Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Materiality of facts »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Materiality of facts"
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Ситникова et V. Sitnikova. « The criteria of Materiality in accounting ». Auditor 1, no 1 (25 février 2015) : 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12798.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The necessity of determining the combination of criteria, not only the materiality of information, for the accounting of the individual facts of economic life and disclosures in the financial statements is proved in the article. Some possible ways of accounting policies for the recognition of the significant information provided
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Haubenreich, Jacob. « The Trail, the Archive, the Museum, and the Book : Confronting Materiality in Literary Studies ». New German Critique 47, no 3 (1 novembre 2020) : 141–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0094033x-8607647.
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Abstract This article examines the persistence of the notion of the immaterial text in literary studies, now decades into the so-called material turn. Digitization of manuscripts increasingly confronts us with the facts of textual materiality and material authorship, yet many scholars remain ill-equipped to engage these traces in order to expand the possibilities of textual interpretation. The journeys of Peter Handke’s notebooks serve as a case study on how to interrogate various definitions of text and methodological approaches that reinforce an understanding of texts as immaterial. This article thus elucidates the conceptual and methodological impediments to more comprehensively integrating materiality into interpretation; an uneasiness, for example, about approaching authorship—the process and agency of textual production—lingers despite resurrections since the Author’s “death” and more recent transdisciplinary retheorizations of agency. The article finally looks to reflections on materiality in another field, art history, to clarify the reasons that integrating materiality into interpretative criticism remains so difficult, so that the field might begin to move beyond these obstacles.
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FRY, ELINOR. « Legal Recharacterization and the Materiality of Facts at the International Criminal Court : Which Changes Are Permissible ? » Leiden Journal of International Law 29, no 2 (29 avril 2016) : 577–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156516000157.
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AbstractThe ICC's Regulation 55, which allows the Trial Chamber to modify the legal characterization of facts in the final judgment, has been used too often and too carelessly. Recharacterization must not exceed the facts and circumstances described in the charges, but material facts and their legal qualification are like communicating vessels; changing the latter affects the former (and vice versa). In their application of Regulation 55 to date, chambers have underappreciated this, treating cases as if they have blurry factual boundaries where material facts can be swapped, neglected, or created at will. This article is not a plea for abolition of Regulation 55, though, but explores which modifications are permissible, and finds that when comparing a change regarding the contextual elements or (sub)categories of crimes to a change regarding the mode of participation the latter is most problematic and often detrimental to the rights of the accused.
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Ситникова et V. Sitnikova. « Non-financial information in the accounting (financial) of organizations ». Auditor 1, no 3 (25 mars 2015) : 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12770.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The necessity of determining the combination of criteria, not only the materiality of information, for the accounting of the individual facts of economic life and disclosures in the financial statements is proved in the article. Some possible ways of accounting policies for the recognition of the significant information provided
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Pietz, William. « Material Considerations ». Theory, Culture & ; Society 19, no 5-6 (décembre 2002) : 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026327602761899138.
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If Harr emphasizes that things become social objects only within particular storylines, Pietz makes the reverse point about the essential materiality of social relationships, especially contractual ones, e.g. as expressed in the legal history of the `material consideration'. Departing from a similar conception of the performative micro-reproduction of social order and the communicative objectification of social facts, he argues that a theory of forensic objects as social facts disrupts not only capitalist presumptions about economic objects as the sole origin of monetary value but also enlightenment conceptions of society as a sphere of consequential human action distinct from nature as the sphere of material causality. The material consideration is one such forensic object. A `material consideration' refers to an obscure but important social object that embodies the power to transform subjective promises into objective obligations and thereby establishes the social fact of legal liability. The failed attempt of liberal philosophers and jurists since the eighteenth century to conceive considerations as mere symbolic evidence of subjective moral intent rather as real enactments of social power demonstrates how difficult it is for modern social theory to articulate the idea of social materiality found in social facts such as considerations, at least as long as it sustains a strict separation between society and nature or between the intentional action of humans and the physical causality of material objects.
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Himawan, M. Hendra. « LIMBAH KERTAS DALAM PENCIPTAAN KARYA PATUNG POTRET DIRI : SIGNIFIKASI MATERIAL DALAM SENI RUPA ». Acintya : Jurnal Penelitian Seni Budaya 14, no 1 (22 juin 2022) : 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/acy.v14i1.4323.
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Abstrak : Signifikasi material membawa implikasi yang mendalam terhadap makna simbolik, konseptual, material dan empirik sebuah karya. Sebagai konsep estetika, materialitas mendudukkan posisi penting dalam formalisme khususnya pada aspek visual murni dan minat strukturalisme perihal konteks dan komunikasi seni. Mengikuti perkembangan wacana teori kritis yang mengakui relativias kebenaran, gagasan materialitas memberikan pendekatan teori seni yang berbasis pada waktu dan situasi. Gagasan terkait materialitas karya seni telah melampaui fakta materi fisiknya. Sebentuk akumulasi informasi yang relevan terkait keberadaan fisik karya, sejarah material, pengalaman personal seniman, benturan sosial, dinamika kerja studio, kecenderungan praktik dalam arus wacana sejarah seni, yang semuanya relevan dengan pengalaman estetis. Fisik karya seni, aspek-aspek yang dapat dirasakan dan diverifikasi oleh pemirsa menjadi pertimbangan pertama seniman. Selanjutnya, fisik karya yang diwujudkan akan berdampak pada konten, lebih lanjut lagi : makna. Makalah ini menguji sejauhmana pemanfaatan limbah kertas sebagai material penciptaan karya seni bersinggungan langsung dengan praktik penciptaan artistic dan dinamika internal subjek seniman.Keywords : Limbah kertas, material, patung potret The significance of the material brings a deep meaning to the symbolic, conceptual, material and empirical meaning of a work. As an aesthetic concept, materiality occupies an important position in formalism, especially in purely visual aspects and structuralism interests date context and art communication. Following the development of critical theory discourse that recognizes the relativity of truth, the notion of materiality provides a theoretical approach based on time and situation. Plants regarding the materiality of works of art have transcended the facts of their physical material. A form of accumulation of relevant information related to the physical existence of the work, historical material, the artist's personal experience, social, studio dynamics, practice trends in art history discourse, all of which are relevant to the aesthetic experience. The physicality of the work of art, aspects that can be enjoyed and enjoyed by the viewer are the first considerations of the artist. Furthermore, the physical work that is realized will have an impact on the content, furthermore: meaning. This paper examines the extent to which the use of paper waste as an art creation material is in direct contact with the practice of creating art and the dynamics of the artist's internal subject.Keywords : paper, material, portrait sculpture
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Atamanchuk-Angel, Valerii. « THE IDEALITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE MATERIALITY AS A CERTAIN MULTIPLICATIVE OPERATION ». Politology bulletin, no 86 (2021) : 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2021.86.24-35.
