Bibliographies thématiques / Material and Mechanical Characterization

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Material and Mechanical Characterization »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Material and Mechanical Characterization"

Mohd Riza, Nor Syaheera, Nuryazmin Ahmat Zainuri, Mohd Zaki Nuawi, Noorhelyna Razali et Haliza Othman. « Pencirian Sifat Mekanikal Bahan dengan Pendekatan Analisis Fraktal ». Jurnal Kejuruteraan si5, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2022) : 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-si5(2)-12.

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Material selection is one of the main factors in the building structure. In this study, an alternative method was implemented using fractal analysis method. The use of this method can be used for cost savings and accident rates to identify the mechanical properties of each material. The purpose of this research is to study the time series resulting from experiments using piezo film sensors using fractal analysis and investigating the properties of different mechanical materials (poisson ratios) with different impact forces using fractal dimensions. There are four types of selected materials namely brass, copper, mild steel and stainless steel which is in round in shape. Different impact forces are generated by using an impact hammer and subsequently a vibration signal is obtained from a piezo film sensor. Using Matlab software, analysis using the fractal method was performed. The fractal dimension was obtained from the gradient values of the log-log plot and the fractal dimension was calculated for each impact force applied to each specimen. Then, fractal dimension values were compared using CES Edupack2012 for characterization of the properties of each material. It can be concluded that the value of fractal dimension increases when the impact forces increase too whereas a decrease in the poisson ratio occurs when the fractal dimensions of each material increase.

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Vogel, J., H. J. Feige, J. Saupe, S. Schubert et J. Grimm. « Mechanical material characterization of photosensitive polymers ». Microsystem Technologies 20, n^o 10-11 (15 décembre 2013) : 1975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-013-2028-0.

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Bellelli, Alberto, et Andrea Spaggiari. « Magneto-mechanical characterization of magnetorheological elastomers ». Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, n^o 17 (8 février 2019) : 2534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19828828.

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This work analyses the properties and the magneto-mechanical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomers, a class of smart materials not yet broadly investigated. First, set of several samples of this material was manufactured, each one characterized by a different percentage of ferromagnetic material inside the viscoelastic matrix. The specimens were manufactured in order to create isotropic and anisotropic configurations, respectively, with randomly dispersed ferromagnetic particles or with an aligned distribution, obtained through and external magnetic field. Then, the mechanical behaviour of each sample was analysed by conducting a compression test, both with and without an external magnetic field. Moreover, a three-point bending test was also performed on the same specimens. Stiffness, deformation at maximum stress and specific energy dissipated were calculated based on the experimental data. The results were analysed considering the mechanical responses, and an analysis of variance was carried out in order to assess the statistical influence of each variable. The experimental results highlighted a strong correlation between the percentage of ferromagnetic material in each sample and its mechanical behaviour. The anisotropicity of the material, aligned in columnar structures, also affects the stiffness measured in the compression test, while the external magnetic field’s main contribution is to reduce the samples’ maximum deformation. Using analysis of variance results as guidelines, we built a simple phenomenological model which produces quite reliable predictions regarding the mechanical response of the magnetorheological elastomers under compressive stress.

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Radosavljević, Goran, Nelu Blaž, Andrea Marić, W. Smetana et Ljiljana Živanov. « Mechanical, Electrical and Thermal Characterization of Commercially Available LTCC Dielectric Tapes ». Key Engineering Materials 543 (mars 2013) : 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.212.

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Presented paper deals with mechanical and electrical properties of several commercially available LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Technology) tapes, as well as their thermal characterization. Three commercially available dielectric tape materials provided by Heraeus (CT700, CT707 and CT800) are investigated. The samples for determination of significant material parameters are prepared using the standard LTCC fabrication process. Results of the material characterization (chemical analysis, surface roughness electrical and mechanical properties) are presented. In addition thermo-electrical and-mechanical characterization of investigated tapes analysis is performed.

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Chen, Ke, Jiang Li Lin, Guang Fu Yin et Yi Zheng. « Shear Mechanical Properties Characterization of Material via Ultrasound Vibrometry ». Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (mars 2012) : 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.826.

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Measurement of mechanical properties is very important in material science research area. Shear mechanical properties can be obtained from ultrasound vibromery method. Generally, ultrasound vibrometry is based on Voigt model which cannot describe some viscoelastic material accurately. Our method is based on Zener model, and more precise description of mechanical behavior can be measured. In our work, finite element method and experiment are conducted to validate our approach. Shear wave velocities at harmonics in finite element simulation are very close to the theoretical value and the fitting results from experiment demonstrate that our method has better ability to characterize some materials.

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Lau, Hang Kuen. « Battery Materials Characterization Workflow for Effective Battery Electrode Manufacturing Processes ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n^o 6 (9 octobre 2022) : 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-026590mtgabs.

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A lithium-ion battery’s performance characteristics demand the highest performing materials in the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator. Materials characterization is an essential set of analytical techniques for ensuring optimal battery performance during the stages of material selection, development, and manufacturing. Key material characterization technologies for ensuring that batteries achieve their performance characteristics include thermal analysis, rheology, mechanical analysis and isothermal microcalorimetry. Thermal analysis provides insights into material thermal stability and structure change under different temperature ranges. Rheology provides insights into battery slurry storage, mixing, coating, and drying for more uniform and defect free electrode manufacturing. Mechanical testing provides insights into structure-property relationship such as verifying whether the polymer material in a separator will shut down safely without melting. Isothermal microcalorimetry allows researchers to study the electrochemistry of a working battery cell by enabling direct heat flow measurements that provide insights into battery lifetime. This presentation will focus on the electrode manufacturing with thermal analysis and rheology characterization to highlight how advanced material characterization can help battery researchers, developers, and production specialists develop better analytical material characterization and quality control procedures.

