kursprogramm für Erwachsene mit Übergewicht und Adipositas. Es ist ausgerichtet auf eine Verbesserung der Körperzusammensetzung durch Reduktion des überschüssigen Körperfetts mit bestmöglichem Erhalt der Muskelmasse. Schwerpunkte des verhaltensorientierten Programms sind Ernährungsumstellung und Integration von Entspannungs- und Bewegungseinheiten in den Alltag. Die Beratungen werden in den Praxen von gezielt geschulten Ärzten und deren Mitarbeitern angeboten, wahlweise als Einzel- oder Gruppenberatung. Laborparameter und körperliche Untersuchungen sind nicht Bestandteil der Beratungseinheiten. Sie werden begleitend bei den jeweils behandelnden (Haus-) Ärzten durchgeführt. Nach initialer Formula-Phase folgt eine Mahlzeitenersatz-Therapie, angepasst an die jeweilige Körperzusammensetzung, bestimmt mittels Bioelektrischer-Impedanz-Analyse. Die eingesetzte Trinknahrung mit bestimmter Eiweißzusammensetzung und einem hohen Anteil pflanzlicher Ballaststoffe soll eine weitgehend insulinunabhängige Verstoffwechselung ermöglichen. Jede Ersatzmahlzeit enthält 182 kcal, 18 g Eiweiß, 15 g Kohlenhydrate, 4 g Fett, 5 g Ballaststoffe mit Vitamin- und Mineralanreicherung. Für eine repräsentative Stichprobe der Per-Protokoll-Analyse wurden 104 erwachsene Teilnehmer ausgewählt: Zur Hälfte Frauen und Männer mit einem BMI von>30 kg/m², die freiwillig am Gewichtsreduktionsprogramm über mindestens 24 Monate regelmäßig teilgenommen haben und gemessen worden sind. Hinweise von Essstörungen oder psychischen Beeinträchtigungen führten zum Ausschluss. Die Messwerte für diese Per-Protokoll-Analyse wurden zu Therapiebeginn und nach 3, 6, 12 und 24 Monate extrahiert. Ergebnisse Das Gewicht der Teilnehmer reduzierte sich von 114,7 kg±21,7 (BMI 38,9±6,0) um durchschnittlich 12,6 kg (11% vom Ausgangsgewicht) auf 102,1 kg±20,8 (BMI 34,6±5,9). Die durchschnittliche Änderung der Fettmasse beträgt nach 24 Monaten −8,6 kg (18,3%), dies entspricht 68,3% des durchschn. reduzierten Körpergewichts (KG). Der prozentuale Anteil der Körperzellmasse (Body Cell Mass, BCM) am KG ist dabei von durchschn. 30,9% (±7,9%) auf 31,9% (±8,1%) angestiegen. Schlussfolgerung Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit Hilfe des ambulanten, ärztlich betreuten Gewichtsreduktionsprogramms eine deutliche Gewichtsreduktion bei Adipositaspatienten über zwei Jahre, und damit über den geforderten Zeitraum hinaus, erzielt werden kann. Die Gewichtsabnahme erfolgte überwiegend durch Fettreduktion, der relative Anteil der BCM am KG konnte vollständig gehalten werden.

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Yildirim, Muhammed. « Image Visualization and Classification Using Hydatid Cyst Images with an Explainable Hybrid Model ». Applied Sciences 13, n^o 17 (2 septembre 2023) : 9926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179926.

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Hydatid cysts are most commonly found in the liver, but they can also occur in other body parts such as the lungs, kidneys, bones, and brain. The growth of these cysts occurs through the division and proliferation of cells over time. Cysts usually grow slowly, and symptoms are initially absent. Symptoms often vary in size, location, and the affected organ. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, shortness of breath, and foul odor. Early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance in this process. Therefore, computer-aided systems can be used for early diagnosis. In addition, it is very important that these cysts can be interpreted more easily by the specialist and that the error is minimized. Therefore, in this study, data visualization was performed using Grad-CAM and LIME methods for easier interpretation of hydatid cyst images via a reanalysis of data. In addition, feature extraction was performed with the MobileNetV2 architecture using the original, Grad-CAM, and LIME applied data for the grading of hydatid cyst CT images. The feature maps obtained from these three methods were combined to increase the performance of the proposed method. Then, the Kruskal method was used to reduce the size of the combined feature map. In this way, the size of the 2416 × 3000 feature map was reduced to 2416 × 700. The accuracy of the proposed model in classifying hydatid cyst images is 94%.

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Mack, J. K., H. P. Remler, E. Senckenberg et E. Kienzle. « Energieaufnahme und Körpermasseentwicklung von Warmblutfohlen, die beim Absetzen den Betrieb wechseln ». Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G : Großtiere / Nutztiere 42, n^o 04 (2014) : 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623229.