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The idea is the philosophical issue that needs rethinking. Prejudices similar to geocentrism have influenced and continue to influence the views of theologians and philosophers on «ideas. » Main objective the aim of the work is to summarize what is known about ideal objects, highlighting some fundamental and special properties of the ideal. Research (at the experimental level) of culture (in its broadest sense) allowed relying on facts by induction, by analogy and deduction, using the concepts and means of formalization of set theory, general algebra and mathematical analysis to identify a separate intangible component in cultural substance (fundamental fact), to assume the presence and negativity of the ideal component in living substance, to identify the epicenter of bio and cultural creativity — the Creator. The most important result is the separation of substance and energy of the ideal, the metamorphosis of substance (idempotency of the atom in living and cultural substances), the flow of energy (± entropy) and the evolution of the ideal (creation), as well as identifying the epicenter of bio and cultural creativity. We emphasize that so far at the atomic level. Despite the obvious facts, they did not receive a clear wording. Having received this formulation, they become important in the logical construction of various scientific disciplines and worldview systems. Our statements can be easily verified. Verification methods provide an opportunity to verify the findings. Further research in this direction is urgently needed.
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Tapia, Ruby C. « Profane Illuminations : The Gendered Problematics of Critical Carceral Visualities ». PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no 3 (mai 2008) : 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.3.684.
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Since 1978, the population of women prisoners in the united states has increased by four hundred percent. The number of women now living and dying in cells exceeds 200,000 (United States Dept. of Justice). They are without access to proper health care, without the children that many of them will lose permanently: they are without. These are stark details, obscene in their materiality. They are facts, but they are not the picture. The picture is impossible. Indeed, the picture is the problem.
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Castellanos, Daniela. « Revisiting Aguabuena Pottery-making Through Discontinuity ». Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica Natural Sciences in Archaeology XII, no 2 (30 décembre 2021) : 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2021.2.13.
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Discontinuity plays an important role in the social and material world of Aguabuena potters, a small rural community in the Colombian Andes. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, I explore the changes in modes of production and gender division of work during the last decades of the twentieth century and the fractures in space, memory, and materiality to address discontinuities in ceramic production. The wheel and its transformations are taken as an important factor of these processes. Against the common trend in the archaeology of Colombia to see pottery-making as a static craft, rooted in an indigenous past, this article aims to revisit ethnoarchaeological and ethnographic data to argue how cracks and gaps, besides empirical facts, can be seen as complex analytical lenses through which to embrace ruptures and less linear narratives.
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Dutchak, Ruslan, et Mansur Mamanazarov. « INTERNAL CONTROL OF "BLIND SPOTS" OF ACCOUNTING AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING THE STABILITY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY ». Scientific Journal of Polonia University 29, no 4 (18 juin 2018) : 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/2912.
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The essence of the problem of “blind spots” of accounting at industrial enterprises is investigated. The practical reasons for the appearance of “blind spots” of material resources accounting are revealed. The materiality threshold of such zones at industrial enterprises is established. The danger of the existence of “blind spots” in accounting and the need of internal control to combat them is explained. The methodology of internal control in the part of estimating and controlling the risk of false initial observation of economic operations with material resources has been improved. The process of internal control is supplemented by the procedure of elaboration of managerial decisions alternatives on such measures as saving surplus of material resources, expansion of primary accounting supervision, improvement of documentary processing of facts of economic operations with material resources, and compensation of deficit of material resources.
Thèses sur le sujet "Materiality of facts"
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Silvestri, Kevin. « La simulazione negoziale nel processo civile ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/345843.
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The thesis aims to reconstruct the procedural rules that apply whenever the simulation of contract becomes an issue within a civil proceeding.To this end, a different method is followed from that commonly used by the courts and in the scholarly literature, which have mostly deduced the content of these rules assuming, as a starting point, a certain solution to the problem of the nature of simulated contracts. The courts, that still adhere to the traditional doctrine of nullity of the simulated contract, state that the rules of the civil code dedicated to the action and the objection of nullity shall also apply to the action and objection of simulation. Part of the scholars, rejecting such premises, uphold interpretative solutions that are at odds with those supported by the courts. On the contrary, in this thesis, the legal notion of simulation is assumed as a starting point. Such a legal notion describes the set of facts that lead to a simulation of a contract and to the legal consequences set forth in articles 1414 and ff of the civil code; these facts are thus material to the process in which the simulation is an issue. Hence, the first part of the thesis (chapters 1 to 4) aims at framing the legal notion of simulation within the main categories of civil procedure, and starts from the definition of the legal notion of simulation by critically assessing the two main conceptions of the simulation phenomenon that emerge from the conspicuous literature on the subject: a “negative” conception, which sees the simulation as the lack of an essential element of the contract, and a “positive” conception, which sees the simulation as an agreement between the parties with the aim of excluding the legal effects of a contract between them (simulation agreement). The arguments in support of this last conception are set forth; after that, the question of the structure of the so-called “concealed contract” and the role of the simulation agreement on its formation and effectiveness is examined. The framing of the simulation in the fundamental categories of the process is then carried out through the observation of the legal effects that the simulation activity produces with regard to third parties, and the procedural classification of the substantial categories referred to in Articles 1415 and 1416 of the Italian Civil Code (in particular, unopposability). Finally, the objective scope of the process in which the ascertainment of the simulation of a contract is requested (action of simulation) is defined by critically examining the prevailing doctrine, according to which the said action aims at ascertaining the lack of a “contractual relationship”. Another doctrine is then examined, according to which simulation and