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Lindskog, Per, Daniel C. Andersson et Per-Lennart Larsson. « An Experimental Device for Material Characterization of Powder Materials ». Journal of Testing and Evaluation 41, n^o 3 (27 mars 2013) : 20120107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20120107.

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Gohil, Piyush P., et A. A. Shaikh. « Cotton-Epoxy Composites : Development and Mechanical Characterization ». Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (février 2011) : 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.291.

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Composites are becoming essential part of today’s material because they offer advantages such as low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue strength; faster assembly etc. composites are generating curiosity and interest all over the worlds. The attempts can be found in literature for composite materials high strength fiber and also natural fiber like jute, flax and sisal natural fibers provides data but there is need of experimental data availability for unidirectional natural fiber composite with seldom natural fiber like cotton, palm leaf etc., it can provide a feasible range of alternative materials to suitable conventional material. It was decided to carry out the systematic experimental study for the effect of volume fraction of reinforcement on longitudinal strength as well as Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) using developed mould-punch set up and testing aids. The testing is carried out as per ASTM D3039/3039M-08. The comparative assessment of obtained experimental results with literature is also carried out, which forms an important constituent of present work. It is also observed through SEM images and theoretical investigations that interface/interphase plays and important role in natural fiber composite.

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Lamberti, Luciano. « Advances in Multi-Scale Mechanical Characterization of Materials with Optical Methods ». Materials 14, n^o 23 (28 novembre 2021) : 7282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237282.

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The mechanical characterization of materials embraces many different aspects, such as, for example, (i) to assess materials’ constitutive behavior under static and dynamic conditions; (ii) to analyze material microstructure; (iii) to assess the level of damage developed in the material; (iv) to determine surface/interfacial properties; and (v) to optimize manufacturing processes in terms of process speed and reliability and obtain the highest quality of manufactured products [...]

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Němeček, Jiří, et Vlastimil Kralik. « Local Mechanical Characterization of Metal Foams by Nanoindentation ». Key Engineering Materials 662 (septembre 2015) : 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.662.59.

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This paper deals with microstructure and micromechanical properties of two commercially available aluminium foams (Alporas and Aluhab). Since none of the materials is available in a bulk and standard mechanical testing at macro-scale is not possible the materials need to be tested at micro-scale. To obtain both elastic and plastic properties quasi-static indentation was performed with two different indenter geometries (Berkovich and spherical tips). The material phase properties were analyzed with statistical grid indentation method and micromechanical homogenization was applied to obtain effective elastic wall properties. In addition, effective inelastic properties of cell walls were identified with spherical indentation. Constitutive parameters related to elasto-plastic material with linear isotropic hardening (the yield point and tangent modulus) were directly deduced from the load–depth curves of spherical indentation tests using formulations of the representative strain and stress introduced by Tabor.

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Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Material and Mechanical Characterization"

Dixon, Larie Alecia Brandy. « Material characterization of lithium ion batteries for crash safety ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100106.

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Thesis: Nav. E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-114).
The safety of lithium-ion batteries is extremely important due to their widespread use in consumer products such as laptops and cell phones. Several cases of thermal runaway in lithium ion batteries that resulted in fires have been reported recently. And in the case of vehicle batteries, deformation during a crash event could cause an internal short circuit, leading to thermal runaway, fires, or toxic gas release. While much is understood about lithium-ion batteries, no comprehensive computational models exist to test and optimize these batteries before manufacture. The objective of this research was to characterize the mechanical properties of three types of lithium-ion batteries through cell and interior component mechanical testing. Prismatic, elliptic, and pouch cells were tested using hemispherical punches to obtain load-displacement curves. Elliptic and pouch cells were also compression tested. Uniaxial, biaxial, and compression tests were performed on the interior components of elliptic and pouch cells. The test results were then used by Impact and Crashworthiness Laboratory team members to create, validate, and refine computational models. This research resulted in many conclusions involving the lithium-ion cells, their interior components, and efforts to model the failure of cells. At the cell level, the effect of liquid presence, strain rate, separator type, and test location was studied. The level of experience in sample preparation and testing methods was an important result for interior component material characterization, as was the varied force-displacement results for different cell types. But most importantly, this work demonstrated that the material characterization of lithium-ion battery cells through mechanical testing could be used to create, calibrate, and validate cell numerical simulation models.
by Larie Alecia Brandy Dixon.
Nav. E.
S.M.

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Webster, Matthew R. « Material Characterization of Insect Tracheal Tubes ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71708.