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Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie war, den Energiebedarf von Warmblutfohlen zu überprüfen, die durch einen Betriebswechsel beim Absetzen erhöhtem Stress ausgesetzt sind. Material und Methoden: Neun Hengstfohlen, die als Absetzer von verschiedenen Züchtern gekauft und gemeinsam aufgestallt wurden, nahmen an der Studie vom Absetzen im Alter von etwa 6 Monaten bis zu einem Alter von etwa 1 Jahr teil. Das Absetzen erfolgte im heimischen Betrieb oder nach gemeinsamem Transport von Stute und Fohlen bei Ankunft im neuen Bestand. Die Fohlen erhielten Heulage (später erster Schnitt), Hafer und Fohlenaufzuchtfutter. Um eine individuelle Kraftfutterzuteilung zu ermöglichen, wurden die Fohlen zweimal täglich separat angebunden. Erhoben wurden die Gesamtaufnahme der Heulage aller Fohlen gemeinsam pro Tag, die tägliche individuelle Kraftfutteraufnahme sowie in 4-wöchigen Abständen Körpermasse und Body Condition Score (BCS). Ergebnisse: Die tägliche Energieaufnahme der Fohlen betrug 74 MJ verdauliche Energie (68 MJ umsetzbare Energie) pro Tier. Die Fohlen wurden mit vergleichsweise niedrigem BCS von 4,2 ± 0,4 (Skala von 1 bis 9) und einer durchschnittlichen Körpermasse von 285 ± 30 kg aufgestallt. Sie erreichten am Ende der Studie im Alter von 319 ± 22 Tagen eine Körpermasse von 326 ± 24 kg und einen BCS von 4,2 ± 0,4. Die Energieaufnahme der Fohlen war höher und ihre Gewichtsentwicklung langsamer als in einer parallel laufenden Studie mit Fohlen, die im Gestüt geboren und aufgewachsen und dementsprechend beim Absetzen weniger Stress ausgesetzt waren. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Fohlen mit relativ niedriger Körpermasse und BCS und erheblichem Stress zum Zeitpunkt des Absetzens benötigen deutlich mehr Energie als Fohlen, die beim Absetzen in ihrer gewohnten Umgebung verbleiben und dadurch weniger Stressoren unterliegen.

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El Hajj Chehadeh, Sarah, Grégory Pourié, Nicolas Martin, Jean-Marc Alberto, Jean-Luc Daval, Jean-Louis Guéant et Brigitte Leininger-Muller. « Gestational methyl donor deficiency alters key proteins involved in neurosteroidogenesis in the olfactory bulbs of newborn female rats and is associated with impaired olfactory performance ». British Journal of Nutrition 111, n^o 6 (12 novembre 2013) : 1021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513003553.

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Gestational methyl donor deficiency (MDD) leads to growth retardation as well as to cognitive and motor disorders in 21-d-old rat pups. These disorders are related to impaired neurogenesis in the cerebral neurogenic areas. Olfactory bulbs (OB), the main target of neuronal progenitors originating from the subventricular zone, play a critical role during the postnatal period by allowing the pups to identify maternal odour. We hypothesised that growth retardation could result from impaired suckling due to impaired olfactory discrimination through imbalanced apoptosis/neurogenesis in the OB. Since neurosteroidogenesis modulates neurogenesis in OB, in the present study, we investigated whether altered neurosteroidogenesis could explain some these effects. Pups born to dams fed a normal diet (n 24) and a MDD diet (n 27) were subjected to olfactory tests during the lactation and weaning periods (n 24 and 20, respectively). We studied the markers of apoptosis/neurogenesis and the expression levels of the key neurosteroidogenic enzyme aromatase, the cholesterol-transfer protein StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) and the ERα oestrogen receptor and the content of oestradiol in OB. The 21-d-old MDD female pups displayed lower body weight and impaired olfactory discrimination when compared with the control pups. MDD led to greater homocysteine accumulation and more pronounced apoptosis, along with impaired cell proliferation in the OB of female pups. The expression levels of aromatase, StAR and ERα as well as the content of oestradiol were lower in the OB of the MDD female pups than in those of the control female pups. In conclusion, gestational MDD may alter olfactory discrimination performances by affecting neurogenesis, apoptosis and neurosteroidogenesis in OB in a sex-dependent manner. It may be involved in growth retardation through impaired suckling.

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Basaraba, R. Yu. « ANALYSIS OF LIPOPHILIC FRACTION OF THE COMMON PUSSYTOES HERB ». Medical and Clinical Chemistry, n^o 1 (12 avril 2019) : 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2019.v0.i1.9995.