nullity may be described as authonomous legal effects capable of being ascertained within a judgment having the force of res judicata. The second part (chapters 5 and 6) is dedicated to the discussion of selected issues of “procedural dynamics”, namely: a) the objection of absolute simulation, and the problem wether the judge may decide upon it ex officio in both the processes aimed at enforcing a simulated contract, and in those that aim, on the contrary, at the declaration of nullity, or at the annulment, rescission or termination of the same contract; b) the multiple facets that the issue of absolute simulation presents in the course of a forced expropriation proceeding undertaken against an “apparent owner”; c) the form of the concealed contract and the extent to which the simulants may prove a relative simulation by witnesses, particularly in the event that the relative simulation of the price of a sale contract is alleged as an objection to an avoidance action promoted by the bankruptcy trustee; d) the stading to an action of simulation; e) the objective scope of the res judicata in the same action.La tesi mira a ricostruire la disciplina processuale della simulazione negoziale, ossia le regole concernenti l'attività compiuta nel processo dalle parti e dal giudice, ogniqualvolta la simulazione di un negozio giuridico sia oggetto di allegazione, prova e decisione (nella forma della mera cognizione o dell'accertamento). Si segue, a tal fine, un metodo diverso da quello comunemente impiegato dalla giurisprudenza e dalla dottrina, le quali hanno perlopiù dedotto il contenuto di tali regole a partire dalla soluzione di volta in volta prescelta al problema della qualificazione del contratto simulato. La giurisprudenza, muovendo dalla tesi della nullità del contratto simulato, conclude per la diretta applicabilità delle norme del codice civile dedicate all'azione e all'eccezione di nullità. Parte della dottrina, discostandosi da quella premessa, propone soluzioni applicative di segno opposto. Al contrario, nel presente lavoro, la centralità solitamente assegnata al contratto simulato, è occupata dalla simulazione, ossia dalla fattispecie degli effetti che gli artt. 1414 e seguenti designano quali “effetti della simulazione”. Detta fattispecie è infatti quanto forma oggetto dell'attività dei soggetti del processo (l'allegazione, la prova, la cognizione e l'accertamento). La ricostruzione della disciplina processuale della simulazione muove pertanto dalla collocazione della fattispecie simulatoria entro le categorie che informano il contenuto di quella disciplina, e cioè la qualificazione della simulazione come tema di prova, come questione di merito oggetto di mera cognizione, nonché, infine, come oggetto del processo e dell'accertamento munito di autorità di cosa giudicata. La prima parte della tesi (capitoli da 1 a 4) si occupa esattamente di tale inquadramento, prendendo le mosse dalla definizione della fattispecie simulatoria e dalla discussione critica delle due opposte concezioni del fenomeno simulatorio che emergono dalla cospicua letteratura sul tema: una concezione “negativa”, che vede nella simulazione una forma qualificata di difetto della fattispecie negoziale, e una concezione “positiva”, che ravvisa la fattispecie simulatoria in un negozio distinto da quello simulato (il c.d. accordo simulatorio). Enunciate le ragioni a sostegno di quest'ultima concezione, si prende in esame la questione della struttura del contratto dissimulato e del ruolo dell'accordo simulatorio sulla formazione e l'efficacia del medesimo. L'inquadramento della simulazione nelle categorie fondamentali del processo prosegue mediante l'osservazione degli effetti giuridici che l'attività simulatoria produce riguardo ai terzi, e l'inquadramento processuale delle categorie sostanziali richiamate negli artt. 1415 e 1416 c.c. (segnatamente, l'inopponibilità). Infine, si definisce l'oggetto dell'azione di simulazione, mettendo di fronte la prevalente tesi che detto oggetto fa coincidere con il rapporto fondamentale contrattuale, e quella minoritaria che addita le azioni di simulazione e nullità quali esempi di processi di accertamento di situazioni giuridiche preliminari. Si sottopone quindi a critica la tesi del rapporto fondamentale. La seconda parte (capitoli 5 e 6) è dedicata alla discussione di profili scelti di dinamica processuale, segnatamente: l'eccezione di simulazione assoluta, e il problema della sua rilevabilità d'ufficio nei processi diretti all'esecuzione del contratto simulato, nonché in quelli che mirano, al contrario, alla dichiarazione della nullità, ovvero all'annullamento, alla rescissione o alla risoluzione dello stesso contratto; le molteplici sfaccettature che presenta la cognizione della simulazione assoluta nel corso (o a lato) dell'espropriazione forzata intrapresa contro il titolare apparente; la forma del contratto dissimulato e l'ampiezza dei poteri istruttori dei simulanti che intendano dar prova della simulazione relativa, e per suo tramite del contratto dissimulato, particolarmente nel caso in cui la simulazione relativa del prezzo venga addotta per contrastare l'azione revocatoria promossa dal curatore fallimentare contro una compravendita immobiliare “a prezzo vile”; la legittimazione ad agire nell'azione di simulazione; i limiti oggettivi del giudicato di accertamento della simulazione.
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Strydom, Johan Joost. « Enkele opmerkings oor die wesenlikheidsvereiste in die lig van Qilingele v South African Mutual Life Assurance Society 1993(1) SA 69(A) ». Diss., 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16139.
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Summaries in English and AfrikaansWanvoorstelling van wesenlike feite deur omiss/o aan 'n versekeraar kan tot gevolg he dat die versekeringskontrak ongeldig verklaar word ingevolge die gemene reg. In Mutual and Federal Insurance Co Ltd v Oudtshoorn Municipality 1985 (1) SA 419 (A) is beslis dat wesenlikheid bepaal moet word vanuit die oogpunt van die redelike man. In 'n paging om bewys van die wesenlikheid van feite te vermy, het versekeraars vereis dat aansoekers die voorstellings in die kontrak moat waarborg. Dit het tot gevolg gehad dat voorstellings wat in die kontrak gewaarborg is outomaties wesenlik was. Sedert die invoering van artikel 63(3) van die Versekeringswet 27 van 1943 deur die wetgewer gedurende 1969, is die wesenlikheid van voorstellings egter 'n vereiste, selfs waar dit in die kontrak gewaarborg is. Versekeraars sou dus in die toekoms nie agter kontraktuele wanvoorstellings kon skuil nie. Hierdie maatreel het meer beskerming aan die versekerde gebied. In Qilingele v South African Mutual Life Assurance Society 1993 (1) SA 69 (A) is die toets vir wesenlikheid, soos vereis deur artikel 63{3), aangespreek. Dit het die vraag laat ontstaan of daar twee aparte toetse vir wesenlikheid bestaan, naamlik gemeenregtelik en statuter, en of daar een algemene toets bestaan.
Misrepresentation by omissio of material facts to an insurer may lead to an insurance contract being declared invalid in terms of the common law. In Mutual and Federal Insurance v Oudtshoorn Municipality 1985 (1) SA 419 (A) it was decided to determine materiality in the eyes of the reasonable man. To avoid proving materiality of facts, the insurers required proposers to warrant the representations in the contract. This resulted in the facts automatically being material. In 1969 parliament, .however, enacted section 63(3) of the Insurance Act 27 of 1943 whereby materiality of presentations, even where it was warranted in the contract, became a requirement. Therefore insurers could in future not hide behind contractual misrepresentations. This provided more protection to the insured. Qilingele v SA Mutual Life Assurance Society 1993 (1) SA 69 (A) addresses the test for materiality as required by section 63(3). This resulted in the question whether two separate tests for materiality in terms of common law and statute, or only one exists.
Criminal and Procedural Law
LL.M.