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The insect respiratory system serves as a model for both robust microfluidic transport and mate- rial design. In the system, the convective flow of gas is driven through local deformations of the tracheal network, a phenomenon that is dependent on the unique structure and material properties of the tracheal tissue. To understand the underlying mechanics of this method of gas transport, we studied the microstructure and material properties of the primary thoracic tracheal tubes of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). We performed quasi-static uniaxial tests on the tissue which revealed a nonlinear stress-strain response even under small deformations. A detailed analysis of the tissue's microstructural arrangement using both light and electron mi- croscopy revealed the primary sources of reinforcement for the tissue as well as heterogeneity on the meso-scale that may contribute to the physiological function of the tracheae during respi- ration. Finally, a custom mechanical testing system was developed with which inflation-extension tests on the tracheae were used to gather data on the biaxial elastic response of the tissue over a wide range of physiologically relevant loading conditions. From information gathered about the material microstructure, a robust constitutive model was chosen to quantify the biaxial response of the tracheae. This model will provide a basis from which to simulate the behavior of tracheal net- works in future computational studies. This study gives the first description of the elastic response of the tracheae which is essential for understanding the mechanics of respiration in insects. Thus it brings us closer to the realization of novel bio-inspired microfluidic systems and materials that utilize mechanical principles from the insect respiratory system.
Ph. D.

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Marth, Stefan. « Material Characterization for Modelling of Sheet Metal Deformation and Failure ». Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Material- och solidmekanik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62477.

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Weight reduction is one possibility to reduce fuel consumption and emission of transportation vehicles. Sheet metals are often used in automotive and aerospace applications and therefore the weight reduction achieved by reducing the sheet metals thickness is an important contribution to weight reduction. Increasing the strength of sheet metal materials gives the opportunity to reduce the total weight while maintaining safety. To prove a maintained safety for parts with a decreased weight Finite Element (FE) simulations are commonly used. This leads to a high demand on the simulation precision of sheet metals, where an accurate prediction of the post-necking behaviour of materials is needed. Improved FE simulations are reducing time and costs during the development processes. One application to improve the strength of sheet metals in the automotive industry is the usage of ultra high strength steels, which has constantly increased in usage during the last decades. The development of the press hardening process, where sheet metal blanks are formed and quenched simultaneously, brings new design opportunities. Using press hardening tools with zones that uses different cooling rates sheet metal parts can be produced with tailored properties, to improve their performance. Simulating materials based on the microstructure demands high precision on the plasticity modelling for high strain values. In this thesis work a method to characterize the elasto plastic post necking behaviour of sheet metal materials, the Stepwise Modelling Method (SMM), is presented. The method uses full field measurements of the deformation field on the surface of tensile specimen. The hardening relation is modelled as a piecewise linear in a step by step procedure. The linear hardening parameter is adapted to reduce the residual between experimental and calculated tensile forces. The SMM is used to characterize the post necking behaviour of a ferritic boron steel and the results are compared with the commonly used inverse modelling method. It is shown that the stepwise modelling method characterizes the true stress, true plastic strain relation in an effective and computational efficient way. Furthermore, the SMM is used to characterize the stress state evolution during tensile testing, which is an important factor for failure and fracture modelling. This method is shown in an aerospace application for the nickel based super alloy Alloy 718. The results shows that the stepwise modelling method is an effective and efficient alternative method to characterize the deformation and failure of sheet metals. Based on the results of this method plasticity and fracture models can be characterized in future work.

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Athale, Madhura Athale. « Elastodynamic Characterization of Material Interfaces Using Spring Models ». The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503262542890538.

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Snider, James M. « Zinc pot bearing material wear and corrosion characterization ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=3716.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 272 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 207-208).

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Studebaker, Seth. « Material modeling and sensor characterization for optimizing footpad force sensing array ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112542.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 54).
with the ultimate goal of assisting the elderly and disabled with fall prevention and mitigation as well as providing athletes with critical data for training. The force sensing footpad, originally developed for use on the MIT Cheetah robot, integrates lightweight pressure sensors and a urethane rubber, Smooth-On's Vytaflex@ 20, to sense force in both the normal and shear directions. In previous work, cylindrical footpads with a single pressure sensor of differing heights and diameters were tested by applying displacements to the material. The experimental force and voltage from the pressure sensor were recorded. The thesis aims to provide a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model in Abaqus that accurately simulates and models the footpad sensors and is validated by the physical experimental results. While previous work had been done to model and simulate the footpad using FEA, little was known about the properties of the Vytaflex@ material and a Neo-Hookean model based on coefficients for a silicone rubber was used to model the footpad. In order to provide accurate simulations, the thesis seeks to determine the best hyperelastic constitutive model to describe the material. Uniaxial tensile, uniaxial compression, planar tension, and volumetric compression tests were performed to determine the hyperelastic material model of the rubber. The Odgen n=2 material model was determined to be the best fit for the data and was used to describe the material properties in the Abaqus simulations. Abaqus models were created to represent the various cylindrical footpads and simulations were run using Abaqus's dynamic explicit analysis. Stress data from the simulation results was then converted to a voltage using an effective sensitivity and intercept adjustment factor. The effective sensitivity and intercept adjustment factor were adjusted until the simulation results matched that of the experiments. Using these constants, the stresses inside the footpad can now be determined from the voltage readings of the pressure sensor.
by Seth Studebaker.
S.B.

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Meier, Joseph D. (Joseph David). « Material characterization of high-voltage lithium-ion battery models for crashworthiness analysis ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81586.