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Introduction. The lipophilic fractions of many medicinal plants today are poorly understood, despite the fact that they contain such important biologically active substances as chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, phytosterols, fatty acids, phospholipids, etc., which according to the literature show reparative, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, immunostimulant, antitumor activity. Compounds of lipophilic nature are carotenoids and chlorophylls are of great importance. Carotenoids increase the body's resistance to mutagens and carcinogens, reduce age-related degenerative changes in tissues, inhibit proliferation of malignant cells, activate the synthesis of cytokines and interleukins, participate in the regulation of gene transcription, and also exhibit immunomodulatory effects. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids cause their photo-protective, radioprotective, anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic effects. Chlorophyll in the human body promotes the formation of hemoglobin and can be used in medicine as a valuable therapeutic agent that accelerates the processes of hematopoiesis, affects the blood's formula, as well as stabilizes the functioning of the circulatory system. It has the ability to activate various functions of the human body, in particular thyroid gland, antitoxic function of the liver, as well as a tonic, normalizes metabolic processes and improves immunity. The aim of the study – to obtain a lipophilic extract from the herb of the common pussytoes, to study its qualitative composition and to determine the quantitative content of carotenoids and chlorophylls. Research Methods. The lipophilic fraction from the common pussytoes herb was maintained by the way of exhausting extraction of the raw materials chloroform in the Sockslet apparatus. The obtained lipophilic fraction was used for the determination of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The definitions are followed by the TLC method. Determination of the quantitative content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was carried out by spectrophotometric method. Content of the amount of chlorophylls was determined at 670 nm in terms of chlorophyll A; carotinoids – for the benefit of a wave of 450 nm, based on β-carotene. Results and Discussion. The results of the studies showed that the yield of the lipophilic fractions of the common pussytoes herb was equal to the absolute dry material (6.17±0.12) %. Lipophilic fraction of the common pussytoes herb is a thick butter indiscrete mass of dirty-green color with a pleasant specific odor; practically insoluble in water purified P and ethanol 96 % P, readily soluble in chlorophyll P. The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the investigated extract was (0.085±0.003) % and (0.029±0.001) %. The content of chlorophylls in the common pussycat herb was 2.9 times higher than carotenoids. Conclusions. The lipophilic fraction of the common pussytoes herb was obtained, the output of which was 6.17 %. In the lipophilic fraction, the quantitative content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was determined, which was in the common pussytoes herb 0.085 % and 0.029 %, respectively.

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Hässig, Michael, Annina Hanimann, Frazer Lewis et Sonja Hartnack. « Zusammenhänge zwischen metabolischen Profilen und 4 Bestandsbetreuung-Scores bei Milchkühen : Statistische Analyse anhand eines additiven Bayesian Netzwerkes ». Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G : Großtiere / Nutztiere 51, n^o 02 (avril 2023) : 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2061-9990.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte das Ziel, mit Hilfe eines Bayesian Netzwerkes den Zusammenhang zwischen metabolischen Profilen und verschiedenen, in der Bestandsbetreuung von Milchkühen üblicherweise gebrauchten Scores zu objektivieren. Es wurde untersucht, ob zwischen den metabolischen Blutprofilen und dem Body Condition Score (BCS), dem Rumen Filling Score (RFS), dem Faeces Condition Score (FCS) und dem Undigested Fraction Score (UFS) auf Herdenbasis ein Zusammenhang besteht und ob die Bestandsscores das metabolische Profil zu ersetzen vermögen. Material und Methoden Mittels blutchemischer Untersuchungen wurden von jeweils mindestens 10 Milchkühen aus 10 Betrieben, insgesamt 106 Proben, ein metabolisches Profil in den verschiedenen Leistungssphasen erstellt. Diese wurden oben angeführten Scores bei denselben Kühen gegenübergestellt. Aus den Daten wurde ein additives Bayesian Netzwerk erstellt. Ergebnisse Im additiven Bayesian Netzwerk war ersichtlich, dass die Glukosekonzentration im Blut direkt auf die Kotkonsistenz (FCS) einwirkte. Es bestand eine Einwirkung des β-Hydroxybutyrat (BHB) auf die freien Fettsäuren (FFS). Der Harnstoff beeinflusste Phosphor im Blut wie auch die Glutamat-Oxalacetat-Transaminase (GOT). Der Harnstoff beeinflusste auch Kalzium im Blut und dieses dann Magnesium im Blut. Ein Zusammenhang des RFS mit dem BCS und einer erhöhten Leberaktivität wurde festgestellt. Die Glutathionperoxidase (GSH-Px), welche als Parameter für die Selenversorgung des Rindes herangezogen wird, hatte keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit den anderen gemessenen Parametern. Die GSH-Px und UFS standen isoliert im Modell. Schlussfolgerung Durch die Anwendung eines multidimensionalen Modells, speziell eines additiven Bayesian Netzwerks, konnten Zusammenhänge zwischen Parametern von metabolischen Profilen und 4 Scoring-Systemen der Bestandsbetreuung von Milchkühen offengelegt werden. Mit diesen Zusammenhängen können die untersuchten 4 Scoring-Systeme effektiver in der Bestandsbetreuung eingesetzt werden. Klinische Relevanz Es bestehen Zusammenhänge zwischen metabolischen Profilen und Gesundheitsscores. Letztere sind schneller verfügbar und kostengünstiger. Bei Milchkühen mit metabolischen Erkrankungen oder Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen ersetzt das Scoring eine detaillierte Auswertung mittels metabolischer Profile nicht.

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S, Waghe. « Critical Evaluation of Water Purifying Methods in Ancient India WSR to Ayurveda ». Journal of Natural & ; Ayurvedic Medicine 7, n^o 2 (10 avril 2023) : 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000399.