Livres sur le sujet "Materiality of facts"
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Shi shi qiu shi yu wei wu bian zheng fa. Yinchuan Shi : Ningxia ren min chu ban she, 1985.
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Laitinen, Riitta. Order, Materiality, and Urban Space in the Early Modern Kingdom of Sweden. NL Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462981355.
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Our corporeality and immersion in the material world make us inherently spatial beings, and the fact that we all share everyday experiences in the global physical environment means that community is also spatial by nature. This book explores the relationship between the seventeenth-century townspeople of Turku, Sweden, and their urban surroundings. Riitta Laitinen offers a novel account of civil and social order in this early modern town, highlighting the central importance of materiality and spatiality and breaking down the dichotomy of public versus private life that has dominated traditional studies of the time period.
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Levine, Joseph. The Q Factor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800088.003.0009.
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In this paper I criticize the Chalmers–Jackson position on the commitments of Materialism from a new direction. Unlike my earlier critique, and that of Block and Stalnaker, I here accept for the sake of argument the overall neo-Fregean semantic project that Chalmers and Jackson employ to draw out the alleged a priori commitments of Materialism. Focusing on their response to Block and Stalnaker in The Philosophical Review, I argue that even granting them their semantic framework they beg the question against the (type B) Materialist. The crucial issue concerns whether, in demonstrating that macro-facts about water can be derived from the basic facts, it is legitimate to include phenomenal facts among the basic ones.
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Forth, Christopher E., et Alison Leitch. Fat : Culture and Materiality. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2014.
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Fat : Culture and Materiality. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2014.
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Alter, Torin. Are There Brute Facts about Consciousness ? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758600.003.0008.
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Anti-materialist arguments such as the knowledge argument, the conceivability argument, and the explanatory gap argument do not establish the existence of brute phenomenal facts about consciousness. First, those arguments work by exploiting specific features of the physical, which some nonphenomenal entities might lack. Even if the arguments establish an ontological gap between the physical and the phenomenal, they do not establish a gap between the nonphenomenal and the phenomenal. But they would have to establish such a gap to show that there are brute phenomenal facts. Second, the arguments do not rule out certain views on which there are no such facts. The chapter’s conclusion leaves open the possibility that combining the anti-materialist arguments with other considerations would establish the existence of brute phenomenal facts. However, whether that strategy can succeed is unclear. That and other considerations are used to support agnosticism about the existence of brute phenomenal facts.
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Food, Festival and Religion : Materiality and Place in Italy. Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.
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Sauer, Michelle M., et Jenny C. Bledsoe, dir. The Materiality of Middle English Anchoritic Devotion. Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781641894883.
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Anchorites and their texts, such as <i>Ancrene Wisse</i>, have recently undergone a reevaluation based on material circumstances, not just theological import. The articles here address a variety of anchoritic or anchoritic-adjacent texts, encompassing guidance literature, hagiographies, miracle narratives, medical discourse, and mystic prose, and spanning in date from the eighth through the fourteenth centuries. Exploring reclusion and materiality, the collection addresses a series of overlapping themes, including the importance of touch, the limits of religious authority, and the role of the senses. Objects, metaphorical and real, embodied and spiritual, populate the pages. These categories are permeable, with flexible and porous boundaries, demonstrating the conflation of ideas, concepts, and manifestations in medieval materiality. In fact, the permeability of these categories demonstrates how materiality can reshape our approach to medieval texts. It leaves room for directions for future study, including the application of material analysis to previously unstudied objects, spaces, and literary artifacts.
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Strawson, Galen. “But next …” : Personal Identity without Substantial Continuity. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161006.003.0013.
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This chapter examines the notion that personal identity or sameness of subject of experience across time doesn't require sameness of substance or substantial composition across time, any more than the diachronic continuity of an individual animal life requires sameness of substance or substantial composition. It begins with a discussion of materialism, one of John Locke's principal ideas in his discussion of personal identity, and especially the idea that one's whole psychological being—one's character, personality, memory, and so on—is wholly located in one's brain. It then considers Locke's claim that materialists can—must—allow full transmission of personal identity across complete change of substance, along with his attempt to block an argument from the taken-for-granted or nonnegotiable fact of personal responsibility on the Day of Judgment to the immateriality of thinking substance.
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Huneman, Philippe, et Charles T. Wolfe. Man-Machines and Embodiment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190490447.003.0011.
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A common and enduring early modern intuition is that materialists reduce organisms in general and human beings in particular to automata. Wasn’t a famous book of the time (1748) entitled L’Homme-Machine? In fact, the machine is employed as an analogy, and there was a specifically materialist form of embodiment, in which the body is not reduced to an inanimate machine, but is conceived as an affective, flesh-and-blood entity. This paper discusses how mechanist and vitalist models of organism exist in a more complementary relation than hitherto imagined, with conceptions of embodiment resulting from experimental physiology. From La Mettrie to Bernard, mechanism, body and embodiment are constantly overlapping, modifying and overdetermining one another; embodiment came to be scientifically addressed under the successive figures of vie organique and then milieu intérieur, thereby overcoming the often lamented divide between scientific image and living experience.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Materiality of facts"
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McLean, Christine, et Jeremy Aroles. « Making Organizational Facts, Standards, and Routines : Tracing Materialities and Materializing Traces ». Dans Materiality and Time, 81–98. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137432124_5.
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Henry-Tierney, Pauline. « The Many Faces of Beauvoir : Paratranslated Materiality in Le Deuxième Sexe ». Dans Translating Feminism, 43–65. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79245-9_2.
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Segev, Sigal, Aviv Shoham et Yossi Gavish. « Materialism through a Magnifying Glass : A Comprehensive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Three Facets of Materialism ». Dans Marketing Dynamism & ; Sustainability : Things Change, Things Stay the Same…, 247. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10912-1_80.
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Hasson, Katie Ann. « Introduction : Menstruation as Material ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 669–72. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_49.
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Abstract The varying meanings attached to menstruation, the stories we tell about it, the ways we manage it, and even how we experience menstruation differ depending on time, place, culture, and individual embodiment. But menstruation itself should seem self-evident. Menstruation is a biological reality, after all—a material fact, a fluid produced by the body that can be seen and felt, a reality that gives rise to a range of materials and products designed to absorb or contain it. And yet, as the chapters in this section show, despite its seemingly obvious materiality, menstruation must nonetheless be made to “matter.”
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Abreu, Maria José de. « Camera Fog ; or, The Pendulum of Austerity in Contemporary Portugal ». Dans Errans, 113–40. Berlin : ICI Berlin Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-24_5.