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Thesis (Nav. E. and S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
A three-phased study of the material properties and post-impact behavior of prismatic pouch lithium-ion battery cells was conducted to refine computational finite element models and explore the mechanisms of thermal runaway caused by internal short circuit. In phase one, medium and large sized cells at low state of charge (SOC) were impacted or compressed while measuring punch load, displacement, cell voltage, and surface temperature until an internal short circuit was detected, followed by a rise in surface temperature. Results were used to either refine the constitutive cell properties or validate finite element models. In phase two, an exploratory study into the behavior of lithium-ion prismatic pouch battery cells following surface impacts with hemispherical and conical punches (abuse testing) was conducted for the purpose of observing pouch behavior and adequacy of parameter measurement methods. Cells were impacted by steel punches to loads as high as 500 kN while recording punch load, displacement, and pouch surface temperatures, as well as normal and high-speed video footage. Comparisons of load, surface temperature, and thermal runaway for various states of charge and punch types are presented. In the third and final phase of the study, material characterization of cell components was conducted to further refine computational models and draw conclusions regarding the interactions between impacted cell layers and the physical cause of internal short circuits. Results of uniaxial tension tests for coated and uncoated anode and cathode layers, as well as separator layers are presented, as well as conclusions about the use of digital image correlation (DIC) software in such studies. Much of the data generated was used to further refine and validate prismatic pouch lithium-ion battery cell computational models developed by the MIT Impact and Crashworthiness Laboratory. Physical tests conducted in phase one of this study were compared to model simulations, which showed that the models make close approximations for material displacement, and are good predictors of internal short circuit.
by Joseph D. Meier.
Nav.E.and S.M.

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Souto, Nelson Mineiro. « Computational design of a mechanical test for material characterization by inverse analysis ». Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15168.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Mecânica
With the development of full-field measurements methods, recent material parameters identification strategies call upon the use of heterogeneous tests. The inhomogeneous strain fields developed during these tests lead to a more complete mechanical characterization of the sheet metals, allowing the substantial reduction of the number of tests in the experimental database needed for material parameters identification purposes. In the present work, an innovative design optimization process for the development of heterogeneous tests is presented. The main goal is the design of a mechanical test able to characterize the material behavior of thin metallic sheets under several stress and strain paths and amplitudes. To achieve this aim, the study was carried out with a virtual material, though derived from experimental data. An indicator of the mechanical interest of the test was proposed, and was used in an optimization procedure to design both the boundary conditions and the sample shape. On the one hand, the virtual behavior of a mild steel was characterized using a complex phenomenological model composed by the Yld2004-18p anisotropic yield criterion combined with a mixed isotropic-kinematic hardening law and a macroscopic rupture criterion. An efficient material parameters identification process based on finite element model updating type was implemented and the identified parameters set was validated by performing a deep drawing test leading either to full drawing or rupture of the blank. On the other hand, an indicator which rates the strain field of the experiment by quantifying the mechanical information of the test was formulated. The relevance of the indicator was stressed out by the numerical analysis of already known classical as well as heterogeneous tests and the results obtained were validated by a material parameter sensitivity study. Two different optimization approaches were used for designing the heterogeneous test, namely (i) a one-step procedure designing both specimen shape and loading path by using a tool and (ii) a sequential incremental technique designing the specimen shape and the loading path of the specimen considering local displacements. The results obtained revealed that the optimization approach proposed was very promising for designing a single experiment able to fully characterize the several strain paths and amplitudes encountered in sheet metal forming processes.
Devido ao desenvolvimento de métodos de medição global, recentes estratégias de identificação de parâmetros de material baseiam-se na informação obtida em testes mecânicos heterogéneos. Os campos de deformação desenvolvidos por estes testes permitem uma melhor caracterização mecânica de chapas metálicas, o que possibilita reduzir consideravelmente o número de testes mecânicos necessários num processo de identificação de parâmetros de modelos constitutivos complexos. No presente trabalho, uma metodologia de design recorrendo a optimização para desenvolver testes mecânicos heterógenos é apresentada. O seu principal objectivo consistiu na concepção de um teste mecânico capaz de caracterizar o comportamento mecânico de chapas metálicas para vários estados de tensão e deformação. Para isso, este estudo foi realizado considerando um material virtual obtido a partir de dados experimentais. Além disso, um indicador capaz de caracterizar testes mecânicos foi proposto para ser posteriormente utilizado na metodologia de optimização. Por um lado, o comportamento virtual de um aço macio foi caracterizado através de um modelo fenomenológico complexo composto pelo critério de plasticidade anisotrópico Yld2004-18p, combinado com uma lei de encruamento mista e com um critério macroscópico de ruptura. Para esta caracterização mecânica, um processo eficiente de identificação de parâmetros foi desenvolvido e o conjunto de parâmetros identificado foi validado comparando resultados experimentais e numéricos do processo de embutidura de um copo cilíndrico. Por outro lado, um indicador quantitativo para avaliar a informação do campo de deformação de testes mecânicos foi formulado e a sua performance foi avaliada através da análise numérica tanto de testes mecânicos clássicos como de testes heterogéneos. Relativamente à metodologia de optimização, duas abordagens diferentes foram consideradas para a concepção do teste mecânico heterógeno. A primeira abordagem consistiu num procedimento de etapa única projectando a forma do provete e o carregamento através da utilização de uma ferramenta. A segunda abordagem consistiu numa técnica incremental de varias etapas projectando a forma do provete e o caminho de deformação através da aplicação de carregamento por deslocamentos locais. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a metodologia de optimização proposta permite a concepção de testes mecânicos capazes de caracterizar toda a gama de estados de deformação e níveis de deformação normalmente observados nos processos de conformação de chapas metálicas.
Grâce au développement des méthodes de mesure de champs, de nouvelles stratégies d’identification de paramètres matériau de lois de comportement mécanique sont proposées, fondées sur l’utilisation d’essais mécaniques hétérogènes. Les champs de déformation hétérogènes développés au cours de ces essais permettent une meilleure caractérisation du comportement mécanique des tôles métalliques et, par conséquent, de réduire considérablement le nombre d’essais nécessaires pour identifier les paramètres matériau de modèles phénoménologiques complexes. Mais comment concevoir ces essais? Dans ce travail, une méthodologie d’optimisation pour le développement d’essais mécaniques hétérogènes est présentée. L’objectif principal est la conception, par analyse inverse et en proposant un indicateur représentatif des états de déformation, d’un essai capable de caractériser le comportement mécanique des tôles métalliques pour plusieurs états de contrainte et déformation. Pour cela, cette étude a été réalisée en considérant un matériau virtuel (acier doux sous forme de tôle mince), obtenu à partir de données expérimentales. En outre, un indicateur qui caractérise les essais mécaniques a été proposé pour être utilisé dans la méthodologie d’optimisation. D’un côté, le comportement mécanique de l’acier doux a été représenté avec un modèle phénoménologique complexe composé du critère anisotrope de plasticité Yld2004-18p, combiné à une loi d’écrouissage mixte et un critère macroscopique de rupture. Pour cette loi de comportement, un procédé d’identification des paramètres du matériau a été développé et le jeu de paramètres identifiés a été validé en comparant des résultats expérimentaux et numériques de l’emboutissage d’un godet cylindrique. D’un autre côté, un indicateur quantitatif pour évaluer l’information du champ de déformation des essais mécaniques a été formulé et sa pertinence a été évaluée à travers l’analyse numérique d’essais classiques et hétérogènes de la littérature. Concernant la méthodologie d’optimisation, deux approches différentes ont été considérées pour la conception de l’essai mécanique hétérogène. La première approche est fondée sur une procédure en une seule étape, où l’optimisation de la forme de l’éprouvette et des conditions aux limites, imposées par un outil, a été effectuée. La seconde approche est fondée sur une technique incrémentale en plusieurs étapes, en optimisant la forme de l’éprouvette et le chemin de déformation, par l’application des déplacements locaux. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés et un essai est retenu pour identifier les paramètres matériau, en utilisant le matériau virtuel comme référence, afin d’illustrer la pertinence de la démarche.