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Water is essential component of the human body. Impure water contains many impurities. Safe and palatable water drinking is essential for maintaining the health. Ancient Indian medical science, Ayurveda emphasizes on safe water drinking practices. Ayurveda had described different types of water sources like well, river, ocean, waterfall, pond etc. Ayurveda had mentioned the hazards of drinking unclean and unpalatable water. Ayurvedic acharya Sushruta had not only mentioned about the water purifying process but also about disinfecting the water to avoid the water borne diseases. As per Ayurveda, drinking unsafe and impure water may lead to diseases like edema, anemia, indigestion, skin diseases, cough, rhinorrhoea, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, fever, anorexia, conjunctivitis and goitre. Ayurveda had advocated the use of Nirmali seeds, Lotus root, Spirogyra root, cloth, pearl, Hessonite stone water and alum for purifying the water. Similarly, the ancient methods to disinfect the water include keeping the water in sunlight, boiling the water under heat, immersing the hot iron ball in the water etc. For making the water palatable and removing the bad odour from the water, Ayurveda had suggested to make it scented with lotus, pandamus (Ketaki), Mesua ferrea (Nagakeshar), Michelia (Champa), Stereospermum suuaveolens (Patala). In ancient water purifying process, water was used to stirred with Alum primarily. Alum is well known for settling the dust to the bottom. Cloth was used to arrest the impurities in water by straining. Later water was used to get treated with Strychnus potatorum seeds to make it clean. Later water was heated to boiling point to make it germ free. It is observed that drinking impurified water leads to water borne diseases. It is concluded that water purifying and disinfecting methods are very well described in ancient Indian medical science, Ayurveda.

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Macenka, Svitlana. « Music in the Head : the Figure of Ludwig van Beethoven as an Acoustic System in Gert Jonke’s “Gentle Rage or the Ear Engineer” ». Scientific herald of Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, n^o 133 (21 mars 2022) : 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2522-4190.2022.133.257294.

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Relevance of the study. Intermedial studies are an important part of modern humanities requiring literary and music studies to reprofile and set new objectives. Literary studies occupy a principal place in developing theoretical frameworks and categories of intermediality, which, as relevant papers show, are widely used by music studies. Interdisciplinary studies are particularly promising in this respect as they not only promote a more profound look into problematic musical and literary complexes but also contribute to the self-establishment of both disciplines under new media conditions. Artistic literature serves as material for discovering musical and literary connections while relying on music studies achievements. The creativity of the Austrian writer Gert Jonke (1946–2009), in particular, offers narrative strategies and inter-artistic concepts through which the writer ensures the auditory dimension of a work of literature. Research novelty lies in the specification of music and literary connections as a textual performance focusing on the embodiment of music. Research objective is to identify the main trends in contemporary musical and literary intermedial studies and, within this framework, conduct an analysis of the theatre sonata Gentle Rage or the Ear Engineer (“Sanftwut oder Der Orenmaschinist”, 1990) by Gert Jonke, stressing upon the concept of the body as an intermedium. Research methodology consists of a description of the underlying principles of mediality applied to the analysis of Gert Jonke’s drama. Results and conclusions. During the 2020 Ludwig van Beethoven anniversary year, Gert Jonke’s theatre sonata Gentle Rage or the Ear Engineer became a particularly important element of remembering-understanding the artist’s creativity. The works of the Austrian writer are notable for their particular sonority. One of the central motives is that of a head which is associated with the stage where thoughts and sounds unfold practically at the same time. The presence of sounds belongs to the sphere of contrived — it exists in the head (consequently, on stage). From an intermedial perspective, the theatre sonata Gentle Rage or the Ear Engineer (according to Beethoven’s intentions of ideal performance) emerges as a concert in which the sounds are transmitted with the help of digital piano at the moments when the monologs of the protagonist change dialogues. The sounds of sonata rendered by the electronic instruments translate the imagined music in Beethoven’s head to acoustic material, while the dramatic text is simultaneously interpreting the play with its own means. The abstract sonata conceived in mind transforms into an actual acoustic image during its staging, embodied in and through the figure of Beethoven. It is apparent that Gert Jonke considers the auditory experience of recipients and appeals to it using specific moods, harmonies, dissonances, and tempo markings. The central concept of the body as an intermedium relies on musicological musings about the effect of deafness on Beethoven’s late creativity. It is closely connected to certain aspects of interpretation of his late works (absolute music, the opposition of light and darkness).

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von Stuckrad, Kocku. « Visual Gods : From Exorcism to Complexity in Renaissance Studies Sichtbare Götter : Komplexitát statt Exorzismus in der Renaissanceforschung ». Aries 6, n^o 1 (2006) : 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005906775248743.