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This essay analyzes the semantics of fog in the context of neoliberal austerity in Portugal. Drawing on portraits of young Portuguese in the style of vignettes, the essay historicizes the political and epistemological uses of fog as a medium. Attending to the materiality of fog — a blurring through which visibility occurs — the argument unearths the logical structure of recurrence in and as crisis as it affects the powers of decision-making. The goal is to push the limits of this recurring structure into the present, in order to better expose how two seemingly opposite historical eras — authoritarianism and neoliberalism — share, in fact, the enduring structure of potentiation in language and governance.
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Formato, Enrico. « New Urbanization Phenomena and Potential Landscapes : Rhizomatic Grids and Asymmetrical Clusters ». Dans Regenerative Territories, 135–45. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_8.
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AbstractMore and more nowadays, the Circular Economy is at the heart of European public policies. As a result of the “Next Generation EU” Recovery Plans, a huge amount of financial resources will be available in the coming years to give shape the concept of “ecological transition". For that purpose, radical vision and operational concreteness are needed.In order to strengthen the territorial dimension of public policies aimed at ecological transition, the paper points to consider the status quo of the European territory, looking for recurring elements and differences. In this perspective, a return of “hard” urban studies, focusing on the issues of land ownership, land parcelling, infrastructural and urbanization procedures (and their relationships with the environment and the landscape) should be conducted at the European scale.A central role for the future of contemporary territories is recognized in the so-called “fringe area”, the part of the urban region where patterns of building development and unbuilt space interwave: its intermediary character, as a place between the compact city and the suburban countryside, makes this zone favourable to the collaboration between the two worlds. In addition, its easy accessibility from both the denser contexts and the outer areas makes it the perfect place to locate the equipment required to create short supply chains, so relevant for the circular economy and the ecological transition.These transition areas need to be rethought as new collective spaces of the contemporary city, areas for the proliferation of biodiversity, inhibited from settlement increase and subject to restrictions on car traffic. In them, the circular dimension of the new green economy could give shape to certain spatial conditions and new landscapes.Two main spatial models can describe this sustainable reform of the peri-urban territories. The first one assumes the figure of the “cluster”: a territorially and functionally defined region with one or more reference centres and an edge marking the discontinuity from other clusters. The second model is based on the figure of the “grid”: an unlimited mesh, which gives measure and organizes space according to a replicable and open system. This spatiality is built on a redundant and weak infrastructure, devoid of hierarchy, which can give rise to a sponge rich in pores, with neither internal nor external boundaries.The concept of the materiality also deals with the physical status of each context where the clusters of shortening flows would define local metabolisms, self-sufficient, marked by the use and recycling of what can be produced or “extracted” in the cluster itself. The closing of short supply chains for the use and recycling of materials, also with reference to the construction cycle and CDW recycling, would have direct consequences on the architectural character of the new arrangements: a kind of hyper-contextualism in which the landscape takes on grains, colours, materiality, closely linked to the local condition.Finally, a reflection on the rationales of the project is outlined. What is proposed, in fact, requires going beyond the traditional way in which the project has been conceived. In fact, these urban reconfiguration processes, structurally open to uncertainty, would take advantage of a programmatic choice of spatial incompleteness: a condition of “unfinished”, open to the accumulation over time of functions, forms, aggregations and densifications.
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Collins, Stephanie. « Towards a Metaphysics of Membership ». Dans Organizations as Wrongdoers, 27—C2P76. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192870438.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter addresses two questions. First, what is the metaphysical relation between organizations and their members? Second, how can we account for organizations’ existence as material objects? It aims to address the second question by answering the first question. The chapter argues that the relations of supervenience, causation, and anchoring cannot capture the relation between an organization and its members. Each of these relations holds between an organization and a large number of non-members; therefore, these relations cannot capture what is distinctive of the organization–member relation. The chapter argues that members are most centrally mereological parts of organizations, though it’s also true that some facts about members ground some facts about organizations. The primary relation between members and organizations is, therefore, a relation of mereology, such that organizations’ materiality resides in their members and organizations are located wherever their members are located.
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Behr, Charlotte. « The materiality of faces ». Dans Barbaric Splendour : The Use of Image Before and After Rome, 102–20. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1zcm0nn.10.
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Knapp, A. Bernard. « Matter of fact : ». Dans Materiality and Social Practice, 32–50. Oxbow Books, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dhvj.7.
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Tosoni, Simone, et Trevor Pinch. « Social Construction of Technology ». Dans Entanglements. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035279.003.0003.
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The chapter focuses on the Social Construction of Technology approach (SCOT) by Trevor Pinch and Wiebe Bijker, introducing the reader to its initial formulation (1984), and to the subsequent extensions – and sometimes reformulations – elaborated in more than 30 year of empirical research. It first clarifies how the Empirical Programme of Relativism, elaborated by the Bath School to address the social construction of scientific facts, was adapted to technological artifacts. In particular the concepts of relevant social groups, interpretative flexibility, closure or stabilization are in-depth discussed. Regarding relevant social groups, the chapter dedicates a peculiar attention to users, sellers and testers, all understudied in the original formulation of SCOT. The chapter then clarifies SCOT’s take on materiality, and discusses its main differences with the idea of nonhuman agency proposed by Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Finally, it goes back to the Golem Trilogy to discuss with the author the specific take on politics implied by SCOT.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Materiality of facts"
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Mostafavi, Sina, Mohammad Saad Moharram et Adeeb Khaeez. « Fundamentals of Robotic Fabrication in Architecture : Multi Materiality, Multiscale Resolution and Multimode Production ». Dans International Conference on the 4th Game Set and Match (GSM4Q-2019). Qatar University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/gsm4q.2019.0032.
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This paper discusses the recent advancement in architectural materialization processes. The focus is on design to robotic production systems through which the realization of more efficient building processes and building products is achieved. Introducing three prototypical case studies, the research specifically addresses some of the major fundamentals of robotic production in architecture. Considering the fact, that building systems have consisted of numerous subsystems each with varying requirements, hybridity or multi-materiality is essential in architectural design. Therefore, computation to production of efficient hybrid systems with multiple materials is tested and prototyped in a series of case studies. The introduced multilateral system is a hybrid of concrete as the structural material and expanded polystyrene as the second substance. Beyond the description about computational design, digital modeling and robotic production methods, this project highlights how through using robotic production the process of mold making and concrete casting is re-examined. The second topic is the resolution, which is about simultaneous design to production in multiple scales, ranging from micro to macro. This is elaborated and prototyped in a case study on incremental metal forming. In this project, the very micro scale manipulation of bendable thin sheets of metal results in stiffness according to the design requirements. The last subject is explained in design to robotic production of a customized table with numerous components in expanded polystyrene that will be coated in fiberglass. In this design, multimode robotic production methods are implemented according the curvature analysis. As a result, the evaluation of the efficiency of the production process is feedback to design process in which hot wire cutting is applied to single curvature surfaces, while robotic milling is only applied where needed. Providing more details about the projects, the paper will conclude with a framework on fundamentals of robotic production in architecture.