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Hemmasizadeh, Ali. « Characterization of Heterogeneous Material Properties of Aorta Using Nanoindentation ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/240046.

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Mechanical Engineering
Ph.D.
Arterial mechanical properties have received increasing attention in the past few decades due to their vast effect on predicting cardiovascular diseases and injuries. The heterogeneity of thoracic aortic tissue was characterized in terms of viscoelastic material properties and correlations were obtained between these properties and tissue morphology. Additionally, the effect of material preservation on the material properties was determined. Changes in the mechanical properties of porcine thoracic aorta wall in the radial direction were characterized using a quasi-linear viscoelastic modeling of nanoindentaiton tests. Two layers of equal thickness were mechanically distinguishable in descending aorta based on the radial variations in the instantaneous Young's modulus E and reduced relaxation function G(t). Overall, comparison of E and Ginf of the outer half (70.27±2.47 kPa and 0.35±0.01) versus the inner half (60.32±1.65 kPa and 0.33±0.01) revealed that the outer half was stiffer and showed less relaxation. The results were used to explain local mechanisms of deformation, force transmission, tear propagation and failure in arteries. A multimodal and multidisciplinary approach was adopted to characterize the transmural morphological properties of aorta. The utilized methods included histology and multi-photon microscopy for describing the wall micro-architecture in the circumferential-radial plane, and Fourier-Transform infrared imaging spectroscopy for determining structural protein, and total protein content. The distributions of these quantified properties across the wall thickness of the porcine descending thoracic aorta were characterized and their relationship with the mechanical properties was determined. It was revealed that there is an increasing trend in mechanical stiffness, Elastic lamella Density (ELD), Structural Protein (SPR), Total Protein (TPR), and Elastin and Collagen Circumferential Percentage (ECP and CCP) from inner layers toward the outer ones. Finally two larger regions with equal thickness (inner and outer halves) were determined based on cluster analysis results of ELD which were in agreement with the cluster analysis of instantaneous Young's modulus. Changes to the local viscoelastic properties of fresh porcine thoracic aorta wall due to three common storage temperatures (+4 oC, -20 oC and -80 oC) within 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week and 3 weeks were characterized. The changes to both elastic and relaxation behaviors were investigated considering the multilayer, heterogeneous nature of the aortic wall. For +4 oC storage samples, the average instantaneous Young's modulus (E) decreased while their permanent average relaxation amplitude (Ginf) increased and after 48 hours these changes became significant (10%, 13% for E, Ginf respectively). Generally, in freezer storage, E increased and Ginf showed no significant change. In prolonged preservation (> 1 week), the results of +20 oC storage showed significant increase in E (20% after 3 weeks) while this increase for -80 oC was not significant, making it a better choice for tissue cold storage applications. Results from this dissertation present a substantial step toward the anatomical characterization of the aortic wall building blocks and establishing a foundation for understanding the role of microstructural components on the functionality of blood vessels. A better understanding of these relationships would provide novel therapeutic targets and strategies for the prevention of human vascular disease.
Temple University--Theses

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Rastgar, Agah Mobin. « Material Characterization of Aortic Tissue for Traumatic Injury and Buckling ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/324268.