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AbstractAcademic research into the cultural changes that took place in Europe between 1400 and 1650 is notoriously fraught with terminological difficulties. With regard to the place of paganism and polytheism in Western culture, three questions in particular stand in the foreground: Most generally, is it adequate to isolate a period as "Renaissance" or "early modernity" and what is gained by doing so? Is the period called "Renaissance" characterized by a continuity of pagan and polytheistic elements or do we have to address the presence of pagan semantics as reception, revival, or, rather, invention? And finally, in terms of concepts of "religion", is the presence of pagan deities in public spheres an expression of "lived religion" or of a Renaissance "dream" of a pagan past that is syncretistically built into Christian "religion"?After a survey of influential contributions to this discussion, the article approaches the problem of Renaissance polytheism and paganism from a different point of view. Under the headline of material and visual culture, cultural studies have recently broken grounds for a new understanding of religious dynamics in public spheres. Major contributions to medieval and early modern visual culture are presented and subsequently applied to examples of what can be called a Renaissance pagan discourse. Arguing mainly methodologically, the article aims at introducing visual and material aspects into the study of Western esotericism and reflecting on the underlying discourses of inclusion and exclusion that so often have characterized academic study of religion.Focusing on the visual presence of pagan deities challenges common notions of a "Christian occident" with a monotheistic creed that in late antiquity won the upper hand over a pagan past. This narrative is dependent on a conceptualization of "religion" that is based on "faith", inner states of mind, belief-systems, and (holy) texts. On a deeper level of analysis, these conceptualizations correspond to two strong currents in the academic study of religion: a religionist conviction and a philological orientation. It is argued that both currents reflect strategies of distancing or even purgation and exorcism. If we take seriously the notion that religious ideas, convictions, and traditions are "acted out" in the public sphere, that they form part of people's identities in a unity of image, message, and body, and that the materiality of religion is something to move to the center of scrutiny, we will perhaps arrive at a better understanding of the status of paganism in post-ancient Europe. From the perspective of visual culture, the pagan gods are not a "dream", nor do they belong to a system outside "religion". They form a crucial element of people's identities. It is precisely the strategies of distancing, singularization, and exorcism that academic study of religion has to engage. Die wissenschaftliche Erforschung der kulturellen Veränderungen in Europa zwischen 1400 und 1650 ist bekanntermaßen mit terminologischen Schwierigkeiten behaftet. Was den Ort von Paganismus und Polytheismus in der westlichen Kultur betrifft, kommt drei Fragen besondere Bedeutung zu: Ist es überhaupt angemessen, eine Periode als ,,Renaissance" oder ,,Frühe Neuzeit" zu isolieren, und was ist damit gewonnen? Ist die Epoche der ,,Renaissance" durch eine Kontinuität paganer und polytheistischer Elemente gekennzeichnet oder ist die Präsenz paganer Semantiken als Rezeption, Revitalisierung oder gar als Erfindung anzusprechen? Und schließlich lässt sich im Hinblick auf den wissenschaftlichen Religionsbegriff fragen, ob die Präsenz paganer Gottheiten im öffentlichen Raum Ausdruck einer ,,lebenden Religion" ist oder eines ,,Traums" von einer paganen Vergangenheit, den die Renaissance synkretistisch in die christliche ,,Religion" integrierte?Nach einer Übersicht über einflussreiche Beiträge zu dieser Diskussion bringt der Artikel eine neue Sicht auf das Problem von Polytheismus und Paganismus in der Renaissance ins Spiel. Unter den Stichworten Materialität und Visualität haben die Kulturwissenschaften in jüngster Zeit neue Analyseinstrumente zum Verständnis religiöser Dynamiken im öffentlichen Raum entwickelt. Wichtige Deutungsansätze mittelalterlicher und frühneuzeitlicher visueller Kultur werden vorgestellt und anschließend auf Beispiele für einen ,,paganen Diskurs" der Renaissance angewandt. Die Ausrichtung des Artikels ist in erster Linie methodisch: er möchte die Elemente Visualität und Materialität in die Esoterikforschung einführen; damit ist eine kritische Reflexion auf die Diskurse von Inklusion und Exklusion verbunden, die über lange Zeit die Religionswissenschaft geprägt haben.Die methodische Ausrichtung auf die visuelle Präsenz paganer Gottheiten stellt überkommene Auffassungen eines ,,Christlichen Abendlands" in Frage, mit einer monotheistischen Überzeugung, die in der Spätantike die pagane Vergangenheit überwunden habe. Ein solches Narrativ ist eng verbunden mit einem Religionskonzept, welches auf ,,Glauben", inneren Bewusstseinszuständen und (heiligen) Texten beruht. Hinter solchen Konzepten stehen wiederum zwei einflussreiche Tendenzen der Religionswissenschaft: eine religionistische Überzeugung und eine philologische Orientierung. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass beide Strömungen Ausdruck von Strategien der Distanzierung oder gar der Purifizierung und des Exorzismus sind. Wenn wir jedoch davon ausgehen, dass religiöse Ideen, Überzeugungen und Traditionen im öffentlichen Raum ,,ausagiert" und kommuniziert werden, dass sie Ausdruck von Identitäten in einer Einheit von Bild, Botschaft und Körper sind, und dass die Materialität von Religion vom Rand ins Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit zu rücken ist, werden wir den Status des Paganismus im nachantiken Europa besser bestimmen können. Aus Sicht von visual culture sind die paganen Gottheiten weder ein ,,Traum", noch gehören sie einem System jenseits der ,,Religion" an. Sie sind ein zentrales Element von Identitäten. Es ist die Aufgabe der Religionswissenschaft, eben jene Strategien der Distanzierung, der Singularisierung und des Exorzismus zum Gegenstand ihrer Analyse zu machen.