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Abrons, Ellie, Meredith Miller, Adam Fure et Thom Moran. « Reassembly ». Dans 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.10.
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The story of post-industrial urban decline in America is well known. Bustling cities fall victim to changing economic structures and globalization. Wealth moves out of city centers, leaving behind evacuated buildings and vacant lots where houses once stood and transforming vibrant neighborhoods into sparsely populated areas that lack the density necessary to sustain urban life. Municipalities deem abandoned buildings “blight” and assemble task forces to eradicate them. In response to this pressing urban reality, we have been developing a speculative approach to reusing buildings and materials called “reassembly.” Reassembly views a building’s materiality as a matter-of-fact, as a resource for architecture stripped of the negative assumptions commonly associated with disused properties. Building components are taken apart, moved around, piled up, and mixed with new construction to create alternative uses and forms.
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Kamikubo, Hisashi, Dasisuke Ikegami, Kotaro Sato, Shinichi Mizuno, Okitsugu Furuya et Yoshinobu Tujimoto. « Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Water-Entry Blades ». Dans ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45010.
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The partially submerged ventilated propeller (PSVP) is of interest to many researchers and ship builders due to its high propulsive efficiency and thrusting capability at the high sea states. As a matter of fact, it is now used for those ships of high speed up to 50 knots. However, its full capability is not totally utilized to date due to the complex nature of both hydrodynamic and material problems. It is a well known fact that PSVP fails materially after a certain period of time. The cause of the failure is not fully understood to date. Although PSVP is tested in the form of propeller for many years, the detailed ventilation phenomena, i.e., blade entry problems are not fully investigated. The paper presented herein will discuss about the results of blade entry experiments with two-dimensional blades of triangular shape used.
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del Camp, Matias, et Sandra Manninger. « Augmentations of the Real : A Critical Interrogation of the Relationship between the Actual, the Virtual and the Real ». Dans 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.28.
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Augmentations of the Real presents itself as an occasion to critically interrogate the opportunities that Augmented Reality present for the discipline of architecture1. The problem was illuminated from different angles, reaching from aspects of the augmentation of spatial experiences through articulation and ornamentation, to aspects of AR as an aid in advanced construction methodologies. Special attention was given to the fact that these techniques seamlessly fuse aspects of symbolic culture with considerations of materialism. Augmentations of the Real is profoundly embedded in speculative territories. Moments of uncertainty collide with aspects of precision and control. The result is not an imitation of the former but rather a contemporary interpretation. The foundation can be discerned in the possibility to overlap various experience levels, which allows mining for potentialities in contemporary ornamentations. In this extent, Augmentations of the Real can be considered part of the discussion on Post Digital discourse in Architecture. An era in which computational tools are part of normal reality and other aspects of Digital Design are positioned center stage. Not the toolsets become the main actors, but the cultural agency produced by the toolsets.
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Kalvakala, Krishna C., et Suresh K. Aggarwal. « PAHs and Soot Emissions in Oxygenated Ethylene Diffusion Flames at Elevated Pressures ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2018 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77180.
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Operating combustion systems at elevated pressures has the advantage of improved thermal efficiency and system compactness. However, it also leads to increased soot emission. We report herein a computational study to characterize the effect of oxygenation on PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) and soot emissions in ethylene diffusion flames at pressures 1–8atm. Laminar oxygenated flames are established in a counterflow configuration by using N2 diluted fuel stream along with O2 enriched oxidizer stream such that the stoichiometric mixture fraction (ζst) is varied, but the adiabatic flame temperature is not materially changed. Simulations are performed using a validated fuel chemistry model and a detailed soot model. The primary objective of the study was to expand the fundamental understanding of PAH and soot formation in oxygenated flames at elevated pressures. At a given pressure, as the level of oxygenation (ζst) is increased, we observe a significant reduction in PAHs (benzene and pyrene) and consequently in soot formation. Further, at a fixed ζst, as pressure is increased, it leads to increased benzene and pyrene formation, and thus increased soot emission. The reaction path analysis indicates that this can be attributed to the fact that at higher pressures, the C2/C4 path becomes more significant for benzene formation compared to the propargyl recombination path.
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Río Vázquez, Antonio Santiago. « La lección del embalse. Le Corbusier y los aprovechamientos hidroeléctricos ». Dans LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.1007.
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Resumen: El interés de Le Corbusier por los aprovechamientos hidroeléctricos es una constante a lo largo de su vida, sobre todo como inspiración y referencia para proyectar su arquitectura, dando forma a una lección del embalse que veremos enfocada de diferentes maneras y en distintos momentos, desde su descubrimiento durante el trabajo en Vienne (Francia) para la Société d’applications du bétón armé hasta el intento de materialización con la obra de Bhakra en la India, pasando por etapas sucesivas en las que se va exponiendo, publicando o compartiendo, mediante conferencias, textos teóricos o encuentros en viajes, como el realizado a los Estados Unidos en 1946, cuando visita el macroproyecto de la Tennessee Valley Authority y deja constancia en la primera edición americana de Quand les catedrales étaient blanches: voyage au pays des timides. A través de sus palabras, de sus dibujos y de sus proyectos vamos revelando las dos caras de la lección del embalse: la que se desprende de manera inmediata desde las realidades encontradas, que tendrá su impulso final paralelo a la construcción de Chandigarh con la implicación en la presa sobre el Sutlej; y la cara oculta, desvelada como aportaciones e influencias progresivas en su arquitectura. Ambas caras permanecerán como el testimonio de la fértil relación entre Le Corbusier y los aprovechamientos hidroeléctricos. Abstract: The interest of Le Corbusier on hydroelectric industry is a constant throughout his life, especially as inspiration and reference to project its architecture, shaping a lesson of the dam that we will see focused in different ways and at different times, from their discovery while working in Vienne (France) for the Société d’applications du bétón armé to the attempt to materialize the work of Bhakra in India, through successive stages in wich he will be in exposing, publishing or sharing through conferences, theoretical texts and encounters on trips, like the one made to the United States in 1946, when he visits the macro project of Tennessee Valley Authority and describes it in the first American edition of Quand les cathedrals étaient blanches: voyage au pays des timides. Through his words, his drawings and his projects we will reveal the two faces of the lesson of the dam: the one which follows immediately from the facts found, which will find the final attempt parallel to the construction of Chandigarh with the involvement at the dam on Sutlej; and the other side, unveiled as inputs and progressive influences in its architecture. Both sides remain as the testimony of the fertile relationship between Le Corbusier and hydroelectric industry. Palabras clave: Arquitectura; Siglo XX; Le Corbusier; agua; industria; embalse. Keywords: Architecture; 20th Century; Le Corbusier; water; industry; dam. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.1007
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Echeverria-Villagomez, Salvador. « The SI Revisited by Universities ». Dans NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.23.