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Mechanical Engineering
Ph.D.
While traumatic aortic injury (TAI) and rupture (TAR) continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in motor vehicle accidents, its underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Different mechanisms such as increase in intraluminal pressure, relative movement of aorta with respect to mediastinal structures, direct impact to bony structures have been proposed as contributing factors to TAI/TAR. At the tissue level, TAI is assumed to be the result of a complex state of supra-physiological, high rate, and multi-axial loading. A major step to gain insight into the mechanisms of TAI is a characterization of the aortic tissue mechanical and failure properties under loading conditions that resemble traumatic events. While the mechanical behavior of arteries in physiological conditions have been investigated by many researchers, this dissertation was motivated by the scarcity of reported data on supra-physiological and high rate loading conditions of aorta. Material properties of the porcine aortic tissue were characterized and a Fung-type constitutive model was developed based on ex-vivo inflation-extension of aortic segments with intraluminal pressures covering a range from physiological to supra-physiological (70 kPa). The convexity of the material constitutive model was preserved to ensure numerical stability. The increase in ë_è from physiological pressure (13 kPa) to 70 kPa was 13% at the outer wall and 22% at the inner wall while in this pressure range, the longitudinal stretch ratio ë_z increased 20%. A significant nonlinearity in the material behavior was observed as in the same pressure range, the circumferential and longitudinal Cauchy stresses at the inner wall were increased 16 and 18 times respectively. The effect of strain-rate on the mechanical behavior and failure properties of the tissue was characterized using uniaxial extension experiments in circumferential and longitudinal directions at nominal strain rates of 0.3, 3, 30 and 400 s-1. Two distinct states of failure initiation (FI) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were identified at both directions. Explicit direct relationships were derived between FI and UTS stresses and strain rate. On the other hand, FI and UTS strains were rate independent and therefore strain was proposed as the main mechanism of failure. On average, engineering strain at FI was 0.85±0.03 for circumferential direction and 0.58±0.02 for longitudinal direction. The engineering strain at UTS was not different between the two directions and reached 0.89±0.03 on average. Tissue pre-failure linear moduli showed an average of 60% increase over the range of strain rates. Using the developed material model, mechanical stability of aorta was studied by varying the loading parameters for two boundary conditions, namely pinned-pinned boundary condition (PPBC) and clamped-clamped boundary condition (CCBC). The critical pressure for CCBC was three times higher than PPBC. It was shown that the relatively free segment of aorta at the isthmus region may become unstable before reaching the peak intraluminal pressures that occur during a trauma. The mechanical instability mechanism was proposed as a contributing factor to TAI, where elevations in tissue stresses and strains due to buckling may increase the risk of injury.
Temple University--Theses

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E, Totten George, et Liang Hong, dir. Mechanical tribology : Materials, characterization, and applications. New York : Marcel Dekker, 2004.

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A, Glaeser William, dir. Characterization of tribological materials. Boston : Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993.

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Chevalier, Yvon, et Jean Tuong Vinh, dir. Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Wave Dispersion. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118621264.

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Jordan, T. L. Piezoelectric ceramics characterization. Hampton, Va : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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François, Dominique. Mechanical Behaviour of Materials : Volume II : Fracture Mechanics and Damage. 2^e éd. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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Antonio, Brian Kent. Material and mechanical characterizations for braided composite pressure vessels. Springfield, Va : Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1990.

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Pelleg, Joshua. Mechanical Properties of Materials. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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W, Fritz H., et Eustacchio E, dir. Mechanical tests for bitumious mixes : Characterization, design and quality control. London : Chapman and Hall, 1990.

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International Union of Testing and Research Laboratories for Materials and Structures. International Symposium. Mechanical tests for bituminous mixes : Characterization, design, and quality control. London : Chapman and Hall, 1990.

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Mechanical characterization of materials and wave dispersion : Instrumentation and experiment interpretation. London, U.K : ISTE, 2010.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Material and Mechanical Characterization"

Nielsen, C. V., W. Zhang, L. M. Alves, N. Bay et P. A. F. Martins. « Material, Friction and Contact Characterization ». Dans Modeling of Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Manufacturing Processes, 79–87. London : Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4643-8_7.

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Ernst, Leo J. « Polymer Material Characterization and Modeling ». Dans Benefiting from Thermal and Mechanical Simulation in Micro-Electronics, 37–58. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3159-0_4.

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Amaya, M., J. M. Romero, L. Martinez et R. Pérez. « Mechanical Properties of Spray-Atomized FeAl40 at.%Al Alloys ». Dans Materials Characterization, 199–207. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15204-2_20.

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Vinh, Jean Tuong. « Review of Industrial Analyzers for Material Characterization ». Dans Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Wave Dispersion, 13–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118621264.ch2.

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Schneider, Eckhardt, et Christian Boller. « Ultrasonic Material Characterization and Testing of Anisotropic Components ». Dans Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 5–6. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1771-1_2.

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Aksoy, Hüseyin Gökmen. « Wideband Material Characterization of Viscoelastic Materials ». Dans Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 117–23. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21762-8_14.

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LeBlanc, James, Susan Bartyczak et Lauren Edgerton. « Mechanical Characterization and Numerical Material Modeling of Polyurea ». Dans Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 105–7. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95089-1_17.

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Pindera, Jerzy Tadeusz. « Review of Material Characterization ». Dans Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 54–108. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9359-5_4.

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Gupta, Nitin Kumar, Pankaj Pandey, Samarth Mehta, Shilpi Swati, Shubham Kumar Mishra et Kevin Jose Tom. « Characterization of ABS Material in Hybrid Composites : A Review ». Dans Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 619–30. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6469-3_57.