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Sekine, Yoshika, Shiori Uchiyama, Michihito Todaka, Yohei Sakai, Ryo Sakiyama, Hiroshi Ochi, Maho Muramatsu, Satomi Asai et Kazuo Umezawa. « Influence of Ingestion of Lactulose on γ-Lactones Emanating from Human Skin Surface ». Applied Sciences 13, n^o 6 (20 mars 2023) : 3930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063930.

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Lactulose is known to grow health-promoting bacteria, with an increase in the production of beneficial metabolites, such as lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon. Ingestion of lactulose powder at a food dosage level is known to reduce the dermal emanation of ammonia, a typical human skin gas which potentially affects body odour. However, no study has reported the effect of lactulose on human skin gases other than ammonia. In this study, the influence of lactulose ingestion on the dermal emissions of γ-lactones, volatile cyclic esters with sweet smells, was investigated in healthy subjects. Healthy participants ingested the lactulose powder with a food dosage of 4 g d−1 once a day for 2 weeks. γ-lactones emanating from the skin surface were collected from each participant’s forearm by using a passive flux sampler, and six kinds of γ-lactones, namely, γ-hexalactone (C6), γ-heptalactone (C7), γ-octalactone (C8), γ-nonalactone (C9), γ-decalactone (C10), and γ-undecalactone (C11), were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Quantification of bifidobacteria in faeces collected before and after ingestion of lactulose for 2 weeks was carried out by using real-time PCR. The results showed a significant increase in the dermal emission fluxes of sweet-smelling C10 and C11 lactones as the number of bifidobacteria increased in the faeces, presumably mediated by SCFAs produced in the colon.

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Febryanti, Amalyah, et Fitria Azis. « Screening of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities for Safflower Water Extracts to Increase Immunity During a Pandemic ». Elkawnie 8, n^o 1 (30 juin 2022) : 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v8i1.10934.

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Abstract: Viral infection is the multiplication of viruses in the body. Viruses can reproduce with the help of a host. Viruses infect a host by inserting their genetic material into cells to duplicate their particles. Coronavirus is a type of virus. The coronavirus identified in 2019, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic of the respiratory disease called COVID-19. Screening of the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of safflower aqueous extract has to be carried out to seal immunity against the virus. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Kasumba turate water extract. The method used in this study was an experiment consisting of the preparation of Staphylococcus aureus suspensions, the preparation of safflower aqueous extract, phytochemical screening of safflower aqueous extract, a study of the functional group of safflower aqueous extract using FTIR, and the determination of antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The results obtained show that the extract has physical characteristics of a brownish yellow color and the characteristic odor of Kasumba turate. A phytochemical study verified that the aqueous extract of safflower contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Analyze FTIR for the expected presence of functional groups including -OH, =CO, and -NH. The best antibacterial activity under three conditions was shown at a 5% extract concentration with a solvent heating temperature of 90 ºC for 15 minutes which gave abroad an inhibition zone. Safflower aqueous extract indicated DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 965.33 mg mL-1. Furthermore, safflower aqueous extract has the potential for antioxidant activity, but it has low antibacterial activity. However, this study supports making Safflower a natural colorant in food and recommends using Safflower as a tea or herbal drink that provides natural antioxidant effects during the pandemic.Abstrak: Skrining aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan ekstrak air kasumba turate dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen yang terdiri dari preparasi suspensi Staphylococcus aureus as test bacteria, preparasi ekstrak air kasumba turate, skrining fitokimia ekstrak air kasumba turate, studi gugus fungsi ekstrak air kasumba turate menggunakan FTIR, penentuan aktivitas antibakteri, dan penentuan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak memiliki ciri fisik warna kuning kecoklatan dan bau yang khas. Studi fitrokimia membuktikan bahwa ekstrak air kasumba turate mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Analisis FTIR diharapkan adanya gugus fungsi yang meliputi -OH, =CO, dan -NH. Aktivitas antibakteri terbaik pada ketiga kondisi ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi ekstrak 5% dengan suhu pemanasan pelarut 90 ºC selama 15 menit yang memberikan zona hambat luas. Ekstrak air safflower menunjukkan aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH dengan nilai IC50 1250 mg mL-1. Selain itu, penelitian ini mendukung untuk menjadikan kasumba turate sebagai pewarna alami pada makanan dan merekomendasikan penggunaan kasumba turate sebagai teh atau minuman herbal yang memberikan efek antioksidan alami selama masa pandemi.

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P, Clarós, Cygan A, Portela A, Pérez R, Marimon X, Gabarró M et Gil J. « An Update on Smell and Sensuality ». Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology 3, n^o 4 (4 novembre 2021) : 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9562/036.