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The revision of the SI brings a great opportunity for many communities that make use of metrology, many times without realizing what is behind. Some of these communities are the whole society, common citizens that care for their health, safety and the environment; sellers-consumers; industry and enterprises; and the knowledge communities such as universities and research centers. This paper has to do with the meaning of the revision made to the SI by the scientific community and so, it is mostly of the interest of the last group, universities, engineering-science schools and research centers. The construction of the SI as a concept, or a system of concepts, clearly obeys the fundamental principles of formal science: the search for unity, totality and simplicity. From that standpoint, it is fairly easy to see how the development of the different disciplines in science have evolved together with the branches of metrology: classical mechanics with weights, length and time; electromagnetical theory with the electrical units of charge, current and tension; thermal sciences with the kelvin; chemistry with the mol; light with the candela… Are all of these necessary and independent to allow us understand and explain nature? Is this a ´generating set’ of vectors that has the scientific qualities of being all comprehensive and with the minimum expression? And what about the technological-material realizations of those concepts? Because measurement is the fundamental link that connects facts to theory. Without any of those anchors, there is no measurement. So, theoretical models have to be clearly understood by metrologists, as well as the practical means to materialize and demonstrate such theories, within certain values and margins of uncertainty. The paper analyses these questions and, knowing that ´the history of science is a succession or decreasing errors’ (F. Engels), makes a deep reflection on the parallel evolution of metrology with science and posts a proposal on how it could be taught in science and engineering universities to enrich their curricula.
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GAID, Salima. « THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF PHYSICS TO THE RISE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AT THE OPENING OF THE MODERN ERA ». Dans 2. IJHER-International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress2-4.
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Modern Western philosophy is the third stage in the history of philosophy, and it begins at the beginning of the seventeenth century with Descartes. The reason why historians of philosophy have classified this philosophy in a third stage is that it represented a new type of philosophizing completely different from the philosophical pattern that prevailed in the middle Ages. The truth is that the rise of this new style of philosophizing did not come out of nothing, but it rather emerged from a set of objective reasons, including the religious reform and scientific advance or renaissance, that various sciences have witnessed; mainly physics in the forefront. Physics has known amazing developments thanks to great scientists; the most famous of them is Galileo, who is credited with establishing modern physics. The rise of modern physics led directly to the emergence of modern philosophy, and the developments that physics will know after the Renaissance will also be directly reflected in the development of philosophy. This point in particular is what we would like to study in this research paper, we will seek to demonstrate the close relations between philosophy and physics at the beginning of the modern era, to show through them the contributions of physics to the rise of modern philosophy, and its aftermath developments. These contributions appear in the fact that physics determines the subject of philosophy, its method in particular, and its identification of the various issues that it will raise, as well as the various theories and doctrines that it will construct to answer them. Key words: Mechanics, Materialism, Mechanism, Atomism, Expérimental Method, Empiricism.
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Giunta, Giuseppe, Sergio Budano, Antonio Lucci et Luca Prandi. « Pipeline Health Integrity Monitoring (PHIM) Based on Acoustic Emission Technique ». Dans ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78545.
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The Acoustic Emission (AE) technique allows taking under control the damage as superficial flaws (S-Flaws) occurred during service operation of remarkable zones of steel components, monitoring the initiation and the propagation of critical defects, submitted to static or variable stresses and aggressive environment exposure. In the framework of the eni gas&power research project oriented to the development of a “AE methodology” for monitoring critical sections of gas transmission pipelines, a study has been carried out jointly with Centro Sviluppo Materiali (CSM), aimed to investigate reliability and applicability of the AE technique to steels used in the Oil&Gas industry. Steel grades API 5L X65, X80 and X100, representative of traditional and new gas pipelines, have been selected. The project was scheduled investigating the potential of these steels to release elastic waves generated by sources of damage related to ductile or brittle fracture mechanisms. Hydraulic tests until failure were carried out on single pipes using steel grade API 5L X65 for monitoring the growing of the damage on the tip of artificial surface notches (S-flaw), machined on the wall thickness [1]. Water was used as internal fluid and temperature effect was considered as well. The capability of the AE technique to discriminate ductile and brittle fractures, the essential information to approach an integrity assessment procedure, was achieved. This paper, respect to the previous ones [1], extends the AE methodology for monitoring pipelines supplying both oil and gas. In fact a third burst test was carried out filling the pipe by air and the results on this item are presented.
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Marichelar, Gabriela. « Politicas habitacionales y politicas urbanas, una relacion conflictiva ». Dans Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona : Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6208.
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Las políticas habitacionales construyen parte de la ciudad, materializando un hecho urbano. En base a la experiencia transitada en la implementación del Plan Federal de Construcción de Viviendas en la Provincia de Buenos Aires podemos leer efectos dispares en las ciudades y en la vida de las personas. La localización de las viviendas y el suelo utilizado fueron insumos utilizados para verificar si, en tanto política social, la política habitacional actúa redistribuyendo renta urbana, mejorando la localización de la población en la estructura urbana.
En este trabajo nos proponemos problematizar a la política habitacional, como parte de la política urbana, analizando tensiones y relaciones. Apoyados en la mediación que nos propone el PFCV, indagamos en la implementación de la política en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Algunos municipios han llevado adelante algunas estrategias novedosas saldando experiencias y aportando un camino en pos de implementación de políticas habitacionales enmarcadas en políticas urbanas integrales. Housing policies are part of the city, an urban fact materialize. Based on the busy experience in implementing the Federal Housing Construction Plan in Provincia of Buenos Aires we read different effects in cities and in the lives of people. The location of houses and land used were used to verify whether, as social policy, housing policy inputs urban acts redistributing income, better localization of the population in the urban structure.
In this paper we propose to problematize the housing policy, as part of urban policy, analyzing tensions and relationships. Supported in mediation is proposed in the PFCV, we investigate the implementation of the policy in the Province of Buenos Aires. Some locals governments have carried out some new strategies settling experiences and providing a path towards implementation of housing policies framed in comprehensive urban policy.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Materiality of facts"
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Lustosa Rosario, Ana Carolina, Bar Ben Yaacov, Cecilia Franco Segura, Elena Arias Ortiz, Elena Heredero, Juanita Botero, Patrick Brothers, Thiago Payva et Maria Spies. Education Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003828.