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Tobalina, D., F. Sanz-Adan, R. Lostado-Lorza, M. Martínez-Calvo, J. Santamaría-Peña, I. Sanz-Peña et F. Somovilla-Gómez. « Characterization of a Composite Material Reinforced with Vulcanized Rubber ». Dans Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1073–82. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45781-9_107.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Material and Mechanical Characterization"

Boehme, Bjoern, K. M. B. Jansen, Sven Rzepka et Klaus-Juergen Wolter. « Comprehensive material characterization of organic packaging materials ». Dans 2009 10th International Conferene on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esime.2009.4938431.

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Foltynski, Jacek, Jason Franqui, Andriy Vasiyschouk, Ruslan Mudryy et Kenneth Blecker. « Material Characterization of Phase Change Materials for Munitions Safety Applications ». Dans ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94225.

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Abstract Ammunition packaging is a critical safety component throughout a munitions lifecycle. Packaged munitions are subjected to a series of harmonized Insensitive Munitions (IM) and Final Hazard Classification (FHC) tests that dictate limits on storage and transportation operations. System level IM tests include bullet and fragment impact, fast and slow heating and sympathetic detonations among others. The reaction severity of packaged ammunition to each external stimulus creates the basis for the final hazard classification. Detonations and explosions result in restrictive shipping and storage quantities. Benign reactions result in less restrictive final hazard classifications that allow for improved logistical efficiencies. Significant studies are being conducted to improve insensitivity and hazard classifications of legacy munitions without redesigning the ammunition or energetic material. This work investigates the integration of phase change materials (PCM) into munitions packaging to improve IM reactions during fast and slow heating. Both fast and slow heating are possible occurrences in the military ammunition lifecycle due to vehicle accidents, fuel spills or enemy actions. The materials in question are a solid, wax-like substance that begin to melt at a specific temperature. Once the PCM reaches it latent heat of fusion it acts as a heat sink that can absorb large amounts of energy. This property may help improve cook-off reactions of packaged ammunition that is exposed to an uncontrolled external heat source such as a fuel fire. Limiting and delaying heat transfer to extremely sensitive primary explosives and igniters may allow less sensitive components to burn out and prevent a detonation or explosion. Material testing was conducted to quantify the thermal characteristics of several PCM configurations. A legacy mortar package was selected as the test bed with a focus on the propulsion charge and its ignition train. A numerical model was utilized to identify potential designs for evaluation. Limited free volume created a challenge to fit enough PCM into the required areas needed to achieve the desired result. Full scale heating tests were conducted with an inert munition to collect system thermal data, including interactions of multiple layers of packaging materials. The PCM influenced the thermal response of the legacy packaging system as compared against baseline data. When used in specific locations and quantity for the packaging system in question, the PCM absorbs enough heat energy to show a measurable decrease in munition skin temperature at critical points of interest. The findings show that phase change materials may reduce reaction severity of legacy munitions by influencing heat transfer in designated areas. A robust and economical containment method for PCM is still required for munition applications.

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Santare, Michael H., Wenzhong Tang, John E. Novotny et Suresh G. Advani. « Mechanical Characterization of a Nanotube-Polyethylene Composite Material ». Dans ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43351.

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was used as the matrix material for a carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites. Multi-wall carbon nanotube composite films were fabricated using the melt processing method. Composite samples with 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% nanotube content by weight were tested. The mechanical properties of the films were measured by the small punch test and wear resistance was measured with a block-on-ring wear tester. Results show increases in the stiffness, peak load, work-to-failure and wear resistance with increasing nanotube content.

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Smith, Michael P., Paul V. Cavallaro, Jacob D. O’Donnell, Eric A. Warner, Nicholas A. Valm et Nick Gencarelle. « Mechanical Characterization of Thermally Insulated Composites ». Dans ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95165.

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Abstract This research study investigated the flame-smoke-toxicity (FST) behaviors of water-based, nontoxic, and lightweight coating materials as thermal insulation for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Material experiments were conducted to evaluate the thermal and mechanical performances of these materials in two forms, namely as coatings on and matrices in structural composites. The present research evaluated the thermal protection performance of a nontoxic, aqueous coating material (SBS-1607[1]) demonstrated on carbon- and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. The SBS-1607 coating is a ceramic particulate-filled thermoset material. The SBS-1607 coating does not produce toxic gases during a burn event and can be used as novel matrix material. The SBS-1607 material was applied as thin coatings on glass fiber (GF) and carbon fiber (CF) epoxy laminated plates. The dimensions of both laminates were 8 inches by 8 inches by 0.197 inches (203.2 mm by 203.2 mm by 5.00 mm). The thickness of the SBS-1607 coating was 0.025 inches (0.67 mm). The maximum temperatures measured from the thermocouple for the uncoated GF and CF samples were 158.7°F and 431.1°F, respectively; the inclusion of the SBS-1607 coating on the GF and CF samples reduced their maximum temperatures to 144.6°F and 227.2°F, respectively. Residual tensile strengths and elastic moduli were used as indicators of thermal damage in the matrix. Visible damage zones were approximated using surface measurements. The coated GF and CF burned composite specimens respectively had 71.85% and 151.14% higher UTS than their uncoated counterpart; the GF and CF specimens with the SBS-1607 coating therefore sustained less damage after the thermal event test.