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When thinking of smell, we usually consider it only as one of the five senses. Compared to the rest of senses, smell has been underestimated. By conducting a research, we will be able to discover how mistaken we are. The human sense of smell is more powerful than it's usually given credit for and plays a major role in human health and behavior than many experts in the field are aware of the sense of smell is present in our daily activities and, depending on the gender, perception may differ, as well as from the anatomical structure of the olfactory organ between genders to the stimulus of the odor. The fragrances determine our everyday food choices, places where we choose to spend with our life partner. Scents can determine our sexual behavior, in building infant-parent connection and create our habits as well. It can also warn us against the selection of food, persons, also death. In this case, the loss of smell can be related with an olfactory organ dysfunction, but as well can have an endocrine, genetic or psychical basis. The olfactory dysfunction can change our habits and basically our whole life. It is irrefutable that while talking about smell which we consider as one of the senses, we can talk about sensuality which broadly covers the relationship between smell and perception of reality. Sensuality in a general sense can be defined as the perception of the surrounding things through the senses, as sensory pleasure, and unlike sexuality, which can be translated as the reception of biological, psychological and physical stimuli. Aim of the study: Currently all of our senses are mostly well known. We are trying to consider the topic from many different sides to make ourselves more and more advanced. We are trying to unite a couple of subjects to prove that we can connect one with another to explore how advanced our organism is. In this research we are trying to look closely at the two different topics and glue them together. Trying to improve and update the connection between the sense of smell and sensuality. This is possible due to the relationship between the smell and the part of our brain responsible for memories and memory, i.e. the limbic system. In this way, we can process the aroma stimulus into memories, we associate smells with specific situations, places, people or things [1]. Therefore, the objectives we have in this study are the following: The nose as an olfactory organ and the anatomical differences as to structure; the olfactory system is strictly connected with the sense of smell; sex, as a gender, something that make us different from each other; physical and psychological disorders and influence of smell. Taking into consideration the amount of work and research on the sense of smell and the still uncertain issues related to it, it is certain how important it is for life and science to fully understand its properties. Over time, with the development of science and technology, there is an increasing wish to learn about such a complicated machine as the human body. Material and methods: In the first part of this research, we will gather all the information that is commonly available so far in the international bibliography, as well as the achievements and utilities obtained to date. Following we will analyse all the new concepts that exist on the topic of sense of smell in connection with sex and sensuality, also how the smell can change due to various disorders and try to summarise it based on the latest research.

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Varsan, Evhen. « Features of organization of medico-legal expert researches in the cases of the mass injuring of victims in the salon of bus ». Forensic-medical examination, n^o 1 (29 mai 2017) : 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2017.7.