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Education Technology has the potential to be a powerful engine for transformation in Latin America and the Caribbean, however the size of the challenge is formidable. The region faces the worst socio-economic crisis in more than a century, is one of the lowest performing education systems globally and has a chronic skills gap. New solutions, new approaches and new thinking is needed now more than ever. Stakeholders in the region see the potential for EdTech to support greater access to education, better experiences and outcomes for learners, and greater efficiency. Interest and investment in EdTech is increasing, with over 1500 EdTech startups across LAC and a six-fold increase in private capital investment in the last year alone. This report combines the strengths of the IDB group and HolonIQ, two organizations passionate about the future of Latin America and the Caribbean with a belief in the power of education to change futures. It is in the spirit of collaboration that this project set out to map EdTech in the LAC region, surface the innovations and impact that EdTech is making, as well as to identify the challenges faced and opportunities for greater impact. The key recommendations in this report are designed to provide policy-makers, education leaders, EdTech entrepreneurs, investors and other stakeholders with information and inspiration to support their initiatives that improve and accelerate education technology for the region, in order to have a materially positive impact on education outcomes in the region.
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Goeke, Pascal. Grundlagen wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens : ein verbindlicher Leitfaden und Ratgeber für Studierende der Geographie an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, novembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.2111.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Gutes wissenschaftliches Arbeiten: Wieso? Weshalb? Warum? Ein Universitätsstudium bedeutet vielfach Selbststudium: eigenständiges Recherchieren und Aufbereiten von Informationen sowie die Vermittlung dieser Informationen und gegebenenfalls eigener Erkenntnisse in schriftlicher oder mündlicher Form. Der vorliegende Leitfaden bietet dabei eine Hilfestellung. Zum einen werden Tipps für ein effizientes und erfolgreiches Studium vorgestellt und zum anderen formale Anforderungen an gutes wissenschaftliches Arbeiten erläutert und begründet. Viele der vorgestellten Techniken und Methoden werden Sie auch bei Praktika, ehrenamtlichen Tätigkeiten oder im Berufsleben nutzen können. Der erste Teil widmet sich der Recherche. Die Literatur- und Quellensuche ist eine Voraussetzung für jede wissenschaftliche Arbeit. Ziel ist es, relevante Literatur und (Daten-)Quellen für die Bearbeitung einer Fragestellung im vorgegebenen zeitlichen Rahmen möglichst vollständig zu erfassen. Anschließend müssen aus den verfügbaren Informationen diejenigen ausgewählt werden, die sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Qualität als auch ihrer inhaltlichen Bedeutung für das eigene Thema besonders wichtig sind und daher intensiver bearbeitet werden sollen. Sie finden in diesem Teil Antworten auf Fragen wie die folgenden: • Wann nutze ich Lehrbücher, wann wissenschaftliche Aufsätze? • Wie grenze ich meine Literatur- und Datensuche ein? • Welche Hilfen bietet das Internet? Im Anschluss an die Recherche und Aufbereitung der Materialien folgt die Erstellung von Texten in Form von Protokollen, Hausarbeiten, Referaten, Projektberichten oder einer Abschlussarbeit. Wie immer gilt auch in diesem Fall: Das Wissen, das man im Kopf hat, ist „Schall und Rauch“, wenn man es nicht vernünftig zu Papier bringen oder im Vortrag vermitteln kann. Der oft gehörte Satz „Ich habe eigentlich alles gewusst und konnte es ‚nur‘ nicht rüberbringen“ ist absurd, denn nichts von dem, was Sie nicht kommunizieren können – schriftlich oder mündlich (s. u.) – kann Gegenstand einer Auseinandersetzung, einer Diskussion oder einer Bewertung sein. Der zweite Teil dieses Leitfadens widmet sich daher der Frage, wie man Wissen schriftlich kommuniziert. Dafür gibt es zum einen formale Regeln, die es einzuhalten gilt (Zitierweisen, Gliederungssystematik, Umgang mit Abbildungen etc.), und zum anderen Konventionen, die eine gute schriftliche Arbeit erfüllen muss: Gibt es eine Fragestellung und wird diese stringent hergeleitet? Gibt es einen roten Faden und wird dieser über die ganze Arbeit verfolgt? Werden theoretische Überlegungen sinnvoll mit empirischen Arbeiten verknüpft? Qualitätsstandards, die Sie bei jeder Beurteilung eines Lehrbuches oder einer wissenschaftlichen Arbeit zu Grunde legen und die Sie ebenso auch von Ihren eigenen Arbeiten fordern sollten. Gespräche mit Geographinnen und Geographen, die in der Wirtschaft oder bei öffentlichen Einrichtungen arbeiten, zeigen stets eines ganz deutlich: Bei der Frage, ob man sich bei Einstellungsgesprächen für oder gegen eine Bewerberin oder einen Bewerber entscheidet, kommt es erst in zweiter Linie auf die fachlichen Qualifikationen an. Diese werden eigentlich vorausgesetzt. Sie sind die Hürde, die man schon bei der schriftlichen Bewerbung nehmen muss. Geographisches Know-how und thematische Spezialisierungen entscheiden also darüber, ob man eingeladen wird oder nicht, nicht aber, ob man den Job letztlich bekommt. Hierfür sind die „soft skills“ entscheidend: Passen die Kandidaten ins Team, können sie sich gut verkaufen, wirken sie souverän? Kurz: Ob man detailliert darüber Bescheid weiß, wie z. B. Stadtmarketing funktioniert, ist nur dann relevant, wenn man dieses Wissen auch vermitteln kann. Der dritte Teil des Leitfadens widmet sich deshalb genau diesen Fragen des „Präsentierens“. Denn wo kann man dies besser lernen als in einem Seminar oder auf einer Exkursion: Wie strukturiere ich einen Kurzvortrag prägnant und spannend (Beispiel Bewerbung: „Erzählen Sie mal in fünf Minuten, was Sie in Ihrem Studium gemacht haben“), wie gliedere ich einen längeren Vortrag, wie gestalte ich einen Exkursionsblock und wie setze ich sinnvoll didaktische Hilfsmittel der Visualisierung ein? Dieser Leitfaden hilft Ihnen bei der Bewältigung Ihres Studiums. Da aber nichts perfekt ist und alles noch besser geht, würden wir uns über kritische Anmerkungen und kreative Verbesserungsvorschläge sehr freuen. Bitte wenden Sie sich – schriftlich oder mündlich – an die Lehrenden des Fachs.