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Thota, Jagadeep, Mohammed Saadeh, Mohamed B. Trabia, Brendan O’Toole, Chang-Hyun Lee, Kwan-Je Woo, Hong-Lae Park, Kang-Wun Lee, Man-Hoi Koo et Kyoung-Hoon Lee. « Material Characterization of Rubberized Aramid for Shock Mitigation ». Dans ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88437.

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Modern military vehicles can reduce transmitted shocks to critical components within it through the use of composite armor and rubberized material at the space frame joints. Therefore, proper material models of these shock absorbing materials are imperative to accurately understand shock transmission. While quasi-static mechanical characteristics of candidate materials may be well understood, their behavior under dynamic conditions has not been studied as much. This research presents the mechanical characterization of rubberized aramid, which is used as a part of a composite armor. Since the rubberized aramid material may be subjected to large deformations due to the high impact loading, a strain-sensitive material model is proposed to describe this material computationally. Tensile tests on rubberized aramid are conducted under various strain rates. Additionally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) vibration tests are conducted to determine the damping property of the rubberized aramid material. These measured characteristics can be incorporated in the material models that will be used in the computational analysis of the armored vehicle under shock loading.

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« Chapter 13, Material characterization and modeling ». Dans Thermal and Mechanical Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems - EuroSimE 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esime.2004.1338197.

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Poh, Edith S. W., W. H. Zhu, X. R. Zhang, C. K. Wang, Anthony Y. S. Sun et H. B. Tan. « Lead-free solder material characterization for thermo-mechanical modeling ». Dans Multi-Physics simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esime.2008.4525046.

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Lu, Yongjin, et Rui Lin. « Mechanical Behavior and Characterization of Stern-shaft Mechanical Sealing Device ». Dans 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ic3me-15.2015.10.

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Quapp, Krista M., et Jeffrey A. Weiss. « A Material Characterization of Human Medial Collateral Ligament ». Dans ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0293.

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Abstract Despite the vast amount of research on mechanical properties of the knee ligaments, the material properties of human medial collateral ligament (MCL) have never been characterized. The material properties of knee ligaments have only been determined in the longitudinal direction of the ligament. The transverse properties are also necessary for development of 3-d constitutive models. This study determined the longitudinal and transverse material properties of the MCL and evaluated the ability of three material models to describe the material behavior.

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Chen, Yu, Andrew B. Kahng, Gabriel Robins et Alexander Zelikovsky. « Monte-Carlo methods for chemical-mechanical planarization on multiple-layer and dual-material models ». Dans Design, Process Integration, and Characterization for Microelectronics, sous la direction de Alexander Starikov et Kenneth W. Tobin, Jr. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.475677.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Material and Mechanical Characterization"

Barnes, Eftihia, Jennifer Jefcoat, Erik Alberts, Hannah Peel, L. Mimum, J, Buchanan, Xin Guan et al. Synthesis and characterization of biological nanomaterial/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42132.

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The properties of composite materials are strongly influenced by both the physical and chemical properties of their individual constituents, as well as the interactions between them. For nanocomposites, the incorporation of nano-sized dopants inside a host material matrix can lead to significant improvements in mechanical strength, toughness, thermal or electrical conductivity, etc. In this work, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils on the structure and mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibril poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films was investigated. Cellulose is one of the most abundant organic polymers with superior mechanical properties and readily functionalized surfaces. Under the current processing conditions, cellulose nanofibrils, as-received and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidized, alter the crystallinity and mechanical properties of the composite films while not inducing a crystalline phase transformation on the 𝛾 phase PVDF composites. Composite films obtained from hydrated cellulose nanofibrils remain in a majority 𝛾 phase, but also exhibit a small, yet detectable fraction of 𝛼 and ß PVDF phases.

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Scott, Dylan, Steven Graham, Bradford Songer, Brian Green, Michael Grotke et Tony Brogdon. Laboratory characterization of Cor-Tuf Baseline and UHPC-S. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40121.

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This experimental effort is part of a larger program entitled Development of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Tools and Design Guidelines. This program operates in accordance with an agreement concerning combating terrorism research and development between the United States of America Department of Defense and the Republic of Singapore Ministry of Defence. The objective of the program is to develop a better understanding of the potential benefits that may be achieved from the application of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) materials for protective structures. The specific effort detailed in this report will provide insight into laboratory-scale mechanical properties of Cor-Tuf and a proprietary material termed UHPC-Singapore (UHPC-S).

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Westerman, R. E., J. H. Haberman, S. G. Pitman, B. A. Pulsipher et L. A. Sigalla. Corrosion and environmental-mechanical characterization of iron-base nuclear waste package structural barrier materials. Annual report, FY 1984. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5851243.

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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas et S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, avril 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.

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Minnicino, Michael, David Gray et Paul Moy. Aluminum Alloy 7068 Mechanical Characterization. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, août 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada506416.

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Leung, C. Acetylene Terminated Resin Mechanical Characterization. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mai 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada172623.

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GIBSON, M. W. Material stabilization characterization management plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/797727.

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Bannochie, C. J. Plutonium Immobilization Material Characterization : Milestone 1 Report - Initiate Design of Prototype Material Characterization System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juin 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793847.

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Fried, Eliot, et Morton E. Gurtin. Continuum mechanical and computational aspects of material behavior. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), février 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811358.

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Fried, Eliot. Continuum Mechanical and Computational Aspects of Material Behavior. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), février 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1325887.

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