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The article deals with certain medico-legal aspects of trauma in the salon of bus as one of the types of road traffic accidents with a large number of dead and injured. Are shown the typical causes of such incidents and the nature of the victims injury. Was developed and proposed a modern approach to optimization of expert research in case of appearance a large number of victims in the bus. Circumstances of injury in case of personal injury people in the bus are very diverse:− rollover of the bus when transporting a large number of people while driving;− bus falling from height;− a massive collision with a fixed roadside objects; − collision with other vehicles; among the latter is the most fatal bus collision with a moving train.Naturally, in these cases, the massive injuries have affected depends on the intensity of injury to passengers in the bus, and the mechanism of damage is determined by the specific form of an accident involving a bus. In such cases, the experts faced, usually with mechanical trauma inside the cabin, and mixed types of injuries passengers (e.g. in case of fire). For in-car trauma characterized by formation damage from the following mechanisms:− shock bodies on the inner part of the interior (interior);− injuries from the shards of broken glass.Basically, the nature of injury is determined by the structural features of the bus, the presence of foreign objects, the location of the victims. If the vehicle rolls over, the occupants people are numerous additional impact. Formed characteristic for the driver damage to the hands, fractures of the sternum fractures of the hips, legs and feet. For passengers is characteristic fractures of the lower limbs, bruised head wounds, fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine when using the seat belts − stripe-like bruises and abrasions ofthe chest and abdomen, broken ribs, collarbone, sternum, in the projection of the belts. Shards of broken glass caused by the multiple linear abrasions and (or) surface or deep cut wounds mainly in the face and upper extremities. In the case of deformation of the bus body can be compression of the bodies are formed by damage to several areas, primarily the chest, abdomen, extremities, accompanied by multiple bilateral rib fractures, ruptures of internal organs. If in the future there is a fire or explosion of the vehicle, the nature of thedamage detected on the bodies will correspond to the combined injury.In cases of injuries in the bus to work with the bodies of the victims begins at the scene. Thus, the Protocol of inspection of the scene and of the corpse in the first place should reflect the data about the mutual position of bodies and (or) their fragments relative to the vehicle and other parts, the distance between them; the condition of clothing, odors from it, the presence of different overlays, damage; contamination of the skin; localization and nature of the injuries on the bodies, the presence of deformations of its individualparts; the presence of traces of biological origin on the vehicle in comparison with the nature of the deformation (damage) of the body.Be sure to note the results of the inspection of the road where there was a traffic accident, a bus traces of blood, and fragments of various things, etc. Despite the small percentage of bus injured in world General statistics of fatal injuries, it presents certain difficulties in planning, organization, execution and coordination of forensic work on multi-step liquidation of medical consequences of the accident, usually associated with a large number of victims, gross impact of factors affecting on the bodies of the victims, the need to quickly address some specific issues: establishing at autopsy pathological symptoms that indicate the status of the health of drivers in the period priorto the tragic event; the existence of facts pointing to the use of intoxicating and medicinal substances that depress the nervous system and many others), early identification of all victims. According to the results of the analysis made it impossible to offer modern, optimal, evidence-informed, and until only itremains to be reliable in practice the system approach to the organizational model of forensic activities, while ensuring the interests of the investigation of an accident involving a bus and a large number of victims:1. The preliminary stage of organization expert services. It can conditionally enough be divided into 2 phases:− advance (pre-) phase;− the immediate phase.To the basic questions of the early phases include: early development, coordination and approval of the optimal legislative and other regulatory framework; preliminary methodological, administrative and organizational, theoretical-practical, logistical, software and applied training; exercise reasonable estimates of projected short and long term needs and costs with regard to the peculiarities specified by the tragic events; creation, storage, use and replenishment of the trust reserves, logistical and financial resources areinviolable, is intended solely for use in such emergencies. It also includes the creation, maintenance and continuous improvement of a Single centralized situation center on a temporary or permanent basis, with a good system of departmental and interdepartmental cooperation, primarily containing a - operational information-Supervisory and analytical center for the collection, processing, storage, information exchange and joint action with the threat, occurrence and prevention of emergencies with a large number of victims.Immediately with the receipt of the news of the accident involving a bus and a large number of victims for forensic services begin immediate phase, the main elements of which include:− prompt notification and collection of employees and expert institutions;− an emergency conference call to discuss the organizational, theoretical and practical questions and short specialized trainingon occupational safety, including use of personal protective equipment depending on the nature of the accident and actions are potentially dangerous to health and life of employees and expert institutions factors.All plans of measures are necessarily coordinated and agreed with appropriate representatives of structures of fast reaction, especially when conducting urgent investigative actions in the emergency areas, primarily the inspection of the scene. 2. The inspection of the crime scene it is advisable to start with a preliminary review («intelligence»), which finally determined the necessity of application of those or other technical means, and the number of specialists who will participate in the inspection.The static phase of scene examination with the participation of forensic doctors is accompanied by clear mapping; mapping, photo - and video fixing of vehicle, various objects; it is noted the exact relative positions of the bus (its parts) and discovered the corpses, fragments of human remains and other biological material. During dynamic examination of the scene produce a detailed external examination of the human remains, their fragments, biological material, perform primary medical sorting, their careful packaging,clear detailed marking. Then performed the proper loading, transportation and unloading. In case of need in a temporary Deposit of biological material, can be used in railway wagons refrigerators, refrigerated trailers, mobile camera with a refrigeration unit, and in the absence or lack of volume for the total number of remains and the biomaterial deploys heat-resistant boxes, fit the space with the use of outdoor mobile air conditioning systems, large amounts of ice obtained from specialized industrial ice makers, etc., which is especially important for braking processes of rotting corpses, their fragments and biomaterial in the warm season.3. After the initial registration and a secondary sort examine corpses, their fragments and biological material collection for postmortem identification of significant information, determine the cause of death, nature, mechanism and prescription of formation damage and address other special issues. At this stage also produce the identification of fragmented body parts and (or) tissues that or another body. In expert identification work on the fragments of human remains or biological material, preference is given to genetic research providing highly accurate results. Depending on the extent of influence of damaging factors on the bodies of the victims and their degree of preservation, only after the completion of the necessary is judicial-medical research with a full range of fence material for additional research, producing restoration of the exterior, embalming, sanitary and cosmetic processing of human remains and give them to relatives (relatives, authorized representatives, etc.) for burial. 4. Issued the final results of examinations; establishes data that may be useful for later investigative and judicial actions aimed at gathering and verification of evidence in a criminal case.5. The penultimate stage consists of conducting sanitary-and-hygienic, treatment-and-prophylactic, rehabilitation (including a full psychological) of interventions for physical and mental health of employees and expert institutions involved in this work.6. After the conclusion of the criminal proceedings in general, with the official opening of data access, it is advisable to analyze the material, and publish the relevant data in the scientific literature, with the goal of widespread study and use of gained experience.CONCLUSIONS.1. Research platform forensic activities in cases of accidents involving buses and a large number of victims to date have not been developed.2. The effectiveness of forensic medical groups in this situation is in direct proportion to the degree of readiness for quick response and timely quality completion of tasks.3. Based on this, very urgent is the development of modern optimal evidence-based systemic approach to the organizational model of forensic activities in the presence of a large number of injured persons in the bus; the solution to this problem and sent the above recommendations.4. The recommendations, in principle, can be applied not only in cases of injuries in the bus, but also to similar situations in which there is a massive injury and loss of life.5. It is necessary to continue scientific and practical research aimed at improving this algorithm works experts.

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Lundström, Johan N., Annegret Mathe, Benoist Schaal, Johannes Frasnelli, Katharina Nitzsche, Johannes Gerber et Thomas Hummel. « Maternal status regulates cortical responses to the body odor of newborns ». Frontiers in Psychology 4 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00597.

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